جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد ریوی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The goal of sports science researchers is to maximize the performance of athletes in various sports fields, in this regard, researchers are trying to discover and identify the factors that affect the performance of athletes, and it is completely accepted that sleep is one of the necessities of health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 30 hours of sleep deprivation on the response of orexin-A levels and pulmonary function to an anaerobic activity in active male students.

This research was conducted semi-experimental and in the form of a pre-test and a post-test. The protocol was that in the control position, after 12 hours of fasting and 8 hours of sufficient sleep, in the experimental position after 12 hours of fasting and 30 hours, complete insomnia of the subjects was investigated in the student dormitory with controlled conditions.

The information related to the comparison of post-test and pre-test in two experimental situations (sleep deprivation) and control (sufficient sleep) showed that orexin-A hormone increased significantly in sleep deprivation conditions compared to resting conditions and this difference It is considered significant at the (p=0.001) level. Insomnia also caused significant changes in physiological indicators.

30 hours of sleep deprivation caused an increase in orexin-A levels, which shows the importance of night sleep, which is one of the influential factors related to obesity and overweight. It should be given more attention, especially by coaches and athletes, who after sleep deprivation has a significant effect on their performance.

One of the safety methods to prevent the spread of covid-19 is to use a mask. The aim of the current research was to compare the effect of wearing medical and Cloth masks during exercise on lung function in healthy young men during the covid-19 epidemic.

In this semi-experimental research, 40 healthy men (average age 29.40 years, average height 175.30 cm, average weight 73.37 kg, and body mass index 23.56 kg/m2) were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly placed in 4 groups of activity with medical mask, activity with Cloth mask, activity without mask and control. Pulmonary function was measured using a spirometer. The training intervention was carried out for eight weeks concurrent training (aerobic-resistance) with a three session’s frequency per week. For statistical analysis were used paired sample t-tests, analysis of covariance and Benferroni's post hoc test.

A significant increase in tidal volume (VT), vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) was observed after exercise training (P<0.01), but the use of a medical mask and Cloth mask caused a significant decrease in VT, VC, TLC and PEF indices compared to the group activity without mask (P<0.01). Also, other results showed that there is no significant difference between cloth and medical masks in the pulmonary indices of healthy young men (P>0.05).

The results of this research show that the use of mas during exercise reduces lung function by increasing airway resistance.

Patients who have recovered from COVID-19 suffer from lasting symptoms such as numerous physical and mental disorders. It seems that these conditions can disturb the activities of daily living. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare fatigue, quality of life and pulmonary function in recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals.

This experimental study was conducted on 25 recovered COVID-19 patients, discharged from Qom hospitals, Iran, in 2022, and 25 healthy people. The inclusion criteria for healthy people were a negative PCR test result and the age range of 35 to 59 years, and for recovered COVID-19 patients were at least one week of hospitalization due to COVID-19. Fatigue severity was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Questionnaire (FSS), quality of life through 36-question questionnaire (Sf-36) and pulmonary function through spirometry. The comparison of the mean data of the two groups was done using Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test by SPSS-27 software.

Factors including fatigue (P<0.001), Overall Quality of Life (P>0.001), physical health (P<0.001), mental health (P=0.002), physical function subscale (P<0.001), limitation due to physical function (P<0.001), energy and vitality (P=0.000), social function (P<0.001), pain (P<0.001) and also a pulmonary function of FVC (P<0.001) and FEV1 (P<0.001) were significantly different between the recovered and healthy groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the FEV1/FVC ratio (P=0.170) and the limitations due to emotional problems (P=0.816) and mental health (P=0.159).

Compared to healthy people, recovered COVID-19 patients are more likely to have reduced quality of life, increased fatigue, and impaired pulmonary function.

One of the problems caused by COVID-19 is decreased lung function and muscle weakness. Excessive increase in the curvature of the thoracic spine is known as a kyphosis deformity. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of breathing in COVID-19 patients with that of individuals with and without kyphosis.

This study was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this study consisted of individuals aged 18 to 30 years old from the city of Urmia in 2021. Of this population, 30 individuals were selected as a group with kyphosis and 30 individuals without kyphosis according to the inclusion criteria. The respiratory quality of the two groups was measured with the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, and the circumference of the thoracic arch was determined with a flexible ruler. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 25 using the independent t-test.

The mean scores of individual data, including age, height, and weight, were obtained at 24.50±3.64 years, 164.07±4.87 cm, and 66.07±9.54 kg in the group with kyphosis and 23.57±3.91 years, 163.20±4.77 cm, and 64.37±10.96 kg in the group without kyphosis, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups when comparing scores for pulmonary symptoms (P=0.83), activity (P=0.69), social and psychological impact (P=0.71), and total questionnaire score (P=0.65).

Respiratory physical, psychological, and social complications occurred in both groups with and without kyphosis. Although the complications were more severe in individuals with kyphosis, they were not significantly different from those in the group without kyphosis. It is possible that conducting similar studies examining the lung volumes of people with different degrees of kyphosis abnormalities would yield different results.

Allergen exposure and sensitivity, asthma progression, and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are interconnected. The relationship between mite sensitivity and lung function is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mite allergy and   pulmonary function decline in patients with asthma referred to Deziani Allergy Clinic in 2017.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients referred to Deziani Allergy Clinic in Gorgan in 2017. The patients were included in the study based on the clinical criteria for asthma. Mite antigen skin test was performed for all patients, and they were divided into two groups: sensitive and non-sensitive. A pulmonologist, allergist, and clinical immunologist performed a pulmonary function test (PFT) and bronchial stimulation test to confirm and evaluate the severity of asthma. Pulmonary function data were statistically compared between the two groups.

In total, 382 patients with a mean age of 42.75±16.50, including 146 (38.2%) males and 236 (61.8%) females, were included in the study. Moreover, 144 (37.7%), 101 (26.4%), and 137 (35.9%) patients had mild, moderate, and severe asthma, respectively. In addition, 173 (45.3%) cases were sensitive to mites. The FVC, FEV1, and FEF 25-75 values were significantly lower in patients with sensitivity, compared to the group without mite sensitivity (P<0.05). PFT results in females sensitive to mites were significantly lower in all cases, except for FEV1/FVC (P<0.050). The use of bronchodilators was significantly associated with improved pulmonary function in those who were over the age of 45 years (P=0.05).

Patients with mite allergy have poorer pulmonary function, and it plays an obvious role in the severity of asthma symptoms. Pulmonary specialists can help better control and reduce these patients' symptoms by adopting appropriate treatment programs, including improving the living environment and presenting the necessary guidelines to reduce contact with this allergen.

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle factors related to pulmonary function andcardiorespiratory requirements (CRF). This study was to determine the effect of regular aerobic trainingon cardiac and respiratory function in adolescent girls with different body mass index.

In the present quasi-experiments (QEs) study, which was conducted with pre-test and post-testdesign, 45 female students in the age range of 13 to 18 years old were selected and added to 3 groups of15 people with normal, overweight and obese body mass index. The training protocol included 10 weeksof aerobic training, 3 sessions per week and each exercise session for 20-45 minutes of. Pulmonary functionwas measured by spirogram and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) by modified treadmill bulk test.

There were significant differences in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiration Volume in oneSecond (FEV1), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), FEV1/FVC and VO2max in groups with normal body mass index,overweight and obese (P<0.001). After the training period, a significant improvement was observedin spirometry indices (FVC, FEV1, PEF, FEV1/VC) and VO2max compared to the pre-test (P <0.001), but stillsignificantly lower than the post-test values in the was normal group. Also significant decreased wasobserved in Body Mass Index (BMI) in obese and overweight groups (P<0.001).

The results of the present study showed that obesity is one of the effective factors in reducingpulmonary function and aerobic exercise improves pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory endurancein adolescent girls with different body mass index.

Decreased balance and the ability to contract muscle are associated with the contractile strength of the respiratory muscles, discussed in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates training on pulmonary function and balance in inactive elderly women.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 34 inactive elderly women with a mean age of 62 ± 2.5 years, height of 160.6 4 4.51 and weight of 67.70 4 4.60 kg. Participants were randomly divided into experimental (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The experimental group practiced 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure that the data were normal, and paired t-test and analysis of variance were applied to analyze intra-and inter-group findings, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 at a significant level of P≤0.05.

The results of the present study showed that static and dynamic balance in the post-test compared to the pre-test was significantly reduced in the experimental group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the findings indicated that Pilates exercises on static (P = 0.04) and dynamic balance (P = 0.00) had a significant effect on the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in the indices of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (P ≥0.05).

It seems that Pilates can improve static and dynamic balance in elderly women and as an adjunct therapy can be effective as well as a suitable and low-cost alternative in improving balance and reducing falls.

Combined exercise is a suitable and varied activity to control weight and strengthen children's respiratory muscles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined rope and basketball training on body composition and some indicators of pulmonary function of overweight boys aged 10-12 years.

This article was a quasi-experimental study with a pre test-post test design with a control group. For this purpose, 30 overweight male students were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. Respiratory parameters were measured by spirometry and body composition factors before and after exercise. Subjects participated in a training program for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed using analysis ANCOVA and dependent t-test in SPSS-20 software.

Exercise intervention in the experimental group caused a significant reduction in weight, fat percentage and body mass index compared to the control group (p<0.05). Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in one-Second pulmonary function indices have had a significant increase (p<0.05).

Combined basketball and rope training exercises are effective in improving body composition and increasing the performance of overweight students' lung characteristics.

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by various structural or functional abnormalities of the heart and impairs the capacity to fill the ventricles (1). The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported 8%, the highest rate of which is in Khuzestan and Gilan provinces (6). Despite numerous treatments depending on the pathology of the disease and the patient's condition, the mortality rate after the diagnosis of HF is still high (7). Although the pathogenesis of HF is largely unclear, it is widely accepted that neurohormonal changes and inflammatory processes are involved in the structural and functional destruction of vital organs including the heart, kidneys, and lungs (2). One of the clinical complications of HF is pulmonary diseases. The association between HF and COPD has been extensively investigated in recent years. It has been shown that about 30% of patients with HF have COPD and a similar HF prevalence has been reported in a large population of patients with COPD (9, 10). Impairment of aerobic function due to negative cardiopulmonary and muscular interactions is an important determinant factor in exercise intolerance in the heart failure patients with COPD (12). Considering heart and pulmonary disorders and problems of lack of oxygen in different tissues of the body, also considering the role of exercise in improving cardiorespiratory function and improving oxygen delivery to the body, it seems that exercise is very useful for these patients. On the other hand, due to the low respiratory capacity in patients with HF, one of the treatment priorities for these patients is to increase lung capacity in these people. It has been shown that the use of breathing exercises can be a complementary therapy to improve pulmonary function in patients with HF (16). Despite the relationship between pulmonary disorders in HF, so far no research has been conducted to investigate the effect of simultaneous combined exercise training (aerobic-resistance) on improving the structure and function of the heart as well as pulmonary volumes in these people, which shows the necessity of the present research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of simultaneous combined training (aerobic- inhalation resistance) on cardiovascular and pulmonary functional volumes in men with HF.

  In the present semi-experimental study, 20 men with heart failure referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz were selected by snowball sampling method. Randomly were divided into 2 groups of 10 people including exercise training group (mean age: 47.5 ± 7.84; body mass index: 29.27 ± 1.99) and control group (mean age: 48.8 ± 8.03; body mass index 26.93 ± 2.14). The training intervention consisted of eight weeks of training in three sessions per week. The training program included increasing continuous aerobic exercise with 40-85% of the subjects' reserve heart rate; Inhalation resistance exercises were performed 5 minutes after aerobic exercises with an intensity of 40-70% of the training load. No training intervention was performed in the control group. Cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were measured 48 hours before and 48 hours after the intervention period. Dependent t-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26 and a significance level of P <0.05 was considered.

In the study of intragroup changes, the results of dependent t-test showed that after exercise intervention, a significant decrease in the levels of systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate variables and a significant increase in SV, EF, VO2Peak, FVC and FEV1 variables were observed in the exercise group, but no significant difference was observed in diastolic blood pressure levels. In the control group, no significant difference was observed in any of the measured variables.
In examining intergroup changes, the results of covariance test showed that changes in systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate, SV, EF, VO2Peak, FVC and FEV1 were significant in the exercise group compared to the control group.

Due to the positive changes in cardiac function, which were seen as an increase in functional heart volumes (SV and EF) and a decrease in resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure, part of the improvement in exercise performance capacity (VO2Peak) can be attributed to cardiac adaptation to aerobic exercise (20). Also, after the training period, a significant decrease in resting heart rate was observed. Since high resting heart rate is associated with adverse consequences of HF with reduced mutations (23) and due to the increase in stroke volume after exercise, changes in resting heart rate can be justified. Other factors affecting the improvement of cardiorespiratory function include increased pulmonary functional volumes (FVC and FEV1) (24). FVC and FEV1 are two common indicators in assessing pulmonary function and are used in research and clinical therapy as indications for response to treatment and clinical research (28,29). Considering that the exercises used in the present study included both aerobic and inhalation resistance training exercises, so the increase in FVC and FEV1 volumes can be attributed to the interaction of the two training methods on increasing the strength of the respiratory muscles as well as the adaptations resulting from aerobic exercise. Overall, the results of the present study showed that a combination of continuous aerobic exercise and respiratory resistance training can improve cardiorespiratory function and performance capacity in men with heart failure through improving cardiovascular function by increase in cardiac function (SV and EF) and reduction in resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure with increased pulmonary function FVC and FEV1). Considering that one of the complications of chronic heart failure, in addition to structural and functional problems of the heart, is a decrease in pulmonary capacity as one of the serious complications of heart failure, so, a combination of aerobic exercise and respiratory resistance training can be used to reduce HF complications and cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in these people. In general, it can be said that combined training, including a combination of increasing aerobic training and inhalation muscles resistance training with improved cardiopulmonary function, plays an important role in the rehabilitation of patients with HF, and these patients can use this training protocol for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and reduction in complications of the disease.

Despite the benefits of exercise, aerobic exercise activities can affect the performance of athletes by affecting the respiratory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 intake before and after aerobic exercise on inactive pulmonary function indices of female students. For this purpose, the statistical population included female students between 18-24 years old with normal and inactive weight of Ahvaz University. 63.4 7 7.3), mean body mass index (22.8. 2.5) were purposefully selected and divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. First, spirometry was taken from both groups before the start of the supplementation period, then the subjects in the experimental group consumed one 1000 mg omega-3 capsule daily for 21 days, and at the end of the supplementation for the second time from both groups. Control and experimental spirometry were performed and then the experimental group performed Strand aerobic test and then spirometry was performed for the third time from both control and experimental groups. Spirometrytest was performed 30 minutes after training and finally the statistical data were evaluated by intragroup and intergroup t test. The results of paired t-test showed that pulmonary capacities (VC, FVC, FEV1, MVV) in the control group before and after theintervention were not significantly different (P> 0.05), but increased in the intervention group (P < 0.01). The results of independent t-test showed that in the pre-test mode of pulmonary capacity, pulmonary capacity (VC, FVC, FEV1, MVV) was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p> 0.05), in the post-test mode after aerobic activity. Pulmonary capacity strand Pulmonary capacity (VC, FVC, FEV1, MVV) was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p <0.05).Regular aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation are two factors affecting respiratory indices and as a result, improve the respiratory status of inactive female students

Smoking affects heart function, lung function and vitamin D levels, and decrease in serum levels of vitamin D, heart rate variability (HRV) and drop in pulmonary function cause cardiovascular disease. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of one course of intense interval training on serum levels of vitamin D, HRV and lung function in male smokers.

In this quasi-experimental study 20 sedentary male voluntarily participated. They were randomly divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group participated in an intense interval training program for six weeks and control group did no exercise training. HRV and pulmonary function were assessed by spirometry device and serum levels of vitamin D 48 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the end of last session training. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and Multivariate analysis of covariance for within group and between group comparisons, respectively.

The results showed a significant increase in HRV values and pulmonary function and low frequency waves to high frequency waves in the training group compared to the pretest and also compared to the control group (p<0.05). But no significant difference was observed in serum levels of vitamin D both in within group and between group comparisons (p<0.05).

It can be concluded that six weeks of intense interval training, improves function of the autonomic nervous system and pulmonary function in male smokers.

Pulmonary problem is one of the non-cardiac causes of exertional chest pain in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare pulmonary function in children with exertional chest pain during rest.

This descriptive analytical cross sectional study was conducted in 200 children aged 10-15 years old in Arak, Iran 2018. The case group (n=100) included children with exertional chest pain and control group (n=100) were healthy children (without exertional chest pain). Respiratory function was assessed using spirometry after complete training and one test session. Data analysis was done in Stata 11.

The mean values for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were 3.98±1.56 and 4.31±2.1 L/s, 4.81±2.16 and 5.2±2.8 L, 0.73±0.13 and 0.75±0.11, and 6.89±1.65 and 7.24±1.59 L/m in case group and healthy group, respectively. The values did not show significant differences between the two groups (P=0.209, P=0.272, P=0.242, and P=0.128, respectively).

According to current study, spirometry evaluation in children with exertional chest pain during rest does not seem to be helpful for diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchospasm.

Among the pollutants present in the ceramic and tile industry, silica dust is particularly important, and many studies have investigated the effect of this material on the respiratory system. Many occupational exposures may result in a decrease in spirometric parameters.

In the present study, totally, 120 male workers and employees of the factory, who had work experience of over 5 years and were not changed during the study, were included. Demographic information, including age, height, weight, work experience, smoking status and spirometric indices,  were extracted from the medical records of the workers from different groups for 5 consecutive years. All spirometry tests were performed using the FUKUDA ST 300 digital spirometer (Italy) calibrated once a year. The generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) method was used to study the trend of changes in each of the spirometric indices more accurately. Research related data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

The trend of changes was only significant for the FEV1 / FVC and FEF indices; for other indexes, the trend of changes was only observed in some years. The trend of changes was not significant for the FEV1 index, but smoking had a significant effect on the changes in this index. So, the level of this index was lower for cigarette smokers.

In this study, a clear downward trend was not found in the spirometric indices over 5 years, and only the FEF1 / FVC and FEF 2575% indices markedly were reduced in some occupational units, but due to the decline in some indices as well as proving the bad effect of Silica dust and other compounds on the respiratory system, there was an urgent need to implement management and engineering controls and protect the workers in the workplaces

Multiple Sclerosis as a neurodegenerative disease by affecting motor neurons could cause decrease muscle strength, endurance, and physical performance. Respiratory muscle weakness could occur in the early phase of the disease, and its complications appear in the advanced phase—this phenomenon as an essential factor, which could influence Pulmonary Functional Capacity. Pilates exercise as a rehabilitation program by focusing on muscle control, strength, core stability, flexibility, posture, and breathing is recommended to multiple sclerosis patients. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates training on Pulmonary Function and Endurance Function in female patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

This study employed two groups with pre–test and post–test as quasi–experimental research design. The subjects were the female multiple sclerosis patients who were registered in Gholdasht Multiple Sclerosis Center of Najafabad–Isfahan. The participants were 40 female multiple sclerosis patients (age= 33.08±8.88 yrs., BMI= 22.20±4.92 Kg/m–2) with Relapsing Remitting and Expanded Disability Status Score 2–6. They were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided to equal Pilates and Control groups. During the study, five subjects (Pilates=2, Control=3) were excluded from the study. The Pilates group subjects participated in exercise training 3d/week for eight–week. Each session began with a seven–minute warm–up. The main exercise training continued for 30–40 minutes. The main exercises included Hundred, Roll–Up, Roll–Down, and Single Leg Circle movements, and ended with a seven–minute as the cool–down. The intensity of the protocol adjusted to increase. In the first month, one to two sets and in the second month, two to three sets of repetitions (which started with three to four repetitions and gradually increased to reach up to 10) of movements were done. Movements consisted of 10 seconds exercise, 10 seconds rest, 30 seconds rest between each movement, and 60 seconds rest between each set. The Control groups had their usual lifestyle. Respiratory volumes and Peak oxygen uptake were measured before and after the protocol by using MIR SPIROLAB III made by Italy and Six Minutes Walking Distance Test, respectively. Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second, Forced Expiratory Flow rate 25–75%, Peak Expiratory Flow rate, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation were measured, and Peak oxygen uptake was predicted by using the equation “Peak oxygen uptake (ml/kg×min)=4.948+[0.023×mean Six Minutes Walking Distance (meter)]” before and after the protocol. Descriptive analysis was adopted for demographic and clinical characteristics and are reported as mean± standard deviation. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used for determination of normality of the distribution, and Levene᾿s test was used to show homogeneity of variance between two–groups before the start of the protocol. The differences among groups were assessed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test to compare post–tests by considering covariates pre–tests (p< 0.05).

Eight–week Pilates training showed significant increase in Forced Vital Capacity (F=8.44 , p=0.008) (4.19%), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (F=6.23, p=0.020) (13.48%), Forced Expiratory Flow rate 25–75% (F=7.82, p=0.011) (11.00%), Peak Expiratory Flow rate (F= 5.95, p= 0.023 ) (13.16%), Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (F=6.10, p=0.022) (18.56%), and Peak oxygen uptake (F=12.99, p=0.002) (5.20%) variables, while there was no significant change in Forced Expiratory Volume / Forced Vital Capacity.

Pilates exercise as a rehabilitation program for these patients can improve some of the parameters related to pulmonary volumes, pulmonary capacities, and Endurance Function. The Endurance Function decreases in multiple sclerosis ambulatory patients and could evaluate easily by using field tests such as Six Minutes Walking Distance Test. Endurance Function has a relationship with Pulmonary Function, so Pulmonary Function could be managed indirectly by improving physical fitness and Endurance Function following exercises such as Pilates.

Adipose tissue has an important role in inducing lung dysfunction through production and secretion of adipokins such as leptin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise training on Lung function, serum leptin levels and lipid profile in inactive obese men.

This research was conducted with a semi- experimental methodology with pre-test and post-test. Twenty-two inactive obese men (18 to 30 years old) voluntarily participated in this study and randomly divided into two exercise (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. Subjects performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting, before and after the 12-week of exercise training program. Serum leptin levels, Lipid profile and pulmonary function were measured before and after of 12 week moderate intensity exercise training. All statistical tests (paired sample T-test, Independent T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient) were performed and considered significant at a p≤0.05.

The results of this study showed that after 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise levels of triglyceride (P=0.001), cholesterol (P=0.001), leptin (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.001), and VLDL (P=0.01) decreased and HDL (P=0.001) increased after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise compared to baseline in exercise group. Also FVC (P=0.022) and MVV (P=0.02) significantly increased.

Twelve week of moderate intensity exercise training caused favorable changes in lipid profile, obesity-related metabolic biomarkers and Pulmonary function in inactive obese men.

 Injury with chemical agents effects on the physical, mental, social and spiritual dimension of quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of modified Pilates training on pulmonary function and quality of life in veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents.

 This semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group was conducted in Izeh County in 2016. The study was carried out on 28 male veterans who were exposed to chemical warfare agents. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into the control group (n=15) and training group (n=13). The training group performed the modified Pilates training for 8 weeks, 3 sessions-in 60 minutes per week. The control group did not participate in any particular training program during this period. Muscular strength, pulmonary index, and quality of life of the subjects before and after the training period were measured by hand dynamometer, spirometer, and quality of life questionnaire respectively. Data were analyzed through SPSS 22 software using paired sample t-test and univariate analysis of covariance test.

 The mean scores of forced vital capacity and the quality of life in terms of mental and physical dimensions in the posttest step were significantly higher than the pretest step (p=0.001). By removing the pretest effect, the mean scores of back muscular power (p=0.03), forced vital capacity (p=0.02) and quality of life (p=0.001) in the training group were significantly higher than the control group.

 Eight weeks of modified Pilates training can be effective in the improvement of pulmonary function and quality of life of veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents.

Asthma is a common respiratory disorder that reduces the quality of life in patients. Furthermore, due to importance of preventing and treating diseases through non-pharmacological interventions, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of aerobic and resistance training on physical fitness, body composition, and pulmonary function in women with asthma.

A total of 29 asthmatic women in Urmia participated in the study voluntarily with Convenience Sampling. They were randomly assigned into control group (n= 9, age= 29± 4.03 years, BMI= 23.52±2.34 kg/m2), aerobic exercise group (n= 10, age= 27.25 ± 3.10 years, BMI= 23.47 ± 3.16 kg/m2) and resistance exercise group (n= 10, age= 26.11 ± 4.83 years, BMI= 25.12 ± 2.90 kg/m2). Experimental groups exercised during 3 sessions for 8 weeks. Exercise sessions consisted of 10 minutes for warm-up, 30-40 minutes for aerobic or resistance exercises and 5-10 minutes for cool-down. Body composition and pulmonary functions were measured by caliper and spirometer and clinical signs were evaluated using Santanello’s questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent t-test, dependent t-test, and one-way ANOVA by setting pretest as an intervening factor through SPSS-23  (p<0.05).

The results of intragroup evaluation indicated that in aerobic exercise group increased aerobic power (p = 0.02), anaerobic power (p = 0.01), flexibility (p = 0.03), muscular endurance (p = 0.02) and decreased clinical signs were significant (p = 0.01).  In resistance exercise group, increased flexibility (p = 0.00), muscular endurance (p = 0.00), and body fat percentage (p = 0.02) were significant. There was a significant increase in FVC, FEV1 / FVC and FEF75% (p <0.05) and also a significant decrease was observed in clinical signs (p = 0.05). The results of intergroup evaluation indicated that changes in flexibility, muscular endurance, and FEV1/FVC, FEF75% were significant between the exercise groups and the control group (p <0.05).

  It is concluded that both types of aerobic and resistance exercises can lead to both increased physical fitness and decreased clinical signs in women with asthma. However, the positive changes in body composition were the result of resistance exercise. Therefore, the participation of women with asthma in physical activity, especially resistance training, can improve their pulmonary function, body composition, and physical fitness.

Asthma is a Lifestyle inflammatory and reversible disease of airways. Change in Lifestyle by increasing obesity and decreasing physical activity is the main cause of its high prevalence. Asthmatic patients are less fit than their healthy control subjects. Evidence reveals the association between mechanical life, inadequate physical activity, and increased daily calorie expenditure with adolescent obesity syndrome, On the other hand, overweight and obesity has increased the risk of asthma and inefficiency of lung function. Therefore, the role of the respiratory system in adjusting the acid-free balance during exercise can be considered very important. If an efficient respiratory system leads to a better refinement of toxic substances, attention to pulmonary capacity and volume in different individuals, and the impact of environmental factors on it seems to be necessary. Accordingly, one of the most critical indicators of respiratory function is vital; vital capacity is a reflection of a large amount of respiratory capacity that results in better air purification in the lagoon of the lungs. Pulmonary vital capacity and output volume (FEV) are a strong indicator of lung function that has been reduced due to obesity and inactive Lifestyle. One of the known methods for the treatment of asthma patients is rehabilitation; rehab programs have added therapeutic value to patients with asthma. They cause a significant improvement in these patients, which is one of the essential components of pulmonary rehabilitation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on pulmonary function (FEF, PEF, MVV, FEV) in middle-aged women with mild asthma.

This semi-experimental study was performed on two groups of 30 obese women with mild asthma, referring to medical centers in Urmia. The subjects were randomly assigned to control (n = 15) and exercise (n = 15). The exercise group performed aerobic exercise for eight weeks in the form of fast-paced walking and intermittent running and aerobic base movements. The program of each exercise session from the first week to the third week consisted of 50 minutes of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 50% of maximum heart rate. Lasted seven to eight weeks, every 60 minutes of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 70-75% of the maximum heart rate given by the Polar machine was measured. In this study, spirometric measurements used for factors such as expiratory flow, maximum voluntary ventilation, expiratory flow maximal in 75% of the vital capacity, and expiratory volume ratio in the first seconds to mandatory vital capacity. Statistical analysis performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and covariance analysis, and the significance level was 0.05. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22.

The results showed that MVV, FEF, FEV, and PEF and their changes in pretest and post-test stages after eight weeks of aerobic training evaluated. The results of the covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of training and control in all the respiratory variables by maintaining the pretest and post-test scores (p<0.05). The findings indicated that eight weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on the increase of MVV (p=0.003), FEF (p=0.024), FEV (p<0.001), and PEF (p=0.002) in the research sample. No significant changes observed in the control group.

Performing asthma exercises can contribute to the improvement of asthma treatment for asthmatic patients. Therefore, considering the beneficial effects of exercise, especially aerobic exercise, the protocol of treatment of asthma patients in our country must also be modified to use sports protocols under the supervision of medical specialists and with their advice. Patients with asthma improve their respiratory rate by participating in the exercise rehabilitation program; they can better handle daily tasks, as a result of the aerobic exercise presented in the present study. Effective treatment intervention for obese people asthma is mild because this exercise volume reduces the body composition index, which is a factor in asthma.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the eighth cause of death in Iran. Angiogenesis is the major cause of metastatic and drug resistance in this cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of high intensity periodic exercises on resting levels of some angiogenesis markers and also the pulmonary function of men with prostate cancer.  20 male patients with prostate cancer aged 55 to 62 years old were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10). The experimental group subjected to 10 weeks of periodic exercise with intensity progressed weekly, three sessions for 40 minutes and intensity of 70-75 was set for each session. 48 hours before and after exercise, the serum levels of VEGF, FGF, nitric oxide (NO) and also pulmonary function were measured. Intra and intergroup changes were analyzed using dependent t-test and independent t-test, respectively. The results showed that 10 weeks of severe periodic training significantly increased the levels of VEGF (P = 0.001), FGF (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.001) in the experimental group compared with the control group. Moreover, considering the results, FVC in patients with periodic exercise has increased significantly (P = 0.002). As for results, it can be concluded that 10 weeks of periodic exercise increases the angiogenesis and pulmonary function in patients suffered from prostate cancer.