جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سبک های دلبستگی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Mental, behavioral and emotional disorders of children are formed under the influence of various factors. Among the factors affecting this process, we can mention the psychological characteristics of mothers. Based on this, the aim of this research was to predict children's mental disorders based on the personality traits and attachment styles of mothers. The research was of applied type and descriptive-correlation research method. The statistical population included mothers of preschool children and their children in the fall of 2021. From among the statistical population, 50 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. The research tools included the attachment style questionnaire (Hazan and Shaver, 1987), the big 5 personality factor questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1995) and the children's abilities and problems questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression using SPSS version 23 software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between mothers' neuroticism and all children's mental disorders. Also, the results indicated that mothers' secure attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders except behavior problems. In addition, mothers' avoidant attachment has a significant relationship with all children's mental disorders, except the problem with peers. Ambivalent attachment in mothers showed a significant relationship only with behavior problems, hyperactivity problems and the total score of mental disorders. Finally, regression analysis in this research showed that mothers' neuroticism and agreeableness can predict children's mental disorders.

Comparing the characteristics of normal and disordered people is one of the topics of interest to researchers. In this regard, the aim of the research was to compare mentalization, fear of compassion and attachment styles in people with non-clinical borderline and normal personality syndromes.

Methods and Materials:

 A comparative study and statistical population were all students of Salman Farsi University of Kazeroon in the academic year 1401-1402 of both sexes. With available sampling, 136 people in the group of borderline and normal personality syndromes were selected as a sample by matching age, gender and education. Data were collected with borderline personality questionnaire, mentalization, fear of compassion and adult attachment scale and analyzed with multivariate variance by SPSS 24.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in self-related mentalization (F=25.745, p<0.05), but there was no difference in mentalization related to others and motivation for mentalization. Also, two groups in terms of fear of self-compassion (F=10.391, p<0.05), fear of others (F=24.365, p<0.05) and fear of receiving compassion (p<0.05, F=15.027) had a significant difference. Other findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in avoidant attachment style (F=17.367, p<0.05) and ambivalent (F=47.657, p<0.05).
Conclusions Therefore, it can be said that people with borderline personality symptoms are different from normal people in mentalization, attachment styles, and fear of compassion.

The experience of childhood trauma is all the unpleasant and unpleasant experiences that a person has experienced during childhood either directly in relation to his caregivers and attachment figures, or as a result of the neglect and negligence of his attachment figures in relation to a stranger, he has experienced misbehavior. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-oriented intervention on attachment styles, hyperexcitability and fearful dreams in people with complex trauma symptoms.

Methods and Materials: 

This semi-experimental research, including pre-test-post-test, control group, was conducted on all adults with symptoms of complex trauma referring to psychological clinics in Isfahan province in spring 2002. The sampling method in the first stage was based on the available sampling method and they were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people) and using the questionnaire of consequences of childhood traumas in adulthood by Bernstein et al, Collins and Reed attachment style questionnaire, Mitmansgruber hyperexcitability questionnaire, Mitmansgruber et al. The data were analyzed using Levine's test, Shapiro-Wilko test, analysis of covariance test.

The findings indicate that for secure attachment (F=44. 628 and df=1), avoidant attachment (F=28. 168 and df=1), anxious attachment (F=42. 228 and df=1), For the variable of negative over-excitement (F=74. 508 and df=1) and positive over-excitement (F=27. 197 and df=1) as well as for the variable of scary dreams (F=46. 446 and df=1), then From the pre-test control, in the post-test phase, the effect of the group is significant (P<0. 01).

The results of the research showed that emotion-oriented intervention has an effect on attachment styles, hyperexcitability and scary dreams in people with complex trauma symptoms

Addiction is a detrimental phenomenon to the economy, health, and the foundation of families. family members who do not have intimate parent-child interactions or strong bonds tend to take drugs more frequently. The interdependence of spouses is one of the effects of living with addicts. This study was designed to determine the relationship between attachment style and interdependence of spouses of patients with maintenance drug use.
This is a descriptive-correlational study done on 98 spouses of patients with maintenance treatment referred to the addiction treatment clinic of Sari Zare Psychiatric Hospital, selected by simple random sampling in 1400. Research tools included the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Scale and the Spin-Fisher Interdependence Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis, and linear regression).
The mean and standard deviation of the total score of closeness, dependence, and anxiety attachment styles and interdependence were 11.88±2.21,12.11±2.60,11.71±4.50,60.65±12.0, respectively. Interdependence and insecure attachment had a significant negative connection, according to the partial correlation coefficient (P<0.05). there was a positive correlation between cross-dependence and bilateral-anxiety attachment (P<0.05). Results of multiple regressions showed to predict the interdependence of attachment styles, only the anxious-ambivalent style can significantly predict a 31% variance of the interdependence of spouses of addicts undergoing maintenance treatment and also showed a significant relationship between correlation with substance use time, birth rate and experience of stressful events in the last 6 months.
The results showed interdependence had a significant relationship with their attachment style and it is necessary to pay attention to their spouses along with addicted patients, and to spouses who have an anxious mutual attachment to prevent interdependence. It is recommended that for future research, about the cultural and historical roots of Iranian society, the present study should also be conducted in other cities to examine the effects of cultural differences among families.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity mediated by early maladaptive schemas in patients with chronic pain.

The research method was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study was patients with chronic pain referred to the pain clinic of Erfan Hospital in Tehran in the second half of 2020 that 300 people with chronic pain were voluntarily selected as a sample by available sampling method. Data were collected from the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHI-MPI; Kerns et al., 1985), the Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AAI, Besharat, 2005) and the Young Early maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF; Young, 1999).

Data usage and analysis were performed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that safe attachment style and anxiety through the mediating variable of ear-ringing and inhibition and other orientation have a significant indirect effect on pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. This means that early maladaptive schemas in the areas of angst and inhibition and other orientation play a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and pain intensity.

Therefore, with the effect of insecure attachment styles on the formation of maladaptive schemas, it leads to an increase in severity in people with chronic pain.

Death anxiety is one of the human tensions that exists in some professions, including nursing, on a daily basis. Emotion self-regulation includes the process of controlling and expressing emotions. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between insecure attachment styles and emotional self-regulation with death anxiety in nurses working in Corona wards in Tabriz.

This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The research tools were Templer's death anxiety questionnaire, Hazan and Shiver's attachment styles and Granefske's emotional self-regulation questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of all male and female nurses working in the corona departments of Sina, Imam Reza and Valiasr Hospitals in Tabriz city in 1401. The sample size of this study was 184 people using Cochran's formula, who were selected by the available method, and data analysis was done using Pearson correlation by SPSS 16 software. The significance level of the statistical test was 0.05.

The results showed that there is a direct relationship between ambivalent insecure attachment style and death anxiety of nurses (P<0.05), and there is a relationship between emotion self-regulation and death anxiety (P<0.05). There is a direct relationship between negative emotion regulation strategies and death anxiety and an inverse relationship between positive emotion regulation strategies and death anxiety (P<0.05). Based on the results, there is no significant relationship between avoidant insecure attachment style and death anxiety (P<0.05).

According to the results, there is a relationship between ambivalent insecure attachment style and emotion regulation with death anxiety in nurses working in the corona ward. Therefore, by teaching emotion regulation and identifying nurses with insecure attachment styles, it is possible to reduce the level of anxiety of nurses in the corona ward.

The covid-19 outbreak has caused a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and psychological distress. However, studies suggest that these conditions may also lead to post-traumatic growth. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the role of defense mechanisms and attachment styles in predicting post-traumatic growth in people involved in coronavirus-induced mourning.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included survivors (27 to 55 years old) (from February 2019 to September 2021) in the city of Tehran. Of this population, 130 people were selected as the research sample by the convenience sampling method. Questionnaires on defense styles, attachment styles, and post-traumatic growth were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using multiple linear regression.

The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the developed defense mechanisms (Beta=0.489) and safe attachment style (Beta=0.256) predict post-traumatic growth in people involved in coronavirus-induced mourning in a meaningful way (p<0.001). However, the style of insecure attachments and the undeveloped and psychologically annoying defense mechanism lacked the adequate strength to predict post-traumatic growth (p<0.05).

Safe attachment style and developed defense mechanism can lead to growth after injury. Psychiatrists and psychologists who engage in mourning therapy are recommended to pay more attention to the defense mechanisms and attachment styles of those involved in mourning.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common and chronic disorder with many negative consequences. The most important consequence is the loneliness and isolation of the person; it affects the person’s attachment and conflict resolution methods. The present study investigated the mediating role of conflict resolution styles in the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and couples’ attachment styles. This research had a correlational descriptive design considering the practical purpose and the data collection method. The statistical population consisted of all young couples in Kerman city in 2022, who had been married for a maximum of ten years. The target sample consisted of 240 people who were selected using purposive sampling. The Collins and Read Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Rahim’s Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire were used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling methods were used to analyze the data in SPSS version 21 and Lisrel software version 8/80.  The results of the analysis showed that obsessive-compulsive disorder indirectly and negatively (P≤0.05) affected attachment styles. Attachment styles could predict obsessive-compulsive disorder through conflict resolution styles.

Psychological factors might play a role in the onset and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Alexithymia and Emotional Maturity with the mediation of Attachment Styles among cardiovascular patients in Zanjan, Iran. The present study has a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of this study encompassed a range of 670 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were referred to the Cardiology Clinic of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan from March and August 2019. The sample size was estimated to be 244 people using Cochran formula. Data collection tools included Hazen and Shaver’s standard adult attachment style questionnaire, Toronto’s ataxia, and Singh and Bhargava questionnaires. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses were done using SPSS 24 software. There was a positive correlation between alexithymia with emotional instability (r=0.14, P<0.01), personality decay (r=0.36, P<0.01), and emotional maturity (r=0.38, P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that emotional instability (P=0.009), personality decay (P=0.016), and emotional immaturity (P=0.009) significantly predicted secure style. Additionally, difficulty in describing emotions significantly predicted avoidant style (P=0.034). Emotional maturity (P=0.006) and difficulty recognizing emotions (P=0.009) also significantly predicted ambivalent style. Personality traits and emotional alexithymia can be used as indicators for predicting attachment styles and social behaviors, and specifically, lack of emotional stability, personality disintegration, and emotional alexithymia can predict secure and ambivalent styles to some extent. Also, difficulty in describing emotions and emotional immaturity have the ability to predict the avoidant style. These results can help to better understand individual behaviors and design solutions to improve behavior.

Health and mental health of the medical staff is one of the social needs, because taking care of patients requires medical personnel who are in a favorable state in terms of mental and physical health. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of attachment styles and alexithymia on psychological distress with the mediation of mentalization in nurses.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation type of structural equations. The research community included all the nurses working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran in 2023, and 210 of them were selected by available sampling method. In order to collect data, adult attachment inventory, reflective functioning questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software were used.

The findings indicate the fit of the assumed model. The direct effect of secure attachment (β = -0.28, T=-4.04) and mentalization (confidence component) (β = -0.26, T=-2.93) on psychological distress was significant and negative. Also, the direct path of ambivalent insecure attachment (T = 0.38, β = 3.63), avoidant insecure attachment (β = 0.32, T = 6.24), alexithymia (T = 0.44, 10.80) β) and mentalization (uncertainty component) (T = 4.04, β = 0.45) were significant and positive on psychological distress. The analysis of research findings indicated the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia with psychological distress. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 78% of the variance of psychological distress.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that one of the important structures that is obtained through interpersonal relationships in childhood, especially attachment relationships, is the capacity for mentalization. Caregivers who develop secure attachment usually have a good capacity for mentalizing. On the other hand, improving the mentalizing capacity, reducing interpersonal stress, and increasing confidence as a result of secure attachment relationships make people use more mature mechanisms in stressful situations; Therefore, the existence of mentalizing capacity increases people's resilience and protects them from psychological distress, including depression.

People with a secure attachment style and fewer schemas can use interpersonal and social skills to find their place in social interactions with their peers and adults. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles with interpersonal skills and social skills in students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran.

The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran (Science and Research, Central Tehran, South Tehran, North Tehran, East Tehran, West Tehran) in 1399, of which 300 students were sampled in Available were selected. To collect data from the demographic questionnaire, the "Early -Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire", the "Attachment Styles Questionnaire" and the "Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire" Questionnaire) and the "Evaluation of Social Skills Questionnaire" were used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was analyzed in SPSS . 26 and Smart PLS 3.

Interpersonal skills in 2 components of self-management and implementation and other orientation (Initial Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire) are correlated with secure attachment style (P<0.05), but the correlation of avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style and 3 components of cutting, impaired limitations and tinnitus (initial maladaptive schemas questionnaire) and interpersonal skills are rejected (P<0.05). The strongest correlation between interpersonal skills and secure attachment style is with a correlation coefficient of 0.620. Of the 3 attachment styles and 5 components of schemas, only the correlation of 2 secure and avoidant attachment styles with social skills was confirmed (P<0.05). But the correlation of all 5 components of schemas and the correlation of ambivalent attachment style and social skills were rejected (P<0.05).

The component of self-management and implementation and the component of other-directedness and secure and avoidant attachment styles are correlated with social and interpersonal skills. Considering the role of primary maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in interpersonal skills and social skills, it is suggested to use “Schema Therapy” and “Attachment Therapy” in order to improve the interpersonal and social skills of students.

Marital satisfaction is very important in the second decade of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles based on the mediating role of self-compassion among couples in the second decade of life.

Methods and Materials:

 The present method was descriptive and correlation type. The statistical population included all the couples of Isfahan city who were living in the second decade of their life together. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula and 384 couples (768 people) were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected through Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1989), Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (1997), Hazen and Shiver's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), and Shafqat Neff's Questionnaire (2003) and analyzed with PLS software.

The results showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) and attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Another finding of the research showed that the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on personality traits (FFI-NEO) can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion. Finally, the structural equation of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles can be predicted based on the mediating role of self-compassion.

It seems that self-compassion can affect marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, favorable personality traits and secure attachment style can increase marital satisfaction.

The needs of love and attachment are one of the main characteristics and basic needs of humans from childhood to old age (4). In fact, one of the most important relationships that people create throughout their lives and expect to satisfy their psychological needs and the need to be loved is love. Love can be seen as one of the manifestations of attachment, and attachment styles provide a stable pattern for processing intra-personal and interpersonal relationships in a transformative life, and it is a meaningful predictor for the quality of a person's future relationships and is involved in the growth and preservation of intimacy (31). Considering the basic role of attachment and its importance in various social dimensions, mental and physical health, people who suffer from attachment injuries will experience more problems in creating a feeling of intimacy and love and the process of seeking order for excitement. Also, attachment styles are one of the most important conceptual frameworks and the basis of a capacity to regulate emotions and have an inextricable link with each other (14). In addition, research indicates that emotion regulation strategies can play a role in increasing people's lovability and intimate relationships (27). In this research, in addition to the role of attachment injuries, other variables such as lovability have been identified. Considering the role of lovability on the durability and effectiveness of relationships and that lovability is one of the dimensions of self-esteem and one of the most basic beliefs of a person about himself, conducting this research in order to know the factors influencing lovability is of special importance. and identifying these factors is necessary to prevent adverse consequences. Also, considering the mediating variable of emotion regulation in this research as an effective factor in the relationship between attachment injuries and lovability and taking into account the fact that until now emotion regulation has not been investigated as a mediating role in the relationship between these two variables. The aim of this research is to determine the mediating role of Emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment injuries and lovability. Being lovability plays a significant role in the durability and effectiveness of relationships. And identifying the factors affecting lovability is important to prevent adverse consequences. Hence, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment injuries and lovability.

The current research was descriptive and correlational. In this research, the correlational design was used to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment injuries and love acceptance. The statistical population of the research was made up of undergraduate and master's degree students in management and law of Valiasr Complex of South Tehran Azad University who were studying in 2021-2022. The sample size is based on Klein's opinion (27) that 2.5 to 5 people are suitable for each item, and considering the total of 35 items in the research questionnaires and taking into account the fact that a minimum sample size of 200 people is defensible, in First, were using a staged sampling method and considering the possibility of some questionnaires being distorted, 260 people were selected. In order to control the order effect and fatigue, the questionnaires were presented in different orders. and responded to the lovability scale (O'Brien and Epstein, 1988), adult attachment questionnaire (Besharat, 2012) and emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003). The conditions for entering the research were: not having a history of mental illness, not using medication due to psychiatric illness, and having consent to participate in the research. Correlation test and path analysis were used to analyze the research data.

Path analysis test was used to test the research hypothesis that "emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between attachment injuries and lovability". The results of the path analysis test showed that 18% of the variance of emotion regulation can be explained through attachment damage (avoidant and ambivalent). Also, attachment injuries and emotion regulation have the ability to explain 30% of the variance of lovability. The results of this research showed that attachment injuries (ambivalent and avoidant) has a significant negative relationship with emotion regulation and lovability (P<0.001). Also, emotion regulation has a significant positive relationship with lovability (P< 0.001). The results of the path analysis test also showed that emotion regulation has a significant indirect effect (mediating role) on the relationship between attachment injuries (avoidant and ambivalent) and lovability (P<0.001), which supports the research hypothesis.

The results of this research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between attachment injuries and emotional regulation and lovability. In explaining this finding, it can be said that in accordance with cognitive - experiential self-theory(2), a person's evaluation of the level of lovability is formed in early childhood experiences and in the context of the family, and attachment injuries are the result of improper relationship with parents and the feeling of being rejected and unloved. People who feel rejected have low levels of lovability and defects in the quality of care they give to others (2). Also, those who suffer from attachment injuries, under the influence of the unhealthy quality of the caregiver-child relationship since childhood, use uncompromising emotion regulation strategies to regulate their emotions in intra-personal and interpersonal relationships (13).The results of this research showed that emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between attachment injuries and lovability. In explaining this finding, it can be said that the primary parent-child relationship is the most important element that strongly affects the development of basic emotion regulation skills (21). Based on this, people with attachment injuries use suppression in developing emotion regulation skills to overcome negative situations. Also, these people experience their self-esteem at a low level and are less lovability (25). On the other hand, when a person uses re-evaluation, he can be at a high level in terms of his competence and dignity, express his feelings constructively to his life partner, and lovability at a higher level (26).According to the results, when people are first taught and then people can use the discipline of adaptive emotion seeking with proper management, This makes the person feel valued and experience a higher level of lovability in their relationships, reducing the negative impact of attachment injuries(4).Therefore, it can be concluded that by increasing the emotion regulation capacity and using the emotion regulation skills correctly, the impact of attachment injuries in creating a low level of lovability can be reduced to some extent. Also, considering the role of lovability on the durability and effectiveness of relationships, it is suggested to provide mental health services in the form of training sessions with an emphasis on the role of appropriate emotion regulation strategies to reduce and prevent attachment injuries in relationships with the focus of increasing lovability and Managing emotions helped.

A healthy and dynamic society depends on a healthy family. The family is the first founder of personality, values, intellectual criteria and also one of the most important social institutions and preservation of human emotions. Family is the main pillar in the formation or continuation of mental disorders, this finding has been confirmed in various studies (1, 2). On the other hand, mental disorders can disrupt the functioning of families (3). When one family member suffers from a mental disorder, other family members get involved in some way and bear a lot of pressure (4). In recent years, fundamental changes in the shape and characteristics of the family have been noticeable in Iran. The decrease in the level of birth and fertility, in addition to the decisive effect it had on the rate of population growth and through that population adjustment, has also affected the composition and structure of the population (5). Satisfaction with life and desired number of children is considered the main factor in women's fertility. In his theory, Gary Becker believes that reproductive behavior is the result of family selection (6).Marriage is the most important and fundamental human relationship, because it provides the basic structure for creating a family relationship and educating the next generation (11), according to Sternberg and Hodgett (1997), marital satisfaction is a very important and complex aspect of the marital relationship. In other words, one of the vital aspects of a marital system is the satisfaction of the spouses with their relationship. Marital satisfaction is a process that occurs throughout the life of a couple and includes four areas of attraction (physical, sexual), understanding, attitude and investment. These variables lead to couples' satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the marital relationship (12).Considering the declining trend of population growth in Iran and its consequences and considering that Khushodi will strengthen the family. In this regard, developing a model that can increase family consolidation and cover population growth strategy to some extent was of interest to researchers, therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate marital satisfaction based on attachment styles through the mediation of couples' marital intimacy.

In this study, the modeling of marital satisfaction based on attachment styles with the mediation of marital intimacy was done using the path analysis model, and then using descriptive statistics - correlation of the structural equation model type and to develop a semi-experimental model of the post-test type with The control group was used. The collected samples include all married men and women referring to the family clinic laboratory and specialized clinic of Quds Hospital in Sanandaj who lived in Sanandaj between March 2017 and August 2018. To determine the sample size in this research, 500 subjects were selected using available sampling method and research tools were implemented on them. At first, written consent was obtained from all subjects and then they entered the study. Questionnaires were completed for each person in 4 sessions. The questionnaires were presented to the participants along with the necessary explanations. Questionnaires used include: Collins and Reed's adult attachment styles, marital satisfaction, Sexual Quality of Life - Female (SQOL-F) & SQOL-M. The data was analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software, Lisrel 8.5 and SmartPLS 3.2.8 software. All analyzes were performed at the 5% level. Then the research hypotheses were tested based on the results obtained from examining the questions using descriptive statistics and using statistical tests (variance analysis, correlation and multivariate regression).

The obtained results indicate that secure, avoidant, ambivalent attachment style has an effect on marital intimacy. Also, intimacy has a positive and direct effect on marital satisfaction. Other results obtained indicate that secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles do not affect marital satisfaction. But secure attachment style has a positive effect on marital intimacy; Avoidant and ambivalent attachment style has a negative effect on marital intimacy.

The results obtained from our study indicate that secure, avoidant, ambivalent attachment style has an effect on marital intimacy. This finding is consistent with the results of the study conducted by Rezaei et al. (19) in which it was found that marital satisfaction was significant in the secure attachment style with intimacy and commitment and in the avoidant attachment style with intimacy, passion and commitment. . The findings obtained from a perspective are also similar to the research of Nosko et al. (20) who found that people who showed a more secure (and less avoidant) attachment style at the age of 17, while maintaining this attachment style, at the age of 26, from a True love is consistent in their relationships. It is also consistent with the study by Lavi et al. (21) who observed love as a mediating variable in the relationship between avoidant attachment style and life satisfaction. Hafizi and Jamei (22) also found in their research that love, positive affect and secure attachment style have a positive and significant relationship with marital satisfaction, which is consistent with the present study. In their study, Wong Pakaran et al. (23) concluded that avoidant attachment style along with romantic relationships predict life satisfaction, which is consistent with our study. In their research, Nouri and Jan Zaregi (24) also stated that attachment styles are related to attitudes towards love and marriage values. In fact, from these results, it can be concluded that people with secure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment style have higher marital intimacy, in fact, the components of marital intimacy and attachment style can have a significant effect on better relationships and satisfaction with their spouse. . However, regarding the attachment style, there have been some studies that are not consistent with the results of our study. Among these studies, Rajabi et al.Most of these views believe that the effective factors in marital satisfaction are important because a person's satisfaction with married life is an important part of interpersonal and family health. According to Allen and Bokam (26), the avoidance stylepresents the relationship with the main couple as an inappropriate closeness. In this case, it can be said that due to constant anxiety of rejection, these people are constantly in the direction of closeness and excessive dependence on the other party, i.e. spouse, because in their close and intimate relationships, they unconsciously have childhood relationships with the face. It remembers attachment and thus awakens the anxiety caused by the rejection experienced in childhood. This emotional cooling is also effective on people's sexual relationships and causes a decrease in sexual satisfaction. As a result, the more insecure a person is, the less his or her desire to get close to another person, and in this way, insecure attachment can have a negative effect on sexual satisfaction, and finally, it was found that the mediating effect of marital intimacy in the relationship between secure, avoidant and Ambivalence is significant with marital satisfaction. This finding is consistent with the results of a study by Sharnia and X (27) that showed that people with a secure attachment style compared to insecure people have higher levels of intimacy, favorable expectations towards their partner, better marital quality and more optimism towards Marriage and report more love and commitment to each other, it is aligned. In a study conducted by Mansoori et al. (28) with the aim of providing a structural model for predicting marital intimacy based on attachment styles with the mediation of the love commitment component in married students. The results obtained in that research indicated the direct effect of secure attachment style on students' marital intimacy, which is consistent with our study. In explaining this finding, it can be stated that whenever the attachment style is formed in a secure manner, this security is transferred to future interpersonal relationships, especially relationships with spouse. Therefore, they see the relationship of their spouse as full of peace and security, they are not afraid of establishing a relationship, and they describe the established relationship as full of intimacy and love.

Background &

Worldwide, about 1 million people die by suicide every year, which is the 15th leading cause of death. It is estimated; Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) and suicidal thoughts in college students. Resilience is defined as a person's confidence in his abilities to overcome stress, and having the ability to deal with stress, self-esteem, stability in emotions and emotional regulation are the characteristics of a person who has high resilience. Resilience is a subset of psychological capital, which is one of the characteristics of positive psychology, with symptoms and characteristics such as being persistent in pursuing goals, creating positive self-documents, believing in one's abilities to achieve success, and enduring. Problems are identified. Therefore, the resilience of a person's understanding of himself includes having a goal to achieve success and standing and resisting issues and problems. In fact, one of the most important human abilities that allows effective adaptation to obstacles and challenges is resilience, which as a process is the ability to successfully adapt to threatening conditions, and in other words, positive adaptation in response to adverse conditions. Having resilience allows people to achieve adaptive behavior in problem-solving situations and makes it easier for them to face problems. Since the relationship between attachment styles and resilience and suicidal thoughts has been investigated in past researches, and the results showed that secure attachment style has a positive relationship with resilience and a negative relationship with suicidal thoughts or factors related to suicide attempts. you have Dealing with the factors affecting suicidal thoughts and the stages of a person's preparation to committing suicide is of particular importance, so according to the research we have done, it seems that resilience in a conceptual model can play a mediating role in the relationship between style have attachments with suicidal thoughts, which considering that the desired model (with all available variables) has not been studied in any similar research, this study was compiled and presented to fill this research gap. In fact, although significant efforts have been made to understand which risk factors contribute to suicidal thoughts and behavior, less attention has been paid to the factors that prevent people from developing suicidal thoughts and behavior. Therefore, in this study, an attempt is made to investigate the predictors of suicide in an overview study and a general model.

The statistical population of this correlation study included all the students of Shiraz Azad University in 2022-2023, which was equal to 19635 people based on the statistics obtained from the education of Shiraz Azad University. In order to determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and according to the calculations, the sample size was determined to be 380 people. Collins and Reid (1990) attachment styles questionnaire, Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience questionnaire, and Beck (1961) suicidal thoughts were used. SPSS and Lisrel software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that secure attachment style has a direct and significant effect on resilience and an inverse and significant effect on suicidal thoughts, and at the same time, resilience has an inverse and significant effect on suicidal thoughts. Also, the results showed that the mediating role of resilience in the impact of attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) on students' suicidal thoughts is significant.

In general, it can be concluded that due to the fact that attachment styles are one of the causes of many emotional-psychological-mood problems in people, it is suggested that pre-marriage classes, or class Training courses should be held for parents during pregnancy and so on, and couples should be taught the correct way to communicate with their children so that their children do not have problems in the future.

As one of the most important members of the health care team, nurses play a vital role in the care-treatment system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of attachment styles on the symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation with the mediation of mentalization in nurses.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation type of structural equations. The research community included all the nurses working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran, and 220 of them were selected by available sampling method. in order to collect data, beck depression inventory-II, adult attachment inventory, reflective functioning questionnaire, and difficulties in emotion regulation Scale were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software were used.

The results of the findings show the fit of the assumed model. Also, the coefficients of the direct paths of secure attachment style (β = -0.19, T = -2.301), avoidant (β = 0.46, T = 3.39) and ambivalent (T = 0.61, 3.09) = β) was significant to depression. Direct paths of attachment style - secure (T = -0.40, β = -0.28), avoidant (T = β = 0.65, 13) and ambivalent (β = 0.52, T = 3.79) ) was significant to emotional dysregulation. Also, the analysis of research findings indicated the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between attachment styles and symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation.

According to the findings of the current research, mentalization has an important effect on the symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation. Therefore, targeted interventions that are used in order to increase the capacity of mentalization, can probably have better clinical outcomes for nurses.

Mentalization capacity is necessary for empowering students in interpersonal interactions and consequently obtaining future success, and for this reason, it is necessary to know its correlates, Therefore The purpose of the current research was to investigate the mentalization based on attachment styles, Ego strength, Object relations and Pattern of anxiety manifestation in students.

Methods and Materials: 

The research community was formed by the students of Isfahan National University and Azad University in 2022, according to the latest reports, their number is 35161. Based on Cochran's formula, 380 students were selected as available. The research tools were Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths (PIES), Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), Anxiety Manifestation Patterns Questionnaire and Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) which were completed individually by students. Data analysis was done by multiple regression analysis using the twenty-sixth version of SPSS software.

The results showed that secure and ambivalent attachment styles as well as ego strength can significantly predict students' mentalization capacity. (p<0.05).

Therefore, in order to improve students' mentalization, it is necessary to pay attention to secure and ambivalent attachment styles as well as ego strength.

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is increasing, and its acute and chronic complications can increase disability and mortality of patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The present study was cross-sectional (descriptive analytical type) study which 240 people with type 2 diabetes referring to the endocrinology clinics of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2018 were evaluated in the study using convenience sampling. Subjects with psychiatric disorders based on the SCL90-R, were excluded. Collins's Adult Attachment Scale Revised was used to evaluate attachment styles. Information related to disease control, including fasting blood sugar, 2hpp (postprandial), glycosylated hemoglobin, and the presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, were extracted from the patients' medical records. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 22 and using the analytical and descriptive tests (mean, standard deviation, frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson, stepwise regression).

The results of the correlation matrix have shown that neither of the attachment styles had a significant relationship with glycemic control(P>0.05).

Considering that people with psychiatric disorders were excluded from this study, suggested that future researches should investigate this population as well.

 Suicide is a tragedy for the individual, family, and society. The probability of suicide is operationally defined based on four indicators of hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, hostility-impulsivity, and negative self-evaluation, and it has been shown that these four factors can distinguish normal people from suicidal people. The suicide process also includes thinking, planning, acting, and finally completing the suicide. This behavior is inherently self-motivated, meaning that the person is doing it themselves, and intentionality is an inherent characteristic of doing it. According to studies conducted in this field, these events depict the progressive behavior of suicide in such a way that the occurrence of each increases the risk of the next stage in this circle. Knowing the risk and protective factors that can reduce suicidal thoughts will play a major role in preventing people from entering this costly and deadly chain, especially in early adulthood. Self-efficacy is one of the compatible cognitive characteristics that are considered important factors in the protection of suicidal thoughts and have significant effects on the perception of stress and coping mechanisms in the fields of psychological and physical medicine. Also, self-efficacy has a significant effect on a person's behavioral style, effort, and persistence. People with low self-efficacy usually feel powerless, unlike people with high self-efficacy who are more in control and less threatened in stressful situations, so a person with suicidal thoughts is likely to have a lower sense of self-efficacy. The relationship between attachment styles and self-efficacy and suicidal thoughts has been examined in past research, and the results have shown that secure attachment style has a positive relationship with self-efficacy and a significant negative relationship with suicidal thoughts or factors related to suicide attempts. But at the same time, the mediating role of self-efficacy about attachment styles with suicidal thoughts has not been investigated. In this research, the researcher seeks to fill this research gap. Those were considered the main predictive variables for suicidal thoughts. Also, considering the role of self-efficacy in adjusting and regulating one's emotions, it can be considered a mediating role as in past research.

 The statistical population of this correlation study included all the students of Shiraz Azad University in 1402-1401, which was equal to 19635 people based on the statistics obtained from the education of Shiraz Azad University. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used and according to the calculations, the sample size was determined to be 380 people. Collins and Reed's (1990) attachment style questionnaire, Scherer et al.'s self-efficacy (1982), and Beck's suicidal thoughts (1961) were used. SPSS and Lisrel software were used for data analysis.

 The results showed that secure attachment style has a direct and significant effect on the feeling of self-efficacy and an inverse and significant effect on suicidal thoughts, and at the same time, the feeling of self-efficacy has an inverse and significant effect on suicidal thoughts. Also, the results showed that the mediating role of self-efficacy in the impact of attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) on students' suicidal thoughts is significant at the 99% confidence level.

 In general, it can be concluded that increasing attachment styles can be a solution to increase the sense of self-efficacy, so it can be introduced as a solution to reduce suicidal thoughts. Self-efficacy leads to greater effort and persistence with obstacles and difficulties. Also, self-efficacy affects motivation through goal setting. If a person feels highly efficient in a specific field, he sets higher goals for himself, is less afraid of failure, and finds new strategies if the old strategies fail. But if the feeling of efficiency is low, the person avoids the task completely. Or quickly clears the scene if it encounters problems. It is suggested that therapists and health professionals use the results of this research in addition to prevention as a therapeutic intervention to prevent the emergence of dysregulated behaviors such as suicide. According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that health experts prioritize and choose the type of treatment for people with suicidal thoughts, as well as save time and money and achieve the maximum benefit from the methods of teaching self-efficacy and resilience skills. To use in this study, subjects were not interviewed and clinically evaluated, and self-report tools were used to collect data. Therefore, the results of the current research, like many other research, due to the use of questionnaires and self-report tools, may lead the participants to use methods based on obtaining social approval and avoiding stigma related to inadequacy, instead of actual behavior. Someone has encouraged me. As a result, caution should be used in the interpretation of research data.