جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "second homes" در نشریات گروه "جغرافیا"

Today, second home ownership has become an everyday lifestyle in most parts of the world, after more than two decades of research records in Iran and the dispersal of thematic literature or second home studies. This research aims to review and analyze scientific research articles in the second home field in Iran in the structural and content framework to evaluate the internal scientific status compared to international literature, reveal research gaps, and identify priorities for future study. For this purpose, 87 internal articles were identified by systematic review and categorized by content analysis and MAXQDA software. To compare internal studies with global knowledge, 154 international articles were analyzed using the word co-occurrence technique in VOSviewer software. The results show that internal studies lack an interdisciplinary approach. Thematic classification of the studies shows that researchers pay more attention to the description of the reproduced space at the level of objectivity, the dominance of the result-oriented attitude, and less attention to the causal-explanatory level. Evaluating the studies' methodologies reveals positivist dominance in the internal literature. Similar to internal knowledge, international studies emphasize the consequence-oriented approach and, unlike internal studies, focus more on the qualitative approach and subjective perception of stakeholders. Future research requires expanding the geographical scope and paying attention to the scale of the city and suburbs, producing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach, focusing more on qualitative and mixed methods, explaining causal forces by considering all stakeholders, and in-depth and multi-level studies. The research outputs can be helpful for researchers and policymakers because they present the current state of knowledge and propose research perspectives.

Post-World War II global developments, such as the expansion of urbanization and the creation of large cities, the pollution of the urban environment, as well as the increase in leisure time, led to the expansion of rural tourism, especially second home ownership. Today, the tourism sector as a productive sector plays an important role in generating income and creating jobs in the economies of the countries. As such, many countries look to the dynamic tourism industry as a major source of income, employment, private sector growth and infrastructure development. One of the essential strategies for the development of rural areas is to pay attention to rural tourism to isolate and marginalize rural areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of developing second homes in Zardanjan village of Jay village. The research method in this descriptive-analytical study is that the statistical population of the study is Zardanjan village households and Cochran method was used to determine the sample size. Sample selection was done using random sampling method and 87 people were selected as sample. Library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used for data collection. For data analysis, t-test was used. The findings showed that the expansion of construction of second homes in Zardanjan village due to factors such as proximity to Isfahan, increased leisure needs and the need to relax in a quiet environment. The continuation of this phenomenon has had various consequences in the rural areas, the most negative of which is the destruction of agricultural land and rising land prices and sociocultural instability and the most positive consequence of increasing diversification of economic activities especially in the service sector and achieving economic sustainability.

The statistical population of the present study is rural households living in eight villages of Rudbar-e Qasran District, which is equal to 17,419 people according to the 2016 census. After identifying and designing the indicators, a questionnaire was prepared by using Cochran's formula, 310 villagers were selected as the sample population that by using random / systematic sampling method, the questionnaires were distributed among them and finally with using Friedman statistics, logistic regression and cluster analysis in SPSS software environment, the data were analyzed. The results of Friedman test illustrate that rural tourism in different physical, economic, social and cultural fields have a significant difference up to 99% confidence level. The results of logistic regression by using the forward selection method also illustrate that the variables of income and expenditure of rural households up to 99% confidence in the regression equation were examined and Wald Statistics represent the meaningful level of the variables in the regression equation. According to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis test, the villages of the first cluster (Garmabdar, Zayegan, Lalan and Ab Nik villages) and the village of the second cluster (Ruteh) have the highest rank in the field of development of second homes tourism, respectively. The villages of the third cluster (Fard Abad and Sang Bon) and the fourth cluster (Labark), although they have many tourist attractions, they have a lower level of development in comparison to the villages of the first and second clusters.

Lahijan city with its many natural and cultural attractions has always been one of the tourist centers in Gilan province. The rural areas of this city, with its pristine natural environment in each of the mountainous, foothill and plain-coastal areas, as well as cultural and human attractions, is one of the main tourist destinations of the city. However, the expansion of tourism flows in this city, which is generally accompanied by insufficient planning and management, has had many positive and negative effects in the fields of economic, environmental and physical-spatial.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between second homes and vulnerabilities in rural areas of Lahijan city. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study included experts and experts of Lahijan city, 125 of whom were purposefully selected.The instrument used was a researcher-made viability questionnaire whose validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was 0.79. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and correlation coefficient and analysis of variance. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between all components of livability and tourism of second homes and the expansion of second homes in mountainous and forested areas has been more than coastal areas and the effects of the physical part of home tourism. The second has been more than other sections.

One of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study area has been associated with a phenomenon called second homes, the results of this expansion has had many negative consequences in physical, economic, environmental, cultural and social dimensions. Rural areas of Lil rural district of the central part of Lahijan during the last two decades with the prosperity of the tourism industry have been associated with the phenomenon of the expansion of second homes. In this research, using descriptive-analytical methods and statistical tests, the effects of the expansion of second homes on physical and environmental changes in rural areas of Lil district have been investigated. The results showed that the expansion of the second homes had the greatest impact on the physical part of the villages. Negative effects of the physical part include: changes in the rural landscape and urbanization of the settlement, disruption of the traditional structure and homogeneity of construction, loss of physical beauty of the village, changes in residential and commercial units. Also land use change, leveling of mountains, increasing waste production and changes in workshop units and local employees are the most important negative effects in the environmental sector.

Sustainable livelihood approach is one of the new approaches in rural development that has been proposed due to the inefficiency of classical approaches to rural development and poverty reduction in rural society. One of the strategies for livelihoods is rural tourism and its construction of second homes for tourism in these areas. Given that their second homes are physical and physically affect the village, their view of rural areas at first glance draws human attention. The overall objective of the present study is to investigate the role of second homes in the physical-spatial development of rural settlements based on the sustainable livelihood approach in the mountainous rural areas of Esterabad rural area of ​​Aliabad Katoul city. The present study was an applied one and for this purpose two methods of library and field research were used. The statistical population consisted of 6 villages with a population of 815 households that were studied in 158 questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the assumptions of this study in the form of physical-environmental components, non-parametric tests of Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Mann-Whitney, WiFi / Kramer and independent parametric f test showed that the results of the tests indicate that the physical-physical effects of the second homes The community view is positive and appropriate. The willingness to participate among the villagers is also favorable. On the other hand, the expansion of tourism has created new vulnerabilities in the villages, most notably the contradiction and heterogeneity in the old texture of the village and the new texture of the second homes, the increase in the amount of uncontrolled and irregular construction in the area and the demolished tourist villages. The natural environment and the move towards urbanization are the rural landscape, especially in the construction of second homes.

The concept of human development is the extension of the process of selecting individuals, and it is argued that the main purpose of development is to promote the true creation of man and to improve the quality of life of individuals. On the other hand, in the last two decades, with the prosperity of urbanization and the desire to travel, rural tourism and residence in the countryside has been accelerated and given the nature of the tourism phenomenon of the second homes as part of the rural tourism industry, the development of socio-cultural changes alongside Economic and environmental changes in rural areas that face many challenges and inequalities such as rural-urban migration, poverty, lack of facilities for a decent living, is inevitable. The purpose of the present research is to find the answer to the question of whether tourism in the second homes has an impact on the sustainability and human development of rural areas. And in the event of impact, has increased and improved which indicators of human development in the villages.

Tourism as a booming and rugged activity of the present century has a significant impact on rural areas. One of the special characteristics of the tourism effects system, especially in rural areas, is its various and wideness economic, social, cultural, political, institutional, and environmental effects. Such impacts, depending on different spatial situations, can vary in intensity and direction. The present research aims to spatial analysis of tourism effects in rural settlements of Rezvanshahr county. Based on aim, this research is an analytical descriptive study. The statistical sample is rural settlements of Rezvanshahr. The analysis of built environment in rural areas was done using remote sensing data. GIS and the maximum probability with two user's algorithm were used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that intensity of rural tourism effects in Rezvanshahr county is different according to various spatial units. Therefore, the physical effects of rural tourism (such as second homes, service units, land use changes, and land prices) in coastal areas are more intensive than those in plains and foothills areas.

Problems in metropolises such as traffic, types of pollution, housing situation and the desire to invest in real estate, have led to the desire of city dwellers to settle in urban suburbs and thus the spread of second homes has brought. Numbers of second homes have expanded in the metropolitan suburbs of Mashhad in recent decades, which has economic, socio-cultural, physical and environmental consequences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and consequences of the formation of second homes in the suburbs of the metropolis of Mashhad. The research method in this study is a descriptive- analytical. Data is collected through library and field methods by distributing questionnaires among 320-second homeowners in the 12 villages studied that is obtained by the Cochran formula. In this research, a stratified random sampling method was used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (one -sample t-test) were used. The results indicate that most of the second homes have been built since the 1380s (the 2000s). Among the main reasons for the expansion of the second homes in the studied area are: (a) spending leisure time, (b) air pollution and urban traffic jams. The one-sample t-test results show that expansion second homes has significant consequences such as land speculation, change of wasteland and agricultural lands in second homes, reducing agricultural-related jobs and expansion of service jobs, the destruction of the rural landscape, the construction of houses with new urban architectural patterns, and contrary to the rural houses, increase the number of rural housing, damage to groundwater resources and increase in villagers' cultural awareness. The formation of second homes, despite the increase in job opportunities, has not had much effect on increasing the income and purchasing power of the villagers. On the other hand, the increase of environmental pollution and reduction of plant and animal species has been of less intensity. Also, the formation of second homes has not had much effect on the increase of facilities and services of villagers.

Rural tourism as a socio-economic activity can play an important role in diversification of rural economy by creating job and income opportunities; this can also help to improve and enhance the quality of life in rural communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of second home tourism in quality of life of permanent residents in rural areas of Saidabad County in Ijrud Township. In this applied research we have used descriptive- analytical methods. For data collection field techniques such as questionnaire and interview were used. For data analyzing, statistical tests such as one sample t-test, correlation and multiple variable regression were used. The sample includes villages in Saidabad County and from the total number of 818 households, 216 cases were chosen. The results of study show that tourism developments in the last decade have had positive impacts on the quality of life measures in rural areas. On the other hand, results of regression according to R square coefficient (0.924), indicates the positive effect of second home tourism development in improving the resident's quality of life indicators in the study area; so that among the impacts of expanding tourism second homes on the quality of life, economic index (0.450) and physical- infrastructural aspects (0.349) respectively have the highest impact and institutional and decision making dimension (0.078) has the least amount of impact on quality of life index from the viewpoint of local residents; and these effects, in all cases are significant at 99% level.

Today, a managing issue in rural areas is how to take a proper advantage of beautiful rural lands and landscapes. The utilization of rural lands has several dimensions, but one of the most important and developing usages of these lands is the tourism and entertainment dimension. This type of usage has a great influence on the stability of rural lands and regions through the establishment of the second homes in rural areas and the tourist’s longer residence, compared to other types of tourism. In the procedure of managing and planning of developing the second homes in many countries, the governments try their best to face with the least environmental side effects and therefore, every land usage is determined based on the sustainable development plans. Hence, precise study of managing experiences and second-home planning in other countries can provide the required experiential instructions’ bases to establish the sustainable managing structure with Iran’s situation.
This paper is one of those comparative studies with qualitative analysis and content-analysis method. The aim of this paper is to reveal the shortcomings and strengths of the management framework and rural tourism planning (second homes), and to achieve this objective, the rural tourism planning’s structure (second homes) of Iran is compared to Turkey, South Africa, Portugal and Brazil. The selection of these countries is due to the existence of management and planning for second homes in them.
Discussion and The government has a directorial role in tourism planning (second homes) in Portugal and Brazil. In South Africa, the role of local participation has increased. In Turkey and Iran, this planning is centralized and done by the government. The relationship between the different levels of planning in aforementioned countries is based on their planning framework. Plans are done in Iran and Turkey in a concentrated way, but in Portugal, the relationship between the planning levels is based on the Federal system. In South Africa, the planning framework is adapting the local management to the higher levels of management. The level of local management in managing structure of Brazil is also determined. The four aforementioned countries (Brazil, Turkey, Portugal and South Africa) have a native paradigm to plan for second homes in tourism.
According to the study of the planning for rural tourism and second homes in aforementioned countries and comparing such thing to the studies and programs that are formulated in managing and tourism planning of second homes in Iran, we will face with two types of issues in our country: general issues related to substantial level of planning in this country (comprehensive planning view, being sectional, lack of a proper position for rural tourism and second home in development plans and …) and regional issues (low level of participation of locals and NGOs in rural tourism planning (second homes) – defect in infrastructural facilities – the up-down relationship of management with higher levels and …). Considering the existing issues of management and proper planning for the second homes in Iran, the following strategies are suggested in order to reach to a stable development of second-home tourism: The levels of planning: national (determining a strategy for rural and tourism problems – determining the position of rural and tourism plans in national plans), regional (the interrelation of governmental and private organizations in rural issues – performing implementation actions for rural and tourism projects – prioritizing the rural and tourism actions), local (providing the required actions for tourism and rural projects – motivating the local tourism in rural institutions – the interrelation of local management with higher levels); designing a native paradigm (considering to the social, cultural, and economical stability in …. – constructing a number of parks to develop the second homes – establishing security, environmental and framework rules); the role of the government (directorial and motivational role for tourism in local level); organizational interrelation (performing the tourism problems in an organization or a ministry).

With the development of urbanization and industrialization of countries establishing second homes in rural areas and good weather for wide spread around the big cities. This phenomenon in different dimensions (economic, social, environmental and structural) has affected the rural areas. Therefore, this study is a descriptive - analytical seeks to create effects on stability and instability in rural settlement second homes QasranRudbar the city Shamiran studied. To achieve this goal, first using a questionnaire that included the variables of economic, social and environmental - physical had been set. Then its validity by experts and its reliability was assessed by Kvrnbakh alpha. As well as sampling (Cochran method) 250questionnaires were distributed among the people to answer the research question. Finally, to analyze data collected by questionnaire, EXCEL, SPSS and factor analysis test was used. The results show that the spread of second homes in the studied area in the Villa building and economic and social aspects of sustainability and environmental causes - physical has led to instability. The most important factor of instability in the region is the contamination of soil and water resources and climate. Finally, to improve the status quo are a few suggestions.

The development of second homes means a favorable development of both tourism and second homes along with improved service quality in all dimensions of life in the touristic destinations and also the satisfaction of tourists and locals from the tourism process. Any planning attempt for the development of second homes requires the principles to be identified in order to guide and lead the second home development planning process. Recognizing the effective principles should be based on scientific studies and the experience gained in this area so as to reduce the negative impacts on one hand and on the other hand, to maximize the positive effects of second homes. This study attempts to provide proper requirements in the development of second homes using a heuristic method in identifying the principles required for such a development. The results show that preserving natural landscapes, paying attention to the natural and social bearing capacity, protecting farmlands, respecting collective interests and participation of beneficiaries and managers in formulating the second homes development plan are the most important principles and criteria for the development planning.

During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural attraction such as beaches. Converting farmlands into residential construction encompasses a considerable economic interests and this is the reason why farmers are not eager enough to continue their previous agricultural activities. Coastal villages of Hssan Roud-Zibakenar in Guilan province are considered as one of the most impacted areas by second home constructions. Based on a documentary-comparative method, the present study has compared the first and second Rural Conductor Plans (Tarh-e-Hadi) of Zibakenar area to review the physical and spatial changes occurred at the last two decades. For better understanding of socio-economic motivations behind the spatial changes, a field work was performed and appropriate questionnaire were completed. The results of field work show that there is an increasing trend among rural residents to convert their farmlands into residential lots for construction of second homes. Such a process not only has changed the socio-cultural contexture of the area, but also has changed the rural landscape and the structural-functional characteristics of rural area.

Since one of the causes of changes in land use, tourism activities, especially the construction of the demands of recreation and second homes, rural leaders (the Council and Dhyaryha) can be efficient in the preservation of agricultural land., The paper is trying to determine the role of rural management in maintaining agricultural land with an emphasis on second homes in the zirtang syab rural district province, is the answer to this question: How have rural managers in the preservation of agricultural lands and villages are under tight actors? To answer the question of the cross-survey method was used and the method of data collection and analysis of information, documents, surveys, and field. According to the results, according to the following criteria: feasibility villagers to prevent the sale of agricultural land, give the seller the ground, in coordination with relevant organizations. .. can the role of rural managers to protect agricultural lands show.

This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test.

These days manpower as an unlimited source and as the focus of any development is proposed. Among these entrepreneurs is more effective role in economic development process. Research shows that positive correlation between economic growth and the number of entrepreneurs in a country there. Entrepreneur is a country that has a large number of commercial and economic incentives are stronger. This paper examines the impact of tourism as a second home on employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas Chahar Mahal va Bakhteari province (Case Study:Saman city, village of Cham Chang) and in a representative sample (n = 390) by Cochran, show that: -Contact Exists between the development of second homes and entrepreneurship.-Contact Exists between the development of second homes and indirect job opportunities.-Contact Exists between the development of second homes and create direct employment opportunities.

This study investigate the role of tourism second homes in rural economy diversification and improvement of creating job and income opportunities of permanent residents in the Hesar-e- Valiasr Dehestan. This research is applied; and the used method is analytical– descriptive. For data collection by the use of field studies، from a total number of 358 permanent households in sample settlements، 170 respondents were selected by using Cochran formula. For data analysis، statistical tests such as Wilcoxon، One sample T test، Kruskal Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. The results of the study shows a significant difference in diversification of rural economy in the periods before and after expanding second homes from the perspective of the respondents in the study area، so that the indicators of non- agricultural job creation and improvement of manufacturing infrastructures show the highest rate respectively and the index of job creation in were highly affected respectively and the index of job creation in agricultural activities shows the lowest. Furthermore، the result of the ranking of economic diversification indicators shows that the villages of Changureh and Esmaelabad had the highest and the villages of Abdareh and Qarabolagh are the lowest rank. Research limitations: The most important limitations of the research are: Low cooperation of some local authorities، the lack of information about second homes and their numbers in studied villages. Practical implications: According to research findings indicating the positive impact of second homes tourism development in diversification of economic activities in rural areas from the local residents’ viewpoints، it can be used as a tool to achieve sustainable development in rural areas، particularly in villages exposed to depopulation. Original/value: The importance of this research is to investigate the impacts of expanding tourism second homes in rural economic diversification in the study area. Therefore the research finding can be used in the explanation of the role of non- agricultural activities in and population maintenance in rural areas.

Among various types of rural tourism، one of the most important types is second home tourism. This article is going to analyse the effects of development of second homes as a consequence of tourism development in rural areas of Eastern Bandpay villages، one of the township of Babol countryside. Despite the growth of Second Home Tourism (SHT) in North of Iran، particularly over the past 2 decades، there are a few researchs about the nature of such effects. The main approach of the article is sustainable developmeant of tourism. It focuses on assessment of economic and social effects of tourism on the area. These include both negative and positive effects. The research has carried out on the basis of descriptive and exploratory method. The statistic population of the reserach are local people in rural areas، second home owners and rural managers and dicission markers. According to Cochrane Method a Sample Size of 60 participants has been chosen. The data have gathered by a questionnaire that had been made by authors. The validaty of the questionnaire has been estimated by chronbach method and was about 0. 8 which is reliable. For analysing the data we have used Spearman Correlation test and other descriptive methods by SPSS software. This research has been conducted in Babol district in North of Iran. So، in this article the negative and positive effects of second homes from view point of local communities and tourists and rural managers have been argued. The results show that tourism has had different positive effects on the economic and social aspects. It also shows that there are different ideas about tourism economic effects، between three groups of the research participatiants. Meanwhile there are the highest disagreement in the case of social effects. The research findings indicate that rural managers had the most agreement about tourism extension in the villages. In second level there is second home owners who admiredtourism as a means for rural development. However، despite their knowledge about positive effects of tourism، local people disagereed about tourism development in the current shape. They belive that this process of tourism development will demolish social structure of their village. Therefore، they emphasize on changing process of rural tourism development.