جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خاطرات » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The memoirs of the Qajar era, whose formation and development are closely related to the arrival of modern manifestations in Iran, began and developed with the pen and expression of male narrators.In these works; women do not play a role as an independent subject But Sardar Maryam Bakhtiari's book; as a first female memoirist of the Qajar era, is a different work. The main issue of this paper is the analysis of Maryam Bakhtiari's memoirs, based on Farklough's critical discourse analysis approach, in order to find out how generic roles are represented in this work. Therefore, by using the three main topics of this theory in text, discourse practice and social practice, it can be analyzed that this book, contrariwise the traditional discourse, emphasizes on the roles and being of women in the society and the necessity of according them importance. Also, other obtained results of the research show that her book has gone beyond the field of discourse confined in tradition, in this regard, through combining generic actions in the form of language with feminine feelings, Sardar Maryam has gone beyond her interdiscourse texts and created a different text. Which produced a construction of thought beyond her era.

Oral history is a relatively new method in historical studiesthat tries to record the memories, observations and hearings of an activist or witness of a historical event in a verbal format using audio and video recording tools. Inside Iran, in the last few decades,a lot of memoirs have been produced in this genre. “From Naziabad to Qasr Prison” is one of the most recent examples of oral history published in Iran, which is dedicated to the oral memories of Dr. Mohsen Beheshti Sarsht, a researcher, university professor, and Iranian politician. In addition to the general introduction and description of this work, this note has tried to find the salient and distinguishing points of this book from other similar books in this type of historiography and to provide a book review note to the audience as much as possible. The author believes that reasons such as avoiding “central person” and “central narrator”; focusing on portraying the political, social and cultural environment of the society at that time; Avoid slogans and ideologies; The honest tone of the narrator and the appropriate and appropriate use of language subtleties such as irony and... has turned this book into a valuable and readable text that arouses the audience’s sympathy and companionship and compels him to reread the history of two sensitive decades of contemporary Iran.

the memory-based personal lifewriting has been a historical- literary genre consists of writings with realistic narratives of the past, in recent decades. some researchers, have turned to research on this writings goals, types, structures and methods, to understand what and how they are. but these efforts have not been successful in achieving a clear and desirable result. one of the factors of this defect seems to be the multiplicity of semantic implications and ambiguity in recognizing the common and basic concepts in the the memory-based personal mifewriting' square. The multiplicity of semantic implications about basic concepts personal mifewriting is so that even includes three basic and common concepts of "Khatere", "Khatere- newisi" and "Khaterat" . So, we can not find same statements of the researchers and even from the one. understanding of "Khatere" as an originally subjective being, a creature with an objective construction, a kind of writing, a writing based on personal narratives, in the sense of the verb, meaning an event, a slice of life and a range of human knowledge, shows that this concept has multiple meanings. "Khatere- newisi" also has many ambiguous connotations, including the act of writing memories, one of the types of writing, and the general meaning of recording the events of an individual's life. Also, "Khaterat" is not very definite. So that expresses various concepts in the collection of memories, a account of life, as well as a genere of . It seems that only through the recognizing the memory-based personal lifewriting, we can take steps to remove the existing ambiguities and clarify the implications of the concepts of this field of modern knowledge.

Life writing has been a most common historical-literary trend in Persian writings in the contemporary period. Persian Life Writing as a general genre consists of the different writings. All of them contain a realistic account of the life of Iranians. Life Writing of Memory Includes "Single- emory'', "memoir", "autobiography" and "personal history" . in this paper, we focused on the "memoir". a memoir is a type of memoir-based personal writing that describes human life in writing, about only the most prominent part of his/her life and experiences. Memoirs are often written by celebrities, politicians, the military, and those whose jobs and careers are very effective. in memoirs, the order of time and continuity of events are observed, and they are accompanied by an emotional and personal arc, if they are successful. the similarities between memoirs and autobiographies are such that even in the West, their distinctions are not properly recognized and observed. while skilled critics and writers note that in an autobiography, the author is the target; however, in the memoir, the goal is not the author himself, but the event / events of his life. after studying hundreds of life writings, the author realized this common type and decided to to present the most important sub-types in the following article, while introducing and expressing outstanding features.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of Bakhtiari women and their problems and injuries in Beebee Maryam-e- Bakhtiari's Memoirs as the main research tool. Research Method was historical-analytical and documental. the findings are got compared to other related texts and Finally, explaned and analysed. This study has evaluated the problems and injuries of Bakhtiari women, many of which have been raised in the context of Maryam's infant life.The findings of this study indicate that: According to the evidence presented by Beebee Maryam, women in Bakhtiari patriarchal society have faced numerous problems. The lack of inheritance, the illiteracy of the majority of them, and the lack of emancipation were the general problems faced by Bakhtiari women, in Maryam's view. Also in marriage, women have the least rights and there is no guarantee of their happiness or even the smooth release of the difficult life.

The social, biological, and economic impacts of droughts depend to a large extent on the readiness of farmers to respond to them, and farmers' actions in turn influence how they perceive drought. Farmers' perceptions are one of the prerequisites for facing the drought crisis, so that integration of people's perceptions of drought into the policies and planning of water resources management is essential. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to analyze farmers' perceptions of drainage basin of Urmia Lake (Miandoab County) and its effects and consequences. The study population consisted of farmers in Zarrineh Rood and Simineh Rood catchments. The purposeful sampling was done by snowball method. Required information was collected through in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions with farmers and data analysis was performed using directional content analysis and MaxiKoda software. The results showed that most farmers consider drought to be a climate phenomenon, although some also attribute it to the wrath of God, the destructive behaviors of some farmers, and the mismanagement of officials. Farmers expect anxieties about the future, aggravation of drought and drought, and an increase in the devastating effects of drought and cost savings, the use of advanced irrigation systems, drought-adapted crop cultivation, storage and optimization of consumption. Water, giving up, relying on God and getting help from religious institutions, and migrating to the city are some of the things that work to combat drought or reduce the effects of drought. The results of this study can help implement appropriate interventions to increase farmers' resilience to drought.The effects of drought vary from region to region, and these impacts can be addressed in water, agriculture, food security, and adaptive measures. Droughts lead to a series of social and economic impacts that increase vulnerability by decreasing crop yields, unemployment, asset erosion, reduced income, inadequate nutrition and reduced risk-taking capacity. However, the social, biological, and economic impacts of future droughts on area agriculture largely depend on how farmers in the region prepare for it and how they respond to droughts. Farmers' actions, in turn, are influenced by how they interpret drought. Therefore, understanding the effects of drought requires understanding human understanding. Perception refers to a range of beliefs, judgments, and attitudes. And people's perceptions of climate change and its effects can be very different. Farmers' perceptions are one of the basic prerequisites to facing a drought crisis, so that people's perceptions of water and drought are integrated into policymaking. The results show that farmers' perceptions of the effects of drought include reduced crop yields, migration, malnutrition, declining health and education, education, desperation and destruction of rangelands and forests. The study of drought perception in the Ugalala aquifer studied experiences, memory, definitions, and expectations as explanatory factors for farmers' perceptions of drought. It affects the environment as well as human responses to environmental conditions that affect people. The study of environmental perception is based on the assumption that behaviors are influenced by subjective images of the environment, attitudes, goals, feelings, and beliefs. Experience is an important factor that shapes people's perceptions, and previous experiences of poor chapters are recalled by memories.Drought is one of the most dangerous natural disasters and is a priority in frequency of occurrence over other natural disasters and needs more attention in decision making. Consequently, in the last few decades, developing and even industrialized countries have been attacked by drought. Iran is located in one of the driest regions of the world and water scarcity is one of the most important obstacles in the process of its agricultural development. Iran is responsible for one third of global average rainfall due to being located in the global dry belt. According to research conducted in the country, the direct effect of the damage caused by the reduction of every 1 millimeter of rainfall is 98 billion rials, so that many of the damage caused by this phenomenon is still irreparable. Remains and severe damage to the body of rural communities. This has sounded the alarm for the rural community, and given the scarcity of water resources and uncertainty about the future, there is increasing pressure on farmers to make decisions about how to manage resources and address challenges and challenges. The future of their business makes them. The drought crisis has left important rivers at risk of drying up completely. In addition to reducing rivers, the water resources of many lakes and wetlands have been either drained or drastically reduced. Lake Urmia is one of those. Changes in Lake Urmia's ecosystem in recent decades have had adverse effects on its surrounding areas. Increased rainfall, threat to wildlife, health and health problems, loss of tourist and tourism values, endangered agricultural lands and gardens, loss of rural livestock, degraded soil quality, severe drop in groundwater table, Evacuation of villages and migration to urban areas and social anomalies are among the effects that have imposed enormous economic, social and environmental costs on rural residents around Lake Urmia. Therefore, Lake Urmia faces the serious threat of shifting to irreversible conditions whose impacts are gradually expanding from biodiversity issues to socioeconomic issues and their impacts on the livelihoods and health of communities are visible. One of the major challenges identified is the significant share of the agricultural sector of Miandoab with 214,000 hectares of water resources in the Zarrinehrood and Siminehrood catchments, which in the past accounted for more than 5% of the water resources of the Urmia Lake catchment. But now it is facing the risk of drought. English Drying of two rivers of Zarinehrood and Siminehrood, which is one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake Basin, has severe environmental, social and economic impacts in terms of lowering the level of income from activity Agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, reduced employment opportunities, reduced levels of participation, social trust and cohesion, reduced job diversity, reduced economic diversity, land salinization, increased economic cost of production, reduced production, rural migration and increased unemployment.

To be successful today, tourism destinations should not focus solely on providing services, but must identify and provide experiences that differentiate them from other destinations and thus offer a competitive advantage. Today the focus of businesses has shifted from products to services and then to experiences. Provision of memorable experiences is an important factor for tourism destinations' success. Tourists expect satisfying memorable experiences and such experiences can benefit destinations by encouraging loyalty. Due to the changes in the consumer consumption patterns, the most valuable marketing tool for destinations and tourism businesses is the "experience" which they provide to tourists. Tourism service providers found provision of attractive memorable experiences necessary as a new marketing strategy to ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty. If tourists value the travel experience at a high level, tourism destinations can expect loyalty and word-of-mouth advertising to help sell their products. In this new point of view, tourists are allowed to actively construct their own travel experience through personalized interaction with the environment, thereby creating unique value for themselves. Memory impacts choice of destination. The memorability of a tourist’s total experience can be sufficiently powerful to motivate tourists to visit a specific destination and/or tourism service provider. Research papers show that tourists like to revisit destinations linked with positive memories of previous visits. Considering the limited studies discussing the impact of travel memories on tourists’ behaviour, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of tourists' experience on their memories, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in Shiraz.

The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation according to data gathering method. Statistical population of the research included domestic tourists visiting shiraz. To achieve the goal, 384 questionnaires were distributed among domestic tourists in Shiraz, in places such as Saadieh and Hafezieh, of which 318 questionnaires could be used. The sampling method applied was simple random sampling. First, the study used SPSS to process the descriptive statistics and reliability analysis of the collected data, and assessed the demographic profile of the sample and the internal consistency of the constructs. In the data analysis phase, the normality of the data distribution was tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Partial least squares (PLS)-based SEM was used in this study to test the structural model and hypotheses.

According to demographic analysis of the population studied, the sample included 183 men (% 57.54) and %50.3 of the participants was 20 to 30 years old. Descriptive statistics showed that the tourism experience, memories and tourists' satisfaction are in a good position since their mean value were 3.18, 3.39 and 3.01 respectively which is higher than 3. However, the mean value for tourists' behavioral intentions was lower than 3(2.91). The standardized regression coefficients of the impact of tourism experience on memories and satisfaction were 0.739 and 0.512 respectively. The R2 coefficient of memories and satisfaction were 0.546 and 0.605 respectively which means %54.6 of the variance in memories and %60.5 of the variance in satisfaction is predictable from the tourism experience. Moreover, the standardized regression coefficients of the impact of memories and satisfaction on behavioural intentions were 0.199 and 0.322 respectively and %58.8 of the variance in behavioural intentions is predictable from research variables. Since all t-values were higher than the critical t-value (1.96), null hypotheses were rejected which means paths are meaningful. In other words, hypotheses of the study based on the research conceptual model are confirmed.

Tourists enjoy having new experiences during their travel. Tourist experience can be defined as an interaction between tourists and destinations in which destinations are the site of the experience and tourists are the actors of the experience. To be successful, tourism destinations should not only provide high quality services, but should also recognize and provide experiences that distinguish the destination and provides it competitive advantages. The experience provided to tourists is one of the most valuable marketing tools. If tourists evaluate the experience offered by the destination as highly acceptable, then positive word-of-mouth advertising helping tourism businesses sell their products can be expected. This study explored tourism experiences and their impact on the memories, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions of tourists in Shiraz. The results of the study show that: 1-tourism experience positively influenced tourists' memories, satisfaction and behavioral intentions and has a direct and significant effect on them, 2-tourism memories significantly affects satisfaction and behavioural intentions of tourists, and 3- satisfaction of tourists has a significant effect on their behavioural intentions. These results indicate the widespread effects of the tourism experience on creating positive tourism consequences for the city of Shiraz.

War is a socio-cultural phenomenon when after bullets came and went in the war the various incidents happening should be noted because they are full of the signs and meaning. So finding the meaning of it is very necessary. One way to find out how these events unfold is to look at the lived experiences of war soldiers which is narrated in the form of memoirs of this phenomenon. Literal texts which have been created in this case are one the most important references for showing and interpreting such event. For this purpose we refer to the literal productions in which the lived experience of a volunteer activist participating in the Iran-Iraq war is recorded and documented in a work called “Long lived Kamil” with his written narration. In this study, we used Clifford Girtz's interpretive theory and chose the type of qualitative studies to capture the concepts. Using the method and technique of qualitative content analysis, we classified the information and finalized the interpretation. The results of this study show that war is not just a battle of bullets, but Rather, the lived experiences of the actor on the battlefield is full of emotions and meanings that are created and displayed in accordance with the time and place of his life event which we will become more familiar with in the main text of article.

Life Writing has been a most common historical-literary trend in Persian writings in the contemporary period, for the last 150 years. Persian Life Writing as a general genre iconsists of the different writings. All of them contain a realistic account of the life of Iranians. They are all written in two general methods writing the memoir (memory- based) and writing the daily (daily- based). So we have many sub- genres as biography, autobiography, travel writing and personal letter. But their number and variety has increased in recent decades. Life Writing of Memory Includes "Single- emory'', "memoir", "autobiography" and "personal history" . the recognition and classification of the first one is the subject of this paper. ''Single- emory" is the only memory that appears in the construction of writing. is the core of all types of memoirs and short cuts of the life, with these characteristics: Show in the moment, compactness, wonder, unity of impact, time and place. ''Single- emory'' Shows a single screen, Unlike the memoirs, autobiographies, and personal histories that display a collection of personal circumstances, statements, behaviors, and observations. They are the result of collecting Single-memoirs, which mostly there are similarities between them in terms of subject, time and subject. Furthermore, they are often provided through the other person/ persons. These collections are divided into several types in terms of various aspects mentioned in this paper. This article has been written in content analysis method by examining hundreds of Persian Life Writings.

The present study aimed to compile the defense thoughts of the Supreme Leader with an emphasis on his memoirs in the field of defense - military. This explanatory research is applied in terms of objective, which is carried out qualitatively based on the interpretive paradigm. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the statements and letters of the Supreme Leader in the Hadith-e-Velayat software from 1989 to 2017. The research strategy is based on grounded theory. Using this method, 692 statements containing memory and 1078 concepts and codes related to defense thought were obtained all of which were implemented within 17 themes and 73 dimensions in the form of a structured paradigm of grounded theory. According to the results, the concept of “God-centeredness” is the central category of his defense thought to in connection with which all other categories find meaning. Causal conditions creating God-centeredness include guidance of authorities, clerics and seminary (institution of religion) and the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (institution of politics). Grounds and underlying factors include people-centeredness and characteristics. The categories of conscious defense in soft warfare, powerful armed forces, general and all-round mobilization, jihadi management, self-sufficiency, and independence, recognizing the enemy, proactive organizing and defensive warfare, and optimal commanding are considered as central strategies for action and interaction in defense thought to establish the God-centeredness, which is influenced by the categories of foreigners (America, etc.) and internal and external enemies as intervening factors in the strategies of interaction and action in this paradigm. The consequence of action-interaction and God-centeredness strategies will eventually lead to the victory and the establishment of a new Islamic civilization, power, and national authority. The position and relationships of each of these themes are presented in the form of a specific paradigm model and six related theorems

New historicism is one of the interdisciplinary approaches which use history as a Text to show the hidden layers of events. The memoires of Ezzat Shahi is a Narrative of resistance and combat of an individual who was trusted by many groups fighting against Pahlavi's regime. In this historical Narrative, interaction and confrontation of the regime and reproduction of rival Quasi-discourses are presented in three periods: Pre-prison, inter-prison, and after the victory of Islamic Revolution. In this study, the above-mentioned Work is investigated in two classifications of macro and micro and in six sub-levels. Findings show that this Work with an atomistic view to the field of Oral history of Islamic Revolution, make a discursive classification, as well as describing the Hegemony and the Dispersion of sovereignty, the intergroup dissolution of opposing forces, and finally the fragmentation of Iranian society in 40s and 50s. The narrator to configure ideological relationships of power describes the political behaviors of litigant micro-discourses. This book with the use of intersexual and appended historical documents (explanations of the editor).presents signs and quality of power formation In other section of this research shows contrast, contradiction, vagueness telling, and ideological constraints of litigant powers in the context by examples

This article seeks to examine the aims of publication the prison memoirs of individuals and political groups during the Pahlavi regime. One of the main functions of publication the communists memories in Reza Shah's prison was the propaganda for the benefit of the Tudeh Party. The memoirs also were a manifesto against the regime and delegitimize it. The Pahlavi regime also published some jail memoirs in support of its ideology and interests with attracting some prisoners. The memories of Pahlavi regime prisoners after the Islamic Revolution have also been published with the aim of delegitimizing the regime, legitimizing the revolutionary groups and delegitimizing the counter-revolutionary groups. In their representations of imprisonment, storytellers have standardized the behavior of their own groups as "normal" and rejected their "other" in various ways. The publications of memoirs have a function in "Political Post-Revolutionary Events Now" and resulted in the elimination of some individuals and political groups.