رضا مختاری ملک آبادی

Today, urban development following the classical model of urban development has led to unstable conditions in cities and urban neighborhoods. Therefore, in recent years, the neo-urbanism movement has been formed as a new approach to urban design and planning in criticism of contemporary urban development, which has a scattered, non-human and machine-like pattern.

The main purpose of this research was to identify implementation priorities in order to realize the model of neo-urbanism in the prominent neighborhoods of Isfahan city (Sanbalistan, Jolfa, Khane Isfahan and Sepahan Shahr). Therefore, the method of this descriptive-analytical research was chosen. At first, a list of primary factors that play a role in urbanism were identified as research variables. In the next step, using the mutual effects analysis method and Micmac software, the degree of influence of primary factors on each other was evaluated in the form of experts' questionnaire. Finally, by using the two-dimensional analysis method and combining the impact scores and average scores, implementation priorities were determined.

The findings of the research showed that in Sanbalistan neighborhood, eleven agents, Jolfa neighborhood, eleven agents, Khaneh Isfahan neighborhood, eight agents, and finally, in Sepahan Shahr neighborhood, twelve agents have executive priority to realize the new urbanism model. Among the important factors and indicators of new urbanism in the neighborhoods, we can mention suitable urban furniture at the neighborhood level, a sense of vitality and vitality in the neighborhood, regular welfare programs for the well-being and vitality of the residents, security and safety at night in some remote places, quality Special pedestrian routes are indicated.

Today, it is inevitable to rely on new patterns of urban planning in the planning and development of urban neighborhoods. The issue that is necessary for managers and urban planners is that each neighborhood has different characteristics and indicators and factors should be localized in each neighborhood and studied specifically. However, based on the results of the research, five factors include suitable urban furniture at the neighborhood level, a sense of vitality and vitality in the neighborhood, regular welfare programs for the well-being and vitality of the residents, security and safety at night in some remote places, the quality of special routes for pedestrians. Walking is a common priority among all the studied neighborhoods.

Today, social challenges are one of the most important obstacles to achieving sustainability in the cities of developing countries. Therefore, recognition and geographical analysis of the factors affecting the social sustainability of cities are among the important goals and priorities of urban and regional planning. This research has been done by quantitative and survey method and using secondary data. In this study, with using the content validity index and content validity ratio, 19 objective indicators of social sustainability were selected and social sustainability of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari cities measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation(IDW) methods. Findings of the research in the principal component analysis show that the 4 principal components (safety and security, health, population dynamism, literacy and education) with a total variance of 65.125%, explain the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate the urban social sustainability of the province. Also, Morans Index with a value of -0.06 indicates the random spatial pattern of urban social sustainability in the province and the significance of spatial relationships of 5 urban centers in safety and security, 2 urban centers in health, 5 urban centers in population dynamics, 1 urban center in literacy and education and 4 urban centers in the composite index of social sustainability. The results of inverse distance weighting interpolation methode while showing the unfavorable situation of the principale components affecting urban social sustainability, indicate a more balanced spatial distribution of the components of population dynamism, literacy and education in the province than other components and the combined index of urban social sustainability.

Patterns are simulations of reality, comparisons that make it easier to see the intricacies of the real world. Each explanatory paradigm looks at human life in different ways, and each of these paradigms offers specific hypotheses about the nature of the phenomenon's reality. Creative tourism can also be mentioned as a tool to revive urban tourism. Because cities are considered as cultural systems that are formed by human and natural heritage. The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of creative tourism in Isfahan. The prevailing approach is based on the applied goal and based on the profound nature, based on the questionnaire and the futures research approach. In order to model, first all the factors involved in the future of creative tourism in Isfahan have been prepared by studying and reviewing the research background and then by interviewing and reviewing documents and Delphi questionnaires. Snowball sampling method and 35 questionnaires were distributed among tourism elites and university professors as the statistical population of the study. Based on this, first indicators and 52 variables in 6 areas of political, social, economic, technological, environmental and physical have been identified. Then, for data processing, structural interaction analysis by Mikomak software has been used. The key factors for drawing a creative tourism model were identified and ranked, and based on this, an attempt was made to draw a suitable model for the realization of creative tourism in Isfahan.

In urban environments, especially in city neighborhoods, factors such as broken windows, garbage on the streets, paintings on walls, abandoned buildings, and lack of street lighting, especially in the suburbs of the city, lead to the creation of an environment that promotes crime and delinquency and as a result the sense of security of the citizens is endangered.

The type of research is applied and its statistical population is a combination of experts including informants, specialists and experts related to urban management in marginalized areas. The sample size was considered based on simple random sampling and Morgan's table of 299 households living in the marginal areas of Yazd city. Inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, multivariate analysis of variance) have been used in order to connect variables and answer the research questions.

The results of the network analysis model also show that the physical indicators including the narrow width of the passages, the age of the building, the presence of ruins, the area of ​​separate parts, the compatibility of uses, the provision of the required open space with a value of 0.196 have the greatest role in increasing the threat. In the psychological components of the environment including the lack of seclusion, lack of security and safety, and lack of access to public spaces and children's play spaces.

In order to reduce the psychological vulnerability caused by the issues and problems of informal settlements, a settlement empowerment model has been formulated. In this model, in the first step, the issues and problems of the context related to psychology were investigated, in the second step, capacity measurement and planning were carried out, in the third step, the program was implemented to organize and reduce the psychological problems of the environment and In the fourth step, the feedback of the issues was investigated.

Historical regions of cities are important urban spaces which are valuable architectural legacy,This research is a quantitative research based on the type of data collected and analyzed, and in terms of the type of approach to the problem under study and its entry into it, it is a field study. In this research, the survey technique has been used And field (questionnaire) has been extracted for this purpose by referring directly to statistical centers and statistics; Books, articles and dissertations available in the libraries of different universities have provided comprehensive information for the research and then the research has been completed through the field studies questionnaire. Due to the existence of historical context in the city of Isfahan; the study area of the present article is a part of the historical context of Isfahan that is worn out. The study area of the present study is due to the location of the primary core of Isfahan. The presence of historical index elements in region 3 (Naghsh Jahan neighborhood) and in region 1 (Darb-e-Kushk neighborhood) has been selected. The statistical population of the study includes people living in the worn-out area of Naghsh Jahan neighborhood and the door of the pavilion. Based on Cochran sampling, 374 residents of these two neighborhoods were selected as a sample and interviewed. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which were prepared based on the Likert scale 33 questions of this questionnaire have been prepared to measure the regeneration of the base culture and 55 questions of the questionnaire have been prepared to measure and evaluate the indicators of sustainable tourism development and 21 questions have been prepared to evaluate the modifying components. the opinions of 30 professors and competent experts have been used to assess the content validity and the reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test. Using version 26 of SPSS Cronbach's alpha software, the value of 0.935 was calculated. To analyze the relationships between indicators and to discover the effect of each factor on the independent and dependent variable, PLS path modeling has been used with the help of Smart PLS software.Considering the values of path coefficients that represent the standardized beta in regression or correlation coefficient of two structures. According to the internal or structural model of the research, the form component with a path coefficient of 0.936 has the greatest impact on the regeneration of the base culture in the study area and the functional and semantic dimensions are in the second place of 0.868 and third place of 0.525, respectively. Also, in measuring the sustainable development of tourism, the service and welfare dimension with the path coefficient of 0.928 is the most effective, followed by urban management with the path coefficient of 0.84, technology with the path coefficient of 0.830, economic with the path coefficient of 0.727 and environmental with the path coefficient of 0.723 And physical with a coefficient of 0.683 and cultural with a coefficient of 0.600, the first ranks until the end of the impact on the index of sustainable tourism development in the historical context of Isfahan and finally the social component with a coefficient of 0.551 has the least impact on development Sustainable tourism in the historical context of Isfahan has been based on the structural equation model in the study area.The value of t-statistic for the effect of culture regeneration based on sustainable tourism development is 38.358 and the p-value value is 0.000. Significantly effective. On the other hand, the value of the relevant factor is equal to 0.798, which due to its positive relationship is a direct relationship between the two variables of culture-based regeneration and sustainable tourism development, ie with increasing base culture regeneration, sustainable tourism development increases. The value of t-statistic for the effect of regenerating the base culture with the effect of cultural consumption as a moderator on the sustainable development of tourism is 2.634 and the p-value is 0.009. Given that the t-statistic is greater than 1.96 and the p-value is less than 0.05, cultural consumption moderates the relationship between the regeneration of the base culture and the sustainable development of tourism. The value of t-statistic for the effect of culture-based regeneration with the effect of cultural production as a moderator on sustainable tourism development is 0.050 and the p-value is 0.960, considering that t-statistic is less than 1.96 and p-value is greater than 0.05. Thus, cultural production does not moderate the relationship between the recreation of the underlying culture and the sustainable development of tourism. The value of t-statistic for the effect of culture-based regeneration with the effect of the event as a moderator on sustainable tourism development is 0.777 and the p-value is 0.437 considering that t-statistic is less than 1.96 and p-value is greater than 0.05, so The event does not moderate the relationship between the re-creation of the underlying culture and the sustainable development of tourism. Measuring sustainable tourism development Services and welfare with the highest route coefficient had the greatest impact on this index and the social component had the least impact on sustainable tourism development in the study area. The statistical T test related to the research conceptual model confirms the relationship between the recreation of the base culture as an independent variable and the sustainable development of tourism as a dependent variable. Also, the results of this test indicate that cultural consumption in the historical context of Isfahan, which intends to provide places for consumption by residents and tourists through marketing strategies and promotion of places, and thus to revive the inner areas of the city; It will lead to the adjustment of the relationship between the recreation of the base culture and the sustainable development of tourism, while the other two components with the titles of culture production and participatory art event are ineffective in adjusting the relationship between the recreation of the culture and the sustainable development of tourism.

To provide housing in Iran, in the Five-Year Development Plans after the Islamic Revolution, different policies have been made, each of which has had economic-spatial reflections on the development of cities and towns. The cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed province have also experienced economic-spatial reflections under the influence of housing supply policies. This article aims to identify the economic-spatial reflections of the housing development policies on the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The executive policies of the government (including policies of PAK, Cooperative Housing, New Towns, Land Preparation, Lease on Condition of Ownership, Tall Building, Mehr Housing, and Social Housing) have been evaluated using the survey method. The tools of data collection are questionnaires and interviews with experienced and active experts in the field of housing in 18 cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad province, which have been affected by housing policies. Due to the fact that the number of experts who have experience and are active in the field of housing and housing policies in the province and especially in the city of Yasouj is limited, a total of 20 experts (14 men and 6 women) in the field of housing, including 3 managers, 6 experts, 6 university professors, and 5 urban planning Ph.D. students were selected. The results of the research show that Mehr housing, in terms of paying attention to the economic characteristics of the poor, targeting and expanding mortgages, granting long-term and low-interest special loans and credits in accordance with the income of households, has the best performance and the most impact from the economic-spatial perspective in the cities of the province. Also, cooperative housing and Lease on Condition of Ownership are the most compatible with urban and regional economic conditions in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. According to the experts, the Mehr housing policy, Tall Building, PAK policy and the construction of new cities have had the same effects in terms of economic-spatial components, but they have statistically significant differences with other policies. Also, Mehr housing and social housing show the same effects.

Urban branding is a new way of describing and implementing urban marketing. Just as city identification is done through image perception, the use of urban marketing largely depends on infrastructure, communications, and urban image management.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of urban management in branding in Isfahan City.

This research was a survey-based document-field study, which used a researcher's questionnaire as the research tool in the survey section. The statistical population included all the citizens of Isfahan City and the statistical sample was equal to 384 people according to Cochran's calculation, but 414 questionnaires were distributed and finally collected in order to obtain more accurate information. Also, 50 questionnaires were distributed among the managers of Isfahan City. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for measurement and analysis. Research Innovation: The managers and citizens’ points of view in response to the roles of municipalities, city council, chamber of commerce, and other bodies in the development of branding in Isfahan City were separately examined, which showed that the aforementioned institutions played a fundamental role in the development of the city branding. The managers believed that 77% percent of the urban management components had an impact on the development of urban branding. Also, the citizens said that the components of urban management had influenced 94% of the development of urban branding.

From the managers and citizens’ perspectives, the approvals of the municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other related bodies had a key role in the development of the city branding. The managers believed that 77% of the components of urban management had an impact on the development of urban branding. The citizens said that the urban management components had affected 94% of urban branding development.

Because the tourism industry is a money-making one, countries are competing with each other for more revenue. Creative tourism is a new option that has been able to attract tourists. Because their tastes have changed and they no longer want to be looked at as tourists, they prefer to live in indigenous culture. The purpose of this study is to determine the key drivers affecting the future status of creative tourism in Isfahan. The prevailing approach is based on the applied goal, profound nature, questionnaire, and future research approach. In the first place, using the opinions of 35 experts and activists in the field of tourism and urban planners in the field of Delphi style, 52 variables in 6 areas were extracted as variables affecting the future status of creative tourism in the city of Isfahan. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the interaction or structural analysis method by Mick Mac software to extract the main variables affecting the future status of creative tourism in Isfahan. By placing the factors in a 52*52  matrix, the effect of each of these factors on others was determined by weighting the factors (from zero to 3). 10 key factors were selected as the country's international relations with a score of 381 which had the highest direct impact, 368 in the next rank, and then the future research attitude towards creative tourism in the next rank. If tourism progresses in a city and flourishes, the findings show that the city of Isfahan has the potential for creative tourism. Paying attention to and investing in propulsion variables can pave the way to achieving this important goal.

Assessing the level of development of urban areas and awareness of the pattern of spatial distribution of deprivation is the first step in planning and implementing deprivation policies in urban areas. Isfahan city for many years with the attraction of abundant migration and unbridled population growth, has caused a balance to develop and eliminate deprivation of different parts of the city, to be at the forefront of the concerns of planners. But not paying attention to all aspects of deprivation has led to cross-sectional and unconscious interventions. The purpose of this study is to identify deprived areas of Isfahan based on a comprehensive view and help plan deprivation elimination based on specific deprivation aspects of each region and neighborhood. For this purpose, 34 indicators were identified in 4 dimensions and after determining their weight by pairwise comparison method, deprivation index was calculated by two methods of TOPSIS and factor analysis for 192 neighborhoods of Isfahan. The research method is applied in terms of nature and based on a descriptive-analytical method. The required data are mainly collected from objective and positive data and some are based on subjective data and four economic, socio-cultural, physical and environmental dimensions are included for the deprivation index. The results of TOPSIS technique determine a deprivation strip including neighborhoods in the northeast of Isfahan, the northern parts of the central regions and most of the western regions. In the method of factor analysis, this issue includes three main zones: east, northeast and west. In both methods, most areas of Isfahan have a combination of deprived, relatively deprived and privileged neighborhoods, but based on the zoning specified in both methods, neighborhoods in the north of the river, such as areas 2, 7, 9, 11, 14 and parts of areas 1 and 3 are in a worse position.

The concept of livability has emerged alongside sustainability as a slogan in public discourse and planning. In relation to the creation or preservation of cities, planners and policymakers cite the concept of livability as a guiding principle for investment and decision-making and shaping the urban social, economic, physical and biological environment, and livability. Are considered the standard of living and the general desirability of people living in a settlement like the city. One of the basic preconditions for planning in order to improve the quality of life and increase the level of sustainability in various communities is to identify the factors and elements that provide and affect urban viability that play a major role in strategic planning of the government. The present study aims to determine a framework for urban biodiability by evaluating strategic factors. The type of research is descriptive, analytical and survey according to the applied-development goal and in terms of nature and method. The information and data required for the research have been collected using documentary and field methods and from the opinions of experts. In order to analyze the data, Excel and SPSS software were used and to determine strategies and viability strategies, the SWOT model was used. Findings indicate that the city of Yasuj with a total of 29 strengths and opportunities with a weight score of 3.15 and 4.01, respectively, as advantages, has great potential for viability in various dimensions. But at the same time, 30 weaknesses and threats facing this region with a weight score of 3.49 and 3.44, respectively, as limitations show that it also faces challenges and problems. Therefore, raising the score of opportunities and weaknesses (OW) according to experts, the most important strategy for officials to make better use of opportunities and strengthen strengths and reduce weaknesses and prevent harm is a review strategy.

problematic issue takes on more serious dimensions when it occurs in the historical deteriorate fabric, The historical Fabric of cities is the most important physical-spatial context of cultural values , the importance of the role of culture in such areas has been determined. Therefore, the chosen approach to regeneration such fabrics is culture-led. The purpose of this study is assessing the impact of regeneration of the base culture (independent variable) on the sustainable development of tourism (dependent variable) and evaluate the status of indicators of each of the two concepts in the study area. This study was an applied and descriptive-analytic research in terms of purpose and method. The research tool was a questionnaire.The validity of the questionnaire was obtained using content validity and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha (0.935). Multivariate regression and one sample T test was used to analyze the data by using SPSS software. Research findings show that there is a strong correlation and direct relationship between the cultural-led regeneration components and sustainable tourism development in historical deteriorate fabric of Isfahan city. The results also showed that cultural-led regeneration (independent variable) has the highest correlation with these indicators, respectively: the index of service and welfare facilities, environmental, social, urban management, culture, technology and physical. The results showed that the economic index in the sustainable development of tourism is in an unfavorable situation and in assessing the status of cultural-led regeneration indicators, the performance index is in an unfavorable position compared to other indicators.

The present study applies quantitative-survey method and secondary data to evaluate and spatial analysis of urban physical sustainability in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. First, 22 objective indicators of physical sustainability were selected using CVI and CVR methods. Then, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was applied to evaluate the physical sustainability of the cities. Also, for spatial analysis of the distribution pattern of urban physical sustainability in the province, spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) method were used. Based on PCA method, findings indicated that four principal components (namely; urban landuse, worn textures, intra-urban accesses, infrastructures and communication technologies) with a cumulative variance of 64.548% explained the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate urban physical sustainability in the province. Based on spatial pattern analysis method, results showed that there is a cluster pattern of sustainability around the whole province as well as a rather concentration of physical sustainability in cities closer to Shahrekord (the province center).

Creative city is a city where new activities take place and people work together responsibly and creatively and with collective thinking to solve problems and improve living conditions and environmental qualities of the city. The aim of this article is to investigate ways to improve the quality of public spaces in the city of Lar with a creative city approach; also the factors affecting the quality of public spaces in this city have examined. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Theoretical foundations and effective indicators in improving the quality of public spaces in the city have been examined through the review of scientific scholar, and the quality of urban spaces through public opinion survey. The statistical population is residents of 15 years and older in Lar city, sample size achieved using Cochran's formula, which is equal 381 people. The results show that the quality of public spaces in city of Lar is not appropriate according to the indicators of urban creativity in both components of site selection and design component with an average of 2.89, and the quality management and planning component of public spaces with an average of 3.13. Based on the factor analysis, the most important factors affecting the quality of public spaces in Lar are the sense of belonging and appropriateness, beauty and design, vitality and social interaction, access and a sense of vitality and adaptation of spaces. The most effective strategies in improving the quality of public spaces to enforce creativity are to use the spirit of citizen participation to solve the problems of urban spaces and maintain public spaces and improve sports activity, cultural and artistic activities and interaction with university centers.

TheCreative tourism is a new form of cultural tourism in which the tourist behaves like a citizen and enables them to leverage their creative potential within the community through active participation in local workshops and educational programs. Between indexing, one can evaluate a city's creative potential and potential for creating innovation based on that city's talent and culture, and map that city's future in the field, provided it is first based on the culture of that native city Made.The purpose of this study is to index creative tourism in Islamic cities of Iran. The dominant approach is based on a practical purpose and based on a Case description, based on a questionnaire. This article attempts to try to localize them in accordance with Iranian Islamic culture by examining the creative theories of the city and by looking creatively at their sub-indices. Then, a field method based on questionnaire compilation,Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) is used to evaluate and analyze the content of indicators affecting the creativity dimensions of tourism. Socio-cultural, physical-spatial, economic, political, infrastructure-welfare and technology-development were presented for measuring creative tourism in Isfahan. After analyzing the collected questionnaires, 48 ​​of them were omitted due to lack of content validity ratio and 66 sub-indices were confirmed in the form of 6 indices.

Reconstruction and revitalization of Imam Ali Square (AS) has been the most important and costly renovation and design project in Isfahan for many years. In the renovation plans of this square, only physical issues such as paving and improving the appearance have been considered. There has been no discussion of meaning, increased memory, customer attraction, business satisfaction and economic life in the actions taken... In fact, if an urban space or a city does not have economic vitality, it will not practically become a living and revitalized space. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the key factors affecting the functional burnout of Imam Ali Square. The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the research. In this regard, using the interaction analysis method in Mick Mac software and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software, the key factors affecting functional burnout have been identified and finally by selecting the key factors affecting functional burnout in Imam Ali Square using Scenario writing method was used in Scenario Wizard software. The statistical population of this study is urban experts. The sampling method is snowball and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire this year. Findings show that the seven factors of appropriate programs, green space per capita, low interest facilities, physical stability, facilities of cultural and recreational centers, visual proportions and various job opportunities have the greatest impact and key role in the functional burnout of Imam Ali Square. Also, based on the results of the third scenario, with 5 desirable modes and a usefulness of 42.86%, the most optimistic and promising scenario is the reconstruction and performance improvement of Imam Ali Square.

Urban decayed texture is the most important potential for using urban land, for housing, providing open spaces and services, and improving the environmental qualities. On the other hand, these contexts are a practical solution to prevent the physical expansion of the city from underdeveloped lands around the city and the development of empty and abandoned lands within the urban area that can help revitalize  the city. In this regard, the main aim of this study is to identify the capacity of decayed texture to construct housing. Research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature, and applied in terms of purpose and aim. In order to achieve the goals of the research, spatial data and performing relevant analyzes in GIS and multi-criteria decision model AHP, VIKOR, SAW has been used. The statistical population were urban planning experts of Isfahan, and the sample size is 30 experts, based on theoretical saturation, and snowball sampling is used to choose the experts. The results of the two methods of VIKOR and linear weight combination showed that out of the total area of ​​Sarcheshmeh neighborhood, in VIKOR model 336354.29 square meters and in linear weight combination model, 15213.59 square meters have high capacity for housing production. Since the number of pixels on the utility threshold is higher in the VIKOR model, the output of the VIKOR model is preferred to use the decayed texture to provide future housing.

  Introduction

Following the introduction of the concept of smart city, a wide range of organizations have sought to develop the application of new technologies in urban management and planning. Numerous research projects have been conducted to identify the aspects of acceptance and application of technology. However, very few have studied technology acceptance at an organizational level. Among the research projects focused on effective factors in technology acceptance at an organizational level, very few have been concerned with the effective aspects of technology acceptance in non-governmental organizations in developing countries. Therefore, such aspects have not been identified precisely for the municipality as a non-governmental organization in Iran. This can make it difficult to apply technology in the municipality or even cause such efforts to fail. Therefore, it seems necessary to conduct a comprehensive study in the area.

The review of the literature reveals that technology acceptance has been proposed in various fields such as many areas of human behavior. The most important theories in the area of technology acceptance include the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), with over 67300 citations, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (Venkatesh et al., 2003), with over 23870 citations, the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975), with over 52450 citations, the diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 1983), with over 100700 citations, and the technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989), with over 43980 citations in Google Scholar. Each of these theories represents a number of constructs that are important in the measurement of user intention about technology acceptance.Two research categories are identified here: studies on technology acceptance at the micro level, such as those focused on private organizations, and studies on technology acceptance at the macro level, such as those concerning e-governments or public organizations. The latter group investigate citizens’ acceptance of e-governments regardless of the organizational level and managers’ viewpoints. Based on the above theories, this group of studies seek to specify e-government acceptance by modeling user behavior. This paper proposed a citizen-based conceptual model of e-government acceptance for developing countries, seeking to identify the effectiveness of constructs on technology acceptance in a public organization, namely Isfahan Municipality.MethodologyThe objective of this research was to identify the factors effective on technology acceptance in the Isfahan municipality as a non-governmental organization. Given the subject of the research and the population, the grounded theory was used, which is one of the most efficient choices in qualitative research. For this purpose, a semi-structured questionnaire was designed based on the review of the literature and used for interviewing managers and senior experts in the Isfahan municipality. The grounded theory was extracted directly from data collected systematically during the research process and analyzed. In this method, the collected and analyzed data and the final theory are closely interrelated. Moreover, the analysis involves a confrontation between the researcher’s mind and the data. The purpose of this analytical method is to organize the data in specific categories based on their characteristics and dimensions and then to describe each of the categories. The results of the interviews were recorded as textual data using the Atlas.ti software, and were analyzed using the method of finite element analysis. Coding methods were employed to identify the effective categories and dimensions and their interrelations. 

The context in which a technology is to be used, including the social, cultural, and political characteristics of the society, has an important role in the extent to which the technology gains acceptance. Another effective factor is the cooperation and participation of organizations and their ways of thinking and performance in that regard. It should be noted that these dimensions have indirect as well as direct effects on decision-making for technology acceptance, applied through moderating constructs. The results of this study demonstrated that 23 categories were effective on technology acceptance in the Isfahan municipality, which could be classified further into eight major groups. These include the background, causative, technical, encouraging, deterrent, moderating, decision-making, and consequential categories.The findings also indicated that the constructs proposed in this research were significantly different from those introduced in previous research. This could be due to two fundamental differences between this study and previous ones. Firstly, the present research examined the constructs of technology acceptance at the level of the organization, which involved different dimensions from those concerning the acceptance of technology at an individual level. Secondly, there were fundamental differences between the areas in which the data were compiled in the sample tests. In other words, this research was conducted in the context of the technical, cultural, political, economic, and social infrastructures of developing countries, leading to different user attitudes and views from those concerning developed countries. 

This paper aimed to generate a conceptual model to increase urban service technology acceptance in organizations by modeling the constructs affecting managers and experts in the municipality. It clarified the relationships among these constructs. Identification of these constructs and their relationships can be useful in the attempts to correct the process of technology acceptance in organizations, especially public ones. The results of this study are particularly important to managers, urban planners, and researchers studying technology acceptance with a smart city approach. The findings can facilitate the process of developing smart cities with a focus on municipalities. Moreover, the constructs presented in this research can be tested using quantitative methods in future research projects.AcknowledgmentThis article was extracted from a PhD thesis on urban planning entitled A Novel Framework for Urban Service Technology Adoption According to the Smart City Approach: Case Study of the Urban Service Technology in the Isfahan Municipality, defended by the first author under supervision of the second and third authors in the Art University of Isfahan.

Disability as a biological and social phenomenon is a reality that all countries face. Meeting the access needs of people with disabilities requires the use of special measures because providing equal access and opportunities for members of society is one of the pillars of citizenship rights.The purpose of this article is to redefine the content of the urban planning system based on a critical analysis of Isfahan urban space from the perspective of the disabled and to provide practical recommendations for improving the social, spatial and physical conditions of cities in favor of physically disabled people. Thus, the researcher in the present study seeks to answer the question that what is the model of the components of the criticized urban space of Isfahan from the perspective of the disabled and how valid is this model? The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical. Urban spaces are part of the open and public spaces of cities, which are a kind of crystallization of the nature of collective life. Urban spaces are a scene in which the story of collective life unfolds. They are spaces that allow people to access and work in it. While discussing social justice, Hahn sees access to places and spaces as broadly underpinning the efforts of people with disabilities to achieve equal opportunity. In every city, the necessary facilities for welfare and development must be provided for all sections of society. Many people with disabilities, especially the physically disabled, live in this world. On the other hand, cities are built for people who have a strong and healthy body. However, all citizens in cities, including the disabled, have the right to enjoy living and working opportunities in cities. The importance of citizenship equality is that people with disabilities, like other people in society, enjoy the facilities available in urban public spaces. People with physical disabilities are usually unable to move around cities due to physical barriers, unfair land use policies, substandard buildings, and insufficient public spaces available. Some developed countries of the world have paid attention to the needs of the disabled who have returned from the war since the eighties. As the social dimension of the issue expanded, it became even more important. These countries implemented programs that ensured the movement of the physically disabled in cities without any problems. In the present study, the type of study in terms of purpose is applied-developmental and the research method is analytical-descriptive in nature. The required information has been collected from documentary method and field or survey method. In the documentary method to review the theoretical foundations of research and statistics and information required, the most important research related to the subject, in the form of scientific articles in valid journals and statistical offices, municipalities, etc. have been used. The statistical population of the study will consist of two groups: 1- Managers and specialists in urban space affairs and affairs of the disabled; 2- All citizens with disabilities, veterans and mobility disabilities over 6 years old who are divided into five groups according to the types of disabilities (mobility and deaf - physically disabled, blind, visually impaired; spinal cord injuries). Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data obtained from the researcher-made questionnaire and the findings will be presented in the form of graphic representation and numerical indicators of the central tendency. Graphs are used to display graphically. Among the central tendency indices, the facade, which is the most appropriate type of central tendency index for reporting quantitative research, is used. Regression analysis is also used in SPSS20 software to check the validity of the model. Finally, the results of both stages are interpreted.
According to the studies and researches, it is concluded that the main problems of the disabled person in Isfahan are related to the network of roads and urban furniture. Adapting the passages for all citizens, especially the sensory-motor disabilities, is a must for you. Problems and obstacles in the urban pedestrian access network and the lack of comfortable movement on the sidewalks, create problems for different people. In the urban environment, people with disabilities, as an important group, should be considered in all urban designs. The blind in the city of Isfahan suffer from the lack of connection between the blind conductor routes and the disabled have problems with not considering their needs in the urban space. Therefore, measures must be taken to increase the participation and presence of this city. In the following, suggestions are provided to improve the situation of this city of Isfahan for the movement of the disabled and the mentally handicapped.

AbstractGorgan city with more than 150 hectares of historical context is one of the important historical centers of the country. Despite its positive features, the city suffers from some physical, environmental and infrastructural problems. In the present study, with the aim of determining the priority of general development strategies in the historical context of Gorgan, several proposed modeling strategies and then the optimal priorities for re-creation are introduced. The research was applied and in its analysis, a combination of documentary and survey methods using quantitative and qualitative models (ANP-SWOT) was used. The statistical population of the study included 15 experts (experts of executive bodies and university professors) who were selected by snowball technique. After reviewing the upstream documents, 11 strengths, 12 weaknesses, 10 opportunities and 11 threats were extracted from the context of Gorgan. Then, by adjusting the internal and external strategic factors, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was prepared and provided to the experts. Finally, based on the obtained indicators, the SWOT strategic matrix was formed and strategies were evaluated and prioritized using the ANP model in Super Decision software. The results of modeling showed that among the proposed strategies, strategies to support historical tourist attractions with the approach of economic and social revitalization and improving the physical condition of the tissue, Organizing the transportation network in the historical context with emphasis on public transportation network, use of barren and recyclable lands due to low prices for tourism development, The review of the distribution of facilities and services in the context of the context identified the optimal strategic priorities and ranked first to fourth, respectively. As a result, in recreating the historical context of Gorgan, those in charge should focus on offensive strategies.

Waste reduction is a key factor and an essential infrastructure in creating a sustainable society. Although in recent years Tehran Municipality has taken good measures in various fields of waste management such as separation from the source, mechanized collection and construction of compost plants, but the amount of waste production in Tehran has not only not decreased but also It has also increased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of waste production and separation of waste from the source in 22 districts of Tehran Municipality 

The present study is an analytical-descriptive method in terms of research method, depending on the nature of the problem, and to perform tests and analyzes from the model (AHP) and through Expert choice software in pairs in relation to the levels relative to each other. The information layers in the Arc GIS software environment are spatially modeled and the basic data required for analysis are presented.

The results of the present study show that the establishment of integrated waste management, gradual transfer of implementation of some elements of waste management, including waste recycling, collection, transportation to the private sector, management and supervision of municipalities on Waste affairs, attracting people's participation in the implementation of waste management programs, especially segregation at the source and recycling, communication of organizations and executive bodies related to public education and providing various trainings and culture by municipalities to organize waste management A city is mandatory and one of the basic solutions. Comparing the per capita amount of municipal waste production in different areas of Tehran with the maximum acceptable capacity of waste production, indicates the distance of waste production in all areas of Tehran from the maximum allowable amount. Therefore, in addition to planning and taking strategic measures to reduce urban waste in Tehran, these plans and measures should be designed according to the characteristics of each area and the quality and quantity of waste in that area.

Today, cities face many problems in the economic, social, environmental and physical fields such as reducing the viability and diminishing the importance of urban ecology in the urban housing structure. Therefore, the necessity and importance of paying attention to sustainable development theory and its resulting approaches, such as the habitability approach, will create a city away from the economic, social, environmental and physical problems. According to the above, the present article aims at evaluating the status (perceptual and mental) of the indicators of Yazd city life after more scientific explanation and a more expert look on its factors. Accordingly, in view of the study of theoretical literature on survival, a conceptual framework consisting of octogenic factors has been developed to study the formulation of research and analysis. In order to achieve this goal, using a library-survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire, 384 residents of the four areas of Yasouj city were evaluated by probabilistic sampling method (simple denomination) and examined for bioavailability A city of 4 indicators (social, physical, economic, environmental) with 52 items has been used. In order to weigh the indicators, the Shannon entropy technique and for ranking the regions and the randomness or clustering of the status of urban biomass indicators, respectively, were from the Shannon entropy, Coopers and Muran spatial relationship statistics And Spss and Arc Gis software have been used. The results of the research show that the spatial distribution pattern of perceptual bioequivalence indicators in the city of Yasuj is clustered. Other findings of the study also indicate that the status of bioaccumulation indices in the Cooper's technique shows that the economic index with Qi (0.053) is the highest and the environmental index with Qi (0.027) is the lowest Among other indicators. In the end, the general status of habitat is inappropriate on the level of four areas of Yasuj city. So that area 1 is the best situation and areas 2, 3 and 4 are ranked respectively, respectively

Today, economic challenges is the most important obstacles to achieving sustainability in the cities of developing countries. Therefore, recognition and geographical analysis of the factors affecting the economic sustainability of cities are among the important goals and priorities of urban and regional planning.

This research has been done by quantitative and survey method and using secondary data. In this study, with using the content validity index and content validity ratio, 17 objective indicators of economic sustainability were selected and economic sustainability of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari cities measured and analyzed by using principal component analysis, spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) and inverse distance weighting interpolation methods.

Findings of the research in the principal component analysis show that the three principal components (economic welfare, economic dynamism and economic diversity) with a total variance of 60.7%, explain the correlation between research variables to measure and evaluate the urban economic sustainability of the province. Also, spatial autocorrelation Moranchr('39')s Index with a value of 0.031 indicates the random spatial pattern of urban economic sustainability in the province and the significance of spatial relationships of 7 urban centers in economic welfare, 8 urban centers in economic dynamism, 6 urban centers in economic diversity and 9 urban centers in the composite index of economic sustainability.

The results of the study, while showing the unfavorable situation of the cities of the province in the economic welfare component, show the concentration of the better situation of the cities located in the eastern half, especially the cities located in Saman, Borujen and Shahrekord county compared to other regions of the province in all three principal components and combined economic sustainability index.

Endogenous urban development is one of the three policies of urban development, which is presented along with two policies of connected or continuous urban development (creating towns connected to the city and within the official city limits) and separate or intermittently urban development policy (creating new cities at a distance from the mother city). This approach has several comparative advantages over the other two policies. The purpose of this study was spatial assessment and analysis of endogenous development zones in region 3 of Isfahan metropolis.

The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The ANP model was used to determine the areas of internal development, and the nearest neighbor index and the Getis-Ord model were used to analyze its clusters.

According to the calculations of ANP model, very high, high, low and very low priority areas for endogenous development had 0.97, 0.91, and 430 hectares, respectively. Therefore, about 188 hectares of the texture of region 3 of Isfahan is prone to internal development. According to the nearest neighbor mean method, the distribution pattern of very high and high priority areas had a z-scoer of -20.85, which indicates a completely cluster distribution pattern of these lands. According to the Getis-Ord Gi model, the priority areas were in the northern and central part and the low priority clusters were in the southern part of the region.

The northern and central parts of Zone 3 are in a good position in terms of land use proximity indicators. In general, certain parts of Region 3 have the potential for internal development. Therefore, the implementation of intermediate development will cause the worn-out tissue of Region 3 to flourish and also to get out of isolation.

Sport Tourismispart of tourismtoyouthatthere is acombination ofsportandtourismandgrowingat a rapid rateandbecomingmajor industrialand independent. The aim ofthis study was toanalyze the role oftourismin developingcountriesisthe abilityofthe province. Methodsbased onapplied researchandthedescriptive nature –analysis. A questionnaireto collectinformationanddataandto extract datafromaprovince's Expert choice software. Theranking oftherankingsregionalVIKOR(Vikor)andwill be usedforweightingtheAHP model Samplesfromthe49-member tourismexpertsandSWOTassessment modelto determine thestrengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatshave been usedinsportsTourism. The results of this study showed that Ardestān cities, Nain, Golpayegan in the first three levels of the holy city, Esfahan and Frieden in terms of sport tourism are three levels And a convenient geographic position in the strength, lack of sports infrastructure weaknesses, opportunities and boost employment in various sectors of the progressive destruction of natural resources are the main threat in the field of sport tourism Province And according to the results of the internal and external factors Isfahan sport tourism strategies so (invasive) has the highest weight. The province has the capability to develop sports tourism

based on the strategic position of the Iran in the Middle East and the threats that exist, address to the vulnerability of the country is necessary, especially the cities, which are the places where massive accumulation of various capital is there.Today's wars have more emphasis on damaging infrastructure and important urban points to avoidin high cost of erosion wars.On the other hand, Seaports have a high vulnerability to wars and natural hazards due to the presence of several urban sensitive points and also because of being located in the coastal strip and the absence of natural obstacles such as mountains and forest in their vicinity, which provide enough protection. Method of this study is descriptive-analytical, and main purpose is evaluating and analyzing the vulnerabilities of the urban sensitive points of Dayyer seaport based on the principles of passive defense. At first, the list of vulnerable sensitive points and also vulnerability criteria and sub-criteria were extracted based on the sources and experts’s opinions, then through the questionnaire and decision method AHP, the vulnerability level of the points was determined. After designing vulnerability maps in ArcGIS, with SWOT programming method approch of system was determind. Based on the results sensitive points have high and different vulnerability. An appropriate strategy to reduce vulnerability is the aggressive.