جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « trunk » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The alignment of the spine can alter the loading of spinal cord segments at different parts. Forward head posture by altering the position of the neck in relation to the body is effective in producing pain and disability in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to explore the reliability analysis of the neck and trunk endurance tests in peoples with and without forward head posture and also to evaluate the effect of gender and forward head posture on neck and trunk muscle endurance.

In this descriptive-analytic study, 67 students, including 40 males (mean age 23±1.5 years, mean height 173.6±16 cm, mean weight 69.13±8.69 kg) and 27 females (mean age 23.29±3.31 years, mean height 162.65±5.29 cm and mean weight 59.45±7.04 kg) were randomly assigned to the study and divided into two groups of with and without forward head posture based on craniovertebral angle measured through photography. Deep neck flexor and extension, transverse abdominis, flexors, extensors, and lateral flexor trunk muscles' endurance were assessed in females and males in a test-retest reliability design with one-week interval.

Neck and trunk endurance test were obtained excellent reliability (0.93-0.99). The interaction between forward head posture and gender was significant for the double prone straight leg raise endurance test (P<0.05). It means that the endurance of lower trunk extensor muscles were lower in males with forward head posture (P<0.05; difference=20.28), but no difference was observed in females (P>0.05). The effect of forward head posture was also significant in the Sorenson endurance test (P<0.05). The neck and trunk muscles endurance generally and significantly were lower in females compared to males (P<0.05; difference=9.37-176.68).

Gender is an important factor in the presence of forward head posture affecting trunk muscle endurance. In examining the complications of forward head posture, it is advisable to pay attention to the function of the whole spinal cord.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of online yoga exercises on pain, functional disability and functional tests of the torso and lumbar in middle-aged women with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the Covid 19 pandemic.

The research was quasi-experimental and applied study. Thirty women with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 35 to 55 years were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria as a sample and its were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In order to measure the variable of pain from the Visual Analog Scale, functional disability from the self-reported questionnaire of Oswestry, ITOO tests for functional tests of the torso and the functional scale of the lumbar were used. Eight weeks of yoga exercises were done online. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and analysis of covariance at the significant level of P≤0.05.

The results showed a significant effect of the online yoga exercises on the variables of pain intensity, functional disability, lumbar executive scale, endurance of flexor and extensor trunk muscles of the experimental group (P≤0.05) and also there was a significant difference on the results of post-test research variables between the two groups (P≤0.05).

According to the results of this study, in relation to the effect of online yoga exercises in improving non-specific chronic low back pain, the use of this type of exercises is recommended in corrective exercises and movement therapy clinics.

The coordination between joints and muscles cause suitable production and distribution of force on the lumbar spine and joints. Fatigue induced by rowing, which is also associated with changes in paddling mechanics, can cause changes in coordination and variability patterns of segments due to its cyclic and periodic nature. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of one stage of exhaustive global fatigue on coordination and coordination variability of the joints of the trunk in elite rowers

A total of 14 male rowers of the national team participated in current quasi-experimental study. Participants were tested during a rowing exercise on a Concept 2 ergometer performed until task failure. The variables of the coordination and variability between the joints were recorded using the inertial measurement unit device and the kinematic data of motion were calculated in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the normal distribution of data. Paired t-test was run to compare variables at p≤0.05 level.

The results showed a significant difference in the effects of one stage of exhaustive global fatigue on coordination variability of the joints (hip- lumbar) in sagittal planes (P=0.009 of effect size 0.93). There were no significant differences in the effects of one stage of exhaustive global fatigue on coordination variability of the joints (thoracic-lumbar and hip- lumbar) in the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plates (p≤0.05). Moreover, no significant differences were observed for coordination variability of the thoracic-lumbar joints in the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plates and hip-lumbar joints in the frontal and horizontal plates (p≤0.05).

Overall, it seems that increased trunk joint variability observed in the present study can have negative effects on the performance of professional rowers and increases the risk of various injuries, such as low back pain.

Swayback posture is one of the spinal abnormalities and one of the important causes for the pathology of the Lumbo-Pelvic region. However, due to inadequate information about the method of evaluation among researchers, and also lack of agreement about the muscular changes, less attention has been paid to muscle activity in this posture. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare the electromyographic activity of trunk and hip muscles during standing in females with and without swayback posture.
For this purpose, 30 inactive females selected using purposive sampling method were assigned into two groups of swayback posture and control. Pelvic tilt and sway angles were obtained with camera and electromyography signals from the thoracic and lumbar erector spine, lumbar multifidus, gluteus maximus, medial hamstring, rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, and rectus femoris muscles during standing posture.
The results of independent t-test demonstrated significant differences between swayback posture and control groups in the pelvic tilt (p 0/001) and sway angles (p 0/001). Also, no significant differences were shown between the two groups in the electromyographic activity of erector spine, lumbar multifidus, rectus abdominal, external oblique, and hip extensor muscles during standing (p > 0/05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the amounts of activity of the rectus femoris muscle (p ꞊0/012) and internal oblique (p ꞊0/018).  
The findings of the present study demonstrated that there are similar muscle contractions in the trunk and hip muscles between two groups of sway back posture and control, which contrary to the previous studies, the perception of passive swayback posture has been somewhat violated. Hence, this can provide a better understanding of the sway back posture for trainers and athletes in assessment and rehabilitation.

The core stabilizer muscle weakness can have a negative effect on the balance. On the other hand, the stability of the core area as a connection with the effective transfer of force produced in the lower extremity to the upper limb through the trunk leads to better exercise. The present study was carried out to compare the effects of core stability trainings on stable and unstable levels on the female athletes’ balance. The statistical society of the current study consisted of 30 female athletes from Guilan province who were intentionally selected to take part in the study. They were divided into two groups of 15: stable training and unstable levels of training for 6 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Static balance dynamic balance were evaluated using BESS and Y balance tests, respectively. To analyze the difference in balance between the athletes in the two groups, statistical analysis of covariance and t-correlation analysis were used. The results of the study showed a significant effect of both training protocols on static and dynamic balance (P = 0.001). Also, the results of covariance analysis indicated that training on unstable level had higher efficiency on static and dynamic balance (P <0.05). The results of the present research suggest that, given the difference between the two types of training in affecting the balance component, in addition to the fact that both types of body stabilization trainings can be useful to improve the balance by strengthening the muscles that are Spinal and pelvic controls, coaches and athletes should use unstable levels of core stability training to improve balance.

Footwear with a curved “rollover” sole is prescribed to improve walking capability. Shoes with a curved sole profile have been reported to alter ankle, knee and hip kinematics and posture and thought to able to modify head and neck, and trunk posture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of rollover footwear on standing posture of head and neck, and trunk in healthy females.
Material and Ten healthy female volunteers were recruited (mean age24/5±1/8). Three dimensional positions of 11 retro-reflective markers attached over spinal column and forehead were recorded using 7 motion capture camera system (100 Hz) during standing under two randomized conditions: (1) barefoot; (2) Rollover footwear. Each condition repeated 3 times. Head and trunk posture in the sagittal plane were quantified using the lumbar and thoracic radii and sagittal angle between head and neck, and the laboratory transverse plane. The results were statistically analyzed using the paired t-test test and P rollover footwear compared to the barefoot condition, decreased significantly the radius of lumbar curve by 11/ 24% (P=0/006). The radius of thoracic curve increased by 4/45% wearing rollover footwear but this did not reach statistical significance (P=0/46). The sagittal angle of head and neck relative to the transverse plane did not change significantly (P=0/47)
The results of present study shows that rollover footwear produced extension posture in lumbar while standing. This would suggest that the rollover footwear could be part of a treatment protocol for people who benefit from extension posture of lumbar region.

Falls is due to people's failure of balance recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk extensor muscle fatigue on static balance control in young healthy adults compared to middle aged participants. Ten young adult females (23 ± 1.6 years) and 6 middle-aged females (51 ± 5.4 years) participated in stand immobile test on a force plate, with their feet together and eyes closed under two conditions; before and after fatigue. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive extensions of the trunk until a subjective fatigue level was reached. We measured center of pressure (COP) displacements in the A/P and M/L directions using a force plate to assess static balance. We did not observe any significant interaction between age and fatigue. The COP variability was higher for the middle aged compared to the young adults in both the fatigue and no-fatigue conditions. The results of this study indicate that trunk extensor fatigue does not affect static balance differently for young compared to middle aged subjects. This study also suggests that postural control decreases significantly with increasing age. Trunk extensor fatigue did not significantly affect the balance control of upright stance.

Although the effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) on blood pressure and body composition is revealed in several in vitro and animal studies، the results of human studies are controversial. The purpose of the current clinical double blind trial was to determine the effect of 2 months CLA supplementation on blood pressure and body composition of non trained healthy young male students. This randomized، double-blind، placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 66 non trained healthy male students. Before and after eight weeks supplementation with 4´0. 8g. d-1 CLA or placebo (soybean oil)، lean body mass and fat mass were measured with BIA، trunk and visceral fat and waist circumference were measured with ViScan. Physical activity amount and dietary intake of participants were similar together، because they lived in dorms. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS16 software، the statistical tests being analysis of covariance، Independent sample t test، paired-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests. CLA supplementation had no effect on blood pressure، lean body mass، body fat mass، trunk and visceral fat and waist circumference. These results show that CLA does not affect on body composition and blood pressure in non trained young male students.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects 0.6% to 4.8% of the population. Phototherapy is commonly used in the treatment of this disease. According to the results of previous studies that showed difference in minimal erythema dose between different body sites, it seems that the responses of psoriatic lesions are also different in various body sites. Our objective was to compare the response of psoriatic lesions to phototherapy in various body sites.

Forty patients with generalized chronic plaque-type psoriasis were enrolled in this study. All patients were examined prior and during phototherapy course every 10 sessions. In each patient time of clearance of psoriatic lesions at trunk, upper and lower extremities were recorded separately.

At the end of phototherapy course the lesions of the trunk were cleared completely in 32 patients, and remained partially in 8 patients. The lesions of the upper limbs were cleared completely in 37 patients, and remained partially in 3 patients. The lesions of the lower limbs were cleared completely in 22 patients, and remained partially in 16 patients. Incomplete responses were significantly higher on the lower limbs than the trunk and upper limbs.

Therapeutic response of psoriatic lesions to phototherapy is lower on the lower limbs than the trunk and upper limbs.