امین باقری کراچی

The primary aim of this research was to design a conceptual framework for adult universities with a focus on Islamic Azad universities.

The qualitative method of inductive theme analysis was employed in this research. Potential participants included higher education professionals, adult graduate students, and retirees studying at universities; 31 of them were selected as participants through targeted sampling. The selection criteria for participants were having the necessary experience in adult education (at least one article, one book, or at least one year of teaching in the field of adult education) or being among adult students or retired graduate students. The sampling selection criterion was theoretical saturation of the data. Validation of the research was conducted using four criteria: credibility, neutrality, reliability, and applicability.

The findings revealed that the conceptual framework of adult universities consists of three dimensions (key, content, and implementation) and 20 criteria (related to the mind, freedom of action and respect, self-awareness, group orientation, motivation, self-expression, skill development, communication, lifelong learning, flexibility, evaluation and mentorship, needs orientation, goal setting, policy making, platform creation, content development, implementation, and evaluation).

Attention to the dimensions and criteria uncovered in this research paves the way for establishing an adult university and ensures the necessary sensitivity in this field.

To design a framework for a teacher training curriculum that emphasizes research on future, initially a number university professors with expertise in futurology and curriculum development and interested in the study were interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and continued to the point of saturation which was reached after 10 interviews. The gathered data were theme analyzed and result was the identification of basic concepts and constituents which consisted of the logic, purpose, content, teaching methods, instructional material and resources, and methods of evaluation. Validity and reliability of the findings were confirmed through triangulation and external experts’ supervision. Then, at the second stage of the study, a group of eight university professors and 40 teachers who were accessible, was given a questionnaire that was constructed based on the initial findings, and the validity and internal consistency of which was confirmed through experts’ opinion and alpha calculation. A single group t-test was used to measure the instrument’s validity which was desirable.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the readiness of Fars Farhangian University in implementing e-learning. The method used was descriptive-survey. statistical population consisted of students and professors of Shahid Bahonar and Rajaei Campus in the academic year 1399-1400. The number of samples of students and professors based on Morgan table was 378 and 102, respectively, and was selected using stratified random sampling. To measure students' and professors' readiness, standard questionnaire Watkins (2004) and Afyuni (2013) ,respectively, was used. The face and content validity were confirmed by experts. Their reliability was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings showed: The level of readiness of professors in general and in dimensions: is at an acceptable level but significantly lower than the desired level is; The level of readiness of students in general and in the dimensions at a higher level It is acceptable, although it is significantly lower than the desired level; There is no significant difference between readiness of professors and students of both Campus. There is no significant difference between readiness of humanities and basic sciences students. Considering to results is necessary to take the necessary measures to improve this level of readiness to the desired level.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the students' perception of the quality of the learning environment and climate in the shahid Rajaei Campus of  Farhangian University.

In this study, descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was 477 students of Shahid Rajaei campus (Department of elementary education), A sample of  245 was selected by stratified random sampling. The instrument used to collect data was the Roff  et al questionnaire, The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90,  which indicates the reliability of  the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), t and chi-square were used to analyze the datas.

The findings of  the research showed that the perception average of the students of  the educational climate  and social conditions of education was lower than the average, and their perception of  the quality of learning, teachers' evaluation and their academic ability was higher than the average.

Farhangian University, should strive to create a better image of the university.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges of teaching Islamic ethics to students in the elementary school. The approach of this research was qualitative and the method used was thematic analysis. The potential participants of this research were all the teachers and educators of the elementary school, among whom 10 people were selected as participants by the purposeful criterion sampling method. The research tool was semi-structured interview. First, the key question, what are the challenges of teaching ethics to students in elementary school? asked and then according to the received answers, the following questions were also asked. In this research, 4 overarching themes and 14 organizing themes were identified regarding the challenges of teaching ethics to students in elementary school. Based on these themes, it can be concluded that the current situation of teaching ethics to students in elementary school, from 4 perspectives, "the content of ethical teaching ", "content teaching knowledge ", "the physical space and emotional atmosphere of the school" and “the inconsistency and duality between different elements in ethical teaching” have damages and challenges. Identifying these challenges can help education planners in solving the challenges and obstacles of ethics education.

Learning at any age can be useful and effective, and adults can also benefit from higher education. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experience of adult students studying in Islamic Azad University.

The qualitative method of theme analysis was used in the research method. The participants were adult graduate students and retirees studying at the university, and 23 people were selected from among them through a purposeful criterion-based sampling method. The criteria for selecting the participants was having the necessary experience in the field of adult education and being among adult students or retired graduate students. The selection criteria for sampling was the theoretical saturation of the data. Validation of the research was done using four criteria of credibility (credibility), impartiality (verifiability), reliability (compatibility), and applicability (transferability).

The findings showed that the conceptual framework of adult higher education consists of 3 dimensions (key, content and executive) and 20 criteria (belonging to the mind, freedom of action and respect, self-awareness, group-oriented, motivational, self-expression, skill-oriented, communication, lifelong learning, flexibility, evaluation and mentorship, need-oriented, goal setting, policy making, platform creation, content creation, implementation and evaluation).

Paying attention to the dimensions and criteria discovered in this research provides the way to create higher adult education and the necessary sensitivity in this field.

TThe purpose of this study was to design a conceptual framework for child-friendly elementary school in Iran. The present study was conducted by phenomenological method. In this study, 16 teachers with teaching experience in elementary school were selected as participants. Inclusion criteria included having at least two years of teaching experience in primary school and having at least one article, book or research project in a field related to a child-friendly school. Targeted sampling and snowball sampling were used to select participants. The process collecting data continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. Data collection tool was unstructured interview. All interviews were conducted by telephone or virtual network between May and October 2021. Data analysis was performed according to the steps proposed by Greenheim and Landman. The findings showed that the conceptual framework of a child-friendly school consists of 6 dimensions (healthy environment, happy environment, green environment, education, active education, safety and security, child-centered physical space) and 17 criteria. Based on these dimensions and criteria, 6 statements were formulated to explain the characteristics of a child-friendly school.

One of the strong tendencies in human beings is "authoritarianism" or "power-seeking" and includes people who want to dominate others in their social relations; They want to be at the top of the family power pyramid, and when they are at a higher level, they seek to dominate their subordinates. Different situations and states affect authoritarianism. One of the places where such behaviors are abundant is the prison.

The aim of this study was to predict the degree of authoritarianism of clients in Shiraz Central Prison based on age, gender and marital status.

This study was a descriptive correlational study. For this purpose, among the central prisoners of Shiraz, 374 people were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through the Skinner et al.’s (2005) authoritarianism in the family questionnaire and the Skinner et al.’s (2005) parenting style questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate t-test, correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance with SPSS software.

The results showed that the mean score of the client’s authoritarianism variable was 3.57, which is higher than the cut-off point 3 (mean scale) and was significance level of p <0.01; This indicates the high level of authoritarianism of the clients. There is a negative and significant relationship between age and authoritarian behavior of clients in Shiraz Central Prison at significance level of p<0.01. It can also be said that men with an average authoritarianism scale of 3.136 have more authoritarian behavior towards women and finally there is a significant difference between clients' authoritarianism and their marital status (being a divorce-child, divorced and normal group). Which indicates that high authoritarian behavior in the children from divorced families was at the level of p<0.001.

It seems that the factor of imprisonment, age, gender and family status play an effective role in the degree of authoritarianism. However, attention to such factors in the degree of authoritarianism can be considered by researchers in more examples and different cultures for managing authoritarian behavior.

The purpose of this study was to design and validate the cultural literacy framework for elementary school teachers. This research was conducted by sequential explanatory strategy. The thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part.Potential participants were academic experts in the 1399 academic year who among them 11 participants were identified using Snowball sampling method. The authenticity of the data (validity and reliability) in the qualitative part was ensured by using the technique of investigator triangulation and trustworthiness. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data; In the quantitative part, descriptive survey method was used and confirmatory factor analysis was used for validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to confirm reliability. Findings of the qualitative section includes 1020 basic conceptual propositions, 3 main components, ten criteria and 85 indicators that by drawing the relationships between them, the conceptual framework of teachers' cultural literacy was formed. At the end of the qualitative section, based on the initial framework obtained from this section, a questionnaire was developed and using it, the opinions of 200 elementary school teachers in district one of Shiraz city regarding the relationship and appropriateness of the components of the framework were received. Confirmatory factor analysis on the data of the quantitative section confirmed the framework derived from the results of the qualitative section, and based on this, the proposed framework of cultural literacy of elementary school teachers was approved. This framework can be used as a tool for measuring cultural literacy as well as designing professional development programs for elementary school teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of green schools’ components in schools. In this research, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was all primary school teachers in Zarghan (292 people) of whom 166 were selected by stratified sampling. The data collection tool was the questionnaire of Islamieh (Islamieh et al., 2019) whose validity was confirmed by researchers and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method at 0.92. Data analysis was performed based on sample t-test and independent t-test. The main findings of the study showed that employment of design and architecture components, the use of technology in energy management, resorting to renewable energy, reform in consumption patterns, and waste management and green purchases in schools are below average. However, the average use of other components is slightly higher than the recommended mean level, but still far from the desired state. It is suggested that the institutions involved in environmental education try and adapt more with the green schools patterns, through proper training, design an action plans.

One of the strong tendencies in human beings is "authoritarianism" or "power-seeking" which appears in the first years of a child's life in human beings, and to the extent that the child is empowered, this tendency is activated in him and his actions and behavior are directed. Gives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the pattern of management of authoritarian behavior among prisoners. The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach using content analysis method and using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and data collection was continued until the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved. Using the content analysis method, 24 clients of Adelabad prison in Shiraz were interviewed. .The findings led to the extraction of several indices that reflect the participants' experiences of the consequences of authoritarianism, including family styles, family upbringing pattern and prison environment. The result was that family factors, positive and negative family pattern structure, family upbringing styles status The structure and context of the prison affect the tendency of individuals to authoritarianism and can cause serious damage to the entire family system, living environment and even the body of society. Abnormal individual position was presented as the main theme of the study.

The aim of this study is to explain the dimensions of simplification in Saleh School (the school expected in the second step of the revolution). In this research, qualitative content analysis method was used. In this study, 11 specialists were selected as a sample. Target-based sampling method was used to select the sample. The research tool was in-depth and semi-structured interviews. To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, various methods were used such as continuous data review, simultaneous data analysis, feedback to interviewees, allocation of sufficient time and observer review. In this study, two dimensions of the relationship between school experiences and real life experiences and avoidance of artificial and unrealistic education were identified as the dimensions of saleh school, and three categories of avoidance of one-way education, avoidance of central memory and information transfer, avoidance of inattention meaningful and deep thoughts as criteria for avoiding artificial and unrealistic education and The 4 categories of appropriateness of school experiences with real life, situational and problem-based learning, accompaniment of work and knowledge, development of real life skills were determined as the criteria for the relationship between school experiences and real life experiences. the author of the survey concludes that education officials can use the results of this research as a basis for achieving simplification in schools.

If the lifestyle of students is unhealthy, sooner or later the disease will afflict them, and if the lifestyle is healthy for students, health will be the product of such a choice. The aim of this study was to study the causes of unhealthy lifestyle in students of Farhangian University.

In this study, qualitative content analysis method was used. The statistical population was 477 students of Shiraz Farhangian University. A sample of 20 people were selected by purposeful sampling. The process of selecting samples and collecting data (completing sampling) continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The research tool was semi-structured interview. All interviews were conducted on campus between April and October 2020. Each interview lasted about 45 minutes. At the beginning of the interview, participants were asked to describe their health lifestyle; The next questions were asked according to the participants' answers. Various methods were used to ensure the validity of the data, such as continuous data review, simultaneous data analysis, feedback to the interviewees, adequate time allocation and observer review.

The results showed that 6 categories are most prominent in the data and interviews. In other words, the respondents spoke in different ways about 6 categories of dietary pattern, health management, sleep and rest, physical activity, personal and environmental health, and mental health.

Students pointed to significant problems in all components of a professional ethics that require more attention from university authorities.

According to the Transformation and Innovation Package in Medical Education, medical universities are expected to move to third generation (i.e., entrepreneurial) universities. This study endeavored to design a framework for organizational characteristics affecting organizational entrepreneurship in medical universities.

Using content analysis method, 16 health management and higher education specialists were included in the study by purposive and snowball sampling. The method of data collection was semi-structured interview and interviews were conducted in the participants’ professional contexts between April and October of the academic year 2020. To ensure the validity of the data, methods such as continuous review and simultaneous analysis of data, feedback to participants and observer review were used. Data were analyzed and coded manually by the researchers.

In this study, the framework of organizational characteristics affecting organizational entrepreneurship in medical universities was designed and the dimensions, criteria, and indicators of this framework were identified. According to this framework, organizational characteristics affecting organizational entrepreneurship consists of seven dimensions are like this: community responsiveness, knowledge and innovation, organizational intelligence and adaptability, financial independence, culture of partnership and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial manpower, an entrepreneurial and technology-based curriculum.

The framework of organizational characteristics affecting organizational entrepreneurship can be a good basis for the movement of medical universities towards organizational entrepreneurship. It is suggested that based on the framework of organizational characteristics, the current situation of organizational entrepreneurship in medical universities and its distance from the desired situation need to be evaluated.

 The aim of this study is to answer the following question: what are competencies required of Iranian universities in the second step of the revolution. 

 The method of the present research is qualitative content analysis and 29 people were selected by Snowball sampling. The process of selecting samples and collecting data continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The research tool was semi-structured interview. Various methods were used to ensure the validity of the data, such as continuous data review, simultaneous data analysis, feedback to the interviewees, adequate time allocation and observer review. 

 The results of the research defined the universities competencies as follow : Islamic identity; Knowledge-based and Learner; Innovation and Intelligence ;having constructive interaction; advanced in technology; Empowered workforce; Leader in science and technology; graduate educated in knowledge–rich environment.

 Universities must acquire these competencies in order to achieve goals of the second step of the revolution.

This study aimed at representing the interpretations of students' experiences of teaching professional ethics in university teachers. In this qualitative study, phenomenological method was used.  Hence, the statistical population was students of Fars Farhangian University, 26 people were selected by Purposive Snowball sampling. The process of selecting samples and collecting data continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. The research tool was semi-structured interview. All interviews were conducted with prior coordination in the university environment in a calm and appropriate atmosphere between October and December in 2019.Various methods were used to ensure the validity of the data, such as continuous data review, simultaneous data analysis, feedback to the interviewees, adequate time allocation and observer review. Then, students' experiences of teaching professional ethics were interpreted in four forms: Personality traits, Content presentation efficiency, Applying modern teaching methods, Proper and proper evaluation. Moreover, students pointed to significant problems in all components of teaching professional ethics that requires more attention from university authorities.

The presence of ethics in university teachers causes the growth of students. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to assessment of the Teaching professional ethics of teachers at farhangian university.

In this study, descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was 477 students of farhangian university of fars. The sample size was 216 according to Cochran's formula, which was extracted from the statistical population using stratified random sampling. The instrument used for datas collection was the Heidary et al Questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha was 0.93.

The results showed that the mean scores of students in all components of the Teaching professional ethics of teachers were above average, but it is far from optimal situation (P<0.0001, M=3.42). Ethical Considerations: Necessary explanations were given about the objectives of the research, the reason for data collection, confidentiality of information and the identity of the respondents. Their informed consent was obtained to participate in the study.

Planning and paying more attention to the Teaching professional ethics should be considered by university administrators.

This study investigated the role of teachers' assessment of school environment health in predicting their mental health and happiness.         

This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population was a group of 254 primary school teachers in the city of Darab, Iran, from whom a sample of 160 was selected by stratified sampling. Happiness and mental health were measured using the Oxford and Gildberg questionnaires, respectively, and teacher’s assessment of environmental health was determined using a researcher-made questionnaire, all the questionnaires being valid and reliable. 

On the whole, 57.23 %, 37.73% and 5.00% of the teachers judged the school environment health to be desirable, moderate and undesirable, respectively. As regards the teachers’ assessment of the school environmental heath, there were statistically significant differences between male and female teachers, local and nonlocal teachers, their field of study (primary education and other fields), schools for boys and for girls, their previous knowledge of health, type of employment (life tenure versus others), and whether they were teaching in health promoting or ordinary schools (p<0.05). The teachers assessment of school environmental health was significantly correlated with happiness and mental health (p<0.0001); their assessment of environmental health could predict 19.8% of happiness changes and 10.2% of mental health changes.        

Judgment of the school environment health by teachers as unfavorable would affect their happiness and mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of daily spiritual experiences in predicting teachers' mental health and resilience.

This research was done by correlation method. The statistical population of the study was all teachers of primary schools in Darab city. A sample of 171 people was selected through stratified sampling. Androud and Terris questionnaires was used to measure daily spiritual experiences, Golberg 's questionnaire was used to measure mental health, and the Conner and Davidson Questionnaires was used to measure the resilience. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The reliability of the daily spiritual, mental health and resiliency questionnaires was 0.92, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively.

18.1% of the respondents were male and 81.9% were female, teaching experience 23.4% of the respondents was less than 10 years old, 39.2% of the respondents were 10-20 years old, 20.5% of the respondents were 20-30 years old and 17% were more than 30 years old. The findings showed that the components of daily spiritual experiences have a positive, direct, and significant correlation with the mental health(r= 0.51) and resilience(r= 0.59) of teachers. Also, variables of God's presence, relationship with God, and sense of conscientiousness toward others have a significant effect on the mental health and resilience of teachers.

Daily spiritual experiences can improve the mental healthand resilience of teachers.

The purpose of this study was to compare self-regulation among students interested in computer games based on the style of play, the place of play, the history of the game, and the hours of playing the day.

The method of this descriptive - comparative type. The statistical population of this research was elementary school students in Baharestan2, a sample of 372 of them selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Bouffard questionnaire (1995) was used to measure self-regulation.

There was a significant difference between students self-regulatory based on computer game styles, computer games history and hours of computer games usage per day(P< .05), But there was no significant difference between self-regulatory learning of students according to the location of the computer game(P< .14). Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis statistical test.

According to the results of the research, schools should take action to identify non-destructive computer games that can help students to improve their self-regulation skills. Provide it to parents and students in the form of educational packages. Students should be justified on the amount of computer gaming hours per day.

One of the strongest tendencies in human beings is "authoritarianism" or "power-seeking", which emerges from the first years of human life in a child and it is activated to the extent that one can expose power and it directs their deeds and behavior. The purpose of this study is to determine authoritarianism in prison psychologists.

This descriptive correlation study was performed by simple random sampling in Shiraz Central Prison. The research population was all the prisoners in Shiraz, 374 of whom were selected through simple random sampling, The information was collected through a questionnaire including authoritarianism and parenting style questionnaire which was measured with 82 questions. The reliability of the authoritarianism questionnaire was 86% and that of the parental questionnaire was 82%, both of which were measured by Chronbach’s alpha. SPSS, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The findings showed that there is a significant positive correlation between family structure in parenting (for prison psychologists) and their authoritarianism (p = <0.01) in a way that the more negative the value of family educational structure (considering the probability of 0.01% error), the more authoritarianism people have.  Although positive constructs can reduce children's authoritarianism, negative parenting in raising children can directly predict the prison psychologists’ authoritarianism (P < 0.01 and Beta = 0.20). There is a significant correlation between the structure of exclusionary families and authoritarianism with r = 0.223 and p < 0.01, between chaotic families and authoritarianism with r = 0.167 and p < 0.05, and between coercive families and authoritarianism with r = 0.146 and p < 0.05.  Although positive constructs can lead to a decline in children's authoritarianism, the dimensions of negative constructs of family structure in education including  exclusionary families (P

The results show that family educational structure is effective on children’s bullying and authoritarianism and that negative parenting has a direct effect on authoritarian behavior. In addition, families with exclusion or coercion constructs have a higher percentage of authoritarian behavior of their children. This confirms the impact of family and family education on children's future behavior and on society’s mental health.

The sense of possessing citizenship rights can create sense of satisfaction and happiness in individuals. this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the sense of possessing citizenship rights with the happiness of teachers. The method of this research was descriptive- correlational type. The statistical population were all teachers in the city of bordkhon, with a sample of 78 of them selected through simple random sampling. Sam Aram & Barzegar questionnaire(2016) was used to measure sense of possessing citizenship rights. Oxford 's questionnaire(2001) was used to measure happiness. Validity and reliability were investigated by the researchers. According to research findings, the level of sense of possessing citizenship rights in teachers seems to be moderate(3.24). Regarding the obtained correlation coefficient, it can be said that the sense of possessing citizenship rights have a positive significant correlation with teachers' happiness(0.65). Based on the results of multivariate regression, the rate of possessing of cultural rights has the highest impact on happiness score, the rate of possessing of social rights and the degree of possessing of civil rights are second and third respectively, in terms of impact on happiness. The sense of possessing citizenship rights plays an essential role in improving the happiness of teachers.

The aim of the current research was to Identification of an optimal Organizational Culture Components in Medical Sciences Universities. The methods of this study was mixed method research. At first, a qualitative content analysis method was used to identify the components of an optimal organizational culture and based on that, a quantitative study was carried out. The statistical population in the quantitative part were all faculty members of Fars University of medical sciences, the sample consist of 152 faculty members who were selected through stratified sampling. In the qualitative part, 25 members were selected using purposive sampling. Researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the data quantitative. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient .83, its content validity was also confirmed by expert comments. Findings of research showed that thinking and innovation, customer orientation, structure and teamwork spirit, accountability, knowledge-based acquisition, interaction and partnership are the components of optimal organizational culture in universities, the average of respondents' opinion about using these six components in medical universities is moderate. Universities of medical science have to adapt their organizational culture to these components.