فهرست مطالب امیر گندم کار

The phenomenon of climate change is considered one of the most important challenges of this century, and in a way, the dimensions of its effects are trans-regional and have overshadowed the earth's ecosystem. Among these effects, we can mention the process of hydrological changes in rivers. The area studied in this research is the Armand river basin in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The data used were obtained from the information of 4 hydrometric stations located in the study area in a statistical period of 35 years (1986-2020). The method used in this research is Kendall's statistical and graphic test. The results of investigating the trend and changes of runoff in Armand basin hydrometric stations (including Armand, Beheshtabad, Koh Sokhte, and Korebas) indicate the existence of a significant decrease in annual runoff, and in the seasons of winter, spring, summer, and fall. On the other hand, the comparison of the average discharge changes in different seasons showed that the summer season had the most decreasing changes in runoff compared to other seasons. The results of this research also showed that the average annual discharge of the entire basin during the statistical period was equal to 29.3 cubic meters per second. The average minimum and maximum annual discharge of the basin during the same period was recorded as 0.7 and 84.785 cubic meters per second, respectively. Armand station with an average of 137.7 cubic meters per second in the spring season has the highest flow rate, and in the same season Koh Sokhteh station has the lowest flow rate among hydrometric stations in the basin with 6.74 cubic meters per second.

The sustainable regeneration of urban tourism is one of the most important opportunities allocated in order to make proper use of the specific and neglected capabilities of a land to achieve a balanced and balanced urban development. Considering the applicability of the goals of this article, explaining the effects of effective factors such as social , economic, cultural and management on the sustainable regeneration of urban tourism is the target of this research. In this regard, the strategic question is which of the aforementioned factors have been effective on the sustainable regeneration of urban tourism and to what extent. To answer the research question, a comparative strategy based on quantitative methodology has been used. In this regard, the statistical population of the research includes experts and scientific-executive elites working in the field of urban issues, and 40 people were selected as a sample using a systematic and logic-based sampling method. The method of data collection is in the field and using the questionnaire tool, as well as the data analysis tool, using the inferential method based on the fit indices of the measurement model and the structural model and using the Smart PLS software. The results of the research have shown that the indicators of the measurement model are social factor (5 indicators), cultural factor (3 indicators), economic factor (4), managerial factor (3), physical factor (4) and the dependent variable of urban regeneration (5 indicators). ) has a factor load higher than 0.40 and the data confirms the measurement model of the research. In the structural model of the research, the correctness of the relationship between the structural variables/subject of the research was measured based on the statistic (T-value), which is higher than 1.96, and the correctness of this relationship was confirmed. In addition, based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and the intensity effect size criterion (F2), the intensity and effect of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable is confirmed with a value of (0.68). Also, the overall model fit index (GOF) with a numerical value of 0.47 shows that the model has a strong fit and the data confirm the empirical model of the research.

Climate change is a global issue that has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Climate change causes changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, and these changes affect plant performance. As far as can be said, the agricultural sector is the most affected by the climate and its changes. Climate changes in the long term lead to changes in the pattern of cultivation and distribution of plants. Knowledge of how agricultural and horticultural plants react to global warming and climate change and predicting its effects on the performance and area of cultivation of agricultural and horticultural plants in the future requires knowledge of the effects of climate change on plant phenology. The effects of climate change on agricultural production have attracted the attention of many researchers. Severe droughts and temperature increase affect the development of plants and this can be one of the reasons for the reduction of agricultural products (Ridsma, 2007 and Saklaskin, 2008).

To conduct this research, the monthly average temperature data of Ghaen, Gonabad, Ferdous, Birjand, Khorbirjand, Kashmar and Torbat Heydarieh stations during the period of 1989-2021 have been used. In order to check the trends of the studied data, first, the normality of the data was measured using the Anderson-Darling test. Then, parametric t test was used for normal data and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was used for non-normal data. Next, temperature zoning maps of the basin were drawn using the topographic layer in Arc Gis software.

The average temperature trend of the studied stations showed that in April, only Kashmer station had no trend and other stations had an increasing trend. In May, Birjand and Khorbirjand were without, and other stations showed an increasing trend. In June Khorbirjand and in July Khorbirjand and Birjand were without trend. Other stations have shown an increasing trend. In August, Birjand and Khorbirjand had no trends. In September, only Ghaen station had an increasing trend, and other stations had no trend. In October, Ferdous, Birjand, Ghaen and Torbat Heydarieh stations have shown an increasing trend. Other stations have also been without trends. In February, Birjand and Khorbirjand stations had no trend and other stations had an increasing trend. According to the altitude factor, isothermal maps showed that in April, the south to southwest and the northern half of the basin from the northwest to the east of the basin have the appropriate temperature, height and slope for barberry germination. In May, areas of the basin in the form of a strip from the northwest to the east of the basin and the southern half of the basin have a temperature of 19 to 23 degrees Celsius and are suitable for barberry flowering. During the months of May to October, temperatures between 19 and 23 degrees Celsius have been observed in areas of the Qaenat basin. In identifying suitable areas for barberry growth, in addition to temperature, the factor of height and slope should also be considered. Because there are areas that have a temperature of 19 to 23 degrees Celsius, but they are in low altitude areas or areas with high slopes and are not suitable for barberry cultivation. Examining the topography, slope and isothermal maps of the basin shows that in Khordad month, the areas from the west to the southeast of the basin, which are suitable for barberry growth in terms of height and slope, also have favorable conditions for barberry in terms of temperature. In the months of July and August, the size of suitable areas for barberry growth, which was observed in June, has decreased. In September, areas in the center and south of the basin have a temperature of 19 to 23 degrees, but in terms of altitude, the areas in the center of the basin have more suitable conditions for barberry growth than the southern areas of the basin. In October, areas in the north, south, and northwest of the basin have a temperature of 19 to 23 degrees Celsius, but the northern areas of the basin do not have suitable conditions for growing barberry in terms of altitude, and the areas to the south of the basin are suitable for growing barberry. In the months of Shahrivar and Mehr, the most suitable area is the busiest area of the basin. From the middle of November, barberry growth ends. In the months of November, December, January, February and March, the temperature of the entire area of the Qaenat basin is below 12 degrees Celsius and the period of winter stagnation is barren.

In this research, the trend of average temperature changes in the Qaenat basin was investigated and its effects on barberry yield were investigated. Examining the temperature trend in the studied basin showed that the temperature is increasing and in the months of April to August and also in the month of February, the temperature inside the basin has been increasing. Examining the isothermal maps of the basin indicates that the areas of the basin that have a height of over 1000 meters and are stretched from the west to the southeast of the basin have suitable temperature conditions for germination, flowering and fruiting of barberry. Correspondence of the time series of May temperature with the temperature range of 19 to 23 °C showed that since 1999, when the average temperature of May in the basin was between 19 and 23 °C, the production and yield of barberry has also increased. Considering that the temperature in the study basin has an increasing trend and the growing period of barberry has different temperature conditions in each stage, the increase in the temperature of the basin can lead to the displacement of the months of the growing period of barberry. Barberry is a product that grows better in cold and mountainous areas, if the temperature increases in the study area, it affects the yield of the product and causes a quantitative and qualitative decrease of this product.

The Scientometrics method helps researchers identify and examine the different views of researchers and gaps in studies in a specific field of knowledge. The main goal of this research is to comprehensively understand the studies conducted in the field of "climate changes and tourism" in four main parts (ontological, why, challenges and strategies) through the review of related scientific documents in the world and Iran. The research method is qualitative and a type of meta-study is called Meta-synthesis. A Meta-synthesis is a type of qualitative study. In-depth interpretation and analysis of the studies done is important for a deeper understanding of the issues. In this research, in order to achieve the main goal of the research, the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Baros was used. The library method was used to collect data. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search based on relevant keywords has been conducted from Scopus, Web of Science, and Elsevier databases. VOSviewer software has been used to understand the development and evolution of the field and the most important concepts in climate change studies and the tourism industry. Cluster analysis and synonym configuration methods have been used in SciMAT software to understand the structure of climate change research in the tourism industry. The research results show that the research pattern in four main clusters, Assessment, impacts, vulnerability, compatibility studies and mitigation are categorized. In the last decade, studies have gone towards climate change adaptation research and climate change reduction strategies and the simultaneous investigation of the effects of COVID-19 and climate change on the tourism industry.

Despite having the second place in the world in terms of natural gas reserves, Iran has practically not played an active and influential role in world trade and the export of natural gas and liquefied gas, and despite its privileged geo-economic and geo-energetic position, it has reached a position that is commensurate with the capacities and potentials of its geographic economy. It has not been found. The main problem of the research is, how is the role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade and geopolitics of energy, during the next decades at the regional and global levels? The main goal of this research is to analyze the increasing role and importance of liquefied gas in the global gas trade. and the geopolitics of energy, at the regional and global levels, in the coming decades. The research method is a cross-sectional survey method, which is based on the objective of the applied type and based on the nature of the descriptive and analytical type. The studied community, professors and experts in the subject field The study has a sample size of 34 people and a questionnaire has been used to measure the formation of research variables. Library findings and the results of the research questionnaire, using the software Spsand the test and multivariate regression has been analyzed.The results and inferential findings of the research show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of liquefied gas in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of production infrastructures And the export of liquefied gas can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. Although oil and gas will not completely disappear in the coming decades, hydrocarbons will gradually and increasingly give way to renewable energies. This transfer of energy from fossil energy to renewable energy can turn the rich oil and gas reserves of countries like Iran into stray capitals in the not too distant future. Among fossil fuels, liquefied gas or LNG has characteristics that can play an important and effective role in meeting the needs of human societies during the transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources. The capabilities of storage, long-haul transportation by ship, re-export and re-gasification make LPG a flexible and attractive resource in the energy transfer process. The results and inferential findings show that due to the advantages, increasing demand and consumption of LNG in the transition period on the one hand, and the geographical location and unique capacities of Iran for the production and export of liquefied gas on the other hand, the development of infrastructures The production and export of LNG can compensate for the decrease in Iran's oil exports and revenues during the period of transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies. In short, production and export liquid gas In the process of transition from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy sources and in the transition period, it has valuable results, the most important of which are:1.The current situation of the world trade in liquefied natural gas does not correspond with Iran's share of the world's gas reserves. A look at the global LNG trade shows that Iran practically has no place in the regional and global trade of liquefied gas. Iran, as the second country in the world in terms of huge reserves of natural gas, especially in the oil and gas fields of the Persian Gulf, If properly planned and appropriate economic diplomacy is adopted, it can well become one of the most important countries in the world in the world trade of liquefied gas. 2.Contrary to geopolitical restrictions and issues related to natural gas export pipelines, Iran's possession of long coastlines in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of ​​Oman on the one hand, and the ability of LNG to be transported through large ocean-going ships, can make Iran in line with To connect the export of liquefied gas to all world markets. 3.The advantages of liquid gas as a relatively "flexible" fuel, with the ability to store, regasify, load and re-export, and the possibility of using LNG terminals to store, transfer and export liquid hydrogen, ammonia, etc. The future makes LNG a superior "transition" fuel. 4.The capabilities of LNG as a relatively "flexible" fuel with less emissions can reduce energy transmission costs and energy security risks in many countries of the world, especially less developed countries, in the process of transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energies. and renewables, and help boost the liquefied gas business globally. Production and export planning liquid gas, Parallel Applying an active and intelligent economic diplomacy at the regional and global levels will bring very valuable results in the direction of securing national interests, attracting foreign exchange resources, increasing government revenues and economic development of the country along with will have.

Water is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of water resources and its transmission. These mentioned factors will show the importance of the water sector and economic and social security at the national level. One of the inter-basin water transfer projects that is being studied and implemented is the transfer of water from Beheshtabad to Zayandehroud. Beheshtabad project is the name used to transfer water from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of inter-basin water transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which has been collected using descriptive-analytical research method and using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings show that most experts believe that the implementation of this plan has negative consequences on the provinces of origin in particular and on national security in general. Political activism, security challenges (ethnic conflicts), social, economic and environmental tensions resulting from not studying and incorrect feasibility of the plan are among the issues that make the justification of its implementation appear unjustified.

China, as an emerging power that has been recognized by the world since the beginning of the 21st century, has actually stepped on the path of economic development since the end of the 70s with fundamental reforms. This country, which was initially the place of investment for western companies, has now taken the initiative of investing in other regions of the world and is implementing large projects that focus on two issues, energy and transportation. are.China is currently seeking to expand its presence in other regions of the world with a large economy and as the largest factory producing goods and with a population of more than 1.3 billion people. In the meantime, the Middle East region, with its many advantages, such as energy and special geographical location, etc., is one of the areas of interest to China. In this regard, the author tries to find the answer to the following basic question with an analytical-descriptive method in the present article titled "Geopolitical analysis of the process of China's presence in the Middle East region in economic and political dimensions":How is China's presence in the Middle East from a geopolitical point of view? In this article, the conclusion has been reached that the geopolitical relations between China and the Middle East are mostly based on geo-economics, and in this regard, China has tried to avoid entering into security-political conflicts in this region as much as possible. The data of this research has been collected in a library-document way.

The main goal of this research is to analyze the time series trend of fire events in natural areas and reveal the relationship between these fire events and vegetation levels in Lorestan province. In this regard, the data of the fire product of the Madis sensor (MOD14A1) and the vegetation product (MOD13A3) of the Madis sensor were used during the statistical period of 2000-2020. The monthly and annual spatial distribution of fires in Lorestan province was investigated. Cross-information matrix analysis and spatial correlation matrix were used to reveal the relationship between fire occurrences and vegetation. The results showed that more than 70% of the total frequency of fire occurrences in natural resources fields (fires with code 2) in Lorestan province is related to June and then July. In terms of the long-term trend, the 21-year trend of the frequency of fire incidents in the province showed that the frequency of incidents in the natural resources areas of the province has generally increased with an annual slope of 3 incidents. The results of the correlation analysis between the monthly vegetation cover and the annual frequency of fire occurrences showed that the fire occurrences in the province showed a significant correlation with the vegetation cover changes in 4 months of the growing period, i.e. from May to August. Cross-matrix analysis between the spatial distribution of fire occurrence foci and NDVI index, both of which were products of MODIS measurement, indicated that, in general, the highest frequency of fire occurrences in Lorestan province in the period from May to August corresponds to Greenness range was 0.15 to 0.22. This range of vegetation generally corresponded to rainfed lands, weak pastures and low-density forest patches

Water is an important source of life for humans and animals. Without water, it can be acknowledged that life and the environment will disappear. Iran has been mentioned as one of the countries that has faced the problem of water shortage; And if important policies in the field of water management are not adopted, the water shortage crisis will face local and national security with fundamental challenges. Kerman, as one of the central provinces of Iran, has been raised with the issue of water scarcity and water security. The main goal of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province. The research method used is descriptive-analytical, with library resources and internet sites, to the main question, what are the effects of water management policies on reducing water scarcity in Kerman province? answers. The results obtained from the research findings show that policies such as transferring water between basins (Beheshtabad and Safaroud) are not very suitable, but management models such as economic efficiency, virtual water, etc. are more effective, and the use of virtual water Among these models, it can be the best solution.

The purpose of this research is the comparative model of loyalty. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the research included Iranian and Chinese tourists and 18 prominent university professors and experts. The tool asked by the researcher was tourism satisfaction, the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha is 0.81, the data was collected using NetLogo, and the 5 components that had the most impact on the tourism of the two countries were based on the opinions of experts. In response to the relevant questionnaires, among the influential factors, in the study of tourists' wages. We measured the internal relationships of components and sub-components with this software، In this research, first, five factors with the dimensions stated in the model were measured on satisfaction, and the mutual effects of the factors were identified using the software based on the basis of different scenarios (pessimistic, favorable and optimistic). In order to accommodate the loyalty of tourism, which also the simulation results show that the more up-to-date facilities such as smart technology, facilities, manpower training and the moderation of strict government policy and the level of advertising, and bring the tourist's expectations closer to the moderation level, the more trips will be made. It is between Iran and China. The most influential variable of intelligentization, which is a new approach to develop tourism and attract tourists in countries, and provide services that satisfy tourists and as a result, the continuation of tourism loyalty in the future of this industry.

form of government and type of political regime, geography of power and support, ecological minorities, strategic environment and surrounding spaces of the country, etc. are effective in dividing the land space. In Iran, due to the territorial extent and the territorial model of the country's administration, which is of a simple type, the country's division system is affected by the orders and programs issued from the capital. The historical survey of the country's provinces shows that since the Islamic revolution, the number of provinces has increased in terms of numbers, but in terms of quality, there is no proper and desirable trend in their development. Kermanshah province, as one of the western provinces of the country, has 14 cities, 31 urban centers, 86 villages and 2,793 villages in line with the country division system.. The main goal of the article is to identify the most influential factor among the four political, geographical, economic and social factors affecting the efficiency of the national division system of Kermanshah province. The main question raised is that Which of the four political, geographical, economic and social factors affecting the efficiency of the national division system in Kermanshah province has had the greatest impact? Therefore, this research has been done with a quantitative method and with the nature of a descriptive-analytical method. Also, to analyze the findings of the article, the method of factor analysis and one-sample T-test have been used. The target sample size was 95 experts and specialists in the field of country divisions in the governorates of Kermanshah province who answered the questions. The results of the research findings show that among the four case factors investigated in this article, economic factors have had the greatest impact on the efficiency of the national division system of Kermanshah province.

Today, urban development following the classical model of urban development has led to unstable conditions in cities and urban neighborhoods. Therefore, in recent years, the neo-urbanism movement has been formed as a new approach to urban design and planning in criticism of contemporary urban development, which has a scattered, non-human and machine-like pattern.

The main purpose of this research was to identify implementation priorities in order to realize the model of neo-urbanism in the prominent neighborhoods of Isfahan city (Sanbalistan, Jolfa, Khane Isfahan and Sepahan Shahr). Therefore, the method of this descriptive-analytical research was chosen. At first, a list of primary factors that play a role in urbanism were identified as research variables. In the next step, using the mutual effects analysis method and Micmac software, the degree of influence of primary factors on each other was evaluated in the form of experts' questionnaire. Finally, by using the two-dimensional analysis method and combining the impact scores and average scores, implementation priorities were determined.

The findings of the research showed that in Sanbalistan neighborhood, eleven agents, Jolfa neighborhood, eleven agents, Khaneh Isfahan neighborhood, eight agents, and finally, in Sepahan Shahr neighborhood, twelve agents have executive priority to realize the new urbanism model. Among the important factors and indicators of new urbanism in the neighborhoods, we can mention suitable urban furniture at the neighborhood level, a sense of vitality and vitality in the neighborhood, regular welfare programs for the well-being and vitality of the residents, security and safety at night in some remote places, quality Special pedestrian routes are indicated.

Today, it is inevitable to rely on new patterns of urban planning in the planning and development of urban neighborhoods. The issue that is necessary for managers and urban planners is that each neighborhood has different characteristics and indicators and factors should be localized in each neighborhood and studied specifically. However, based on the results of the research, five factors include suitable urban furniture at the neighborhood level, a sense of vitality and vitality in the neighborhood, regular welfare programs for the well-being and vitality of the residents, security and safety at night in some remote places, the quality of special routes for pedestrians. Walking is a common priority among all the studied neighborhoods.

Precipitation is one of the most important climatic elements, and its importance increases especially when heavy rains occur. Investigating rainfall or heavy rainfall in a region requires analysis of synoptic patterns. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the heavy rains in the catchment area of Zayandeh Rood Dam. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data of Kohrang, Fereydon Shahr, Shahrekord, Daran, Pol Zaman Khan, Farrokh Shahr, Chadegan and Saman stations during the statistical period of 1958-2019 were used. After examining the data, two rainfall events on 7/1/2004 and 12/3/2005, which were heavy rains (rainfall above 20 mm) in the study area, were selected and their co-occurrence patterns were analyzed. The data related to geopotential height of three levels of 500, 700 and 850 hectopascals was obtained from the NOAA site and its maps were drawn in Arc Gis software. The obtained results showed that heavy rains occur in the studied basin when cold air in higher latitudes moves to lower latitudes and obtains the necessary moisture over the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. When the trough axis is located in the eastern Mediterranean and there is a lot of humidity, it causes heavy rains in the studied area. In general, it can be stated that the heaviest rains in the studied area occur in March and the Mediterranean and Sudanese systems cause heavy rains in this area.

Extreme weather events cause serious problems in the normal course of human life due to their scope and time span. Heavy snowfall in the Guilan coastal plain is one of the most dangerous phenomena. In this research, three heavy snows in Guilan province during the statistical period of 1998 to 2018 (20 years) have been analyzed synoptically and satellite. For this purpose, snowfall data were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of Guilan Province, data used for synoptic maps from the NOAA site (NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 1) and satellite images from the Modis sensor site. Then, with the environmental to circulation approach, the synoptic systems were identified according to the origin of formation from a few days before to the day of snowfall. The results showed that three heavy snowfalls were caused by the coordinated expansion of two Siberian dynamic and thermal anticyclone and European anticyclone, bipolar blocking and European high pressure. Also, the study of the snow area by using the Terra satellite Modis images showed that three heavy snowfalls cover more than 70% of the province's area. Therefore, heavy snowfalls in 2005, 2008 and 2017 covered 70.94, 90.44 and 81.46 percent of Guilan province, respectively.

Schoolyards are places where students spend about 20 to 25% of their time there. When the schoolyard is designed to meet students' needs, it can become a dynamic place for entertaining and educating students. To maintain active participation in the schoolyard, students need thermal comfort. This research aims to determine the optimal geometry of the courtyards of girls' primary schools in Isfahan City to ensure students' comfort. For this purpose, the pattern of public schools for girls in Isfahan was examined. Moreover, previous studies and criteria of the School Renovation Organization were reviewed, as well as the dominant geometry of girls' schools in Isfahan City and the geometric pattern of the tests. The thermal simulation of the geometric patterns was carried out using Envi-met software in two 8-hour periods on June 21 (summer solstice) and December 21 (winter solstice). By comparing the thermal performances of the models, it was determined that the optimal model for students was determined by the number of hours of thermal comfort provided by each model. A model that obtains the maximum amount of heat from the sun and the surrounding environment in winter while obtaining the least amount of heat in summer provides the optimal shape and form of the open space in a building to provide the most hours of thermal comfort. Thus, Considering the importance of providing thermal comfort in the school yard for the active participation of students and turning the schoolyard into an educational space, the optimal geometry of the yard in this research of girls' primary schools in Isfahan city to determine the maximum hours' Thermal comfort was obtained. When the building is placed centrally or in a summerhouse, open spaces have good thermal performance in summer since they have a small width on the south side, so they are exposed to sunlight and receive heat for fewer hours. In addition, since the prevailing wind direction in Isfahan City in summer is from the east, the eastern side of the yard is more exposed to the wind, resulting in greater cooling. The simulation results indicate that models with a ratio of 2.5 to 1, which are U-shaped buildings (those with north, east, and south fronts) and L-shaped buildings (those with north and west fronts or north and west fronts), have good thermal performance. In the cold season, they have an east-west elongation with a ratio of 2.5 to 1, which indicates the extent of the south side of the building, which receives the most heat in the cold season and can provide comfortable conditions for students in schoolyards. Since the prevailing wind in the cold season blows from the west, the small size of the west side causes the open space of the proposed models to be less exposed to the wind. It is also suggested to prevent the wind from entering the open space in the cold season by using obstacles, such as planting trees or building artifacts on the west side.

Water, as one of the main components for life, affects human security if it is lacking or reduced. The challenges and conflicts of people for the right and access to water resources at local and national levels with each other and even the war between governments at regional and international levels show the important role of water. The tensions caused by the lack of water in the central regions of Iran, such as Isfahan and Kerman, in recent years, indicate the insecurity and sense of danger for the water resources of these provinces. Kerman province, with an area of over 180,000 square kilometers, is the largest province in the south of the country. With an average annual rainfall of 129 mm, this province is considered one of the dry regions in the country. The main goal of this article is to Investigating the water security situation in Kerman province. The main question raised is what is the water security situation in Kerman province? The hypothesis that is raised in response to this question is that water security in Kerman province is not in a good condition. This article has been done using the field method (questionnaire) and descriptive-analytical approach. The sample size was 384 people, which was obtained using Cochran's formula. The results of the findings show that according to the water transfer plans and water management patterns planned to improve the water resources situation in Kerman province, water security in this province is not in a good condition.

Climate is variable in time and space, so detecting a significant trend is a major challenge for researchers. Calculating the trends of climatic elements such as average temperature, maximum, and minimum temperature has been the subject of many studies in recent years. It has been carried out in different regions around the world. Most studies in this field have focused on large-scale temperature trends. However, more research is needed to focus on the change that occurs at the regional level. In this way, the research conducted on the decadal trends of the average temperature in different regions provides impressive results. In order to study how global warming affects life at the regional level, climate change models and assessments often assume that the impact will be uniform. However, temperature does not increase uniformly in space or time.

In this research, the analyzed monthly data of ERA-Interim with a resolution of 0.25*0.25 degrees during the time period of 1979-2019 from the ECMWF website (European Center for Weather Forecasting) has been used. According to the area of the Abraqo-Sirjan catchment area and the resolution of the studied data, 338 points of the entire basin were covered and studied. Also, the data of the link indices from the North Atlas and South Atlas regions, which were extracted from the NOA site at the same time as the mentioned period, were used. Pearson's correlation and linear regression tests were used to investigate the relationship between the average temperature of the watershed and the remoteness indices.

Examining the average temperature trend of the Abrago-Sirjan basin area showed that except for the months of April, May, August, and December, the other months only have an increasing trend. In April, the northern areas and parts of the west and east of the basin have an increasing trend. Other parts of the basin have no trend. In this month, 37.05% of the area of the basin is covered by the increasing trend zone and 62.94% by the non-trending zone. In May, the northern half of the basin has an increasing trend and covers 48.95% of the area of the basin. The southern half with an area of 29252.85 square kilometers is without trend and covers 51.04% of the area of the basin. In August, only a very small part of the north of the basin showed an increasing trend. This area with an area of 5728.55 square kilometers includes 9.99% of the area of the basin. Other parts of the basin, which includes about 90% of the area of the basin, do not have any trend. In the month of December, the area has been expanding and has covered more parts of the area of the basin. In this month, an increasing trend has been observed in the northern half of the basin, parts of the center, and south of the basin. The area of increasing trend in this month with an area of 43,886.6 km2 has covered 76.57 km2 of the area of the basin. The no-trend area with an area of 13422.44 km2  includes 23.42% of the area of the basin. Correlation between the average temperature of the basin and teleconnection patterns also showed that only the NAO pattern in February showed an inverse correlation at a 95% significance level with the temperature of the basin and other patterns had a direct correlation with the temperature of the basin. In January, TSA and AMO patterns, in February, NAO, TNA, AMO, AMM and NTA patterns; in March TNA, TSA, AMM and NTA patterns; In April, TNA, TSA, AMO patterns; In May, TSA and AMO patterns; In June, the AMO pattern; In July, NTA and TNA patterns; In August, AMO and NTA patterns; In September, AMM and NAO patterns; In November, AMM, AMO and TNA patterns and in December, AMM and TNA patterns have shown correlation with average temperature. In the months of February, March, May, July and September, in addition to the correlation at the significance level of 95%, correlations were also observed at the 99% level, and a major part of the basin has correlations with distant teleconnection patterns.

The results of investigating the average temperature trend of the Abarqo-Sirjan basin showed that the temperature in this basin has only an increasing trend, and during the period of 1979-2019, there was no decreasing trend in the average temperature of this basin. In the months of January, February, March, June, July, September, October, and November, and on an annual scale, all basins have an increasing trend. In the months of April, May, August, and December, apart from the increasing trend zone, the no-trend zone is also observed at the basin level. Among the studied patterns, the AMO pattern has shown more correlation with the average temperature of the basin than other patterns. After that, TNA, AMM, NTA, and TSA patterns have the highest correlation. In the cold months of the year, the lowest correlation between the distance and average temperature of the basin was observed, and in the warm months of the year, a larger area of the basin showed a correlation.

The water streams branching from Zayandehroud in the city of Isfahan are called Madi and they are among the unique features of the structure of this city. In the past, they were used to irrigate agricultural lands, but today, with the change in their function, they have lost their past identity and efficiency. The expansion of activities and fundamental changes in the urban structure and elements have caused the loss of the importance and identity of Madi issues in the city of Isfahan. The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the Madi problems of Regions 1 and 3 of Isfahan and solutions to organize them. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. In this regard, the existing Madi problems of these two areas were identified by field sampling and using a satellite positioning device. Then, the perceived problems were categorized and solutions related to their solution were presented. According to the conducted studies, the length of the Madi network of Region 1 is 10921 meters (10.9 km) and the Madi of Cheshme Niasserm is the longest Madi of this region with 3624 meters. In Region 3, the length of the Madi is 10,921.59 meters (10.9 km) and the Niaseram spring Madi is the longest one in this area with 3,624.72 meters. The results showed that Madies of Region 1 have 33 types of problems, the most important of which are bed slope correction and cleaning. In Region 3, 18 problems have been identified, of which dredging and cleaning are the main ones. Organizing the green space around the properties and using urban furniture and creating a space for the residents around the properties are among the most important management solutions for organizing the properties in these two regions.

In recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the temperature changes of Isfahan city and its surroundings in a forty-year period (1979-2018). The current research is based on the purpose of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical according to the subject of the research and its nature, and to investigate the temperature changes affected by the changes in land use and urban development of Isfahan city, temperature data from The city of Isfahan and the area of ​​50 kilometers around the city of Isfahan have been collected from the database of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To verify the accuracy, the data of meteorological stations of Isfahan, Isfahan Airport and Najaf-Abad have been compared and evaluated. became. The results of the research show that in this 40-year period, we have seen a significant increase in the average annual temperature from 0.06 degrees in the eastern area of ​​Isfahan city to 0.11 degrees in the western area. This means that the average temperature of Isfahan city and its surrounding areas has increased between 2.5 degrees and 4 degrees during a period of 40 years.

Choosing the optimal location for emergency or temporary accommodation of crisis-affected populations is one of the issues that is always considered by responsible organizations in crisis management. The city of Isfahan, being located near two very important nuclear centers within a radius of 10 and 100 km and for various political reasons, can be the main focus of military attacks as well as terrorist attacks. At a time when the greatest focus is on urban terrorist attacks and there is a very high probability of such attacks in the city of Isfahan, it seems that addressing the issue of temporary accommodation after the attack can be considered as one of the main categories. Passive defense related issues.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial location of temporary housing in Isfahan with a passive defense approach.

This research is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature and method and applied research in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, using spatial data and performing relevant analyzes in the GIS and multi-criteria decision model AHP, VIKOR has been taken. The statistical population of this study is urban experts in Isfahan and the sample size is 60 experts through theoretical saturation. The sampling method is snowball sampling. 

Studied Areas:

The city of Isfahan with a longitude of 51 degrees and 38 minutes east and a latitude of 32 degrees and 38 minutes north and an area of 550 square kilometers.

The results show that among the criteria affecting the location of temporary housing, the land slope criterion with a score of 0.097 is the most important and the criterion of access to welfare service complexes with a score of 0.021 is the least important criterion according to experts.

According to the studies, the lands of the northeastern part (lands between Rahmatabad and Kameshcheh areas) of 30 km are suitable for temporary accommodation.

Water, as an element that plays an important and main role in human life, has become one of the most challenging issues in the current era. Almost most of the governments pay attention to the state of water resources of their land and look for solutions for the proper and better use of water resources by the people so that they cannot face the crisis of water shortage and reduction of water resources. while 31 countries in the world are currently facing water scarcity, and by 2025, another 17 countries will. They will also join this group due to the increase in population. One of the countries that has faced the challenge of reducing water scarcity is Iran. In the meantime, some provinces have faced the challenge of water shortage earlier than other provinces. Kerman province is one of the provinces where, due to the role of the agricultural sector in the employment and economic income of its people, the problem of water shortage and drought is evident in it. The main goal of this article is to analyze the effective solutions to reduce water shortage in Kerman province. Based on this, the main question raised is which solution is better and more effective to deal with water shortage in Kerman province? To answer this question, the descriptive-analytical research method and the tools of library collection and internet sites have been used and the research findings have been obtained. The results of the research show that Kerman province has water shortage challenges and water resource management models can be better and more efficient in solving water shortage problems and reducing water resources than water transfer projects (Beheshtabad and Safaroud).

The concept of citizen participation is not new. Today, there is a greater desire to employ modern participatory technologies, with population or community-based strategies, such as participatory volunteered location-based crowdsourcing (VGIS) software to make the cities smarter. Because, in addition to being location-based, the system is voluntary and can simultaneously collect humans’ data. However, there is no precise understanding of how experts are going to execute this method in practice; thus, this study helps to fill this important research gap. The objective of this research is to determine the key factors that have a significant impact on the adoption and utilization of new volunteer crowdsourcing technologies, specifically location-based systems like volunteered geographic information (VGI), as a means of crowdsourcing in urban management, as viewed by both researchers and officials. The research, in terms of its practical goal and nature, is descriptive-analytical. In this study, two qualitative methods, Delphi and the quantitative survey questionnaire, were used sequentially and their results were combined. The results were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis by SPSS software to extract the main components. The research results show that, according to researchers, the most important and effective factors for the successful design and implementation of the voluntary geographic information system technology and its acceptance by citizens are citizens. However, according to municipal officials and experts, the most important factor is organizational and institutional factors, which refer to policy-making and legal support. In fact, municipal officials and experts believe that in order for citizens to accept voluntary location-based technology, the path should be determined by top-level officials first.

A sense of belonging makes one rebuild and renovate the home and the local environment. Index of Spatial Belonging of Citizens in Districts 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran Metropolis. Using a survey method and a questionnaire, the opinions of 384 citizens were classified according to Cochran's formula by sampling method and the results showed that the quality of realization and having a spatial affiliation component in the three study areas is different based on multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, the analysis of planning priority to realize the feeling of spatial belonging in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model shows that the index of feeling of spatial belonging in region 20 is the lowest and in general it can be said that the quality of realization The sense of spatial belonging according to the weights obtained in District 20 as a representative of lower urban areas is less than 12 and 1 as a representative of medium and prosperous urban areas, and only in District 1 of Tehran this sense of belonging is appropriate and desirable. the people of districts 12 and 20, as residents of the middle and lower classes of Tehran, do not have this feeling of satisfaction and sense of belonging. Therefore, the national media content planning strategy of the media should be in line with the strategic plan of promoting urban resilience in Tehran and regulating the sense of spatial belonging of the citizens of 12th and 20th districts of Tehran.

Water is one of the main elements of life and the basis of a wide range of socio-economic activities, and its lack causes serious problems in life. Population growth and the development of industrial and agricultural activities have increased the demand for water resources and turned water supply into one of the main challenges in arid and semi-arid regions. According to climatic classifications, large parts of Isfahan province have dry and semi-dry weather and the average annual rainfall is about 163 millimeters. However, this province has been faced with the increase in economic activities and population growth for the last 6 decades, which over time has led to a chronic lack of water, and since the last two decades, with the worsening of the water shortage situation, some signs of water crisis have appeared. Some of them are: the complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehroud river in a large part of its riverbed, the complete drying of the Gavkhuni wetland in the downstream, the occurrence of subsidence in a large number of plains of the province, the unemployment of farmers in the downstream of the river, and persistent political and social protests. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the occurrence of water crisis in the province is one of the most important steps in facing this phenomenon, and the current research seeks to identify the factors that cause this situation and rank these factors.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to identify the factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the data was collected through the literature review. The collected affecting factors categorized into 7 main factors and 27 sub-factors. Then, they organized in the form of a questionnaire, and after that by referring to 15 experts and specialists; the initially identified factors were modified and ranked through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique using the Expert Choice software. In this stage, the factors that based on the answers of the experts their average score was less than 3 were eliminated, and thus the final factors were reduced to 5 main factors and 16 sub-factors.

Due to its centrality in the country and due to political considerations and despite severe climatic limitations, since the last 6 decades, Isfahan province has faced the establishment of large industrial factories and the development of agriculture, followed by the increase in population and the growth of urbanization and immigration. This situation and the sharp increase in water consumption have caused the province to face a severe shortage and even signs of a water crisis. The findings of the research show that the five political, human, agricultural, industrial and climatic factors have the greatest influence on the occurrence of water shortage and crisis in the province with weights of 0.325, 0.271, 0.189, 0.124 and 0.091 respectively. Among the five identified main factors affecting the water crisis in Isfahan province, the political factor has played the biggest role. It can be said that the current state of the water crisis in the province is the result of the decisions of the political managers in the past 6 decades, which has intensified over time. Since the last two decades, some obvious signs of the water crisis have appeared in the region. The complete interruption of the flow of the Zayandehrud river in large part of its riverbed and the drying up of the Gavkhuni wetland are the most notable cases. Also the land subsidence in large number of plains even in Isfahan city, which caused damage to houses, public places and historical and touristic buildings. The unemployment rate increased among the farmers in the downstream due to the lack of sufficient water for farming leads persistent socio-political protests.  

The continuous development of industries, cities, agriculture, and the population of the province has increased the demand for water consumption and destroyed the ecological balance, and threatened the water resources. With the continuation of the increase in the establishment of industries, immigration, development of agriculture and services in Isfahan province, the situation of water shortage is intensifying over the time. It seems that in order to improve the situation, it is necessary for the policy makers to reconsider the fact that Isfahan province is an industrial hub and has the first rank in many cases of agricultural and industrial production. They should decide for the gradual transfer of high water-consuming industries and the control of immigration and revision in development plans and changing the cultivation pattern of agricultural crops towards low water-consuming crops, which are appropriate to the province's climate.