زهرا محمدزاده

Loyalty is an important concept in marketing and makes customers less likely to search for hotels among different hotel names and stay loyal to the same hotel they have been to before. Therefore, after reviewing the literature related to marketing management and brand management, the main goal of this research was to test the effect of the hotel's tangible and intangible characteristics as well as the perception of the hotel's well-being on hotel brand loyalty. In this regard, it has also investigated the mediating role of cognitive and emotional attitude towards the brand. For this purpose, 384 guests of 4 and 5 star hotels in Mashhad were surveyed using a questionnaire. The sample members were selected by conducting the convenience sampling sample. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling technique in Amos software. The research results showed that the tested model has a good fit to the data, and all the research hypotheses were confirmed. In particular, the tangible and intangible characteristics of the hotel had an effect on the perception of the hotel well-being; perceived well-being had an effect on the cognitive and emotional attitude towards the hotel brand; and the two components of brand attitude affected hotel brand loyalty. In addition, the mediating roles of brand attitude components in the relationship between perceived well-being and loyalty to the hotel brand were also confirmed.

Studying the effects of Azospirillum and nanoparticles (silicon and zinc) on grain yield and some traits of Triticale under salinity stress was conducted as a factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications at the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022.

The experimental factors included salinity levels (no salinity as control, salinity of 60 and 120 mM by NaCl), application of Azospirillum (no inoculation as control and seed inoculation with Azospirillum), nanoparticles foliar application (foliar application with water as control, foliar spraying 0.8 g.L-1 nano zinc oxide, 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, combined foliar application of nano zinc oxide as 0.4 g.L-1 and nano silicon as 25 g.L-1).

The application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles in 120mM salinity increased proline content (37.46 percent), hydrogen peroxide (41.66 percent), malondialdehyde (37.57 percent) and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes (53.86 and 47 percent, respectively) compared with non-saline conditions and lack of Azospirillum and nanoparticles application. Application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles increased the content of soluble sugar (18.68 percent) and catalase enzyme activity (28 percent) as compared with treatments that did not receive Azospirillum application and foliar spraying. Not applying Azospirillum and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity increased dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (54.25 percent) and the contribution of dry matter remobilization from aerial organs (126.14 percent) compared with the application of Azospirillum and nanoparticles under non-saline conditions.

It seems that applying Azospirillum and nanoparticle foliar application can increase grain yield of triticale under salinity stress due to improved biochemical traits.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of intention to use electronic banking services on the actual behavior of using these services and the moderating role of economic risk and perceived aesthetics on the relationship between intention and behavior in the future bank.The descriptive research method is an applied goal,and in terms of implementation method,a descriptive survey and a questionnaire were used to collect data.In the present study,the statistical population includes customers and depositors of Ayandeh Bank who use the electronic services on the Internet of this bank. Data analysis of250 questionnaires collected from Ayandeh Bank customers in Mashhad was performed using structural equation modeling technique and PLS statistical software. The results showed that the structural model of the present study has sufficient predictive power.It was also found that the intention to use e-services affected their behavior of such services.The results showed that the perceived economic risk negatively affects consumers' intention to use the e-services of Ayandeh bank on their usage behavior.It was finally determined that perceived aesthetics risk does not affect the relationship between our sample's intention to use e-banking services' behavior.In general,the intention to use motivational factors affects the behavior of actual use of technology, and this study depicts e-banking and shows the number of efforts people are willing to make

Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. ‎Several methods have been proposed to increase the resistance of crops against water limitation. In this ‎regard, the use of vermicompost and silicon can improve the performance of crop plants under stress ‎conditions. Considering the above fact, thr present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of ‎nanosilicon and vermicompost application on grain yield and the trend of changes some physiological ‎traits (i.e, chlorophyll index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and ‎stomatal conductivity) of rye in different irrigation regimes.‎ a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three ‎replications was conducted under the research greenhouse conditions in 2023. Treatments were various ‎irrigation regimes (normal irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading ‎stages as severe and moderate water limitation, respectively), application of nanosilicon and ‎vermicompost at four levels (no application as control, application of nanosilicon, vermicompost, both ‎application vermicompost and nanosilicon). Vermicompost was prepared from Gilda corporation and ‎silicon from Pishgaman Nanomaterials Company. Nano silicon was with the average of particle size of ‎less than 30 nm. Foliar application of Si was done in stages of tillering and stem elongation (BBCH 21 ‎and 30, respectively).‎‏ ‏Two weeks after irrigation withholding in booting stage, some biochemical and ‎physiological traits were measured on the flag leaf. The trend of changes some traits such as chlorophyll ‎index, nitrogen index, relative water content, leaf electrical conductivity and stomatal conductivity were ‎measured at time intervals every four days from 135 to 150 days after planting.‎‏ ‏Analysis of variance was ‎done by software package SAS v9.12. The main effects and interactions were compared by LSD test at the ‎‎0.05 the probability level, using the SAS version 9.1. ‎ study of the trend of changes some physiological traits showed that in 151 days after plantingunder irrigation withholding at of booting conditions, application of vermicompost and nano silicon ‎increased chlorophyll index (47.9%), nitrogen index (47.6%), relative content of flag leaf (30.2 %), ‎stomatal conductance (12.8%), root weight and volume (22.3 and 28.3%, respectively), plant height ‎‎(32.5%), spike length (32.2%), the number of grains per spike (40.2 %) and grain yield (7.3%) as ‎compared to no application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level from irrigation levels. ‎Also, under irrigation withholding at of booting stage conditions, no application of nano silicon and ‎vermicompost increased electrical conductivity (13.8%), hydrogen peroxide content (26.7%) and ‎malondialdehyde (9.8%) as compared to application of nano silicon and vermicompost at the same level ‎from irrigation levels.‎ Therefore, with considering of the results of this study, it can be stated that, applying ‎nano silicon and vermicompost were able to compensate part of the yield reduction caused by water ‎limitation by improving some physiological traits of rye.‎

Weaknesses in children’s social skills could lead to a number of problems during the adulthood. Aimed at reducing such problems through elimination of those weaknesses by engaging preschoolers in group games, in the present study a sample of 30 preschoolers with weak social skills were randomly placed in two groups of equal size, one of which went through 10 sessions of group games in 5 weeks. The analysis of the collected data revealed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the group’s social skills, as they exhibited appropriate social skills, avoided anti-social behaviors such as aggression and supremacy, and improved their relationships with their peers. Thus those dealing with children are recommended to use group games, alongside other interventions, to correct and improve children’s social skills.

Today, the expansion of competition among organizations and gaining brand reputation has become the main goal of organizations and the first priority of organizations. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of participation, identification, reputation and attachment in creating a reputable brand among the students of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. In the current research, the statistical population includes all graduate and doctoral students of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch, whose number, according to the contents on the website of this university, is about 2800 people. Also, in the current research, the sampling method was available in the form of a random sample, and 415 questionnaires were distributed in person and online(in the class groups of students of the desired courses), and finally, 382 questionnaires were entered into the analysis stage. In order to measure the face validity of the instrument, help was taken from the supervisor, and content validity was checked and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check and confirm reliability. Finally, data analysis was done using structural equations and PLS version 3 and SPSS version 24 software. The results of this research show that cultural participation, brand identity and brand reputation have significant effect on brand attachment. Also, brand identity and brand reputation and participation have a positive effect on brand credibility, In addition, brand attachment does not affect brand credibility.

Metaverse is a virtual space where users can interact and trade with digital assets. However, the legal challenges of businesses in the Metaverse are still evolving and new dimensions are being added every day. Metaverse will affect businesses fundamentally both in terms of content and in terms of the processes of implementing activities. Since all economic and managerial activities are administered on a legal basis, managing in the Metaverse also follows the same rule and we must know the legal requirements of working in this space. Some recent metaverse Challenges, such as intellectual property infringement, show that the field is in urgent need of commercial legal foundations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the legal challenges of businesses in this growing environment. The purpose of this research is to examine the legal challenges related to Metaverse in the business environment and to identify and provide some potential solutions to address those challenges.

Studying various prior researches, six basic challenges of the business for users and companies active in Metaverse have been identified, including intellectual property, privacy, legal jurisdiction, virtual identity, cybercrimes and terms of service.

The research method is analytic and survey. The statistical population is academic business and law experts who are familiar with Metaverse. Sampling was based on by judgmental or purposeful method. The aforementioned experts were asked to participate in research on the legal challenges of businesses in Metaverse using the Delphi method. Delphi is used for prospective studies and identification of unknown dimensions and indicators of a situation. 15 experts took part in 3 round of Delphi method. After three rounds of surveys in the form of a questionnaire, the viewpoints of experts were analyzed using in SPSS software. In the final stage, the Kendall coefficient was calculated as 0.763, which shows that the members of the Delphi panel have reached a relative agreement.

The results of the surveys indicate that the main challenges identified in the field of business law in Metaverse, in order of importance, include intellectual property rights, privacy, jurisdiction, cybercrimes, terms of service, and virtual identity. The most important challenge for businesses in Metaverse was identified as intellectual property rights. Propertis are created every moment on Metaverse, many of which are created by users of these platforms. These assets are sometimes much more valuable than assets in the physical world. The question is that who will be the main owner of these assets? The second challenge was the privacy problem. Since the data of users and customers is published in the public space of Metaverse, a distinction should be made between the data that the user publishes knowingly and the data that is published unintentionally by the platform or other users, and policies should be set to protect user privacy. The third challenge is the jurisdiction of disputes and the application of laws. Considering the global nature of the Metaverse, which country's laws should be used to apply the laws is a problem that needs to be thought about. The fourth identified challenge is determining the terms of service provided by companies and platform providers to users. Determining the terms of providing services to users is a kind of contract that informs both users and administrators about the conditions of presence and use of the platform. The last Challenge is the virtual identity of users. These identities, known as avatars, can live in the Metaverse, own and shop, travel, interact with other virtual identities, and even commit crimes. These virtual users and customers must accept responsibility for their actions

In the business world, considering the metaverse and virtual worlds, there should be more specific international laws regarding the rights of different stakeholders, because this world is a relatively new concept and technology that mankind has not had any experience with so far. However, some current laws and regulations in the business space, such as intellectual property laws, data privacy laws, and online conduct laws, may also apply to activities in the Metaverse domain. An important suggestion is to create new rules and regulations that suit the unique characteristics of the metaverse, such as virtual property ownership rules, intellectual property rights, and user privacy in the metaverse. In the recommendations section, also the need for taking an interdisciplinary approach to understand the legal challenges of the metaverse and the importance of creating specific laws, regulations, and policies that balance the competing interests of various stakeholders are emphasizes. Another suggestion is the cooperation of various business organizations and stakeholders in developing standards and best practices for Metaverse, which promotes stability and fairness in various virtual environments and builds trust. Also, it is suggested that education and awareness should be pursued seriously to help users and beneficiaries understand their rights and responsibilities in this new environment.

Today, the rapid growth and increasing use of social networks has made it possible for sellers, retailers and buyers to communicate more effectively in the online retail environment. In this research, investigating the antecedents and consequences of brand love; From the online consumer's brand engagement to the intention of creating brand value (the case of the study of the Afogh Korosh brand) in the year 1401. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of execution method. The statistical population of the research is all customers of Afogh Korosh stores, whose number is unlimited and unknown, and the statistical sample was calculated using Morgan's table of 384 people in PLS software, with the method of structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that online consumer brand engagement had a significant effect on brand love and willingness to pay a higher price, as well as on the intention to create brand value. Also, brand trust has an effect on brand love and the intention to create brand value, but it did not affect the willingness to pay a higher price. Online consumer brand identity had an effect on brand love and willingness to pay a higher price, but it did not have a significant effect on the intention to create brand value. Finally, love for the brand had a significant effect on the intention to create brand value and willingness to pay a higher price.

The purpose of this study is to comparison the effect of dental treatments under general anesthesia and outpatient on the level of fear and anxiety and quality of life related to oral health of children.

Methods & Materials: 

In this cross sectional study two groups of 3 to 6 years old children are selected, one group need dental treatment with general anesthesia and the other group need outpatient treatment in the office. Questionnaires for assessing the child's fear and anxiety level (DS-CFSS) and evaluating the quality of life related to the child's mouth (F-ECOHIS) are provided to the parents before the treatment and 1 month after the treatment. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version17) using Mann whitney, T-Test , Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks.The level of significancy was 0.05.

Anxiety before the treatment and also after the end of the treatment was significantly higher in the general anesthesia group than in the outpatient treatment group (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Children's anxiety score has decreased significantly in the outpatient treatment method (p=0.007) and in the treatment method under general anesthesia decreased significantly (p<0.001). The quality of life of children in the outpatient treatment group was significantly higher than the general anesthesia group before the study (p=0.008). There is no significant difference in the quality of life after the treatment between children in the outpatient treatment group and general anesthesia. (p=0.614).

Both methods, outpatient treatment and treatment under general anesthesia are highly effective and have a positive effect on the quality of life related to children's oral health and are able to reduce their anxiety. The treatment under general anesthesia was more successful in reducing anxiety of children comparison to base line ,but in related to the quality of life there was no significant difference.

Salinity stands as a significant environmental stressor that profoundly curtails the growth and yield of crop plants. This adversity also extends to the impairment of pigments and plastids, leading to diminished chlorophyll indices, rates, and grain-filling durations. To counteract the deleterious impact of such stressors on plant growth, a spectrum of strategies has been devised. Prominent among these strategies are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, exemplified by azospirillum, and the utilization of nanoparticles like zinc and silicon. These factors play a pivotal role in elevating yield outcomes. Zinc's pivotal involvement spans protein metabolism, photosynthetic activities, and diverse physiological traits within plants. Particularly noteworthy is its contribution to rectifying zinc deficiency, a particularly critical concern in plants cultivated in high-pH soils. Notably, recent research has illuminated the potential of applying minute quantities of micronutrients, notably zinc via foliar spraying, in bolstering plant resilience against salt stress. Likewise, silicon emerges as a supplemental micronutrient that imparts heightened resistance to environmental stresses, fostering increased resilience within biological systems. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticles (zinc and silicon) on the yield, photosynthetic pigments, and filling components of triticale grain under salt stress.

This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2022. Factors experimental included salinity at three levels (no salinity as control, application of 60, 120 mM salinity) by NaCl, application of PGPR at two levels (no inoculation as control and seed inoculation with Azospirillium), and foliar application of nanoparticles at four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 0.8 g.L-1 nano zinc oxide, foliar application 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, foliar application both of nano zinc oxide (0.4 g.L-1) and nano silicon (25 mg.L-1). The strains and cell densities of microorganisms used as PGPR in this experiment were 1×107 bacteria per milliliter (107 cfu.ml−1). A two-part linear model was used to quantify the grain-filling parameters. In this study, grain dry weight and number were used to calculate the average grain weight for each sample. Total duration of grain filling was determined for each treatment combination by fitting a bilinear model:    GW =where GW is the grain dry weight; a, the GW-intercept; b, the slope of grain weight indicating grain filling rate; t, the days after earring; and t0, physiological maturity. The effective grain filling period (EGFD) was calculated from the following equation:EGFD = the highest grain weight (g)/rate of grain filling (g day-1).

The results showed that application of Azospirillium and foliar application of nano zinc-silicon oxide under no salinity increased chlorophyll a (38.42%), chlorophyll b (41.76%), total chlorophyll (39.39%), carotenoids (53.99%), root weight (62.61%), grain filling rate (16.37%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (21.28 and 29.78%) and grain yield (47.23%) in compared to no application of Azospirillium and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity. Application of Azospirillium and foliar application nano zinc-silicon oxide under 60 mM salinity also increased chlorophyll a (31.4%), chlorophyll b (34.35%), total chlorophyll (32%), carotenoids (45.68%), root weight (57.14%), grain filling rate (15.21%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (21.29 and 28.16%) and grain yield (35.67%) in compared to the application of Azospirillium and nanoparticles under 120 mM salinity. According to this study, application of Azospirillium and nanoparticles (zinc and silicon) can increase yield of triticale grain under salinity stress such as no salinity due to the improvement of photosynthetic pigments content and grain filling components.

With increasing environmental concerns from consumers, governments and communities around the world and organizations have sought to develop environmentally friendly programs such as green service and product development, green behavior and green technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IoT, green shopping intention and green operations on green behavior of employees in the hotel industry (Case study: Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this study was all employees of Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel, whose number is 100 people. The statistical sample was calculated using Morgan table, 80 people and the random sampling method was simple. In order to collect data, Basana et al (2021) questionnaire was used. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, content validity and professors' approval., construct validity, convergent and divergent were used and the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, structural equation modeling methods using PLS software have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Internet of Things has a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. The intention to buy green also had a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. But the impact of green operations on staff green behavior was not confirmed.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that reduce the ‎growth and yield of crop plants. Application of biofertilizers increases yield and the resistance of plants ‎against various environmental stresses, such as salinity. Also, zinc plays an important role in protein ‎metabolism, photosynthetic activity and some physiological traits crop plants. Zinc deficiency is ‎recognized as a critical problem in‏ ‏plants, especially grown on saline conditions with high pH values. But, ‎recent researches have shown that a small amount of nutrients, particularly Zn applied by foliar spraying ‎can affect ability of plants to salinity stress. Silicon is also a complementary micronutrient for biological ‎systems and has an important physiological role in increasing resistance of plants against various ‎environmental stresses. The aim of this research was to investigate Azosperlium and nanoparticles (zinc ‎and silicon) effects on yield and some physiological traits of triticale under salinity stress.‎ This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete ‎design with three replications in greenhouse research of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ‎University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 2022. Factors experimental were included salinity stress at three ‎levels (no application of salinity as control, application of 60, 120 mM salinity) by NaCl, application of ‎plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at two levels (no seed inoculation as control and seed inoculation ‎with Azospirillium) and foliar application of nanoparticles at four levels (foliar application with water as ‎control, foliar application of 0.8 g.L-1 nano Zn oxide, foliar application 50 mg.L-1 nano silicon, combined ‎foliar application of 0.4 g.L-1 of nano zn oxide and 25 mg.L-1 of nano silicon). ‎ The results showed that application of Azospirlium and foliar application of nano zn-silicon ‎oxide under no salinity condition increased chlorophyll index (49.24%), relative water content (59.82%), ‎stomata conductivity (57.6%), maximum fluorescence (52.77%), variable fluorescence (136.09%), ‎quantum yield (54.24%) and grain yield (47.23%) in comparison with of no application of PGPR and ‎nanoparticles under salinity 120 mM. But electrical conductivity and minimum fluorescence (54.6 and ‎‎49.15% respectively) decreased in comparison with no application of PGPR and nanoparticles under the ‎same of salinity level.‎ The results of this study showed that application of Azospirlium and foliar application of ‎nano Zn-silcon oxide can increase the grain yield of triticale at salinity mM due to improving fluorescence ‎indices and some physiological traits such as stomata conductivity, chlorophyll index and relative water ‎content. Therefore, application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and nanoparticles (Zn and Si) can ‎be suggested as an effective method for moderate the effects of salinity stress.‎

Emotional and behavioral problems usually start in pre-primary school, and parent-centered meta-emotional training and family-centered play therapy are interventions that can be effective in this field. The purpose of the present study was to compare parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy on the disruptive behaviors of preschool children. This research was applied and its method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included preschool children in Tehran in 1400-1401, 45 of them were selected by a purposive sampling method and were divided into three equal experimental and control groups by a simple random method. The parents of the first experimental group underwent parent-centered meta-emotional education, and the parents of the second experimental group underwent family-centered play therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Rater's behavioral problems questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy had a significant effect on reducing children's behavioral problems in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.001). There were not significant difference between the effectiveness of the two groups (P>0.05). parent-centered meta-emotional education and family-centered play therapy can be used as an effective intervention in reducing children's behavioral problems.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. In Iran, breast cancer ranks first among cancers diagnosed in women comprising 24.4% of all malignancies. Currently, the large number of etiological factors and the complexity of breast cancer present challenge for prevention and treatment. Breast cancer tumorigenesis can be described as a multi-step process in which a normal cell undergoes malignant transformation to a fully developed tumor through accumulations of genetic and epigenetic changes. On the other hand, several studies indicated the signaling pathways role in Breast cancer. EGFR gene has been shown to be overexpressed in breast cancer. Dimerization of EGFR/HER2 induces breast cancer progression via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling cascade. MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. MicroRNAs pair with partially complementary sites in the 3′untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs, leading to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. In present study we applied bioinformatics data to predict miR-1226-3p as the regulator of PI3K/AKT pathway. Then significant down regulation of three target genes EGFR, PIK3R5 and AKT2 was observed post transfection of miR-1226-3p. To validate the effect of this down regulation on cells, expression of downstream genes PCNA, C-MYC and CCND1 was evaluated. Down regulation of these genes demonstrated that cell proliferation in this breast cancer cell line was inhibited and this miRNA could be considered as a tumor suppressor.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of parent-centered meta-emotional training on reducing aggression and disruptive behaviors of preschool children. The research was one  of  applied type and semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and  was2 months with control group. The statistical population of the study was preschool children in Tehran in the academic year of 1400-1401. 30 female children with disruptive and aggressive behaviors along with their parents were selected by random and targeted sampling. Parents were placed in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The parents of children in the 7-session experimental group underwent meta-emotional training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to collect data, the questionnaire of behavioral problems of parents' Rutter form and aggression scale of preschool children were used. The data were processed using analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results showed that parent-centered hyperemotional training had a significant effect on reducing children's aggression and disruptive behaviors (P<0.001). Therefore, parent-centered meta-emotional training is effective as an intervention in reducing children's aggression and disruptive behaviors.

One of the most important ways to prevent the spread of corruption and fraud, both at the macro and organizational levels, is whistleblowing. However, whistleblowing has not been never simple action, and whistleblowers are constantly facing pressure, threats, harassment, and even revenge. Therefore, they are required to receive effective and appropriate organizational and legal support.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:

Various studies have mentioned different incentives and barriers to whistleblowing. One of the key factors in encouraging employees to disclose violations is perceived organizational support. If employees feel that the organization supports their disclosure actions, this motivation will help them overcome other barriers and whistle. But the factor that has received less attention in this regard, especially in Iran, is the legal protections perceived by the employees. Due to the ignorance of employees about the legal consequences of whistling in Iran, probably one of the most important obstacles to whistleblowing is the lack of protection by law. Therefore, the current research deals with both organizational and legal support and examines their role in persuading employees to expose the organization's violations. Therefore, the current research examines the effect of perceived legal and organizational support on employees' whistleblowing intentions. The whistleblowing intentions comprised six types of offenses including theft, wasting organizational resources, mismanagement, safety issues, sexual harassment, discrimination, and deliberate violation of the law.

The current research is an applied study based on the survey method. The statistical population encompassed all the employees of private banks in Iran. Due to the uncertainty of the statistical population volume, according to Morgan's table, the online questionnaire was distributed among 384 employees of private banks. The questionnaire's reliability was approved using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, and its construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis.

The skewness and kurtosis values for all the variables were from +2 to -2, confirming their normality of distribution. Results for the correlation test indicated that organizational support and legal support were significantly correlated, but there was no significant correlation between whistle intention with legal and organizational support. Detailed results showed that the level of perceived legal and organizational support and whistleblowing intention was almost low. Structural equation modeling was conducted in Amos software to test the research hypotheses. Hypothesis testing indicated that organizational and legal support significantly affected whistle intention. Furthermore, research results indicated a significant difference in whistle intention for different types of violations.

CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS:

This study had a quantitative approach to employees' views on support and their willingness to whistle. Given the relative novelty of this issue, especially at the organizational level, it can certainly be useful and interesting to adopt a qualitative approach and discover deeper motivations of employees. The present study did examine the employees' behavioral intentions but not their actual behavior. Future studies are suggested to examine the actual whistleblowing behavior by adopting a comparative approach. In general, there is a lack of studies to explain the general position of organizational whistling in both the private and public sectors of the country, and there are no reliable statistics about whistling corruption by employees and the fate of whistleblowers.

The Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Effect Of Dispersion Of International Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance With Respect To The Mediating Role Of Marketing Plan Compliance And The Role Of Moderator Of Market Dynamics And International Marketing Coordination Of Mashhad Exporting Companies. The Statistical Population Of This Study Was The Managers And Experts Of Mashhad Exporting Companies, Whose Number Was About 135 People; According To Cochran's Formula, A Statistical Sample Of 100 People Is Considered. The Research Tool Was The Itzhak Standard Questionnaire (2019). For The Validity Of Abazar, Face Validity And Approval Of Experts And Professors Were Used And The Validity Of The Structure Was Confirmed Using Factor Loads. Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient Was Used And Confirmed For Reliability. Spss And Pls Software Were Used To Analyze The Data. The Results Showed That All Research Hypotheses Were Confirmed And The Dispersion Of Inter-Organizational Marketing Capabilities Affects The Compliance Of The Marketing Plan And Organizational Performance. Adaptation Of The Marketing Plan Can Also Mediate The Impact Of Inter-Organizational International Marketing Capabilities On Organizational Performance.

 Health Information Technology helps individuals prevent COVID-19. Many information technology applications have been developed to prevent Coronavirus infection globally; however, the quality level of these applications is uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Mask mobile application, which is designed to fight COVID-19.

 The Mask mobile application is evaluated in two phases in this study. In the first phase, five experts performed the evaluation by Jacob Nielsen's 10 general principles, and in the second phase, 124 participants evaluated the Mask mobile application. Data collection tools were the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire.

 Mask mobile application was poor in experts evaluating it in terms of error prevention, flexibility, and efficiency. In the user-based test method, the user score of this application was 89 out of 100, which was equal to an excellent ranking and grade A.

 The results have indicated that the usability of the Mask mobile application to prevent COVID-19 has been excellent. As a result of the study, mobile application developers might improve or modify their existing mobile health application designs to achieve optimal outcomes.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of plant hormones (IAA and BAP) and methyl jasmonate elicitor on callogenesis potential of Teucrium polium leaf explants and the content of some phenolic compounds (total phenols, o-diphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavones) and its antioxidant capacity. Leaf explants prepared from hydroponically-grown plants were cultured on MS medium with separate and combined concentrations of IAA (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) and BAP (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg L-1). The treatments with the highest percentage of callogenesis and fresh and dry weight were selected as the best hormonal conditions to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate (50, 100 and 200 μM) on phenolic derivatives. Eight weeks after callus growth, the content of various phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts (based on DPPH and FRAP assays) were measured. Although a higher percentage of callogenesis was observed in all hormonal treatments than the control, conditions "IAA0.1 + BAP1" and "IAA1 + BAP1.5" mg L-1 were with 100% callus induction. The highest fresh and dry weight of calli were in the combined treatments "IAA0.1 + BAP0.5", "IAA0.1 + BAP1", "IAA1 + BAP0.5" and "IAA1 + BAP1.5" mg L-1. The results of the second part of the experiment showed that the highest amount of phenolic compound and all its derivatives except o-diphenol was seen under the treatment of 50 μM methyl-jasmonate- in all hormonal treatments. A strong correlation was also observed between the antioxidant potentials DPPH (r2 = -0.735) and FRAP (r2 = 0.876) with the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, methyl jasmonate as a potent elicitor can increase the synthesis of phenolic derivatives and the antioxidant capacity in Teucrium callus. So this method would be an effective technique for the supply of medicinal-phenolic compounds.

The aim of this study was content analysis to examine the content of oral health messages present in the most viewed channels of telegrams as social network.

This  study was a descriptive anelytical one. The content of the most viewed health channels provided by the cyberspace organisation to the researchers. Our sample included oral health messages as texts, depicts, and videos during 4 weeks period in winter of 2018. Befor filtering  We conducted an inductive content analysis of a non random sample of 23000 messages, and coding was done by the MAXqda 2010 software.

Analysis of the oral health messages resulted in 21 subcategories and 5 main categories.
Including and health , oral disease, esthethic, nutrition and others. Among 23,000 commerical and health massage, 244 ones (1.06%) was correlated with dental and oral health. Freguency of data in decending order were related to esthetic, oral disease (etiology, prevention and treatment), oral health, nutrition and others. Between all massages, only one fifth was corresponded to scientific evidence.

It seems, related massages of dental and oral health in telegram social network was on percent and had little accordance to scientific evidence.

In this paper, the stability of a delayed Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) neural network consisting of two layers has been investigated. The approach includes linearization of the BAM neural network, obtaining the characteristic equation, analyzing the nature of its roots, and obtaining the condition for the systems' stability. The results show that the neural network is asymptotically stable when the eigenvalues have a negative real part. Next, the effect of delay in creating oscillation in the system was investigated, and the relevant parameter was obtained. Compared to the other published work in this area, an advantage of the proposed approach is its ability to identify the system's stability in a much more straightforward and less complicated method. Finally, a 2-layer neuron network simulation, with three neurons in each layer, using Simulink software (affiliated with MATLAB), is presented. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

Sugar beet is an industrial and strategic crop regarding sugar production in Iran, however, accurate information on its yield potential (Yp) and yield gap (Yg) is limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the yield potential of sugar beet using GYGA protocol according to the current conditions for the first time in Iran. Based on this protocol, agro-climatic zones (CZ), reference weather stations (RWs) and buffers within each meteorological station in each climatic zone as well as the type of soil texture in the buffer range were determined and yield potential, yield gap and production were evaluated using SSM-iCrop2 model. Finally, 28 weather stations were selected for sugar beet in 13 climatic zones which cover 92.7% of total sugar beet cultivation areas. The modeling results estimated the yield potential and yield gap to be 11.39 and 6.23 M t, respectively. Actual yield and the yield potential were 46.663 and 102.986 tha-1, respectively resulting in yield gap of 56.323 t ha-1 for sugar beet production in Iran with a relative yield (RY) of 45%. This indicates that current management practices produce only less than half of the performance potential.

Effect of prebiotic and extract of three medicinal plants: Chamomile, Oregano, and Marjoram on the performance, intestinal histomorphology, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production, by using 60 TETRA-SL brown-egg laying with 80-week-olds, in a completely randomizes design containing five treatments and four replicates with three birds in each experimental unit for eight weeks were investigated. Prebiotic was added at 0.5 g/kg of diet, and medicinal plant extracts in a ratio of 1:1000 were added to the drinking water of birds. Quantitative indicators at the end of each week and quality indexes at the last week of the experiment were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from one bird in each experimental unit, and the birds were slaughtered to study the intestinal bacterial population and histomorphology. The effect of experimental treatments on the quantity and quality of produced eggs was not significant (P<0.05). Blood cholesterol and yolk cholesterol were lower in the chamomile extract-receiving birds than in the other experimental groups (P<0.05). The population of E. coli and coliforms in the intestine of marjoram extract-receiving birds was lower than other treatments (P<0.05). Prebiotic treatment increased the villus height in the duodenum and ileum, and the marjoram extract increased the villus height in the ileum (P<0.05). According to the result, the use of chamomile extract can reduce the yolk cholesterol level, and the use of prebiotic and marjoram extract improves the microbial flora and intestinal histomorphology in laying hens.

A hospital website is an appropriate system for exchanging information and connecting patients, hospitals and medical staff. The purpose of this study was to identify and classify desirable web-based services in websites of Iranchr('39')s hospitals based on Kano’s Customer Satisfaction Model.

This was a survey study. The statistical population of the study consisted of hospital website users, of whom 120 were randomly selected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on Kano model. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the information science and health information technology(HIT) professors. Data were analyzed using Kano model evaluation table, Excel software, and descriptive statistics. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test was used to determine reliability(a=0.82).

First, the desirable web-based services of the hospitals’ websites were identified. Then, 67 identified services were classified into mandatory criteria(29 services), one-dimensional criteria(15 services), attractive criteria(14 services) and indifferent criteria(9 services). Most services were mandatory, attractive, one-dimensional and indifferent in content components.

Most services identified in this study were on the websites of the worldchr('39')s leading hospitals; HIT designers and professionals and hospital managers are expected to use such services in designing hospital websites. Although the comments of site designers and experts were practical in some cases, they attracted a limited number of users due to their unfamiliarity with specialized website design topics.

Smartphone applications play a pivotal role in management, providing care and preventing infectious diseases. It also has the potential impact on supportive and self-care. This study aimed to identify the requirements for a smartphones self-care system to prevent corona-virus (COVID-19).

This was a descriptive study performed in two main stages in 2020. At the first stage, to recognize the requirements for a smartphones self-care system, similar articles were searched and identified. In the second stage, the identified requirements were validated through a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample size of the study consisted of infectious diseases specialists of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency).

Requirements of the self-care system were identified in four areas: "demographic data, clinical requirements, self-care strategies, and technical characteristics". Also, according to the research community, 5 data elements for demographic data, 11 data elements for clinical requirements, 5 data elements for self-care strategies, and 11 data elements for technical characteristics were selected.

Applying the requirements and suggested strategies in the present study can improve self-care skills to prevent corona-virus, symptoms management, motivate and reduce stress, increase personal hygiene and communication with health care providers.