حمیدطاهر نشاط دوست

 Depression is a common and recurrent mental disorder and one of the main causes of disability. A large number of depressed people report intrusive negative memories, however, there is no specific therapeutic strategy that specifically targets these memories. In this regard, imagery rescripting is a psychotherapeutic technique that addresses memories and previous experiences and aims to improve negative emotions by changing the inner representation of negative memories and images. Although the treatment was initially developed for traumatized individuals, several interventions have yielded promising results for people suffering from other psychological disorders as well. Also, it seems that the interest in and applications of imagery rescripting for depression are quickly increasing. In this direction, the purpose of this article is to review clinical studies assessing the effects of imagery rescripting on depression, as well as possible processes underlying imagery rescripting.

 The present study is a review article that has been collected through study of 37 articles in the field of imagery rescripting, rescripting, imagery, mental imagery, mental images، intrusive memories and depression.

 The review shows that imagery rescripting is associated with a reduction in cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms of depression and related distresses and is an effective intervention for depression, distress of aversive memories and other related variables.

 Overall, it seems that more research is needed to compare different imagery rescripting protocols, investigate mechanisms of change, evaluate modulating factors and therapeutic changes for more effectiveness. Therefore, based on the review, a future research agenda is proposed to provide a sketch for further research in Iranian society.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy based on improving quality of life on anxiety and quality of life in women with vitiligo.

The study employed a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population included all women with vitiligo referred to the Isfahan Dermatology and Leishmaniasis Research Center. From this population, 20 women were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group (10 participants per group). Both groups completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (2004) as pre-tests. After the experimental group completed eight sessions of psychotherapy focused on improving quality of life (one 90-minute session per week for eight weeks), post-tests were administered to both groups immediately and again one month later. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance via SPSS.23 software.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that psychotherapy focused on improving quality of life significantly reduced anxiety scores and increased the quality of life in women with vitiligo.

Given that psychotherapy based on improving quality of life positively affects anxiety and quality of life in women with vitiligo, teaching this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective intervention to reduce anxiety and enhance the quality of life in this population.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation in improving executive functions and the specification of autobiographical memory in preterm preschool children. The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and a control group. The statistical population for this research comprised preterm children in Isfahan city in 1400, from which 20 preterm boys and girls (born at less than 37 weeks of pregnancy) were randomly selected into two experimental and control groups. The research questionnaires included the Autobiographical Memory Task-Preschool Version (AMT-PV, Nuttall et al., 2014), School of Shapes (SST, Espey, 1997), and Brian's mental game. Computerized cognitive rehabilitation involved 25 training sessions lasting 30-45 minutes each (four sessions per week). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results, after controlling for the pre-test effect, indicated a significant difference in the post-test averages of working memory, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and the specification of autobiographical memory in the two experimental and control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, computerized cognitive rehabilitation was found to effectively improve the executive functions and specification of autobiographical memory in preterm preschool children.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms such as mood disorders severely affect patients' quality of life. The interrelationship of multiple non-motor symptoms with each other makes comprehensive therapies necessary to simultaneously address different psychological aspects of patients. The present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of the treatment package based on psychological factors related to Parkinson's disease and memory specificity training (MEST) on the mood of these patients. The study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design along with a control group. 18 Parkinson's patients were eligible to participate in the study, so the selection of sample subjects was nonprobability and they were randomly assigned to three groups. Due to the possible discrepancies between the groups and to adjust it, the method of analysis of covariance was used and pre-test scores were taken. Groups were matched by gender. Data collection measures were the autobiographical memory test (AMT) and Beck's Depression Inventory- second edition (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by the covariance method and SPSS v.25 software. Data analysis showed that the mean level of depression increased in the control group, while in the package therapy and MEST groups the level of depression decreased. Data analysis showed that the mean mood scores in the post-test only in the MEST group were significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean mood scores of the package therapy and control groups in the post-test; however, the mean mood scores in the two groups of package therapy and MEST were not significant. According to the research findings, MEST can be effective as a multidisciplinary intervention in improving the mood of Parkinson's patients. Supporting the effect of the treatment package based on psychological factors on mood requires further research.

Individuals with major depression and anxiety generally have multiple early maladaptive schemas and memory over generality in retrieving memories. On the other hand, memory overgeneral recall facilitates the transmission of early maladaptive schemas from mother to child. There is a research gap regarding the efficacy of the combined method of schema therapy and memory specificity training on depression, anxiety and rumination of students with early maladaptive schemas.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the combined method of schema therapy with memory specificity training on depression, anxiety and rumination of students with early maladaptive schemas.

In this research, a single subject method with ABA design was used. The statistical population of the research included all students who referred to the Counseling Center of University of Isfahan in 2022. The research sample included four students suffering from major depression with high scores in the level of anxiety and rumination. The tools used in the research include semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM5, Young schema questionnaire-short Form of 90 questions (Young, 1999), Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, 1996), Nolen Hoxma and Murrow Rumination Questionnaire (Nolen-Houseman & Morrow, 1991), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1998) and Autobiographical memory test (Williams & Broadben, 1986). Trend graph, percentage of non-overlapping data and recovery percentage were used for data analysis.

The findings of the research showed that the combined method of schema therapy with memory specificity training is effective on participants' depression with an average recovery percentage of 55.30 after the intervention and anxiety with an average recovery percentage of 65.30 after the intervention, but the intervention on accompany rumination with an average recovery percentage of 1.39 is not effective. Also, this method is effective in reducing overgeneral recall of participants' memory.

Considering the effectiveness of the present integrated intervention on depression and anxiety and reducing over general recall of, the use of memory specificity training during schema therapy sessions is suggested as a technique along with other experimental, emotional, cognitive and behavioral techniques.

As an important subjects in the urban studies, an issue that has been less addressed in Iran so far, is the relationship between the physical quality of citizens' living environment and mental disorders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical quality indices of urban neighborhoods and mental disorders in Isfahan metropolis. This study was performed on 434 citizens of Isfahan. The assessment of mental disorders was performed with SCL-90 questionnaire. The quality of people's living environment was assessed in five dimensions (natural conditions, quality of public open spaces, street conditions, environmental pollution and local services) with a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Ordinal Logistic Regression. Results showed, the mean score of the Global Severity Index was 1.29. In the correlation analysis, a significant relationship was seen between mental disorders and physical characteristics (P <0.001). The results of OLR showed that 15 indicators (local parks, quality of sidewalks, walking capacity, diversity of vegetation, street safety, sitting and pause spaces, street lighting at night, cleanliness of the environment, no noise pollution, smooth traffic on the surface Neighborhoods, water spaces, diversity of plants, trees and flowers, access to recreational facilities, access to public transportation and access to local shopping malls) have the greatest impact on mental disorders. The correlation between mental disorders and the physical quality of urban neighborhoods means the integration of health considerations and urban planning principles to reduce the negative effects of residential environments on mental disorders.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of psychotherapy based on improving quality of life on depression and self-esteem in women with vitiligo.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study (Pre-test - post-test with follow-up and control group). The statistical population of this study included all women with vitiligo skin disease referred to Isfahan Dermatology and Leishmaniasis Research Center , among which, 20 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (10 people for each group). Both groups completed Beck Depression Inventory (1996) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem (1965) Questionnaires as a pre-test and after completing eight sessions of psychotherapy based on improving quality of life (one 90-minute session per week for eight weeks), the post-test was performed again and one month later for the control and experimental groups. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS 23 software.

Based on the findings of repeated measures analysis of variance, it was found that psychotherapy based on improving quality of life reduced the average depression scores and increased the self-esteem of women with vitiligo.

Considering that psychotherapy based on improving the quality of life has an effect on depression and self-esteem in women with vitiligo, so teaching this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective intervention method to reduce depression and improve the self-esteem of women with vitiligo.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Alavi lifestyle intervention and CBT on the quality of life of students, assuming the positive effect of Alavi lifestyle education and increasing their quality of life. People with a suitable lifestyle have better health and quality of life. Lifestyle behaviors are not directly related to health, but they have an important impact on the quality of life and health of people.

The recent research was conducted qualitatively-quantitatively with a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. First, the lifestyle model was extracted from the Alavi way of life sources, and after the implementation of the quality of life questionnaire, the Alavi lifestyle training packages and CBT were used on the students.

Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the difference in quality of life scores in the post-test and follow-up both in the lifestyle group and in the CBT group is significant compared to the pre-test. (The positive influence of lifestyle and CBT on the quality of life of students). While the effect of lifestyle intervention and CBT on students' quality of life is the same.

Therefore, using Alavi lifestyle training or CBT to improve the quality of life is the same and can lead to the improvement of the quality of life of all members of the society, especially students.

The present study aimed to detect cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players’ technical and tactical performance.

The method of this study was Thematic Analysis (King, 2004). First, using exploratory study of specialized texts, units were identified and encoded and also units of each category were determined. Then by nonprobability based qualitative-purposive sampling method and via exploratory interviews with soccer players(n=25), coaches(n=11) and football specialists(n=50),  statements were identified, then a network of comprehensive themes was made and then main themes and categories were identified.

The themes and categories included cognitive items (20 items), affective items (13 items), behavioral items (16 items), cognitive- affective items (9 items), cognitive- behavioral items (6 items), affective- behavioral items (6 items), social items (6 items), basic items (3 items) and team items (11 items).

Detection of cognitive, affective, and behavioral items related to soccer players’ technical and tactical performance, is useful and effective to distinguish successful soccer players, performance technical and tactical improvement, maintenance successful soccer players, counseling, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.

One of the controversial disorders recently introduced in DSM-5 is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). The main symptoms of DMDD include regular outbursts, verbal and behavioral anger, and constant irritability. The present study aims to explore the prevalence of DMDD and its associated disorders

The study population included all 9-12-year-old students(Grades 3 to 6 elementary)in the academic year 2018-19 in Bushehr County. Accordingly, 2,063 students were selected through two-stage cluster sampling to fill out the researcher-made anger and irritability questionnaire and the CSI-4 Questionnaire and to participate in a clinical interview based on DSM-5.

Study results showed that the prevalence of DMDD among children is 6.1 percent. According to the multivariate logistic regression, the rates of comorbidity with DMDD for other disorders include ADHD (P=0.01, OR=2.03), ODD (P=0.000, OR=5.96), CD (P=0.003, OR=3.52), GAD (P=0.000, OR=7.99), and social anxiety (P=0.001 and OR=2.32). Moreover, depression and demographic features had no significant predictive power for this disorder.

The study results showed that the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was close and similar to DSM-5 criteria and showed high comorbidity with emotional and behavioral disorders

The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of women attempting suicide regarding risk factors and protective factors. The study method was qualitative and the phenomenological approach. Sampling was purposeful and after semi-structured interviews with 15 women who attempted suicide, saturation was achieved. Seven-step Colaizzi method was used for analysis. The reliability of the findings was confirmed based on Lincoln and Guba criteria. Identified four themes and eight subthemes for risk factors: Tensions in family relationships (subthemes: Argument and conflict, emotional indifference, Lack of marital loyalty), Failed relationships (self-blame, loss), Mental suffering (Living in sorrow and despair, Sense of being a burden, Perception of inefficiency) and theme of poverty and unemployment. Four themes were also extracted regarding protective factors: emotional attachment to a family member, sense of responsibility towards children, religious beliefs, and perceived social support. The results of this study indicate the importance of family and emotional relationships as well as untreated depression as the main factors identified as effective. Outcomes and key implications of this study were mainly related to improving the treatment experiences of women surviving suicide and other high-risk populations through the development of preventive interventions commensurate with the findings.

Considering importance of marriage and growing statistics of divorce, methods to decrease marital conflicts and increase marital satisfaction hold great importance. Purpose of this study is to assess the usage of compassion focused therapy on marital conflict in women applying for divorce.

Methods and Materials: 

Method used in this study is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical population constitutes women with marital conflicts, applying for divorce that came to Isfahan city consulting centers in year 2020. This study sample constitutes of 30 women that were chosen with convenience sampling method then put randomly in two groups, 15 women in experiment group and 15 women in control group. All participants filled marital conflict questionnaire Sanaei (MCQ) in pre-test, then experiment group went through 12 sessions (each 90 minutes) of compassion focused therapy package (Gilbert, 2014). Meanwhile control group did not face any intervention. In the end both groups were evaluated again. Data of the study were analyzed with single variant covariance analyze test.

Analyzing data show that, compassion focused therapy is significantly effective in decreasing marital conflicts and its sub-scales (reduction in cooperation and sexual relationship, increasing emotional reactions, increase in attracting children support, increasing personal relationship with relatives and separating financial matters from others) in experiment group (p<0.05).

Considering results of this study it can be said that compassion focused therapy can be effective in decreasing marital conflicts in women applying for divorce, therefore it can be used as a method to decrease divorce.

The experience of trauma during childhood is due to decrease in children's psychosocial functions, which continues during adulthood. Children's coping and reactions play the important role in adapting to traumatic events and can lead to post-traumatic disorder or post-traumatic growth. Previous research studies have quantitatively and sporadically shown some of the factors affecting coping styles, but so far, focus as depth research in this area, especially on Iranian children, has been influenced.

The present study evaluated the contextual factors in selecting the effective coping strategies by children exposed to the Kermanshah earthquake in 2017

This research was the qualitative type with an approach to conventional content analysis. The participants consisted of 23 girls aged 10 to 12 years who were selected by purposive sampling, and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by the 5-step method of Graneheim, & Lundman (2004).

The results indicated four main categories and fourteen Subcategories as the contexts of selecting coping styles. These categories include a) influence (previous life experiences, modeling), b) individual skills (responsibility to others "external commitment" and "commitment to oneself," time management, emotion control, tolerating failure and compassion with others), c) family members' relationship with the child (intimacy with family members, support of family members and how parents deal) and d) social skills (trust in peers, valuing relationships and the level of ability to make and maintain friendships).

The findings demonstrate the effect of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in selecting various strategies among children encountered with earthquake trauma.

The present study aims to be effective. Integrated life management was performed with Memory Specificity Training (MEST) on resilience in divorced women.

The intervention method was used by the researcher after special stages with qualitative evaluation to be able to improve the quality of life and health of the target group, especially in increasing resilience. In the quantitative part, the present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The statistical population was divorced women in Nain city, so 30 women under the auspices of Imam Relief and Welfare Committee of Nain city were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two alternative groups. Were. The collection of information in the qualitative section was based on the study of articles, relevant texts and interviews under the supervision of psychology professors, to develop a life management package and combine it with special reminder training after validation and validity (content, Formal and executive) were used. The research instruments in the quantitative part were Connor and Davidson resilience scale and educational-therapeutic intervention method in the experimental group based on 11 sessions. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the variability of resilience changed during the post-test and follow-up stages, which is significant compared to the pre-test stage (P <0.05). ). Also, the variable based on combining life management with Memory Specificity Training had a significant effect on the resilience component in divorced women (P <0.05).

Based on the findings, it can be inferred that life management intervention method combined with special reminder training by creating a new lifestyle and changing the cognitive-behavioral system can change attitudes and behavioral patterns and Ultimately increase psychological resilience in divorced women

Due to the increasing focus of new therapies on immediate and short-term interventions, brief cognitive-behavioral therapy has been designed with the goal of disabling suicidal mode and stabilizing symptoms by creating self-efficacy in emotion regulation skills and cognitive flexibility. But there is a research gap regarding the possibility of the effectiveness of this treatment in Iranian society.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy on depression, suicidal thoughts and cognitive emotion regulation in women attempting suicide.

The present study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest-follow-up control group design. The statistical population comprised women who attempted suicide in Isfahan in 2020. Thirty patients were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 patients in each group). The research tools include, Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (1979) and Garnefski Cognitive Emotion ‎Regulation Questionnaire‎ (2001), and 12 90-minute sessions brief cognitive-behavioral therapy (Brian & Rood, 2018). Data analysis was performed by repeated measures analysis of variance.

The findings demonstrate that brief cognitive-behavioral therapy increases adapted emotion regulation strategies and reduces non-adapted strategies, suicidal thoughts and depression at the end of the intervention and follow-up period (P<0.01).

Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce depression, suicidal ideation, and non-adapted cognitive emotion regulation strategies in people who attempt suicide.

Social maladjustment, including aggression, is a prominent problem in childhood and later stages of life. A social- information processing model of Crick and Dodge developed to explain children’s aggression. Accordingly, children engage in the following six mental stages before behaving properly when they face a social situation:1- Encoding of external and internal cues, 2- interpretation and mental representation of those cues, 3- clarification or selection of a goal, 4- response access or construction, 5- response decision, and 6- behavioral enactment. During Steps 1 and 2, encoding and interpretation of social cues, it is hypothesized that children selectively attend to particular situational and internal cues, encode those cues, and then interpret them, During Step 3, after interpreting the situation, it is proposed that children select a goal or desired outcome for the situation or continue with a preexisting goal, Next, at Step 4, it is hypothesized that children access from memory possible responses to the situation, or, if the situation is novel, they may construct new behaviors in response to immediate social cues, At Step 5, it is hypothesized that children evaluate the previously accessed (or constructed) responses and select the most positively evaluated response for enactment, At Step 6, the chosen response is behaviorally enacted. According to previous studies, children’s aggression can affect all 6 stages of the social information processing model.Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) are strongly affected by aggressive behavior and negative emotions. DMDD is recently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a mood disorder. It is characterized by two main symptoms, namely anger and irritability. A problem that these individuals are faced with is the tendency to misinterpret other people’s intentions, something which worsens aggression. These children find it much more difficult to experience sensory processing and perceptual behavior than normal children. Characterized by the aggressive behavioral component, children with DMDD pay too much attention to negative emotional stimuli such as anger. In addition, children with chronic irritability experience more problems in processing emotional stimuli and regulating emotions. This study aims to evaluate and compare early stages of  social information processing in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) and normal children based on the social cognitive model of Crick and Dodge.

This research was conducted with a causal-comparative method on 58 children with DMDD and 167 normal Boys, aged between 9 to 12 years, studying at elementary school in Booshehr. The participants were randomly selected using a cluster sampling technique, Anger and Irritability Questionnaire (AIQ), and clinical interview based on DSM-5. They were then compared using « Childrenchr Evaluation of Everyday Social Encounters Questionnaire (Bell, Luebbe, Swenson  and Allwood, 2009).  Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean, variance, and Multivariable Analyze of Variance (MANOVA) test by SPSS-19 software.

The results from the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed a significant difference between group in the stages of interpretation of social cues(F=5.5, P=.001, Partial Eta Squared=.128), clarification or selection of a goal(F=6.65, P=.001, Partial Eta Squared=.159), emotional processing(4.01, P=.004, Partial Eta Squared=.07), response access or construction(P=7.02, P=.001, Partial Eta Squared=.115).

The conducted studies showed that children with DMDD were more biased in an ambiguous social situation in the early stages of social information processing. They were also significantly less competent than their normal peers in internal positive causal attribution, external positive causal attribution (positive attribution to others’ behaviors), and positive interpretation of otherschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) intentions in a social situation. Children with DMDD were also more biased than their normal peers in their negative interpretation of others’ intentions. However, there was no significant difference between them in interpreting the causes of events in external negative attribution and internal negative attribution  in ambiguous social situations. DMDD children exhibited greater anger, worried or nervous, and sad or down in emotional processing and provided less happy processing. In terms of goal formation/clarification, children with DMDD mainly preferred anger- and avoidance-based goals and were less involved in the relationship- and dignity-centered goals. Moreover, children with DMDD produced fewer social responses and were more willing to provide ager-based and active avoidance responses, compared to their normal peers.  Various studies demonstrated that maladaptive social information processing can justify behavioral-emotional maladjustment in most children. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of interventional protocols based on the Dodge model in future studies in order to treat and mitigate the symptoms of disruptive dysregulation disorder.

There are growing concerns worldwide about the interdependencies between city life and mental well-being. Perceived stress is a mental disorder induced by urbanization. Today, the quality of the environment that is built and the neighborhood in which residents live is recognized as the main source of stress. In addition, recent research in the context of psychology suggests that urban life is stressful.The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood quality and perceived stress. For that purpose, two neighborhoods in the city of Isfahan, Iran are selected.

Theoretical Framework:

Perceived stress is affected by numerous factors such as individual characteristics, lifestyles, life events, and job variables. The physical quality of the built environment is a factor which is generally underestimated (Beil & Hanes, 2013). Green space is a physical quality of the built environment which affects mental health, and decreases residents’ stress (Roe et al., 2013; Wolch et al., 2014). Another environmental variable which affects the mental health of residents is the transportation pattern. The walkability and bikeability of a neighborhood is strongly correlated with the residents’ mental health (Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2016). There is a great deal of evidence that the accessibility of a walking or bicycling route is significantly effective on the general health of residents (Frank & Engelke, 2001). In addition, availability of public spaces is another variable of physical quality which affects residents’ mental health (Knöll et al., 2018). Public spaces provide opportunities for residents to interact with each other. On the other hand, the increase in interaction among residents leads to a rise in their confidence, and, eventually, improves the physiological capability of residents when confronted with changes. Finally, appropriate physiological reactions decrease stress.A variable which can be considered here is environmental security. Studies have demonstrated that the violence present in urban communities and residential neighborhoods threatens mental health, and deeply affects psychological behavior (Clark et al., 2008). Moreover, another variable of environment quality is environmental comfort. For instance, living in neighborhoods which are highly polluted, whether with noise or light pollution, influences the sleep quality of residents, and eventually increases stress. In addition, non-standard houses with improper cooling or heating systems can influence the variables of mental health (Hale et al., 2013). The conceptual model of this paper expresses the relationship between the built environment variable and the mental health variable. In this model, environment beauty, functional attraction, physical form, and environmental comfort indicate the quality of the built environment as independent variables. Moreover, perceived stress is evaluated as a dependent variable from the viewpoint of mental health.

In this study, two questionnaires were used. One is the researcher-made questionnaire of built environment quality, and the other is the perceived stress scale (PSS-14). Two neighborhoods were selected for the study. The survey was conducted via face-to-face structured interviews, and yielded a total of 434 valid samples. Then, 203 individuals in the Moftabad neighborhood and 231 in the Mardavij neighborhood filled out the questionnaires as participants. The data has been analysed using normal and partial correlation coefficients and linear regression.

The descriptive statistics on the dependent and independent variables in the examined neighborhoods were compared. Moftabad and Mardavij scored 0.78 and 2.98 in average on environmental beauty. The functional attraction in Moftabad and Mardavij was 0.77 and 2.81, respectively. The median scores on the variables of physical form and environmental comfort were 0.71 and 1.58 in Moftabad and 2.94 and 2.92 in Mardavij. In fact, all the environmental variables were scored on significantly lower by the Moftabad neighborhood than by Mardavij. The total scores on built environment quality were 0.96 in Moftabad and 2.91 in Mardavij. According to the results, it is concluded that the dependent variable, i.e. the level of perceived stress, is higher in the Moftabad neighborhood than in the Mardavij neighborhood. The median scores of stress are 2.07 in Moftabad and 1.04 in Mardavij.The findings indicate significant inverse relationships between the independent and dependent variables of the research. When the control variables are considered, however, the relationship is preserved, but its intensity decreases.Based on the results, the significance level of F-statistic is 0.000 in all the three models. This finding, which is obtained through regression analysis and analysis of variance, indicates that the conceptual model of the research is well-fitted. In Moftabad, two variables (environmental beauty and environmental comfort) are capable of predicting the changes in the dependent variable. In this case, the standard coefficients of the above variables are -0.537 and -0.181, respectively. These statistics mean that environmental beauty predicts 53.7%, and environmental comfort predicts 18.1% of the changes in perceived stress in Moftabad. In the Mardavij neighborhood, environmental beauty, functional attraction, and environmental comfort exhibit the highest capability of predicting the dependent variable. They predict 22.6%, 28.9%, and 14.3% of the changes in perceived stress, respectively. Moreover, in the proposed model for the full sample, environmental beauty, functional attraction, and environmental comfort predict 45.9%, 26.8%, and 24.4% of the changes in perceived stress, respectively.In the second phase of modeling the changes in the dependent variable, the relationship between the built environment quality, i.e. the independent variable, and perceived stress, i.e. the dependent variable, was evaluated. Moreover, three models were proposed in this phase. According to the obtained results, ANOVA provides one significant F-statistic for each of the three models. The adjusted R-squared of the proposed model is greater in Moftabad than in the Mardavij neighborhood. On that basis, it can be stated that the effect of the built environment on stress is more in Moftabad residents than those of the Mardavij neighborhood. Based on the standard coefficient (Beta), the built environment quality of Moftabad predicts 67% of the changes in perceived stress, while the value of this variable in Mardavij is 46.4%. Finally, the built environment quality determines 78.3% of the changes in perceived stress in the full sample.

The results of the present study introduced new aspects of the environmental factors effective on perceived stress. The main finding is that cities serve as powerful forces today in shaping the mental health of citizens. Therefore, treatment of mental disorders requires an interdisciplinary approach. In other words, the living environments of individuals, along with many personal, social, economic, personality, and family issues, are the major sources of mental disorders. To treat mental disorders, therefore, psychologists should interact with urban planners. Lastly, we conducted this research in one Iranian city, i.e. Isfahan. Researchers studying other cities and countries may report different results. The conclusion agreed on by all researchers, however, is that the relationship between urban planning and psychologists should be enhanced more than ever before to reduce the negative impacts of urban neighborhoods on mental disorders.

This study has developed the model of the effective factors on employee wives' happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan. The research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and correlation method. The interviews' content was analyzed using a systematic method (open coding, axial coding selective coding) after conducting a semi-structured interview with 45 employee wives who were selected by cluster sampling. The happiness of employee wives factors was extracted that including foundations of happiness (family communication, justice, and social support, material and spiritual reward), underlying factors(makers happiness including positive thinking, good mood, self-esteem, and Confidence), strategies or happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Commitment), interfering factors(happiness breakers including Stress management, justice, suitable Organizational Environment), and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job, and Familial Satisfaction, Cheerfulness and Mental Health). Then relationship model was developed between 5 extracted components. The researcher-made questionnaire was developed to check the initial model fitness based on the quantitative part. Three hundred twenty employee wives were selected by the purposeful method to complete the researcher-made Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the pattern of factors affecting Mobarakeh Steel employee wives' happiness has a good fit. Therefore, five factors of foundations of happiness, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms, and consequences of happiness have mutual effects on each other and are effective factors on the happiness of Mobarakeh steel company employee wives.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive CNS disease that is characterized and identified by the destruction of myelin sheath. Considering the psychological symptoms and early intervention can be effective in rehabilitation and improvement of life quality. This research was conducted to aim study of the effectiveness of compassion -focused therapy on increasing psychological well-being in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Isfahan city in a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow- up with control group. 24 refering to a clinics of brain and neurology select using purposine sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 12) and control groups (n = 12). The experimental group participsnts received 8 sessions (every session 90 minutes) of compassion-focused therapy and control group participants did not receive any intervention, and finally, both groups were re-evaluated. The participants were assessed in Psychological Well-being Inventory (Ryff & Singer). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The findings showed that has been increased psychologicawell-being the participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. In whole, a compassion focused therapy can increase psychological well-being in these patients and this therapeutic intervention is justifiable on Iranian population.

Due to the differences in happiness index and its affecting factors in different geographical and organizational environments, in this study has developed the native model of the effective factors on employee happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan.

Methods and Materials: 

This research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and its qualitative part is based on grounded theory approach and its quantitative part is correlation method. The study population of this project includes all of the Mobarakeh Steel of Isfahan personnel, 14529 people in 1398. By conducting semi-structured interview with 75 employees who were selected by cluster random samling and completion of a researcher-made questionnaire by 407 employees that selected purposefully and data analysis, five factors affecting happiness employees was developed including the foundations of happiness(Familial Communication, Communication types in workplace, Justice and Social Support, Material and Spiritual Reward), makers happiness(Positive thinking, Good mood, Targeted, Job security), happiness breakers(Stress, Sickness, Lack of justice, Inadequate Organizational Environment), happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Social skills, Meeting basic needs) and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job and Familial Satisfaction, Health) and the native model of the effective factors on employees happiness. Research data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 and SMART-PLS3 structural equation modeling software at descriptive and inferential level and to perform model fitting was used PLS3 software.

The results showed that five factors of happiness foundations, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and happiness consequences has direct and indirect relationship with each other and the happiness native model of Mobarakeh steel company employees has a good fit(p<0.01).

The results of this study showed that five factors of foundations of happiness, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and consequences of happiness have mutual effects on each other and are affective factors on the happiness of Mobarakeh steel company employees.

Positive psychotherapy has some efficiencies in the treatment of depression but its effectiveness can be increased through technical and theoretical integration. The aim of the present study is to develop an integrative treatment model and comparing its effectiveness with positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The research design is quasi-experimental. The population consists of all individuals with major depression in the city of Mashhad. One hundred twenty participants with major depression were included in the present study. They were allocated in four groups of integrative positive psychotherapy, positive psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and control group. All participants responded to the dysfunctional attitudes scale (Beck & Weissman 1978), Beck Depression Inventory (1979), and Values In Action-Inventory of Strengths (Petrerson & Seligman 2004). The data were analyzed through covariance analysis. No significant difference was found between the three intervention groups in the post-test. However, all intervention groups demonstrated significant differences with the control group in the post-test.In follow-up, integrative positive psychotherapy demonstrated higher effectiveness in relapse prevention in comparison to other treatments. findings of the present study demonstrated that clinical application of some character strengths can improve the effectiveness of treatment in relapse prevention.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on cognitive flexibility and social sufficiency of women with marital conflicts. This research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. Using felner and etal's social sufficiency, Denis and Vendervall’s cognitive flexibility and Sanai and Barati's marital conflicts, questionnaires, 30 women of with marital conflicts. Were purposive selected and were randomly assigned in two experimental and control group (each group was 15). The experiment group received 8 sessions of CFT based on Gillbert's instruction package and the control group did not receive any training in this field. After executing the CFT, social sufficiency, cognitive flexibility and marital conflicts of the members of two groups were measured again. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and univariate covariance analysis (ANCOVA). Calculated F either in the Mancova analysis and either in the Ancova analysis for variables of social sufficiency , cognitive flexibility, showed significant differences in both groups. The results of this study which are in line with other studies that CFT has significant role in increasing social sufficiency and cognitive flexibility in the women with marital conflicts

The main purpose of this research is qualitative study and modeling the effects of physical structure of urban neighborhoods on mental disorders of citizens. In this research, content analysis method was used. The statistical population of the study was families that living in Moftabad and Mardavij neighborhoods. Based on this, people were selected as the sample who have diversity in terms of living environment. Also, the condition for entering the study was to be over 20 years old, to have lived in the desired neighborhood for at least 3 years, and not to have acute mental disorders. Based on this, 60 people were selected as the sample size. The content analysis method used for this study that included determine and extract the analysis unit, coding the analysis units, summarize and reduce data, use the categorization system, and analyze and report research results Based on the results of the research, the six main variables for the physical structure of urban neighborhoods were extracted such as natural environmental conditions (diversity of vegetation, water spaces and environment temperature), environmental pollution (noise pollution and unhealthy urban environment), streets conditions (walking ability, street lighting at night, smooth traffic in the neighborhood), public spaces (Local Park, urban furniture, sitting spaces in front of the residential complex), local services (local market and retail stores), and urban landscape and image (Environmental readability, proper application of paint in the environment).

The aim of the present study was comparing the effect of the combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) with Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) on depressive symptoms, quality of life, psychological flexibility, and self-compassion in women with persistent depressive disorder. The research design is quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest and a two-month follow-up assessment have been conducted. The convenience sampling method was used to select 24 patients with persistent depression and then they randomly assigned to two experimental groups. Each experimental group received 14 sessions of treatment and completed Beck Depression Inventory-II, World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life, Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire, and Self-Compassion Scales in pretest, posttest and follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups, which means that the scores of these four variables changed over time in both groups in the same way. More accurate analyzes show that each of the therapies has been effective in improving the four studied variables during research phases. These findings indicate that combination therapy can be as effective as Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy as a validated treatment for persistent depression and both treatments can be used as adjunctive therapies in addition to pharmacotherapy for people with persistent depressive disorder.