جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اجتماعی » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

The livable city is one of the new and effective concepts in the current city systems, which has found a worthy place due to its important and essential role in the evolution of the thoughts and ideals of the contemporary society. Considering the importance of upgrading and improving the living conditions in the central part of the cities on the one hand and emphasizing qualitative issues instead of just paying attention to quantity

This research was compiled with the aim of analyzing the urban livability of informal settlements. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was made up of citizens living in informal settlements in the 9th district of Shiraz. The statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using spss and pls software.

The findings of this research showed that the overall livability of the studied area is in an unfavorable condition. In such a way that the experimental average value obtained for its livability and dimensions was less than the average value of 3. Among the localities of the studied area, Sultanabad neighborhood had a better condition than other studied localities in terms of urban livability. Among the other findings of the research, among the dimensions of urban livability, the physical factor with a path coefficient of 0.418 has the greatest effect, which indicates that this factor must be strengthened first for the livability of the studied area. In the next rank is the social factor with a path coefficient of 0.288. In the third place is the environmental factor with a path coefficient of 0.284 and in the fourth place is the economic dimension with a path coefficient of 0.196.

The results showed the low level of urban livability for the studied area, and in this case, city officials can provide the basis for improving the livability of the studied area by applying and using the opinions of experts in the field of urban planning.

Nowadays, tourist and commercial centers are constantly expanding. These days, a grand project called “Iran Mall” has been constructed in District 22 of Tehran, which is a magnificent example of the capabilities of Iranian engineers using state-of-the-art technologies. It has managed to significantly change the appearance and structure of its surrounding area. One of the factors that has contributed to the recognition of this shopping center and attracting tourists is the organization of events and special occasions, which connects the tourism industry with the economy. This article examines the Nowruz event in Iran, its cultural and social activities, and its relevance to a commercial platform. The descriptive-analytical method, along with library studies and field visits through interviews, were used for this purpose, and the role of organizing such events in the formation of important tourist centers in Tehran was identified. Shopping centers have played a significant role in the development of social interactions and the improvement of urban life. Iran Mall, by utilizing large spaces, organizing multiple events, and providing diverse facilities, meets international standards. Even during the COVID-19 crisis, it played a crucial role in changing the use of spaces and solving societal problems. Overall, the completion and development of this cultural and commercial landmark, as an Iranian and Islamic symbol, has had a considerable impact on attracting tourists, despite some criticisms such as the lack of architectural coherence in the spaces.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the viability of Sari city and its neighborhoods and also the general assessment of the city in terms of urban viability (in four dimensions of urban viability, namely social, economic, viability and physical). The method used in this research to collect data are two methods documentary and field. The data collection process was done through a questionnaire tool and in order to analyze the information obtained from the questionnaire, a one-sample t-test was used. Findings shows in the social index, only the item of satisfaction with neighbors with an average of 3.37 and Sig = 0.000 had the highest satisfaction among respondents and it can be said with certainty that among the component of relations with neighbors, the highest satisfaction It is about satisfaction with neighborly relations. The study of environmental index and items related to facilities and equipment of Sari shows that among the items surveyed, only satisfaction with the gas network is acceptable and citizens with an average of 3.25 at a significant level of 0.035 Sig = their average satisfaction with Urban gas supply system have expressed. In the study of visual quality component, all items show that citizens are low satisfaction with urban design and map, vitality of neighbourhoods and visual beauty of the city and neighborhood, therefore that the average of all of them is reported to be about 2.5, which indicates a general weakness. It is in this component. Examining the various items related to the components of the economic index shows that there is a consensus among the respondents about the livelihood component in all items that they are not moderately satisfied with any item and we face a low level of satisfaction in all aspects of living. Overall, it can be concluded that among all the main components of bioavailability, in the social index of the sense of belonging to the city of Sari in the bioenvironmental index of green space and urban facilities and equipment, in the economic index of housing status among other components at a significant level 99% are above average.

Empowering means encouraging people to participate more in decisions that affect their activities, that is, providing space for individuals so that they can create good ideas and turn them into action (Evans,2010:234245) . So, with these intellectual and cultural revolutions in the village, the purpose of Futurology is to: first, address the present, is what shapes the future; secondly, thinking about the future plays the role of recognizing the situation, that is, helping people Detect yourself in the present and know where they are now. Thirdly, the results of Futurology allow individuals to measure their current demands with future demands. (Shaban,2013:69).

The present research is applied in a descriptive-analytical manner in terms of its nature and method. Information about the background of the research and the subject matter were prepared through documentary and library studies and inferential findings were made field by using questionnaires, interviews and visits. The statistical population of the study consisted of all rural households in Sistan region using aspermman tests and simultaneous regression in SPSS software to answer the research question. Also, GIS software was used to study the Futurology of scenario analysis and spatial analysis and drawing maps.

35% of respondents from villagers in Hirmand city, 15% of villagers in Hamoon city, 25% of villagers in Zahak city, 10% of villagers in Zabol city and 15% of villagers in Nimroz city; 76.9% of respondents were men and 23.1% Women have formed. Therefore, the villages of Karbask, Jazink and Jalali with average of 2.19, 1.94 and 1.88 have got first to third rank of socio-economic potentials Among economic indicators, early-stage occupations, handicrafts and low-interest credit loans with averages of 3.68, 3.55 and 3.39, respectively, are ranked first to third in economic empowerment of villagers in their livelihoods. Among the social indicators, social participation, existence of service centers - extension and financial and financial security with averages of 3.64, 3.9 and 3.7, respectively, with first to third rank in social empowerment of villagers in changing their livelihoods Are effective. Economic empowerment of villagers has a significant effect on changing the livelihood pattern of villagers. Correlation between independent variable and dependent variable is equal to 302/0 and the coefficient of determination is 551%, and this value shows that 55% of the changes of economic empowerment of villagers are effective in changing their livelihood pattern. And social empowerment of villagers also have a significant effect on changing the livelihood pattern of villagers The correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable is equal to 112 and the coefficient of determination is 0.031 and this figure shows that 11% of the social empowerment changes of the villagers is effective in changing their livelihood pattern.

Economic empowerment of villagers has a significant effect on changing the livelihood pattern of villagers. The promotion of a unit of economic empowerment strategy will improve the standard deviation of the standard deviation of the standard deviation of the standard deviation of the livelihood model, thus having a positive relationship. Social empowerment of the villagers also has a significant effect on changing the livelihood pattern of villagers. And promotion of a unit of social empowerment strategy will be enhanced by a standard deviation of standard deviation of livelihoods.

Urban segregation is a significant issue in most cities around the world; Because urban segregation causes a strong focus on poverty and the emergence of the lower classes, which in itself can cause the emergence, expansion or aggravation of many issues and problems in the city. According to the present study, these are the social space of educational and occupational groups in Ardabil. The research method is quantitative and its approach is descriptive-analytical. The data used in this study were prepared from the Statistics Center of Iran and are related to the 2011 census of Ardabil. The required data were analyzed in the form of a map using GIS, GeoDa software and spatial separation analysis. For this purpose, the extent of single-group separation between the upper, middle and lower classes of the city was first measured. The results showed that there is a moderate separation between the strata in the city. Also, by examining spatial statistics methods such as Moran autocorrelation index, mean of nearest neighborhood unit, general G statistic and K-Ripley test based on 2011 statistical data based on 1415 statistical blocks of Ardabil city, the results showed that Ardabil city is a centralized structure. And has a cluster. in a general overview of the results obtained based on the indices used, the spatial structure of the city is located in the north west and south - east and mainly consists of informal settlement zones, with the middle - out tissue and the backgrounds with rural backgrounds.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a sustainable human resources planning and management model in the Iranian petrochemical industry based on the future research approach. In terms of the objective, the current research is a type of applied and mixed quantitative and qualitative research, and in terms of the implementation method, it is a descriptive-survey type of research. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts who are the decision team in identifying the indicators and dimensions of the variables, which were used by the non-random (targeted) method and the snowball method. The findings of the research show that the sustainable human resources planning and management model based on the future research approach consists of four main dimensions (input, organization, process, output) and 15 components and 53 indicators. These findings were obtained in three stages from expert questionnaires, first stage Delphi technique and second stage Delphi technique. The results of the research indicate that in the design of sustainable human resource management model in Iran's petrochemical industry based on the future research approach, attention should be paid to the four dimensions of sustainable human resource management: input, organization, process and output.

Iran's rangelands face a critical state of degradation, posing threats of vegetation loss and soil erosion unless restorative measures are promptly taken. The dependence of numerous households on these pastures underscores the urgency of involving beneficiaries in rangeland restoration as a sustainable approach to natural resource management. This study investigates the impact of socioeconomic factors on the success of Rangeland Management Plans within the Baharkish Watershed, Quchan County, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Field surveys and questionnaire-based inquiries provided research data, analyzed using SPSS software and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to assess socio-economic influences on rangeland management plans. Findings indicate that the implementation of these plans has diminished conflicts and discrepancies among villagers, promoting a sense of social security. Furthermore, the pastoralist community views plan implementation as fostering increased awareness, strengthening local institutions, and encouraging participation in village affairs. However, the pastoralists do not attribute reduced livestock to rangeland management plans, indicating an absence of social conflicts in this context. Additionally, while the plans have stimulated regional development according to economic perspectives, they have not notably influenced investment growth in auxiliary projects, notably in education and healthcare sectors. Despite this, the plans have positively impacted the economic aspect by augmenting rangeland prices, facilitating growth, and initiating restoration efforts. In summary, the implementation of Rangeland Management Plans has alleviated social tensions, boosted regional development, and shown positive economic impacts on rangeland growth and restoration. However, further exploration is needed to understand limitations in auxiliary investment growth and the potential impact on pastoralists' job satisfaction.

Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated view and action that leads to solving urban problems and improving the physical, physical and environmental economic stability of a neighborhood in the region. Abad is located in Shiraz. The research method in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The results were performed by t-test, correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the independent variables of urban regeneration and quality of life. A rate of 0.76 can affect the quality of life of residents. Finally, suggestions were made to improve regeneration in the neighborhood.Urban regeneration is a comprehensive and integrated view and action that leads to solving urban problems and improving the physical, physical and environmental economic stability of a neighborhood in the region. Abad is located in Shiraz. The research method in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The results were performed by t-test, correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the independent variables of urban regeneration and quality of life. A rate of 0.76 can affect the quality of life of residents. Finally, suggestions were made to improve regeneration in the neighborhood.

One of the effects of the accelerated urbanization process is the growing number of cities as well as the transformation of rural centers into isolated urban areas; By upsetting the balance of spatial distribution of the population and planning, a great deal of social damage is inflicted on it. The annexation of the village to the city is one of the results of urbanism that has various desirable, undesirable social, economic and physical effects on the rural areas integrated in the city. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using extensive documentary and field studies, including the completion of a household questionnaire in Darkeh and Darband villages in the north of Tehran metropolis. The subject of the research examines and determines that economic and physical, social and environmental factors have been effective in the process of annexation of Darkeh and Darband villages to the metropolis of Tehran and are probably considered as effective factors in creating conflicts due to the annexation of rural areas to the city limits. They return.

In Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution, an attempt was made to provide maximum housing with an urban land plan. However, population growth and population flows along with economic trends in the following decades led to a large population of homeless people (especially in urban areas). In this regard, in 2008 (during the first term of Ahmadinejad's presidency), the Mehr housing project was implemented in Iran. Few studies in the field of pathology of Mehr housing have identified significant challenges in various fields. In the field of architecture, insufficient use of Iranian-Islamic architecture features and little attention to the use of identity indicators is a considerable drawback of Mehr housing. Also, in the field of social stability and in the form of indicators such as security, identity, sense of belonging, and cultural spaces, Mehr housing has not had the necessary efficiency. Therefore, in terms of the dimensions of residential quality such as economic and physical, cultural and physical, cultural and environmental, and environmental and physical, Mehr Housing has not been able to provide appropriate residential quality. In the implementation of the sewage project, shortage of educational and recreational units, urban space, asphalting of streets and provision of public spaces such as parks and ways to access units and street layout are facing challenges. Also, in terms of locating, studies have shown that the selected areas have not been identified as areas with priority and suitable for housing construction. In general, although comprehensive studies have not been conducted in the field of Mehr housing challenges of Sahand new city, considering the overall compliance of housing projects with the same structure and framework, it can be claimed that the set of economic, social, environmental and physical problems listed in the studies (in the cities of the country) can also be referred to the housing of the new city of Sahand.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and survey, and both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The study's statistical population includes the resident population of the Aftab complex in the new city of Sahand, which is equal to 945 people, and the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 273 people. First, the normality of the data was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the research questions, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were applied. The structural equation modeling approach was exerted using SPSS, MPLUS, and AMOS software to analyze the data. In this research, first, exploratory factor analysis based on principal component extraction and VARIMAX rotation method was applied using SPSS software to discover factors affecting the architecture of Mehr housing. Then, using MPLUS software, a confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the exploratory factor structure. In the qualitative method, in-depth interview method was used. The statistical population is 36 architecture and urban planning professors and experts in the East Azerbaijan Housing Foundation. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software. Responders' voices were coded using MAQXDA software and analyzed based on the method of structural equations and the alternative table.

The present study is related to Mehr housing architecture based on the physical-social dimension in the new city of Sahand, which the results showed that the index value (CMIN / DF) is equal to 3.85 which is desirable value for model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.999, which indicates the acceptability of this rate for optimal fit of the model. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is 0.000, which is acceptable due to being smaller than 0.05 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 1.000, and the parsimony normed fit index (PNFI) is 0.82, which all indicate the desired fit and approval of the research model. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all physical-social factors on the Mehr housing architecture are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 99% probability level. Comfort and security with a factor loading of 0.83 have the greatest impact on the housing architecture of the new city of Sahand. After that, landscape beauty (with factor loading 0.82), strength (with factor loading 0.80), privacy (with factor loading 0.79), facilities and equipment (with factor loading 0.71), location optimal (with a factor loading of 0.64), compatibility (with a factor loading of 0.56), accessibility (with a factor loading of 0.49) and culture (with a factor load of 0.11), respectively.

According to the obtained results, it is concluded that physical-social factors are influential in the satisfaction of Mehr housing residents of the new city of Sahand and there is a direct relationship between them. The results of this study are in line with internal researches such as Ansari, (2015), Imani et al, (2019), Barzegar et al. (2019), Pourahmad et al. (2019), Purdihimi et al. (2013), Pourmohammadi et al. (2014), Dashti et al. (2019), Hassanpour et al. (2019), and foreign researches such as Bentely et al., 2019, Boomsma et al., 2017, Duvier et al., 2018, Friesinger et al., 2019, Ramos et al., 2018.

Religious tourism, commonly referred to as tourism in the religion, is a form of tourism in which religious people (individually or in group) travel for pilgrimage, religious propaganda or cruise (exploratory). Hence, nowadays religious tourism has been considered in order to earn money as well as to preserve the cultural heritage. This article attempts to investigate the effects of the presence of non-Iranian religious tourists on various aspects of citizens' lives living in the Samen area of Mashhad. The research method in this study is applied and methodologically descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done based on library and field methods, and data analysis was done as descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (single-sample t-test and factor analysis method). The research population consisted of 118 households in Samen region, which according to the Cochran formula, 90 households were selected. The findings of the study show that the presence of foreign religious tourism in the Samen area of Mashhad has had one of its greatest impact with an average of 3.353 on the economic dimension of citizens' lives. Factor analysis results show that 6 factors are more than 1. Also, according to the cumulative percentage of variances, the total number of factors from 1 to 26 explains 51.59% of the total variation. The effects of foreign religious tourism on the Samen area of Mashhad after categorizing in factor analysis shows that "economic prosperity and job creation" in the region with 15.2% of variance are known as the most important factor. According to the findings, solutions such as creating suitable job opportunities, creating culture for maintaining social identity and reducing the negative effects of tourists' presence, suitable location for projects in the change of use and construction in the region, etc. are suggested.

Iran is seriously suffering from economic and social drought. Theoretically, this problem can be resolved by rebalancing the supply and demand of water through the development of supplied water resources and implementing serious water demand reduction programs. However, the current structure of Iran water governance system and the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the root causes of the problems erode at least some hope for lasting solutions to Iranc unprecedented water problems. Socio-economic droughts usually occur after a very long period of meteorological and hydrological droughts, causing famine, mortality, and widespread mass migration. This type of drought has many impacts on various economic aspects, and in particular specific types of economic products and commodities. The definition of socio-economic drought is a combination of the supply and demand of some economic commodities with meteorological, hydrological and agricultural components. The occurrence of this type of drought depends on the temporal and spatial processes of supply and demand for the definition of drought. The supply of many economic goods such as water, forage, cereals, fish and hydroelectric power depends on the climate. Due to the natural variability of the climate, water supply is sufficient in some years but in others it is not sufficient to meet human and environmental needs. Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for a particular economic commodity increases due to lower water supply than usual. The main purpose of water resources management and planning is to reduce the expected amount of failure of water supply systems or social-economic droughts. Socio-economic drought has various effects such as decreasing household income, reducing alternative sources of income, increasing hours and workloads, conflicting water use, food insecurity, food and malnutrition, reducing health and access to health services, reducing access to education. Brings unequal access to financial support services, increased rural migration, a sense of powerlessness, reduced quality of life, and reduced social cohesion. Therefore, in order to better manage and integrate this issue, economic, social and environmental issues must first be prioritized in terms of drought impact.
 

This study was carried out in Yazd province, located in the center of Iran between 0 ° C and 2 min to 2 ° C and 5 minutes North and latitude 4 ° and 5 minutes to 2 ° C and 5 minutes east of the meridian. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The required information was gathered by documentary method and by reference to valid sources and questionnaire. In this study, the required data and data were collected and analyzed from the census system of the country. The following components are considered to analyze the economic, social and environmental dimensions. A questionnaire with at least 150 samples was analyzed for validation. The target population in this study was randomly selected rural and urban households. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated based on Cronbach alpha for different economic, social and environmental dimensions using SPSS software. According to Friedman test, SPSS software was used to prioritize different dimensions components.

According to the calculations, the percentage of changes in area under cultivation decreased in all cases after the drought. Due to drought and reduced rainfall, the area under dry farming has been severely affected. The number of livestock utilization and number of livestock decreased significantly after the drought, with a decrease of 16% in sheep and lamb, 29% in goats and goats, 19% in cows and calves. Net spending in urban areas for the preparation of meat and fruits and vegetables before and after the drought has grown tremendously. After analyzing data for validation of a questionnaire with at least 150 samples, urban and rural households of the region were prepared. In economic, social and environmental indicators were determined. Finally, according to Friedman test and mean difference between different dimensions of ratings, economic index with average 2.75 rank followed by social index and then environmental index with average 1.87 had the lowest effect of drought.

(Times New Roman, 11 pt. Bold) In general, tackling the drought in Yazd province requires fundamental measures. One of the main policy challenges in Yazd province is the presence of low and irregular rainfall. In this regard, the improvement of water consumption in the agricultural sector can be improved, the implementation of renovation and refurbishment projects in the field of agriculture and gardening, and the implementation of agricultural operations in the water and agricultural sector. Other policies that can be applied include radical counter-desertification, development of water reservoirs, application of appropriate water reserves, utilization of new technologies, and development of long-term investments commensurate with physical capacities. Area. One of the underlying strategies to tackle this phenomenon is to utilize public participation and raise public awareness of drought. In general, due to the extent of its crisis and population growth in the region and climatic conditions of the region, dealing with drought in Yazd province requires careful and long-term planning. One of the basic approaches can be to conduct research and studies on the prevention, control and confrontation of drought consequences in order to provide more favorable conditions for controlling and reducing economic, social and environmental damages.

Community-based tourism is a tool for preserving natural and cultural resources, developing local community through empowering people. In this study, the role of macro variables in the development of community-based rural tourism in Guilan province is investigated. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical approach, which has been done with a sample of 770 rural people in Gilan province. Data collection tools in this research include: library studies and field research through observation and questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the villagers living in the villages of Gilan province. In order to increase the number of samples using Morgan table, 384 people were selected and in order to increase the level of reliability and reduce errors in the data, the number of samples was increased and 770 questionnaires were completed. According to the estimation, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.921. Also, in order to analyze the indicators, the path analysis model in SPSS software has been used. According to the research results, four economic indicators 0.380, environmental 0.348, social 0.207 and managerial 0.178 have the greatest impact on the community-based tourism development index, respectively.

Climate change refers to changes in the direction of the mean of climatic parameters over a long period of time. Changes in the limit values and averages of climatic parameters are important consequences of climate change. This is scientifically different from climate fluctuations. Climate fluctuations are periodic and the deviations of the climatic parameters indicate the average and can occur in different time periods, but climate change is a general and widespread fluctuation in the climate of a region; currently, global warming is seen as part of climate change. Attention to climate change in recent years has become increasingly important due to the economic, social, and financial consequences of weather events. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, human intervention in global climate change is undeniable, although some researchers still believe that some climate change is unknown and that the mere human impact of climate change should not be confirmed. But the challenge of climate change in recent decades is very different from climate change in recent decades, one is that human intervention in nature has increased and the other is the rapid pace of climate change that has made it difficult to adapt.Given that none of the research on climate change has comprehensively addressed this issue in Iran, it was necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the available resources, including the effect of climate change on hazards, hydrology, agriculture, urban and so on. Its effect is on the social and economic consequences that have taken place in Iran so far.This study was conducted using the library method and searching in authoritative scientific and research sources in relation to research on climate change in Iran and no data has been processed in it, so that the temporal and spatial changes of climate change over several The year has been studied and analyzed in Iran. It has also divided it into sub-sectors of agricultural climate, hydrology, urban, social and economic climate, and hazards based on studies conducted in various fields of climate change. First, keywords such as climate change and global warming were searched in reputable scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, SID, and the University of Tehran Library. In the next step, resources were categorized into separate study sections and different definitions of climate change. A variety of methods used to study climate change and the area under study were discussed, and finally the various conclusions were summarized and analyzed.Today, the phenomenon of climate change has attracted the attention of all researchers. Iran, as a region in the dry desert belt, has been strongly affected by the effects of climate change and therefore many studies have been conducted in various fields of climate change in Iran. The sequence is divided.The rise in border incidents in recent years has become a major concern for climatologists in recent years. The first effect of climate change is on atmospheric elements, especially temperature and precipitation. Therefore, it is important to investigate the changes in these variables in order to moderate the damage or adapt to the phenomenon of climate change.The World Water Organization emphasizes the need to research water resources, upsetting the balance of the climate system caused by rising greenhouse gases, and emphasizes the importance of studying the impact of climate change on hydrological parameters such as evaporation and transpiration. The country seems essential.One of the most important issues in the agricultural sector in recent decades, which has limited the production of crops, is climate change. This phenomenon changes the water resources of each region over time. It is essential to know the temporal and spatial fluctuations of meteorological parameters (such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc.) and its effect on the agricultural sector to manage water and agricultural resources and adopt appropriate strategies.Urbanization and urban development, along with population growth and the development of industrial activities and the wasteful consumption of fossil fuels, have greatly increased air pollution, with short-term and long-term disease exacerbating some climate fluctuations and environmental impacts, including changing time periods. Suitable in terms of comfort climate.In recent decades, the process of industrialization has accelerated dramatically. Population growth and the growing need for food have made the development of industries and factories inevitable, and this has made the phenomenon of climate change from a luxury issue a very serious one, at the forefront of negotiations between the leaders of large and small countries Is located.According to research conducted in Iran since the beginning of the global warming phenomenon, in general, the temperature is increasing and rainfall is decreasing despite high time and space variability. The temporal and spatial intervals of climate patterns have changed or their occurrence has been more or less than average. But extreme phenomena, such as drought, are more affected by climate change than others. This has weakened the Siberian low-pressure low and intensified the high-pressure side of the tropics. Although some studies have shown that rainfall increases in some areas, rising temperatures will increase evaporation and transpiration, and we will continue to face shortages of water resources in the future. As surface water levels drop and groundwater levels drop, dams will gradually lose their function, and the status of aquifers will shift from a critical state to a supercritical state, followed by the number and severity of events. Floods and droughts will increase. Increased evapotranspiration has increased the water needs of agricultural products. Although the length of the growing season has increased and the time of cultivation has changed, the effects of global warming and global warming have reduced crop yields. It has become a product, and food security, human health, and macroeconomics have been severely affected by water scarcity. In cities, too, climate change has increased air pollution, created a thermal island, and ultimately wiped out climate comfort. Climate change has also led to security and political disputes, mostly over water disputes. Regardless of the effects of climate on various projects, designers and experts are less successful in planning. A direct way to slow down global warming and climate change is to significantly reduce the use of fossil fuels and try to adapt to the effects of climate change, including increasing the intensity and frequency of droughts. Also, having knowledge and information plays an important role in the occurrence of protective and preventive behaviors against climate change. Finally, the results of evaluating climate change adaptation strategies based on social, economic and environmental indicators of water security show that in order to reduce system vulnerability in the coming period, while increasing economic water productivity in agriculture by increasing irrigation efficiency, agricultural activity will be reduced and compensated. Increase economic and social damage, service and industry activity.

The present article was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of factors affecting the socio-political participation of citizens in the implementation of sustainable development projects in urban areas. In this research, urban development of Arak metropolis has been considered as a case study. The statistical population is the employees of the executive bodies of Arak in 2009. The sample size was 361 people according to Morgan sampling table, which was selected by random quota classification. Data collection tools were interviews with academic experts and a questionnaire of executives. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through factor analysis and Cronbach's tests. Achieving a coefficient above 0.70 in both cases indicates the stability of their measurement. Methods of data analysis are: utilization of descriptive statistics, structural equation tests, Sobel test. In this regard, PLS software was used to test the research model and hypotheses. The results showed that each set of social, cultural and economic factors was mediated by socio-political participation with sustainable urban development. But there was no relationship between political factors mediated by socio-political participation and sustainable urban development. At the same time, the set of factors affecting sociopolitical participation has a positive effect on sustainable urban development, the model of this effect was also tested and presented.

The present study is descriptive-analytical and for the purpose of application. The main objective of the present research is to develop a combination of quality of life indicators for neighborhoods in District 2 of Mashhad. The required information was obtained from the municipality of Mashhad and the questionnaire was used. According to the population of Region 2 in 1395, which is 513365 people, according to the Cochran formula, 383 questionnaires were arranged. The questionnaire was completed after the preparation and implementation of experts' opinions by referring at the level of the studied sites. The required criteria were prepared and standardized in the form of spatial information in the GIS environment. Economic, social and access areas were selected as the main criteria for research and were identified for each of the following criteria. Subsequently, using spatial analysis and multi-criteria decision making model (ANP), the final quality of life index was derived from the integration of indicators. The results indicate a good quality of life in the central neighborhoods, and there are no marginal areas of desirable quality. It also increases the level of quality of life in the vicinity of the recreational centers and follows the spatial patterns. Part of the margin of the agent's neighborhoods, the martyr Basir and Hedayat, which are the marginal areas of the study area, are not in the best of all three territories; and other neighborhoods due to easy access to public services, including health services, training, and facility focus Modern welfare has a better quality of life than other neighborhoods, of which 11675700 square meters, which is equivalent to 30 percent of the area of ​​the study area, has a very good quality of life. Also, sites that are very low in terms of economic and social indicators are moderate in terms of access. In the following, the results of spatial statistics tests (spatial spatial correlation and J statistics) indicate the distribution of the cluster model of quality of life. In other words, quality of life indicators do not have the same spatial distribution in the study area.

Cultural tourism is one example of the alternative tourism. the approach of the "social life cycle" among the latest operational tools for assessing socio impacts of sustainable development and its effectiveness in the field of tourism is considered and cultural tourism destination has been exposed for the first time under the present article. The strategic goal of this research, which is based on the combination of documentary and survey methodology, is to analyze the stakeholders’ viewpoints regarding the sustainable socio-economic effects of the cultural tourism development in Masooleh town, as well as to recognize the extent of the difference in the importance order of the impact categories on the overall index of the social life cycle. The results indicate that, in general, the effect of tourism on the impact categories of the social life cycle is positive from the stakeholders’ perspective and, in the meantime, the importance of "governance" has influenced the most rather than the rest of impact categories in the overall index of the social life cycle, also, there are correlations between the impact categories of the social life cycle destinations and the correlation coefficient of the "working conditions" is higher than other dimensions in the Masooleh

Urbanization expansion and increasing urban population especially in developing countries with horizontal growth of cities have increased the need for land. This need especially in mountain countries such as Iran that its main part of smooth lands located in river beds, has been extended to flood zones inevitably. Mianeh city like all civic centers of Iran in past is located alongside water resources such as rivers. Today, increasing urban population and physical expanding of cities have increased the need for land for future physical development. This study aims at analyzing spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. This study according to aim is a scientific research and according to quiddity is a causal-adaptive research. Data were collected by 300 questionnaires and T-test and Chi-square were used to test hypothesis. According to these tests, there is a meaningful relationship between family average income and spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. Family with low income cannot afford to buy house in safe regions. Thus, they settle in accidental areas and family with high income settle in area far from flood hazard. Lack of paying attention to urbanization principles and criteria of choosing location has caused 28/8 hectare of Mianeh city area to be located in hazard Zone of Quri Chay River. Lack of paying attention to riverside and constructing residential places in riversides lead to river bed limitation and rising water level and finally causing many damages in flood courses.