جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آسیب شناسی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mindfulness are two commonly used interventions for targeting cognitive processes related to emotional pathology.

The current research is applied and quasi-experimental. The population was students aged 19 to 26 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Among them, 60 healthy college students were selected through a purposive sampling method according to the stress, anxiety, and depression scale and were randomly assigned to 4 groups. In this study, we examined how tDCS in combination with mindfulness influenced the anxiety reactivity to induced rumination. All populations received either active or sham anodal tDCS to DLPFC or active or sham cathodal tDCS to the IPL, delivered either in active or sham mindfulness meditation. anxiety was assessed 5 times across the study. To collect data, the Spielberger State-Anxiety Inventory was completed by each participant. In the end, the data were analyzed descriptively by mean and standard deviation and inferentially by mixed variance analysis.

The between-group analysis revealed that after a single session of tDCS combined with mindfulness meditation, there were no significant differences in anxiety scores across the five stages. However, the within-subject analysis indicated significant changes in anxiety levels across the five assessment times.

Concurrent single sessions of tDCS and mindfulness in the form of a body scan did not create a significant difference between the groups in any of the anxiety assessment times. However, with the continuation of mindfulness in the form of focusing on breathing, there were significant differences in the level of anxiety response compared to the previous stage

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomas in multiple organs and an unknown cause. This chronic inflammatory disease is heterogeneous in terms of manifestations, duration, and severity. Although its aetiology is not well understood, there are indications of the genetic basis and the involvement of specific microorganisms and vitamin D in the development of this disease. Sarcoidosis can affect individuals of any age; however, it is more commonly observed in young adults and middle-aged subjects. The clinical course of the disease is unpredictable; nevertheless, in general, it can manifest as pulmonary, cardiac, cutaneous, ocular, skeletal-muscular, neurological, and renal involvement. Pulmonary involvement occurs in most patients and respiratory failure is the most common cause of death associated with sarcoidosis. Although numerous biomarkers have been evaluated in recent decades for patients with sarcoidosis, the diagnostic method is complex and no single diagnostic test can confirm the disease. Future research should focus on the combination of biomarkers and more refined imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). By utilizing these techniques and markers, it may be possible to design diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Corticosteroids are considered the mainstay of treatment for most patients. Moreover, novel therapies, including the administration of rituximab and repository corticotropin injection (a combination of adrenocorticotropic hormone analogs and other pituitary peptides [RCI, Acthar® Gel]), have been reported to be effective in some cases.

Strengthening the functions of health research and taking a systematic approach to the development of science and technology are essential for overcoming current challenges in health sector. Therefore, the functional pathology of current research plays a crucial role in highlighting the gap between what is and what should be, thereby illuminating the path of scientific development in health sector with a focus on current challenges.

In this study, interviews with experts, review of documents and conducting an expert panel were used. The method of data analysis is qualitative analysis with a framework analysis approach. A total of 32 experts were selected from heads of research centers, experts of the national innovation system, science and technology policy, health policy, graduate students and faculty members, senior researchers, NGOs and international experts. A review of relevant national and international documents has been done to strengthen and analyze the findings. The content analysis of the findings of two phases was carried out with a framework analysis approach and was presented in an expert panel consisting of representatives of the interviewees. The results of the panel were analyzed and to draw the future triangle consisting of the weight of the past, the push of the present and the pull of the future.

The findings of the study have been analyzed in the framework of the future triangle, including the weight of the history, the push of the present, and the pull of the future. The weight of the history and the push of the present were identified and analyzed in the form of past and present challenges of the health research system in seven main functions. Including stewardship and leadership, coordination of research and policymaking, translation of policies and upstream documents at the operational level of research, resource management, performance evaluation and monitoring, human resource empowerment, and evidence-informed policymaking. The pull of future includes the need to draw a coherent national macro image with a forward-looking, participatory and transparent approach, in which attention is paid to the management of conflict of interests, coherence in resource management and strengthening of intersectoral collaborations.

The main solutions to address the current challenges in the country's health research system include agreement on concepts, a unified vision and stable procedures, strengthening the relationship between different levels of management (inter-ministerial, ministerial, and university), enhancing education and research at the level of medical ministry and universities, establishing appropriate structures for knowledge translation, strengthening national funds supporting the research, reforming the evaluation system, and undertaking a fundamental review of human resource empowerment model.

The impact of human resource management is very important in the success of hospitals in providing quality and safe services. Currently, the status of human resources management components is assessed through the accreditation program in hospitals. This research was conducted along with the pathology of accreditation standards, aiming to present a human resources management model in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences hospitals.

This research is applied and exploratory in terms of its purpose. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the selected statistical community of the employees and managers of the hospitals of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in 2022 using a questionnaire. To analyze the data, open coding, axial coding and selective coding, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-sample T, Kendall's coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations were used by SPSS version 25 and PLS version 3 software.

The model presented in the study includes three dimensions (structural, behavioural and contextual), 84 components and 13 indicators. There is a direct and meaningful relationship between the dimensions, components and indicators of the human resources management model of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences hospitals. In examining the fit of the model, the quality of the structural model of the research was evaluated as strong.

The functions of human resources are related to each other based on the components of each of the three structural, behavioural and contextual dimensions. In addition, indicators in the field of human resources can cause the growth and development of the working forces in hospitals. Managers of hospitals should have a correct analysis of their structural situation and organizational framework to better understand possible damages to it.

Implementing holistic health, the development of spirituality, and Islamic morality in society requires theory-based spiritual health services. The health system needs to provide spiritual health care in the spectrum of health and disease, at all levels of prevention and throughout life. This study aimed to explain the pathology of Iranian spiritual health services to design targeted measures to shape a desirable future.

This Islamic futurology was conducted in 18 months based on the Manteghi et al. model in three stages: 1) Analytical phase:non-systematic review of evidence with PRISMA protocol by searching for religious and scientific evidences during the last three decades in scientific databases and analysis of 32 articles based on Walker and Avant conceptual analysis model; 2) Interpretive stage: based on the personality theory and pathology theory of the Sound Heart model; 3) Intuitive phase: by content analysis of data obtained from interviews with 25 national experts. To check the strength, accuracy, completeness, and possibility of logical understanding of the findings, in addition to Morse et al.'s suggestions, two specialized panels were conducted in the Spiritual Health Department of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

The challenges were listed in three sections: 1) Research field: lack of jurisprudential supervision of research, lack of use of religious evidence by academics, preparation of religiosity assessment questionnaires, lack of theorizing; 2) Educational field: lack of spiritual health education in the university, lack of training of spiritual mentor professors, lack of spiritual health textbooks; 3) Clinical services field: lack of standards for spiritual health services, lack of assessment of competence of spiritual caregivers, neglect of spiritual needs of people, neglect of spiritual self-care, lack of implementation of theory-based spiritual care.

To design the ideal future of spiritual health, it is recommended to prepare clinical standards, -to train mentor professors, to implement competency-based longitudinal training, and provide theory-based spiritual health services by a qualified and licensed treatment team.

Staff training in organizations is a measure for developing human capital. The pathology of this process needs to be assessed to understand the current situation and solve the challenges and limitations.

This study aims to assess the pathology of the training process for the incident command system (ICS) staff of hospitals in Guilan Province using the three-pronged approach.

This is a qualitative-quantitative study. The study population in the qualitative phase included experts in the hospital ICS. In the quantitative phase, the study population included all ICS managers and staff in the Guilan Province hospitals (n= 548). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative phase. For data analysis, MAXQDA software, version 2020 was used in the qualitative phase and SPSS software, version 26 was used in the quantitative phase.

The results in the qualitative phase showed the extraction of 55 open codes, 25 axial codes, and 6 selective codes in the form of three domains of processes, context, and structure. The results in the quantitative phase showed that among all the domains, the process domain-related factors with a percentage of variance (impact) of 0.262 were more harmful than context- and structure-related factors in the training process.

The pathology assessment based on the three-pronged model is an effective method for determining the training priorities for the hospital ICS staff. The use of this model during a crisis can be an effective step for identifying shortcomings to solve them and take appropriate measures for the ICS staff training.

Background &

Social issues and harms caused by rapid changes in human societies are essential issues that have always occupied the minds of sociologists and thinkers. Children and teenagers are one of the most vulnerable groups in today's society. Working children are all people who are under 18 years of age and are directly or indirectly involved in earning money. The theory of social pathology is more reliable than the theory of social disorganization to explain the problem of children. According to this statement, it can be said that the working children of the poor marginalized classes have not been able to adapt in the face of social changes in Iran. It seems that the increase in working children is due to the adaptation of deprived families from the process of power, wealth, and dignity in an unbalanced society. The mutual influence approach is valuable for understanding specific images about children. In general, the importance of working and street children in the city due to the lack of social abilities and skills to correctly and dynamically face the social environment and their dependence on adults to meet their needs and go through the stages of their growth and development is more than other groups. It should be noted that this social phenomenon is understood as a part of the general structure of society. Today, child labor is more prevalent in developing countries of the world. Millions of children are working at a young age to support themselves and their families. Children work in different forms in factories, mines, farms, and different service sectors. Their work is part-time, full-time, seasonal, or permanent. Child laborers receive their wages in various forms of money, some of them do not receive money for their work, and in return for their work, they receive little housing and food. Institutions such as family, education and religious institutions, government, and mass media under social changes cannot fulfill their obligations towards socialization and normalization of children and adolescents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the expansion of child labor in Sari City.

This survey study was approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1399.142 in the Code of Ethics Commission of the Islamic Azad University of Babol branch. This research is of applied type and descriptive-correlation branch. The statistical population of the research includes all the working children of Sari City and the statistical sample was selected based on Cochran's formula, 200 people. In this research, multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling were used.

To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests were used with spss24 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of the research variables and its dimensions was more than 0.7. In this research, by using inferential statistics, the relationship between the variables of weak social cohesion, class inequality, inequality of access to public services, weakness of support programs, and breaking of social norms and working children were measured, and the relationship of all variables was confirmed.

According to the theoretical issues and theories of the current research and the results obtained from the current research and the previous research that has been done in this field, it can be said that various micro and macro factors are involved in the formation of the phenomenon of working children, including At the macro level, they can be pointed to economic and class inequality, lack of support from organizations and institutions, and marginalization, and at the micro level, they can be the family's cultural poverty, family breakdown (parents' addiction, parents' divorce, parents' death, (they are going to prison) and being physically abused by their parents, which brings with it social harms, including children turning to deviant jobs, delinquency and engaging in risky behaviors. Child labor has an internal contradiction that goes back to the two concepts of play and belonging to the world of adults and play to the world of children. This definition refers to the excessive exploitation of children by rich people in the early period of industrialization. In the past, children participated in food production and services. The results showed that these variables of weak social cohesion, class inequality inequality of access to public services weak support programs, and breaking social norms have a significant relationship with working children.

Considering the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the increased incidence of malignancy of this gland, the present study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics and pathology results following surgery in patients with nodular goiter and referred to the endocrinology clinic in Hamadan, Iran.

This study was conducted as case series from 2011 to 2021. All patients diagnosed with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy according to the indication and whose pathology was benign or malignant were included in the study. The patients' information was collected by reviewing the files, which included demographic, clinical, and pathology results. The data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 26), and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.

Among the 507 patients studied, 88.2% were female, and 11.8% were male. The mean age of the patients was 41.93 years. Pathology result was malignant in 57% of cases and benign in 43% of subjects. Most patients with malignant pathology were under 35 years of age, and those with benign pathology were older (P<0.001). Most patients were in stage I of the disease; nonetheless, males compared to females were significantly in more advanced stages of the disease (P<0.001).

Thyroid nodules are very common, and their incidence is increasing. Considering the nature of malignancy, the good prognosis of these nodules, and effective treatment, early diagnosis of malignancy assumes critical importance.

The role of moral education in the growth and excellence of individuals and societies has been discussed in different human religions and teachings have been introduced for it, the attention of the divine books and prophets and thinkers in every nation and nation towards moral values with The existence of moral capacities in any society depends on the religious resources of that society. This research seeks to explain the harms of moral education and provide appropriate strategies and solutions from the perspective of the Holy Quran to deal with these harms.

The method of conducting the research is descriptive-analytical and by referring to library sources and searching in virtual space.

The findings of this research show that the harms of moral education include individual, social and educational and propaganda systems and are affected by the role of individuals, society, educational and propaganda institutions, media, government and governmental institutions. And the Holy Qur'an, as the only divine book that is not distorted, has appropriate instructions and solutions for these injuries.

The educational methods of the Holy Quran are based on attention to the humanity of its audience, and with a detailed understanding of human requirements, it has irrefutable teachings for the harms in the field of education, especially ethics, that learning and observing them is the best way to remove harm from moral education.

Social issues and harms caused by the rapid transformations of human societies are important issues that have always occupied the minds of sociologists and thinkers. Accelerated social changes such as rapid population growth, the rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization, rapid migration of masses and migration to big cities and marginalization of megacities, increase in social inequalities and the class gap in megacities, transformation in The construction and functioning of the family, the collapse of traditional patterns and norms of behavior and the increase of social tensions have caused unfortunate social consequences in the urban life of societies. Children and teenagers are one of the most vulnerable groups in today's society. Working children are all people who are under 18 years of age and are directly or indirectly involved in earning money. In general, the importance working and street children in the city due to the lack of social abilities and skills to correctly and dynamically face the social environment and their dependence on adults in meeting their needs and going through the stages of their growth and development is more than other groups. Institutions such as family, education and religious institutions, government, and mass media under social changes cannot fulfill their obligations towards socialization and normalization of children and adolescents. Functioning as a city, the consequence of such inabilities is to abandon and even send children and teenagers to the unsafe and anxious environment of the streets of big cities. The entry of children into the road is mostly due to the unfavorable conditions of children in disorganized and broken families, child abuse in the family, and running away from home. In some cases, street children are considered to be the result of poverty and the inability of children's families to meet their living expenses, and street children are part of working children. Sometimes, a set of family factors such as divorce, lack of guardianship and mistreatment of children in the family, and economic problems are known to be effective in the emergence of street children. The phenomenon of street children, which is referred to as an urban tragedy, is a common social problem in the metropolises of contemporary societies, both in industrialized and developing countries, with the difference that the incidence of this phenomenon, the grounds, and factors of its spread And the way to deal with it is different in different societies according to their economic, social and cultural characteristics. The work of children on the street is a serious problem in the capitals and many big cities of the world, especially in developing countries, but it is difficult to accurately estimate the number of street children and the difference in how to define and classify the children who live on the street. Child labor is a global problem and has a broad research background. Although according to the statistics of the International Labor Organization, since 2000, the number of children working in the world has decreased to two-thirds, it still includes around 168 million children, of which 85 million are engaged in risky work. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the factors affecting the mental and psychological pathology of working children in Mazandaran province.

This survey study was approved by the code of ethics IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1399.142 in the Code of Ethics Commission of the Islamic Azad University of Babol branch. The statistical population of the research was made up of working children of Sari city, who were selected as a sample of 200 people based on Cochran's formula. The sampling method was a multi-stage cluster and random sampling. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire has 60 items that measured the number of injuries by working children in Sari city in 2019. Each item was graded on a five-point Likert scale from one (very little) to five (very much). The number of items in each component of the questionnaire made by the researcher for the components of the feeling of objective physical security was 15 items, the feeling of objective verbal security was 7 items, the feeling of mental security was 8 items, the family breakdown was 6 items, sense of parental responsibility was 10 items, social support was 4 items, child labor was 11 items. Construct validity, which is the most important part of validity investigation in this research, was obtained through Cronbach's alpha in Spss24 software, based on which the coefficient of research variables and dimensions for social support components was 0.855, sense of responsibility of parents 0.836, sense of security 0.884, the family breakdown was 0.799, and child labor was 0.879, which indicated the high reliability of the questionnaire components. To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with Spss24 software and confirmatory factor analysis of the second stage with Amos25 software were used.

Demographic descriptive results showed that out of the total of 200 people in the sample measured in this research, 110 people equal to 51.8% are girls and 90 people equal to 48.2% of working children are boys. There are 169 children, equivalent to 84.5%, in peddling, 20 children, equivalent to 10%, are engaged in deviant jobs such as garbage collection, etc., and 11 children, equivalent to 5.5%, are engaged in vaccinating on the street. . Also, 111 people, equal to 55.5% of the children working on the street, stated that they were verbally and physically abused by their parents. Among these children, 110 people, equivalent to 55%, are illiterate, and 70 people, equal to 35%, have primary education, and only 20 of them, equivalent to 10%, were studying. In this research, the relationship between the variables of verbal and physical violence and parents' sense of responsibility, the sense of objective and mental security, family disintegration, and the injury of working children were measured, and the relationship of all variables was confirmed.

In general, based on the results of the research, it can be stated that the family and the consolidation of relationships between family members is an important issue in preventing the phenomenon of child labor at the community level, and it is necessary to change variables such as parents' sense of responsibility, family breakdown, and support. Social issues should be taken into consideration and parents must pay attention to the important issues of child-rearing before getting married and having children to reduce the phenomenon of working children at the community level. One of the limitations of the current research was relying on the data obtained from the self-report questionnaire, in this style of information collection, the participant will probably have difficulty in expressing his emotions and cognitions, so it is suggested to increase the statistical power and reliability of the findings to collect information from methods Other than an interview or qualitative study. The results of the present research can be generalized and applied in different situations by considering the mentioned limitations. It is also suggested that the officials of counseling centers consider training courses for couples and affected families so that their children do not get involved in issues such as street work. Among the limitations of the current research was the difficulty of coordinating and establishing communication with the participants, which was time-consuming. Another limitation is that the current research was conducted at this point and place. Perhaps, if it was conducted at another point in time and place, different results would be obtained.

Document and comprehensive health plan was compiled with the focus of the province's Health and Food Security High Council and the participation of public institutions and organizations in a five-year period. Therefore, this study conducted based on systemic view to deal with the analysis and implementation of the document.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2022 with content analysis method in Yazd province, Iran. This study included the evaluation of the progress of the province's comprehensive health plan with the aim of identifying the province's health problems and solutions and providing suggested interventions for the next 5 years. Participants were selected purposefully using the snowball approach. The data was collected via semi -structured interviews. After conducting 25 interviews with managers and experts, the data saturation was achieved. The data was analyzed using qualitative MAXQDA12 Software.

The content of the interviews was categorized into 8 main categories and 44 subcategories. The common problems of the province in the ten priorities as well as the proposed interventions for the better implementation of the compiled document were identified according to the role of each executive body.

Reforming the governance system is one of the key prerequisites for the implementation of the comprehensive provincial health plan of the Yazd Province, Iran. The implementation of the document requires the establishment of an expert team that is exclusively focused on the implementation of the document and with sufficient authority to monitor and evolution the performance.

 Oral lesions can affect people’s quality of life by interfering with chewing, swallowing, and speech. These lesions may originate from epithelial or mesenchymal tissues. Malignant oral lesions can be life-threatening. Epidemiological data of oral lesions in Iran is limited.

 This study aims to investigate the frequency of oral lesions in Rasht, Iran.

 In this cross-sectional study, histopathologic data of oral lesions reported by Razi laboratory in Rasht from 2015 to 2019 were evaluated. The data collected: Patients’ age and sex, histopathologic findings, and location, type and origin of lesions. Non-specific diagnoses and dental and bone lesions were excluded.

 A total of 259 pathologic reports were included. The mean age patients was 52.09±19 years, and 40.2% were male. Oral lesions in patients aged <40 years were mainly benign (64.2%), whereas half of lesions in patients ≥70 years were mostly malignant. Tongue was the most common location of the lesions (34.7%) and the main location for malignant lesions (46.7%). Benign lesions were significantly higher in females whereas malignant lesions were significantly higher in males (P=0.011). Epithelial tissues were the most common site of origin (49%) and salivary glands were the least common site of origin (11.6%) for oral lesions.

 Malignant oral lesions are more common in Iranian men aged >70 years, where the tongue is the most common site of involvement and epithelial tissue is the main site of origin.

Medical resources are directly related to health of society and the book as one of the main sources has great importance. This study has been conducted to investigate pathology of medical sciences books publishing status and also identification of content, cultural and technical production challenges of these books in Iran from the viewpoint of publishers.

The present study in terms of purpose, approach, and method is applicable, qualitative and phenomenology. The research tool has been semi - structured interview and community were publishers of medical sciences books in two sections academic (Five) and private (eight) publishers. The interviews continued until the data saturation stage (13 interviews). First, open and axial coding was performed, which finally extracted 402 codes and then was categorized into 74 categories, which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

The field of content production faced the most important challenges (53%), in which policy making absence (24 repetitions, 16%), no domestic high percentage of medical publication (23 repetitions, 16%), and the lack of expertise in medical publishers (11 repetitions, 7%), were declared by publishers. The problems of cultural production were in the second place with 39% and respectively include specialized and costly editing of the book, the lack of professional referees and the lack of structured review rules with 22 repetitions equivalent to 46%, 8 repetitions equivalent to 17% and 6 repetitions equivalent to 13%. The challenges of the technical production sector are reflected with a number equal to 8% of the total problems, which include the problems of raw materials printing and publishing (11 repetitions, 48%), lack of printing and publishing technology (5 repetitions, 23%) and the lack of technical expertise staff (3 repetitions, 13 percent).

According to the findings of this study and the revealed funds of damages in the medical publishing industry, it can be concluded that many publishing challenges in Iran are rooted in general policies, rules and culture. Therefore, more serious attention to the professional field of medical publishing from the government and unbiased policy making in order to divert the concerns of publishers can solve many obstacles and difficulties.

Sports is one of the important human activities that has existed in almost every human society. Mankind has been familiar with this phenomenon for different ages and each civilization has a special approach to it. The thinkers of educational issues in the past realized the valuable aspects of sports and their great power in human socialization and normalizing and building a balanced social personality. Sports achieve success in the light of its compromising factors with other systems within the social system; because sport is one of the typical aspects of the social system and a complementary part of the social context, and it is affected by all the factors and aspects that make up this system. Therefore, the weakness of the economy undoubtedly affects sports; as the confirmation and non-support of religion from sports, it leads to weakness. Also, education and advertising, which is the sports system, should be adapted to them if it wants stability and success. Championship sports are one of the important pillars of sports development in the country. The development of championship sports in every country is a prerequisite for success in world competitions and the Olympics. In the past few decades, the competition between countries to win medals in international competitions has intensified. This has led the governments and sports organizations of countries around the world to increase the number of dedicated funds for championship sports. To achieve international success, the championship sports systems of the countries have become highly homogeneous and homogenous, and all of them follow almost the same systems. A championship sport is a sport that is defined to gain a ranked position and it is a competitive and organized sport that is performed according to specific rules and regulations to improve sports records and earn a rank with a medal. The responsibility of its support is on the non-governmental and private sectors with the support of the government, and its executive responsibility is on the non-governmental sector (federations and boards). As a reflection of the social system, championship sports have always had a strange connection with sports. The meaning of cultural development in championship sports is the expansion of norms, values, beliefs, symbols, etc. in sports, away from immoral issues and current common anomalies; Therefore, unlike the development of sports culture, which emphasizes increasing the participation of people in sports programs and paying more attention to the physical aspect, cultural development in sports includes all social, political, economic, identity and cultural aspects of sports. On the other hand, sports culture is a part of cultural development in sports. It can be argued that the research on the factors and criteria of cultural development in sports, especially championship sports, has received less attention or interest from researchers, educational institutions, and policymakers. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to the pathology of championship sports in the Ministry of Sports and Youth (a case study of the General Department of Sports and Youth in Fars Province).

The current research is mixed research based on the theory of mixed theory. The types of data are collected and analyzed in a combined manner. Therefore, both the survey technique and the in-depth interview technique are used in this research. Also, this research is a field study in terms of the type of dealing with the investigated problem and entering into it. Therefore, this research is carried out in two stages: the first stage with a quantitative approach and a survey tool on the managers of sports and youth organizations of Fars province and active athletes, and the second stage with a qualitative approach and an in-depth interview tool. Based on the type of data collected and its analysis, this research was quantitative and according to the objectives and the nature of the research problem in the direction of "behavioral pathology of championship sports in the Ministry of Sports and Youth", an inductive qualitative method was used. In this research, the statistical population studied was all active athletes and employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars province, numbering 500 people. To determine the size of the studied sample based on the theoretical foundations of structural equations, a minimum sample size of 200 is suggested. Despite this, a larger sample size than this number may lead to a higher chi-square and decrease the model fit. Therefore, in this research, a sample size of 200 people was selected as stratified random sampling. The tools used in this research were the championship sport pathology questionnaire by Nouri et al. managers (2017) and the researcher's sports championship questionnaire (2018). After that, with the help of the predetermined format, content validity and reliability were determined as 0.964 and 0.758, respectively. To explain, the data extracted from the studied tools were analyzed in Lisrel software.

The results showed that from the point of view of managers, the strongest relationship between the components and the pathology variable of championship sports is the structural component, and from the athletes' point of view, the strongest relationship between the components and the pathology variable of championship sports is the contextual variable.

In general, it can be acknowledged that from the point of view of the athletes, the most damage was related to the background factors in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Fars Province, therefore, programs to change individual and social beliefs and attitudes are on the agenda of the authorities. be placed Also, from the point of view of managers, the most damage is related to structural factors in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Fars province, therefore, changes in the components of structural factors are necessary. Organizational damage has a very broad concept that includes all internal and external aspects of the organization, which is considered a serious threat to the survival of the organization, and its timely detection is considered necessary for the maintenance and growth of the organization. Correct and timely diagnosis allows managers to always be aware of the current issues and problems of their organization and prevent them from becoming acute. Problems such as lack of interest of employees to work, lack of motivation, and ultimately the reduction of employee productivity, which leads to the reduction of organizational productivity, can be caused by inadequacies and damages in the system. There is employee performance management. The damages of the environmental fields are the damages that disturb the proper and correct relationship and interaction, or in other words, the timely and correct reaction of the organization with its neighboring environmental systems, and create a crisis in these relations. The relationship between structural, behavioral, and contextual factors is such that no phenomenon can occur outside of the interaction of these three branches. The relationship between these triads is a close relationship that is practically inseparable. In other words, there is no trinity between the three branches, but the trinity is the rule. Distinguishing and distinguishing these three aspects is purely theoretical to analyze and understand the concepts of phenomena.

As important as planning is for religious education, it is important to know the issues and its pathology. Possible harms in religious education will frustrate the efforts of educators; Therefore, recognizing the negative aspects of education is no less important than recognizing its positive aspects; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the current situation of religious education and its pathology in Salman Farsi Nokhbeghan Center as one of the most successful cultural and educational centers for students in the country.

In this study, the students and educators of Center with a descriptive-survey method and a questionnaire with 81% validity and 81.2% reliability from three perspectives: "Educational methods" and " "Educational Content" and "Teacher-Teacher Relationship" are examined.

The results of descriptive statistics show that the coach's relationship with the coach has been affected by injuries such as pessimism towards the coach, creating a spirit of self-aggrandizement and creating mistrust and hatred towards the coach. Educational methods have also been associated with stubbornness, hostility, loss of prestige, and hypocrisy in the educator. Also, educational content has been confronted with a negative attitude and pessimism towards religious content, learning to be biased in judging, creating instability in religious beliefs.

According to the identified harms, training-oriented collections should take action to correct the educational content, the relationship between the trainer and the trainer and their training methods.

The spiritual health of the society depends on the recognition ofharms and efforts to remove them from the arena of society andgovernment, and recognizing and rooting for social andgovernment harms or pests is as important as trying to build anddevelop a healthy society and government. is. The comprehensiveand complete school of Islam provides the most appropriate andefficient views and guidelines for all individual, social andgovernment issues and does not explain any issue without focusingon spiritual health. For this reason, saving the society and thegovernment from their pests is considered a fundamental andcrucial concern. This important issue has been clarified in Islamicsources and texts, including the biographies of the great Imams,peace be upon them. The purpose of this research is to implementthe views of Imam Ali (AS) in the direction of the spiritual healthof the Islamic government and society. Spiritual health is the maincourse of political and social development and transformation.Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in his biography and the valuablesources that are based on it, have paid great attention torecognizing the harms of the society and the government and thentrying to fix them, and have presented original ideas foradvancement and progress. The tyranny and arbitrariness of therulers, mismanagement and lack of thinking about the future, thearistocracy and specialism of the agents, the lack oftrustworthiness of the rulers towards the government, the lack ofobedience to the leader of the government, divisiveness, flatteryand flattery and the lack of ethics for the people in the society andFor the agents in the government, one of the most important andemphasized social and governmental harms in the life of that nobleImam. In this article, the most important components of thespiritual health of the government and political society in theshadow of social and political pathology, focusing on the views ofImam Ali (AS) and emphasizing two main and important harms;Due to their extensive role and effect in the direction of causingdamage in the Islamic system and the need to avoid them, in theform of "weakness of belief in the society and government" and"incumbency of unworthy managers and rulers" in a scientificapproach.

The aim of this study was to identify the harms of religiouseducation in order to provide a model of enthusiastic religiosity inhigh school students in the second year of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad provinces.

The method of the present study is appliedin terms of purpose and in terms of nature in the category of mixedexploratory research, which in the first part, qualitatively and withthe method of content analysis research; From the statisticalpopulation of teachers and education directors of the province, 18people (by purposive sampling method) were selected andenthusiastically participated in the interview process and theconstruction of a model of religiosity. Validity in the qualitative partwas satisfactory in terms of structural validity, external and internalvalidity, and its reliability was calculated by the method ofreliability and the opinion of an external arbitrator. In the secondpart, a descriptive exploratory factor analysis was performedquantitatively and by research method. The statistical population ofstudents was 320 people (using multi-stage cluster samplingmethod) and participated in the research process. The validity of thispart was calculated as a formal validity from the perspective of 5education experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach'salpha method / 78.

A total of 35 indicators were identified as harms ofreligious education among students. In the quantitative part, theseindicators were classified into 6 main indicators including personaland emotional-personal characteristics, cultural characteristics, lackof planning, family and friends, disregard for the phenomenon ofapostasy, and economic characteristics.

Most teachers and principals believe that insufficientattention is paid to adolescents and young people from religiouseducation and a high percentage of them are exposed to distancefrom religious teachings and apostasy. The attention of the officialsof the cultural institutions, the indifference and disregard of thesociety towards religion, the strictness of the parents in religiousissues and the incorrect filling of their leisure time as the factors ofapostasy among the youth were mentioned

The authorities of reputable scientific journals always welcome the pathology of these journals, but unfortunately, this is uncommon in the scientific community of Iran. Providing scientific articles in the Persian language is a requirement of the country's scientific development, and its prerequisite is the existence of quality Persian-language scientific journals. Despite the abundance of Persian language journals in various disciplines, many Iranian researchers prefer to publish their articles in international journals because of some problems with some Persian journals. Most of these problems are related to how the journal interacts with the researcher, the software bugs of the journals' websites, the low quality of the final version of the articles, and their non-indexing in reliable scientific databases. It is expected that the supervisors of scientific journals try to solve these problems by diagnosing and providing expert solutions, including surveys by Iranian researchers. However, the high quality of some Persian language journals and their professional ethics should not be ignored.

The purpose of this study aims to identify and explain the dimensions and components of the optimal implementation of transformation and innovation packages in medical education, which is an exceptional opportunity for educators and university officials.

This qualitative study was the type of content analysis and the statistical population of research and key informants who were selected by the use of targeted sampling with snowball method. And interviews to identify dimensions have continued to ensure theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed with Max Kuda software (10 Maxqda). Data analysis was in the content analysis quality section for validity of the Delphi technique.

The findings of the study showed that the executive model of transformation and innovation packages in medical education has 9 main factors in the two sections of injuries and actions (Implementation, Structural, Politics, Environment, Management, Motivation, The proportion of abilities and jobs, cultural, leadership and 21 were sub-factors.

The most important factor based on research data is to pay attention to the views and differences of each university and the most important factor for the optimal implementation of the transformation packages in the leadership field, and this shows us that the organization's beneficiaries are involved in formulating the strategy. Failure to achieve those goals will be a suggested approach to improving medical education.