جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Knowledge » در نشریات گروه « علوم پایه »

Development and progress of human society is rely on research and the application of its principles in educational-scientific fields. Research is one of the most important tasks of universities in order to find and provide solutions to solve problems and obstacles in the society. Students play an important role in research and production of scientific documents, and this is the reason why universities have moved from education only, which is known as first-generation universities, to second-generation universities or education combined with research. Student research committees in the second generation universities play a vital role in the development of research, they identify interested students by establishing a relationship between faculty members and students, creating friendly research groups, research camps and show them the way. Which may be a kind of research talent search. Due to the importance of the mentioned cases, it is necessary to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of students towards research in medical sciences universities. Because the first stage is the formation of research beliefs and ideas in the university and during the student period. The knowledge, attitude, and research performance of students in the field of health and treatment can play an effective role in the field of public health policies, providing health services, as well as the efficiency of the trained forces to fulfill their mission. This study was conducted to investigating the knowledge, attitude, and performance of students towards research in the Health Faculty of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences in 2022.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted cross-sectionally on all undergraduate students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health. The sample size (N) was equal to 200 people, and due to a series of restrictions and lack of necessary access to students, 164 of them were participated in this study. To conduct research, the code of ethics (IR.HUMS.REC.1401.133) obtained in the Faculty of Health of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Then a standard questionnaire was applied to investigate students' knowledge, attitude, and performance towards research. The data collected via a questionnaire consisting of four sections of demographic characteristics, knowledge assessment, attitude, and research performance of students. Wrong answers were given a score of zero and correct answers were given a score of 1. The ranking of the students' knowledge based on the obtained score was as follows: 1. Poor level (0-7), 2. Average level (8-11), 3. Good level (12-15). In the attitude section, each question had a score between 1 and 5. In this study, scores of 15-34 were considered as poor attitude, scores of 35-59 as average attitude, and scores of 60-75 as good attitude. In the functional questions section, each question had a score between 0-3. Based on the results, scores of 0-10 were considered as poor performance, scores of 11-20 as average performance, scores of 21-30 as good performance, and scores greater than 30 as excellent performance. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (T-Test, ANOVA, etc.) at a significance level of p<0.05 in SPSS V25.0 software. In order to describe and analyze the data, frequency distribution tables, graphs, index of central tendency (mean, median and mode), and dispersion index (variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and their range) are used.

Among 164 studied students, 29 (17.7%) were male, and 135 (82.3%) were female. The information of students participating in the study showed that 85.4% of students were single and the rest were married. The largest number of students participating in this study (36%) are related to the field of environmental health engineering, and other fields are 23.8%, 20.7%, and 19.5%, respectively, related to the fields of public health and occupational health engineering, and biology and vector control. About 72% students lived in dormitories. The relationship between each of the three parts of students' knowledge, attitude, and research performance using Pearson's correlation (at a significance level of 0.05) indicates a correlation of 0.325 between knowledge and attitude, a correlation of 0.334 between knowledge and performance, and the correlation was 0.285 between attitude and performance. The relationship between each part of students' knowledge, attitude, and research performance with their educational level (average) was also investigated. It was observed that there was a positive and significant correlation (0.193) between students' GPA and their research performance. The analysis of the relationship between the variables of gender, marital status, residence status, membership in the student research committee, and field of study using the T-Test showed that the knowledge of girls was significantly higher than that of boys (p<0.05) but in the field of attitude and No significant difference was observed between boys and girls. Regarding the marital status, no significant relationship was observed between the knowledge, attitude, and performance of single and married students. Statistical analysis and examination of the data obtained from the performance of the studied students according to their living conditions showed that the non-dormitory students had a higher average than the dormitory students (p<0.05), but there was a significant difference between their knowledge and attitude. There were no dormitory and non-dormitory people. Dormitory people had a weaker performance than non-dormitory people, which can be due to reasons such as the psychological effect caused by being away from the family environment, the lack of access to free time due to the creation of friendly meetings in the dormitory environment. It should have suitable facilities and space for studying and conducting research. In the study conducted by Izadi et al. at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, there was a significant statistical relationship between the level of attitude and the place of residence of people; So that the students living in the dormitory had a better attitude about research, which is contrary to the results of the present study.The knowledge, attitude, and research performance of students who were members of the student research committee were higher than other students. Regarding the field of study of the students, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the average score of knowledge (0.032) and performance (0.014) of students studying in different fields of study at the undergraduate level. The results of the ANOVA statistical test on the relationship between students' knowledge, attitude, and performance with the students' academic year showed that, in general, the average scores related to knowledge, attitude, and research performance increased with the increase of the academic year, and therefore the difference There was a significance between students working and studying in different academic semesters (p<0.05). These results are consistent with the findings of Ghafornia et al.'s study (2004) in Isfahan. In a study related to chiropractic students in England, the attitude of 76% of these students towards research was investigated. In this study, the final year students' views on research were significantly different from the first year students and they had a more positive attitude, which is consistent with the results of the present study. In addition, in a study that was conducted in connection with the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in order to investigate their knowledge and attitude about research, the attitude of students in lower educational levels towards research was positive compared to postgraduate students.

Based on the results, it is necessary to find ways to overcome the obstacles faced by students and motivate them to participate in research. Faculties of medical sciences can by updating their curricula and focusing on research-oriented activities, teaching research methods and research empowerment of students, allocating time, developing spaces, facilities, budgets, and research opportunities, forming and Expanding student research cores, assigning supervisors for student research, encouraging and persuading faculty members to participate in student research, provide research experience for all students in faculties of medical sciences. What is certain is that efforts to comprehensively evaluate this issue and to find ways to overcome the existing obstacles can lead to an increase in the participation of students in various fields of medicine in research.

Due to the performance of all stages of imaging processes with ionizing radiation by radiology technologists, they have an effective role in controlling radiation and preparing quality images. In this regard, their knowledge and job skills are necessary to create images with appropriate quality along with the minimum amount of radiation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the level of knowledge of radiology technologists about the parameters affecting radiation dose in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. 

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire including demographic characteristics of technologists and questions related to the level of knowledge designed by the researchers of the study, with the participation of 94 radiology technologists in the radiology centers of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. Data were analyzed using using SPSS 24 software and ANOVA and two independent samples t-test.

In this study, the average self-assessment score of the respondents in all areas of knowledge and skills of radiologists is 75.67 and 67.15%, respectively, and therefore at the desired level. The highest knowledge score was related to choosing the appropriate radiation conditions and the lowest scores were related to how to work with the PACS system. According to radiologists, knowledge of radiography techniques and skills in it is very important. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender and knowledge score and type of employment and skill score so that the level of awareness in women was higher than men and people with contract employment gained higher awareness scores.

The results of this study showed that the level of knowledge and skills of radiology technologists working in radiology departments of Ahvaz is acceptable. Holding in-service training courses and continuous evaluation of radiologists and providing the necessary conditions to access up-to-date scientific information for them can be effective in optimizing the quality of images and doses received by patients.

Magnificent is that Almighty who is the light of the heavens and the earth and whose light covers all places. He is before all things and superior to all things and the revealer of all things. Light means brightness, which is actually the appearance of itself; therefore, it makes everything bright and visible. For the human mind, light is understood in comparison to darkness, just as a lamp of light breaks the darkness, and the color and shape become visible. Looking at it from any angle, the sun provides not only the light of the planet earth but also its light and heat are the source of life.The light of truth is from the nature of the Lord of existence, and it flows and shines according to His will; it passes through many veils, it becomes denser and with less light, until in this world it is in the form of sensual light that our minds perceive it to be manifest. Therefore, light has levels, and each class or realm is from which the lower layer flows. For example, we can describe the moonlight passing through a window and hitting a mirror; the mirror reflects it to the ground. The light that fell on earth can be regarded as the world, which anyone who observes it directly realizes its origin, which is the moon, but not forgetting that the moon''''s light is also sourced from the sun. There is no conceptual or mental way to imagine heavenly lights, but one must meditate on their meaning to catch fire. Our eyes can''''t even stare at the sunlight, let alone the sky''''s lights! It is therefore necessary to have another eye, which has been called by various names in the texts, depending on each individual''''s experience, such as the heart eye, the soul eye, the wisdom eye, etc., with each level considered for each of them. The light of truth that Lord will shine on our souls is the light of knowledge, which reveals everything in our status and position, both in our souls and horizons. Let''''s find out the layers of the heavens from the nature of light and the status of each human being with the value of light and know the capacities so that we can understand the concept of justice, which itself is from the nature of light. But is there a light of truth in this world? Is there a way we can follow to polish our lamp of existence into a glass reflecting the true light? Piety guides human existence towards the sublime lights that show the truths of the heavens and the earth and what is between them. By focusing on the light of truth, mystics choose obedience and only look at the world if they see divine light before, between, and after everything and take advice from every scene. Almighty shines the light of guidance, and every person or object benefits according to their capacity and ability. In this world, there is nothing except manifestations of that world of light; therefore, man must meditate on the manifested light in order to understand that corridor of truth light.

Knowledge and awareness related to the risks of contracting diseases caused by contaminated food is essential in the development and improvement of lifestyle. Students are an important element in the healthy population of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general knowledge about food health and safety, improve and enhance the self-efficacy of lifestyle of students in educational centers of Kermanshah province as part of the target population of Iran. Using a descriptive-analytical questionnaire of questions in three sections, to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of students in Kermanshah educational centers in two different genders and fields of study (N= 400), about food health and safety as an essential biosafety approach was investigated. The level of information of biological science students with 76.7%, 83.9% and 80.3% respectively compared to non- biological science with 58.25%, 74.4% and 76.25% and in women with 71.1%, 82.8% and 80.6% compared to men with 63.85%, 75.5% and 75.95% had a significant difference in knowledge, attitude and practice, respectively (P<0.05). Therefore, holding training workshops and determining courses in this field can be useful.

Focusing on sustainable development in societies and the increasing development of creative and cultural industries provides an opportunity to revive and reproduce knowledge and skills, products and services. Nowadays, paying attention to and applying indigenous knowledge and skills in economic, social, cultural and environmental fields is considered as an important issue because expanding the use of indigenous products, in addition to reducing environmental costs, will strengthen the sense of self-confidence and reliance on domestic resources.The desirability of indigenous knowledge and skills in the process of sustainable development has been approved, and in this regard the successful application of agricultural knowledge and techniques in industry can be cited as a clear example.Market development, Flourishing of production, consumption of creative products and services, are considered as very important factors in reviving indigenous knowledge and skills. Therefore, by adopting policies and mechanisms of incentives and effective contribution of government, the private sector and public institutions, indigenous knowledge and skills can be turned into economic, social and cultural opportunities.

Misbehavior of farmers when preparing pesticides can lead to environmental degradation, including surface and groundwater pollution, and the destruction of living organisms in the water; therefore, it is necessary to explain farmers' behaviors regarding the use of chemical inputs on the environment and humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental behavior of farmers in Moghan plain (Ardabil province) in the use of pesticides. This study was a descriptive-correlational research, and in terms of data collection, it was a survey research. The statistical population, includes all farmers of irrigated farms in Moghan Plain (2017-2018) (N = 9996). Sample size was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table and by multi-stage sampling with proportional assignment, 400 persons (n =400). The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was verified by subject specialists and university professors and finally approved. Reliability of the research tool was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The findings showed that farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward environmental protection, totally. Correlation analysis also showed that there was a significant relationship between farmers' environmental behavior with attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center, agricultural experience and spray experience.  According to regression analysis, four variables of attitude, knowledge, the village distance to agricultural service center and records of spraying, explain 57.1% of the variance level of environmental behavior of farmers in applying agricultural pesticides. Considering the relationship between attitude and knowledge on the environmental behavior of farmers in the use of agricultural pesticides, attention to the implementation of the theory of the process of transferring innovation (knowledge, attitude and skills) in the form of agricultural extension and education programs in the research area can play an important role to improve farmers' environmental behavior.

Representing 50% of the total population, women play an important role in house management and economies, as well as training future generations. They also have a valuable contribution and positive impact on environmental conservation and management. Accordingly, this study has been designed to address this issue. This research with an applied goal has a group descriptive- survey methodology. Zanjan’s female population is selected as the statistical population of this study which was conducted. According to the Cochran formula, 400 women selected as representatives of the population. Nonprobability-convenience sampling was conducted and both library and field methods (questionnaire tool) applied. The questionnaire validated and certified using content validity and its reliability estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis of research done by applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The results revealed that improvements in level of education of individuals would lead to increase in environmental knowledge and conception of society, i. e. regions with higher welfare and income levels more accurately follow the environmental issues. It can be argued that urban limits and span areas do not necessarily coincide with the levels of environmental knowledge of people posing a challenge on the way of environmental issues and popular training goals.

The bulk of the existing environmental problems are rooted in the lack of awareness and cultural weakness in the relationship between human and nature, and it is, in fact, a kind of cultural problem. Since the institutionalization of environmental culture and education begins in childhood, the pre-school period can be one of the most important periods of educational and cultural investment in the context of the environment. The goal of the present study was to assess and evaluate the impact of educational courses on the attitudes, and environmental knowledge and skills of students who are getting a major in Growth and Training of pre-school children in the University of Social Welfare and RehabilitationSciences,who teach pre-school children to protect the environment.

To achieve the intended goal, 55 senior students of Growth and Training of pre-school children in the University of Social Welfare and RehabilitationSciences were selected by convenience sampling method.Three questionnaires were used to assess attitudes, knowledge, and skills about the environment and related issues. Data were ana lyzed using Paired-Sample T-Test in SPSS software. A 25% mathematical logic was used for categorizing final scores of
each scale.

Validity of the used tools was investigated by content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio and their reliability were assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (internal consistency) and intra-class correlation coefficient (reliability during the time). According to the results, all three tools had accepted validity and reliability.Cronbach’s alpha values of attitude, knowledge, and skills were 0.702, 0.881, and 0.951, respectively. ICC of the three variables was calculated 0.665, 0.721, and 0.734, respectively. The results revealed that holding an educational course caused changes
in the level of attitude (t=2.39, p=0.023, Eta2=15.2), increase in the knowledge level (t=13.31, p<0.001, Eta2=84.7) and increase in the skills of students (t=6.90, p<0.001, Eta2=59.8). According to descriptive results, it was revealed that before the intervention about 45.5% and after the intervention, 75.8% of subjects had positive attitudes towards the environment. It was also clear that before the intervention, 60.7% of the subjects had some and after the intervention 84.8% had high knowledge about the environment. It was also clear that before and after the intervention, 36.6% and 87.9% of the subjects, respectively,became highly skilled on environmental matters.

According to the results, holding an educational course had the most impact on the increasing of environmental knowledge, then environmental skills, and finally, changing attitudes. The results of this study showed that holding environmental education courses can improve the attitude, knowledge, and skill of students.

Currently, scientific advances are accelerating, and human society is facing with data and information explosion and the importance of knowledge, innovation and discovery in the creation of wealth is constantly increasing. Recognition of creative teaching practices and methods of discovery and innovation are the most important issues and challenges in the teaching and learning process in educational and research centers. In this article, with the question of “Is it possible to shape a creative and discoverer human by education?” Different levels of education have been explained and knowledge-based teaching as a creative education using human experience in language teaching and inspiring nature as the best creative teaching methods have been introduced. Finally, in answer to the question of “How big discovery happens and what the relationship of it with creative education?” Various types of discovery methods, including question-based discovery, serendipity and accidental discovery, logic and reasoning, imagination and dreaming, biomimetics and nature-based discovery, beliefs, and planed based research are introduced and their effective relationship (their effective link) to creative education has been studied and emphasized.