جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « وضعیت تغذیه » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In the old age, anorexia and weight changes are common. Determining the nutritional status is a suitable indicator for evaluating the health of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic factors, pattern and nutritional status of the elderly who referred to the health centers of Khodabande city in 2020.

The present study was conducted cross-sectionally on 365 elderly people covered by health care centers in Khodabande city. Samples were selected using simple random sampling method from the Sib system of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The data collection tool of the demographic information questionnaire, anthropometric indicators and nutritional status was collected using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire and the food patterns questionnaire from the Sib system. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 software and a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that 49.3% of the elderly were men and 50.7% were women, and the average age was 71.1±7.2 years. The body mass index of women was higher than that of men (26.0±3.8 vs. 28.3±4.5 (kg/m2)) (p=0.001). Most of the elderly did not have a trend of average reduction in food consumption and unwanted weight loss in the last 3 months. Daily fruit consumption was reported in 25.4% of the elderly and milk and dairy consumption in 26.3% was rarely or never reported. Overweight and unfavorable nutritional pattern were observed in about 10% and overweight with moderate to favorable nutritional pattern in about 11% of the elderly. Also, 22.2% of the elderly had a normal BMI index with an unfavorable nutritional pattern. About 2% of the elderly were malnourished.

The results showed that although the studied elderly did not have a trend of reducing food consumption and unwanted weight loss, their nutritional pattern was not optimal, especially in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, and they had unfavorable nutritional habits such as using table salt, consuming fast foods and oils. Unfavorable was also unfavorable in the elderly. Therefore, considering the high number of elderly people at risk of malnutrition and the importance of healthy eating in improving the health level and improving living conditions, it is necessary to pay special attention to planning for this vulnerable group and to address the nutritional health of the elderly as a priority. elderly, nutritional status, health database

The importance of self-care ability in the elderly to improve their physical and mental health has led to the most direct intervention in this regard to be the assessment of the status of self-care ability and its relationship with nutritional status. This study aims to determine the impact of self-care ability on the nutritional status of the elderly in Tehran City, Iran in 2019.

In this descriptive-analytical correlation study, 420 elderly people referred to the health centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were studied by two-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool in this study was a three-part questionnaire, including demographic information, a self-care ability scale for the elderly (SASE), including 40 questions, and a mini nutritional assessment (MNA), including 18 items. The inclusion criteria included a willingness to participate in the study, age 60 years and older, literacy, ability to communicate and collaborate in the study, no cognitive impairment, and the exclusion criteria included incomplete completion of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests of Spearman correlation and structural equation model via using model fit indices under EQS6/1 software.

Among the elderly people, 65.7% were at the desired level in terms of self-care ability and 34.3% were at the middle level. In terms of nutrition, 65% of the elderly people were normal, and 26.4% were exposed to malnutrition. The highest mean and SD of nutritional status and self-care status were obtained in the elderly between the ages of 70-74 and 65-69 years (21.47±3.98) (87.51±6.64). The results obtained from structural equations showed that self-care with an intensity of 71% affected the nutritional status of elderly people. The indices obtained in the model RMR and RMSEA showed less than 0.08 and other fitting indices showed 0.90 and higher.

According to the findings, considering the appropriate level of self-care ability and nutritional status of the elderly and the impact of its socio-individual factors on self-care status, purposeful planning to improve quality of life, especially nutritional quality, and self-care, is essential.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and breast cancer.

This case-control study was conducted on 210 women (105 breast cancer patients and 105 healthy individuals) aged 20-89 years in Azadshahr (Iran) in 2019. Nutritional status was assessed using a researcher-made checklist.

The majority of cancer patients were in the 40-54 years age group (49.5%). There was a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of consumption of solid oil (49.5% vs. 31.4%), hot food (19% vs. 9.5%), carbonated drinks (29.5% vs. 21%) and the average number of servings of fried foods per week (3.2±1.79 vs. 2.3±1.73) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of consumption of vegetables, type and amount of meat, animal oil, legumes, salt and tea.

The consumption of solid oil, hot food, carbonated drinks and fried foods could be associated with the risk of developing breast cancer.

Due to the limited intakes of routine protein sources in phenylketonuria, nutritional deficiencies may occur. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess dietary intakes, blood parameters and nutritional statuses of children and adolescents with phenylketonuria.

In total, 80 patients with phenylketonuria (42 girls, 52.5%) were included in this cross-sectional study. Using general information questionnaires, necessary information linked to nutritional and demographic indicators were collected. Patients' diets were assessed using a 3-day diet recall. Blood concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, ferritin, iron, zinc, folic acid, B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, albumin and calcium were assessed.

The present study showed that the highest frequency was allocated to people with normal weight with a frequency of 57.5% based on body mass index for age. In this study, children and adolescents with phenylketonuria, who were low and normal weight, had higher serum iron levels (p = 0.006) and their calcium intake was higher (p = 0.007). Additionally, participants consumed fewer calories, zinc and vitamin B12 and more fat, phenylalanine, tyrosine, iron and calcium, compared to the recommended values. The current study results showed that phenylalanine levels were higher than the acceptable levels in the majority of participants.

Results of this study demonstrated importance of iron supplementation for obese children and adolescents with phenylketonuria. Since the serum level of phenylalanine in these people was greater than the acceptable level, it is recommended to use necessary measures to follow and provide special diets for these patients.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Weight and Obesity Control project in students of Kermanshah and to express the challenges and solutions.

The research method was qualitative and based on data foundation theory with a systematic approach. The statistical population of the study was professors and experts in sports sciences in the field that targeted sampling method based on theoretical approach was used. The method of data collection was the study of upstream documents and semi-structured and in-depth interviews with knowledge-aware experts, which continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The validity of the research tool (interview) was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then by specialized professors. Reliability was also obtained using intra-subject agreement (88%). In order to analyze the data, the open, axial and selective three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin using software (nvivo10) was used.

The factors affecting the Weight and Obesity Control project include 19 main categories, 39 concepts and 151 factors or open source that cause causal (student sports development, lifestyle change, family-school participation) background characteristics (competitions, requirements Communication-supportive,education) interventionist conditions (environmental factors, motivational conditions, poor facilities, virtualization of schools and measurement conditions) and strategies needed to make the Weight and Obesity Control project effective; There were culture building, health committees, school improvement and physical evaluation. Finally, the consequences of the research are: improving the physical and mental condition of students and families, socio-economic development, increasing health and vitality and positive lifestyle changes. 

While the effectiveness of the Weight and Obesity Control project, its better and more successful rate depends on factors such as culture and the efforts of facilitators, families and students. It is suggested that the managers of the province use the findings and achievements based on this research to make this project more successful in the leading programs.

 Diabetes is one of the diseases in which the patient plays a major role in its treatment. The comprehensive support of the treatment team, family and peers in various fields including nutritional management and physical activity is very important for this disease. Considering the importance of a healthy lifestyle, this study aims to determine the effect of a health promotion support program on nutritional status and physical activity of patients with type 2 diabetes.

 This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 2020 on patients with type 2 diabetes in two intervention groups (n=30) and control (n=30) who were selected by a convenience sampling method from among those referred to the endocrinology clinic of Bank Melli Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The health promotion support program based on Orem’s theory was implemented in three stages of analyzing/identification, planning, and evaluation. Data were collected using a demographic form, a three-day food-reminder form, and a physical activity reminder form before and two months after the intervention in two groups, and were then analyzed using Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test in SPSS software, version 24.

 Results showed that the mean score of eating “dairy products”, “vegetables”, “fruits”, “meat, eggs, and legumes”, “bread, cereals, starches” in the intervention group were significantly different after intervention, but this difference was not significant in the control group. The physical activity score in the intervention group also showed a significant difference (P<0.001), but this difference was not significant in the control group.

 The health promotion support program is effective in improving physical activity and nutritional status of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended to be used as an effective method to improve the lifestyle of diabetic patients.

Considering an individual’s characteristics such as genetics along with other characteristics and dietary habits can help to provide an effective diet for prevention and controlling metabolic disorders. Accordingly, in the present study, we aimed to review evidence on personalized nutrition (PN) and its roles in metabolic disorders.

In the present narrative review, publications on PN and metabolic disorders published between 2010 and 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched and collected.

Our findings showed positive effects of precision medicine and PN on controlling metabolic disorders, diabetes, postprandial glucose level, obesity, and lipid profile. Interactions of genetic differences, lifestyle, microbiota patterns, and behavioral and psychological characteristics can affect developing and controlling diseases.

Due to the effects of genetics, gut microbiota, and other individual characteristics in designing and providing a suitable diet, paying attention to PN in the prevention and controlling metabolic disorders is important. PN vs. general dietary recommendations or diet can be more effective; although it needs high expenditure and more equipment.

Inadequate nutritional status is one of the most common problems in hemodialysis patients and is associated with increased mortality in these patients. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah in 2019.

This descriptive study was performed on 114 hemodialysis patients. Demographic information form and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used for data collection. The questionnaires were applied in one stage in hemodialysis ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and chi-square tests.

Out of 114 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 65 (57.02%) were male and 49 (42.98%) were female. Mean and standard deviation of patients’ age were 58.05± 13.98 years. The median consumption of bread and cereals, meat and beans, fruits and vegetables, fat and oil, and dairy products decreased with the increase of patients’ age (p˂0.001). Patients who underwent dialysis three times a week consumed more bread and cereals, meat and legumes, dairy products, and fruits and vegetables (p<0.001), but consumed less pickles and condiments than patients who underwent dialysis twice a week (p˂0.001).

The results of this study showed that in hemodialysis patients the consumption of bread and cereals and fruits and vegetables is less than the standard amount, but the consumption of dairy products, pickles, and condiments is more than the standard amount, which can be considered by policy makers and experts in this field.

God willed man to live well within the framework of the criteria that make him and his society happy. Therefore, in order to gain Godchr('39')s pleasure and harmony with matters that are in the best interest of society, it is necessary for man to follow a healthy lifestyle. Some health-oriented behaviors and healthy food and nutrition are presented.

This descriptive-analytical document has been prepared according to Islamic and scientific, physical, mental, social and spiritual health views.
Results The necessary characteristics for adopting a healthy lifestyle are expressed in three sections: the section on food and health-oriented nutrition, a section on non-food related health-oriented lifestyle and a section that officials should be in charge of.

To have a society with a health-oriented lifestyle, the cooperation of government officials and institutions of the country is necessary and an important part of education should be aimed at preparing people to seek a healthy society and live well.

Proper nutrition is one of the most important pillars of health that plays an important role in the physical and mental fitness of military forces. Nutritional deficiencies endanger the performance, efficiency and health of staff and can lead to malnutrition and weight loss. Therefore, studying the status of dietary intake and the level of staff satisfaction from nutritional status will be effective in improving the quality of nutritional services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary menu and staff satisfaction with it in selected military areas of the country in comparison to military dietary reference intake.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 684 military personnel from different military districts of the country were studied in 2013. Quality and quantity of served food, satisfaction from menu and sanitary status of the dining room were evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire. Also, normal and operational menus were compared with target and standard values in order to check the menus and dietary intake of staff.

After evaluating the diet using Nutritionist IV software, it was found that the dietary intake of carbohydrate and protein and some micronutrients exceed the standard of military intake but in the case of most of micronutrients, vitamin A, D, B5, biotin, folic acid, B12, and zinc were found to be deficient in all seasons. In the case of the operational ration there was a lack of calcium, potassium and phosphorus intake in addition to the lack of some vitamins. The assessment of quality and quantity of served food, satisfaction from menu and sanitary status of the dining room showed that the lowest satisfaction is related to the operational category and the highest amount is related to the headquarters. Also, a comparison of satisfaction using the one-way ANOVA test showed that the highest satisfaction rate from the menu was in provincial employees and the lowest was in operational staff (P <0.05).

The present study showed that the highest level of employee’s nutritional status satisfaction was observed in the headquarters and the lowest level was observed in the operational category. Therefore, the use of supplements or the inclusion of some food groups in the diet that meet the needs of the body and attention to the satisfaction of forces (which is an effective factor in the dietary intake and nutrition status) is important.

In spite of all scientific advances in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, the increasing incidence and prevalence of non-communicable and chronic diseases are among the challenges of policymakers in the field of prevention and treatment in medicine, the main reason for which is modern lifestyle, especially regarding nutrition. Despite the existence of various strategies and methods in the field of nutrition in conventional medicine, human societies encounter many issues and problems in the field of prevention and treatment of diseases caused by malnutrition and improper diets. In this regard, Persian medicine has effective strategies and practical methods, one of which is the nutrition program based on temperament, which will be described in the present study.

In this descriptive review study, written sources of early and late Persian medicine scholars, Tebe Noor Comprehensive software (version 1.5), and PubMed and Google Scholar scientific databases were examined. Relevant data were extracted, filtered, categorized, and written.

Regarding food recommendations and beverages according to the diverse temperaments of human beings, there are several views and suggestions in the statements of Persian medicine scholars. By summarizing and reasoning and inference based on the sources of Persian medicine, a single, appropriate, and practical solution can be proposed to suggest dietary measures appropriate to various human temperaments in order to maintain and promote health and prevent and treat diseases.

Based on the principles of Persian medicine and conclusion drawn from the opinions of Persian medicine scholars, food is offered to individuals based on two important factors, including individual characteristics or temperament as well as food quality or temperament. Accordingly, for a cold and dry temperament in a healthy state, it is recommended to have foods or beverages with warmer and wetter temperament. Certainly, it does not mean that these individuals should not eat cold and dry foods in a healthy state. Rather, their general desire for daily or weekly foods is better to be toward warmth and wetness; the level of desire for warmth and wetness depends on the degree to which an individual’s temperament deviates toward cold and dryness. Likewise, appropriate dietary measures can be suggested for other temperaments.

COVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the Corona virus, has become a major global threat. The coronavirus mainly targets the human respiratory system. Cytokine storm and other altered immune responses have been shown to be associated with pathogenesis of diseases. The immune and the digestive systems both have been shared the important functions in terms of nutrients acquisition and host defense as gut microbiota. The main purpose of this study was to state the importance of healthy nutrition to boost immunity and its effect on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

In this review study, articles were collected by searching databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus using the keywords COVID-19 pandemic, Immunity system, Nutrients, and Nutritional supplement. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 82 qualified articles related to the subjected were evaluated.

  Micronutrients and macronutrients such as vitamins as well as other elements such as zinc, iron, selenium, and copper, proteins, and omega-3 long chain fatty acid play an important role in strengthening the immune system and increasing resistance to respiratory infections such as COVID-19.

  A healthy diet to maintenance the host macro- and micro- nutrient and probiotics in food can be an effective and promising agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease.

Man-made crises such as war expose vulnerable groups, especially childrento a variety of problems. Insufficient intake of some cetain foods exposes the child to malnutrition.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of human-made crises on childrenchr('39')s nutrition.

This was a review study. All research here Includes keywords like "man-made disasters", "child nutrition", "effective factors", and "malnutrition" in national and international data banks in the period of time between 1995 and 2018.

From the initial 25 articles in the study based on input and output criteria, eight main studies were selected and after extracting the data, it was found that malnutrition is very important for children in times of disaster. Finaly, the extracted information was discussed.

In the conditions of crisis and disasters, the limitation of food sources and the reduction of energy intake, including micronutrients and vitamins, make crisis-stricken people to a variety of infections and diseases, and this increases the mortality of children. Therefore, it is necessary to support vulnerable groups in the response and recovery phase by implementing care and treatment programs  and useful knowledge development at all levels of society in preparation for the disaster.

Process of aging causes various alterations in a person, for instance, elders are very susceptible to malnutrition. Nutrition is one of the factors that play the most important roles in health. According to epidemiologists, there is a strong relationship between malnutrition and death. Malnutrition is a very usual, recognizable, preventable, and curable risk factor that can be treated by early diagnosis and timely effective intervention. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional status of elders in Qom, Iran, 2014-15.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on 144 people over 85 years old. Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) was used to evaluate their nutritional status and the collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test.

According to the MNA classification, 27.1%, 47.2%, and 25.7% of subjects suffered from malnutrition, were exposed to malnutrition, and had desirable nutritional status. Variables, such as the charitable organization (i.e., Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, State Welfare Organization of Iran, and Foundation of Martyrs), daily use of more than three different mediations, tooth condition, body mass index, number of meals per day, and fruit, vegetables, and proteins intake had significant correlations with the nutritional status.

According to the findings, 74.3% of subjects suffered from or were exposed to malnutrition. Given that malnutrition in elders can be cured by timely and suitable interventions, the authorities of all related organizations should hold serious educational, economic, and livelihood interventions for them.

Malnutrition is one of the greatest threats to health and well-being in older people that reduces their quality of life. This research aimed at studying the prevalence of malnutrition and the consequences of poor nutrition in older people in Babol, and its suburbs.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 520 people aged 60 or over were randomly selected in Babol, north of Iran, 2017. Demographic characteristics, health conditions, and factors affecting malnutrition were recorded and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to assess the nutritional status. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test in SPSS.

The mean ages of male (n=261) and female (n=259) participants were 69.2 ± 7.7 years and 69.1 ± 7.2 years, respectively. Among the subjects, 9 (1.7%) were malnourished and 145 (27.9%) were at risk of malnutrition.These conditions were significantly worse in women, older people living in city, retired people, those with low income, and older people living alone or with their children (P=0.005). Malnutrition was significantly associated with appetite loss, dry mouth, nausea, pain, early aging, constipation, vomiting, smell and taste disorders, oral ulcers, and swallowing and dental problems (P=0.001).

Large numbers of older people are at risk of malnutrition, but a suitable job and sufficient income play a pivotal role in having a good nutritional condition, so, authorities should focus more on this issue.

 Healthy, adequate, balanced and varied nutrition during pregnancy is essential for the health of mother and baby. Considering the need for proper nutrition for fetal growth and supply of mineral reserves and the role of nutrition in preventing pregnancy complications in mother and baby and the importance of sources of nutrition information, the aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of women in the first trimester of pregnancy and the role of information sources on it in Tehran.

 In this cross-sectional study, 330 primiparous pregnant women referred to Najmieh and Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospitals in Tehran in 10-12 weeks of gestation were selected by convenience sampling and their nutritional status was assessed using a 147 item food frequency questionnaire. Demographic characteristics questions and sources of nutrition information during pregnancy were asked by a trained midwife.

 The mean age of the subjects was 26.02±3.70 years. Sources of nutrition information during pregnancy were 29.7% from the Internet and mobile phones, 20.3% from books, 14.2%, mothers, 11.5% radio and television, 9.1% health care staff and 7.6% from other sources and 7.3% of women had no source of information. Mean consumption unit of food groups and subgroups/day during the first trimester of pregnancy for bread and cereals was 7.3±3.12, for meat and eggs was 1.07±0.65, fruit 3.56±2.05, vegetables 2.17±1.15, dairy products 2.18±1.86, protein 2.42±1.23, nuts 1.00±0.79, fat 7.01±3.75, sugar 5.21±3.45, processed meats were 0.04±0.09 and bean was 0.34±0.30 units. The most important sources of nutritional information during pregnancy were Internet and mobile phone and books and a significant relationship was found between the use of Internet, books and mobile phone and the mean consumption of dairy products, vegetables, fruits and grains (p<0.05).

 The results of the study showed that the highest consumption of food groups belongs to the bread and cereals group and the lowest to the dairy group. Furthermore, the best sources of information were the Internet, mobile phones and books.

Healthy diet has an important role in the success of military operations, so the commanders and all forces must understand the relationship between proper diet and the physical ability to perform physical activity. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the nutritional status of the military in order to provide strategies to improve the health status and increase the efficiency of individuals.

This study has been done on 89 navies in the cities of Bandar Abbas and Bandar Lengeh, south of Iran in 2019. Demographic information, IPAQ and FFQ168 questionnaires were used to collect data.

There were 89 navy men with an average age of 32.6 years. The average daily calorie intake was 2973 kcal. The average daily intake of milk and dairy products, vegetables, fruits, cereals and meats were 1.2, 3.15, 3.55, 1.2 and 1.6 units per day, respectively. The highest deficiency of the main groups of the pyramid was related to the dairy group (77.5%). In the evaluation of micronutrient status, deficiency of calcium (48.3%), vitamin A (83%), zinc (52.8%), omega 3 (46.1%) and vitamin C (33.7%) were reported.

This study showed that the navy in the field of food intake, especially in the consumption of dairy products and sources of calcium, vegetables, fruits, protein sources, omega 3 and energy intake needs to intervene to increase access and consumption of food items.

loneliness has some implications for health. The relationship between loneliness and nutritional status requires careful and principled investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status of the elderly.

440 elderly 60 years and older individuals from Social Security Administration, Education Retirees Association, and Health Center were selected randomly Descriptive-Analytical study in 2018. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale (20-80 Score in four levels; without loneliness, low, moderate and high) and mini nutritional assessment (0-30 score at three levels of malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status).

The Mean ± SD age for the participants was 65.32(6.22). The relationship between nutritional status and loneliness of 68 elderly people without feeling alone (< 20), 85.3% had normal nutritional status, of 317 elderly people with low loneliness (39- 21), 80.4% had normal nutritional status. Of 52 elderly people with moderate loneliness (59-40), 63.5% were at risk of malnutrition. Loneliness in the elderly was significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition (OR = 4.2276, P = 0.00).

According to the felling of loneliness, more than half of the elderly and the reverse connection between the feelings of loneliness with the state of nutrition, holding free consultation classes in order to reduce the feeling of retired elderly loneliness by the politicians of the health system.

Nutrition is the first and most important factor facilitating mother-child interaction. Maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice are effective in many stages of child growth and development. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the mothers of 12 to 36-month-old infants regarding child nutrition and its related factors using self-report method, in Qom, Iran.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 120 mothers with 12 to 36-month-old infants. For sampling, out of 28 health care centers located in Qom, 3 centers from the lower-, middle-, and upper-class areas were selected by the simple random sampling method. Subsequently, a total of 120 mothers were selected from these centers. The data related to the maternal knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child nutrition were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS statistical software using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.

With respect to the infantile gender, 55% of the infants were female. Based on the results, 68.3%, 58.3%, and 40% of the mothers had good knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to nutrition. Furthermore, maternal nutritional knowledge (P=0.018) and practice (P=0.015) showed a significant relationship with their education level. However, there was no significant relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice and their occupation, infantile gender, history of previous referral of the infant, number of children in the family, and infant's birth order (P>0.05).

Based on the findings, maternal nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice were not at a good level. Therefore, it is required to improve maternal nutritional knowledge, practice, and attitude.

Fish intake is known as a healthy dietary pattern that can reduce cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cerebrovascular risks. Regarding the geography of Hormozgan province as a costal area, current study was designed to assess the intake of this food rich in omega3 in towns, districts, and villages of Hormozgan Province.   

In this descriptive analytical and cross-sectional study, samples were selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire containing demographic and fish intake variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

In this study, 5074 people from Hormozgan province who were older than 18 years were participated. Out of which, 41% were male, 85.2% were married, and 29.8% were illiterate. Jask and Bandar lenge citizens had the highest and Hajiabad had the lowest fish intake. In addition, 64.9% of urban and 76.8% of rural population in Hormozgan Province had fish intake more than twice per week. This study showed a significant relationship between fish consumption and residence place, education, monthly income, marital status, occupation, and age.

Regarding the role of fish intake in community health and low fish intake in educated individuals, young people, and those with specialized jobs in Hormozgan province, it is necessary to conduct applied research to identify the effective factors and barriers in increasing fish consumption and to design effective interventions to increase fish consumption in the studiesd population.