سعید صفری

Recently, the consumption of non-ferrous alloys has increased significantly in the automotive industry due to their desirable properties, but according to the working conditions of car engine, it is necessary to apply coating to protect the surfaces and extend the lifetime of the car engine compartments. In this study, firstly, electrolytic plasma oxidation (PEO) is coated on the surface of the aluminium hydraulic tappet which is always in contact with the camshaft lobes, and then the metallurgical properties of the coating formed on the substrate in silicate and aluminate electrolytes are investigated. The results of the phase studies indicate that during the coating process, phases such as α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 are created on the surface, moreover the plasma electrolytic oxidation coating resists against corrosion and wear strongly because of its favourable properties and quality. Compared to an uncoated sample, the corrosion rate and wear rate of coatings created in silicate and aluminate electrolytes decrease by 19 and 22 times, respectively, and by 6 and 9 times, respectively. Finally, the microscopic analysis reveals that the average diameter of the porosities in PEO coating formed in the silicate electrolyte is larger than that of coating generated aluminate electrolyte.

Studies has been shown that the replacement of % 30 rice straw with alfalfa hay had no adverse effect on lamb grow performance also it had been shown on the goat and cow performance. The use of rice straw decreases the ration prices also it reduces environmental pollution.The goal of this study was to indicate the effect of replacing rice straw with wheat straw on the fattening lamb performance, rumen fermentation, protozoa population and some blood parameters.

In this research, the effect of replacing rice straw with wheat straw on the fattening lamb feeding has been investigated. The 28 male lambs, with an average weight of 30kg, have been divided into four groups of eight animals. The sample lambs in four groups have different accesses to rice straw and wheat straw as follows: the control group has access to 70% concentrate with 30% wheat straw; the second group has access to 70% concentrate with 30% rice straw; the third group has access to 70% concentrate with 30% straw (including 15% rice straw and 15% wheat straw); and the fourth group has access to 70% concentrate and rice straw enriched with urea. The feedstuffs characteristics, weight gain, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters of lambs during the fatting season have been measured.

The results show that replacement of different levels of rice straw has no negative effect on the final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion coefficient, dry matter intake, and economic coefficient of fattening lambs; Besides, this replacement has led to a significant increase in ruminal gas (digestibility) in squirrel lambs. Dry matter percentage, raw fat, protein, and ration consumed NDF of squirrel lambs did not affect by replacement of different levels of rice straw. However, the addition of 30% of refined straw has led to a considerable reduction in digestibility of the raw protein ration of squirrel lambs. The overall protein of lambs’ blood who received the ration consisted of 30% rice straw, 15% rice straw+15% wheat straw, and 30% wheat straw was enhanced. However, no change was observed in blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose blood. The small intestinal histomorphometry parameters were improved by the addition of different levels of rice straw. The lambs receiving ration including 15% rice straw+15% wheat straw and 30% refined wheat straw, have higher Dasytricha, Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, and Ophrioscolecinae populations than the lambs receiving the control ration. Also, adding different levels of rice straw to lambs’ ration has led to a significant increase in total rumen Protozoa.

The overall results indicate that the rice straw can be utilized in fattening lambs’ ration without affecting the livestock.

In recent years, the automotive industry has expanded its usage of magnesium alloys because to their favorable metallurgical properties. It is, however, vital to coat the magnesium components like piston in the car engines because of their harsh working environment. In this study, beyond the introduction of novel plasma electrolytic oxidation coating for AZ31 Mg alloy, the metallurgical characteristics of coating generated in silicate and aluminate electrolytes are also examined. Phase studies revealed that along with the presence of MgF2 and MgO in both coating, Mg2SiO4 and MgAl2O4 were discovered in coatings created in silicate and aluminate electrolytes, respectively. The application of PEO resulted in a considerable drop in corrosion rate, such that the corrosion rate of the coating formed in silicate electrolyte is 2.24×10-6 A.cm-2 and that of the coating created in aluminate electrolyte is 9.5×10-7 A.cm-2, which are 30 and 68 times lower than the rate of uncoated samples, respectively. Additionally, as compared to the uncoated sample, the coating enhances the surface electrical resistance by 72 and 94 times. The microscopic analysis showed that the average diameter of porosities in PEO coating made by silicate electrolyte is higher than that of coating made by aluminate electrolyte

Researchers have focused on entrepreneurial intention and contextual and individual factors affecting it as a robust theoretical framework for explaining entrepreneurial behavior. This study investigated the effect of creativity, autonomy, and workload with the mediating role of attitude on the entrepreneurial intention of students in a coherent framework. This research is an applied study in terms of goal, a quantitative study in terms of approach, and a descriptive-correlational study in type. The statistical population included all humanities students at Shahed University out of whom 340 people were selected by the simple randomization technique. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) using the SmartPLS software package. The results showed that attitude and creativity had a significant and positive effect on students' intentions, but autonomy did not have a significant effect on the intention at the 95% confidence level. The workload had a significant and negative effect on intention and attitude. The mediating role of attitude was also confirmed. The findings provided evidence for the importance of creativity and autonomy in the formation of entrepreneurial intention among students. It was argued that attitude could act as a mechanism to transform creativity and autonomy into the intention. Therefore, it is suggested to the policymakers in the education systems to create a supportive environment and appropriate training to overcome the challenges of entrepreneurship and seek to create a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship in creative students.

Studies related to innovation in tourism, even in developed countries, have received more attention in the last three years and the development of innovation models in this field has been less attention. Therefore, paying attention to tourism and innovation in this field, which is one of Iran's potential for increasing national income, is very important and necessary. The purpose of this research is to develop an innovation model in the tourism industry. The statistical population of the research was 130 managers of the tourism active companies and startups in Tabriz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of method. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size estimated 97. By studying the research literature and background, the effective factors on innovation in tourism were identified and then with the opinion of industry and university experts (expert panel), the conceptual model of the research was designed. The data collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, as a research tool, was analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling by partial least squares method. The findings showed that the factors of human capital, participation, financing and information technology (IT) have a significant effect on innovation in tourism. Also, two moderating variables of company size and industry macro environment had a positive and negative effect on the relationship between these factors and innovation in tourism

 In addition to having high costs, making changes to any of the wards in medical centers requires legal coordination and accepting many risks to prevent a decline in quantity and quality of health care provision. The present study was performed with the aim of evaluating optimization of service provision in the emergency department (ED) using value flow mapping and simulation.

 In the present qualitative study, initially, the processes in the ED of Shohadaye Tajrish hospital were drawn and a graphic model was built for simulating the processes. To perform simulation, in addition to the sequence of activities, the time required for each activity, waiting time, present resources, and etc. were extracted as the inputs of the simulation model. Then, after determining the mean time frames obtained, intended scenarios of the emergency team were executed on the simulated model so that the best scenario can be determined by comparing the outputs of each scenario.

 Based on the patient flow map, the patient’s journey in the ED begins from the first visit and continues until discharge. Stages such as asking for consultations or visits by other services, laboratory test requests, imaging requests, and asking for medications are passed during this time. Results of analyzing the flow of 60 patients showed that in this department, the mean time interval between first visit to first laboratory test was 58.5 minutes, mean interval between requesting the first laboratory test and its implementation was 28.4 minutes, mean interval between the first visit and computed tomography (CT) scan request was 45.8 minutes, mean interval between CT scan request and its performance was 16.3 minutes, mean interval between the first visit to asking for medication was 46.2 minutes, and, finally, mean interval between the first visit to discharge was 275 minutes (4 hours 35 minutes). The overall ED flow might be optimized through: having one senior nurse and physician for all patients in a supervision unit; having an information systems that makes observation of capacity and flow in the ED and all the hospital possible; having patient sites that are observable from central positions, while preserving privacy; easy access to acute care unit, radiology, and other acute care spaces; easy access to clinical history of patients from other hospitals and primary care.

 It seems that solutions for improving health care provision for patients and increasing patient safety can be reached through drawing patient flow map in the ED and using smart modeling.

Sharing capacity among the manufacturing companies, which are not competitors at the same level, can increase their profit and sustainability. This study aims to propose a model for identifying and determining the horizontal collaborative clusters in industrial holdings. 

 To achieve the mentioned clusters in the pharmaceutical industry, first, the affecting criteria were determined based on the literature review, and according to the opinions of managers, supervisors and pharmaceutical holding experts. Then, the related dimensions of each sub-criteria were specified and the common products of the companies were grouped into eight clusters. In this step, each drug was assigned to a cluster of which, the characteristic vector had the shortest distance from it. In the following steps, the obtained clusters were assigned to the companies. For this purpose, the similarity of clusters and companies were measured and each cluster was assigned to the most similar company. Finally, the quality of clustering was measured using cosine similarity, by calculating the distance between the company's products in pairs. The average value of such distances was assumed as the representative value of the product distance in the clusters. 

Pharmaceutical products were categorized into eight clusters, and each one was assigned to a company. Also, the components’ cosine distance inside each cluster was compared, before and after the clustering. The results indicated that the mean distance of products decreased after clustering. Since the similarity of the products in each cluster was increased, it seems that the clustering was sufficiently qualified. 

 One of the main limitations of this study was the lack of a consistent standard in the information provision of companies. Another limitation was the lack of transparent information provided by companies and the time required to collect data. Also, there was a lack of related studies on how to implement such a method. The lack of cooperation of some experts in completing the questionnaire brought other difficulties and led to a longer-lasting research time. As a future study opportunity, it is suggested to perform a feasibility study on the horizontal collaboration in industrial holdings according to different variables such as holding size (small, medium, large), type of industry (manufacturing and commercial), type of sector (private and public) and legal status (Individual ownership, partnership), market demand and market size. Such study results in determining the extent to which, horizontal cooperation can bring synergy in different situations. 

Horizontal collaboration is an effective tool for business management to improve the competitiveness of the organization. It also fills the gap between the company's existing resources and future requirements. It also increases the competitiveness of organizations by providing external resources to them through creating synergy, promoting learning, and rapid change. Social implications: Holdings create synergies by establishing cooperation between their subsidiaries. The result will be higher production quality and more cost-effectiveness, which will lead to customer satisfaction.  

There are a variety of ways for determining a business partner, including game theory and clustering. While in several studies, cooperation among several factories through game theory negotiations has led to relative efficiency, decisions have been made based on a short-term perspective. Therefore, such cooperation may be unstable. The desired time horizon is long-term in clustering. Hence, the designated partners can consistently continue their cooperation in the long run.

Workplace safety and protecting human resources and other resources is an important concern in the industry. Workplace accidents leads to damages to employeesand affect business operations for a variety of reasons, including absenteeism, loss of productivity, and increased production costs.One of the most dangerous industries in the world is the electric power industry, and electric power has been identified as the fifth factor in terms of work accidents.The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the factors affecting safety in power distribution companies and determine the relationship between them.

Based on previous studies, 14 indicators affecting safety were identified in three dimensions: organizational, technical and human. Using the questionnaire, the rational relationship between the indicators is quantified and then by combining DEMATEL and ISM, the influencing degree, influenced degree, centrality and causality between the indicators calculated. In order to systematically analyze the relationship between the indicators, a hierarchical model was drawn using ISM method; and based on the power of influence and dependence of indicators, MICMAC diagram was drawn. According to the resultant model, relationship between indicators were analyzed systematically.

Top management commitment and safety standards, rules and regulations indicators have the most power to influence other indicators and have a causal role; risk identification and control, contractor and supplier management, incident analysis, safety audit, Personal protective equipment, control and supervision, health and first aid, emergency response, safety training, communication, understanding the needs and expectations of employees and other stakeholders, and developing a safety culture are effective indicators.

This paper in addition to introduction of theoretical basisfor safety influencing indicators in power distribution companies and investigating their relationships, has proposed practical suggestions to prevent accidents and improve safety in power distribution companies.

Achieving competitive advantage in insurance industry requires innovation and entrepreneurship. Opportunity identification is the essence and starting point of entrepreneurship. Opportunity evaluation is an essential element in the entrepreneurial process that facilitates the relationship between discovery and exploitation. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the criteria for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in the insurance industry.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of methodology. First, the criteria for evaluating the opportunity extracted from the research literature and were screened by experts using a researcher-made questionnaire and was analyzed by mean test via SPSS software. Then, the weight of the criteria was determined using the best-worst questionnaire via Lingo software. The first statistical population to identify and determine the criteria for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities was 31 people from university professors and insurance industry experts. The second statistical population to determine the weight of the criteria set out in the previous step, was 8 managers of Parsian insurance company. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was assessed by university professors and industry experts. The reliability of the first questionnaire was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.841 and the second questionnaire with an incompatibility rate of 0.0274.

The most important criteria for evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in the insurance industry are project resources, amount of resource investment, market needs, profit margin, level of competition, desirability and attractiveness of the opportunity, other potential opportunities and few barriers for entry.

Insurance companies can make the right decisions about how to take advantage of opportunities by emphasizing the criteria identified in this study, in order to gain a competitive advantage which leads to the growth and development of the country's economy.

The growing prevalence of the new corona virus covid -19 has challenged the public healthof the world and has led to a morbid fear of contracting it in different people. Damage to various organsof the body and organ damage due to infection with this virus have been reported in various studies.This study aimed to investigate the frequency of multi-organ injury in definitive patients with covid-19 hospitalized in teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Adescriptive cross-sectional study on 600 patients with Covid-19 based on RT_PCR diagnostic test andfindings of CT scan of lungs of patients referred to Shohada-e-Tajrish and Imam Hossein hospitalsby Easy and accessible sample method. Data were collected by using a researcher-made checklist. Toanalyze the data, SPSS 26 software and descriptive-comparative statistical methods, Chi-square andindependent T were used.

The results showed that out of 600 patients participating in this study,58.5% were male and 41.5% were female with a mean age of 60.26±17.78 years. 24.2% of patients havemulti-organ injury. There was no statistically significant relationship between gender and multi-organinjuries, while there was a statistically significant relationship between mean age, pathological findingsof lung, intubation or non-intubation of patients and past medical history of patient with multi-organinjuries.

Multi-organ injuries are relatively common in patients with Covid-19 and areassociated with age, past medical hisory, pathological findings in the lung and the degree of pulmonaryinvolvement. Most organs involved in multi-organ injury include the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys andcoagulation system

Todays, almost all large companies and organizations have recognized the importance of the processes improvement and had experience in this field or started its application. Due to the fact that, the aim of this research is providing a framework for improving the processes. This research is practical in terms of purpose and is descriptive-exploratory in terms of method. In this researchthe intended processes have been investigated via interview, and mapped by using the standard language of models and symbols of the business process (BPMN.2) and Visual software paradigm. In the next stage, after extracting the existing problems, they were drawn up in the form of cause and effect diagram through interviewing with managers and experts.. Then, the solutions were extracted through the open questionnaire. The solutions were completed in a few steps using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the design of the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Quality house Table were developed. The weight of the problems and solutions was obtained by the completion of the questionnaire by the company's experts. Finally, the processes were analyzed by extracting the evaluation indicators and improve suggestions have been proposed.

Commercialization of science and technology is one of the most important indexes of innovation in science and technology that can answer this important question: which organizations and countries could change ideas and knowledge into product and wealth, and which factors were effective in this process? This research aimed to identify the commercialization state of academic research studies and their drivers and barriers at Shahed University.

To meet this purpose, a six-step study was carried out. Based on the literature review, the market analysis approach was selected as the appropriate approach to evaluate the commercial potential of academic research studies. About 214 completed research projects in University were evaluated, as well.

As a result, 70 percent of projects were confirmed to have commercial potential. Based on previous studies, 120 parameters were identified and after refinement, 51 parameters were finalized and grouped into 13 main factors and categorized into three dimensions, namely, individual, organizational, and institutional factors. The result of the expert survey confirmed that the identified factors were reliable. Using the DEMATEL technique to investigate the relationship between the main factors and three dimensions resulted in the prioritization of the most influential factors on the commercialization of academic research as managerial attitude, planning and policymaking, facilitation and support, cultural background, system factors, organizational structure, procurement, and mobilization. In terms of effect factors, priorities included knowledge and awareness, empowerment and skill, creativity and innovation, risk-taking and trust. In the next step, using ANP to prioritize influential factors on commercialization, it was concluded that planning and policymaking, organizational support, managerial attitude, cultural background, facilitation and support, organizational systems, and other factors ranked respectively. In the final step, based on the viewpoint of academic researchers, the state of each identified factor was investigated. Conclustion: The research finding revealed that the lack of each of 13 factors (except risk-taking) can play the role of the barrier for commercialization of academic research results, and the existence of each factor can be a driver for success in the commercialization of research results

This paper investigates the effect of three personality traits, including risk taking (RTP), locus of control (LoC), and proactive personality (PP), on students' entrepreneurial intention, given the mediating role of planned behavior model (TPB). It is also the purpose of this study to examine the difference between the first group, having entrepreneurship education or previous experience (themselves or their parents), and the second group not having these characteristics. This research is a quantitative and a correlation- descriptive study. Data were collected using a questionnaire and classified random sampling. Statistical population is all students of Shahed University. In this study, Structural Equation Modeling and Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) were used in a sample of 443 individuals. The results confirmed the validity of the TPB model in predicting students' entrepreneurial intention. RTP and LoC had a direct and positive effect on entrepreneurial intention but PP did not have a significant direct effect on entrepreneurial intention. In examining the mediating effect, it was found that all three components of the TPB mediate the relationship between personality traits and intention, either partially or competitively or fully. The two groups of students also had significant differences in some relationships

Regarding the important role of educational institutions in educating proper human resources for society, strategic planning is necessary to perform strategies that meet the goals of these institutions. Drawing a strategy plan, using a balanced scorecard approach is a step towards the implementation of the strategies. The strategy map, through identifying the cause and effect relationship between the strategic goals, creates value and provides a great illustration of the strategies supported by the measurable goals. This research was conducted to design a strategy map and performance measurement indicators for nonprofit educational institutions. A logical mechanism is also used to indicate causal relationships between strategic goals. For this purpose, after extraction of strategic goals, by the literature and the research background, the indicator of the measurement of performance was commensurate with the objectives. Judging by the experts through the questionnaire, performance indicators with the highest score were classified according to strategic goals. These indicators were based on the dimensions of the balanced scorecard approach. In order to design a strategy map, By extracting 11 strategic objectives and selection of 27 Performance Measurement Indicators also matches the goals which are determined by the experts. The determination of the cause and effect relationships between the goals has been done using the Dematel technique. The results of the research has been extended in many educational institutions.

Due to repeat emergency patients, the high quality obstetrics and gynecology triage is essential in the obstetrics and gynecology department. Given the importance of improving the healthcare quality, clarifying the aspects and features of the concept of obstetric triage quality would be helpful for determining criteria and standardization of obstetric triage quality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain the quality index of obstetric triage.

Methods & Materials: 

This qualitative study was conducted using a directed content analysis method on 15 participants. Participants included obstetric triage service providers and key specialists in obstetric triage. The data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using the MAXQDA software version 10.

At this stage of the study, conducted with in-depth, semi-structured interviews, 824 initial codes and 97 merged codes were extracted. The quality of obstetric triage was explained by three main themes, including process quality, structure quality and outcome. The concept of process quality included 35 codes in two sub-categories: actions and care, interactions and communications. Structure quality included 51 codes in five sub-categories: routine and process of triage, pattern and standard, equipment, physical space, and manpower. Outcome included eleven codes in five sub-categories: waiting time, satisfaction, physical implication, psychological implication, and cost.

The index of obstetric triage quality is influenced by the quality of the process (actions and care, communications), the quality of the structure (routine and process of triage, pattern and standard, equipment, physical space, manpower), and outcome (waiting time, satisfaction, physical implication, psychological implication and cost).

In this study we examined biology of booh that eat leaft of elm with termed Xanthogaleruca lateola coleoptera, chrgsome lidae and also we studied method of control of that. It is perform in garmsar town ship. For this purpose carry out necessary sampling of several ages in period of this growth. Within condition of laboratory collected/ eaf branch possess category egg and piece. During test nursery dampen leaf is secure of spray of wateron them and put egg in anvcobator with temperature 24+2 and dampen 60+ and during period of light 15 hour, we examine state during period of germinal carry out and size depended to medicine in cludde length of medicine and width of capsule egg and etc. according to the result, width of capsule egy end etc. according to the result, winter sample and pass 15 day after farvardin(first month of the persion solar year) with temperature almost 17 thermometer centigrade appearance and begin lay and produce medicine. Then to end of sharivar(6 th month of the Persian solar year) leave 3 whole bungle. Egg observed form of category 4-1 row and in each row eggs was 1-40 between row. During period was 8 days. This pest had 3 ages on during period last almost 27/2 days Pre prers. Chrusalis and chrysalis state depending on breed of bungle that last 9-11/3 days and time of exist of mature insect last between 25-27/2 days. More of loss was depend to period of medicine this was 1-2 days. But mechanic and biology control method and at least chemical method was using lack zolon and tiodan that yet common control method for this pest.

In order to study the effect of foliar application of iron nanochelate, potassium nano-chelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate on Alstromeria flower, a completely randomized design with 13 treatments, 3 replicates and each replicate containing 5 plants and a total of 195 pots was conducted. Treatments included iron nano-chelate, potassium nano-chelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate each with three levels of 10, 20, 40 mg/L and pot without spraying as control. Foliar application was carried out three Times in ten day in same base. Quantitative and qualitative traits of the plant such as fresh and dry weight of flower, anthocyanin of petals, total leaf chlorophyll, iron, potassium, zinc and calcium content of leaves and longevity of flower per plant, one week after the last foliar application that is, when one or two flower were opened on the cluster, was evaluated. The results showed that the treatment of iron nano-chelate 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on the evaluation of traits such as fresh and dry weight of flower, anthocyanin of petals, total chlorophyll of leaves, iron content of leaf and longevity of flower on plant, and treatment with calcium nano-chealte 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on the improvement of calcium content leaf and potassium nanochelate 40 mg/L had the greatest effect on potassium content of leaf and zinc nano-chelate at 40 mg/L improve the attribute on zinc content of leaf. Also, Nano Ch Ca 40ppm treatment with 15.9 days was highest and control treatment with 9.2 days had the lowest flower longevity per plant. The results showed that the most of traits were statistically significant at 1% level and anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaves at 5% level. Therefore, according to the results of this study, it can be stated that pretreatment of iron nano-chelate, potassium nanochelate, zinc nano-chelate and calcium nano-chelate improved morphological, physiological, enzyme and longevity of flowers on the plant in Alstroemeria spp . cv. Fuji. 

The importance of the correct selection of advanced technology projects, the importance of sustainable development in the strategic plans of the implementing organizations of such projects, the impressive impact of this technology in all aspects, and the improvement of the quality of human life and the high uncertainty in the environment of such projects, the reason is for addressing this research.

By reviewing the literature and research background, prioritizing high technology projects based on human capital criteria, innovation, project business achievement, economic returns, national influence levels and competitive advantage, quality, demand level, reliability and strategic plans, and project costs Was considered.After reviewing the models and prioritization methods and choosing the type of projects, the preferred structure of output-to-scale output efficiency model was selected in the data envelopment analysis approach as the most comprehensive model in this field. By using the fuzzy hierarchy process analysis, the most important criteria were weighted and ranked.

As a result of the implementation of the preferred cost-benefit model of output to output-oriented output scale, among the 30 projects of the Nanotechnology Development Specialized Headquarters, 46.67% of the projects have been identified as the most priority projects and suitable for investment.

Projects 19, 28, and 7 were the first to third priorities respectively. The projects in the final priorities can according to the template of the specified reference set, become the first priorities for implementation.

The purpose of this research is to achieve an innovative business model by integrating management paradigms such as lean, agility, resilience and green. For this purpose, important components were identified and refined and rated. Then, using their integration into the business model, the proposed values for the business model were finalized. This research was based on applied purpose and data collection was done by Likert-type Likert Scale (SCI) questionnaire by professors and academic experts and business model questionnaires by industry experts and clients.The sample consists of 24 faculty members and academic experts and industry experts and 384 clients of the organization. The results of this study are to identify and finalize the components of LARG, combining them with the values of the Osterwalder model and achieving the proposed values. The ultimate value proposition was pasted in the Osterwalder's Canvas and The new and innovative business model was designed with the LARG approach.

For study the effect of ethanol and methanol on post harvest quality and vase life of carnation cut flowers( Di a n t h u s c a r y o p h yll u s ), experiment into a completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 3 replicates and each replication with 5 branches of flowers and a total of 120 branches of cluster were done. Treatments included ethanol and methanol with 3 levels 2, 4 and 6 % with, 3% sucros done. 3% sucros and distilled water as control. The evaluated traits included relative fersh weight, dry weight, solution uptake, cell membrane stability index, anthocyanin of petals, total chlorophyll of leaf and vase life of cut flowers. The results showed that the treatment with ethanol 4% with 3% sucrose had the most effect on the evaluation of traits such as relative fresh weight, dry weight, solution uptake, stability index of cell membrane and vase life of cut flowers and treatment with methanol 4% with 3% sucrose had the greatest effect on the improvement of traits such as anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaf. The highest vase life was 9.7 days in ethanol 4% with 3% sucrose and lowest in 5.2 days in control treatment. The statistical results showed that the majority of traits had significant difference at 1% level and anthocyanin of petals and total chlorophyll of leaf had significant difference at 5% level. Also, the correlation between all traits was statistically significant at 1% and 5%, respectively. Therefore be argued that post-harvest application of ethanol and methanol improved the vase life and morphological and physiological characteristics of carnation cut flowers compared to control and sucrose treatment.

Today, the status of HIV/AIDS in Iran has transitioned from being covert to a centralized epidemic. It appears that the growth in HIV epidemic has been influenced by social changes that have occurred in Iran during recent years. As a social construct, or more particularly, a social stigma, HIV targets the individuals’ social status to various extents. Accordingly, a the question that arises is that considering the acute physical, spiritual, and social issues created by HIV in Iran, how, under what circumstances, and with what extent of knowledge do people engage in risky behaviors that potentially result in HIV transmission? The present study seeks to provide answers to these questions by studying the lived experiences of infected patients. In this study, the anomie theory put forth by Durkheim, Sutherland’s differential association, and Collins’ gender stratification were used as the theoretical frameworks. Risky behaviors were considered a result of the fading authority of sexual norms, learned behaviors, and gender discrimination according to theories put forth by Durkheim, Sutherland and Collins, respectively. Given the purpose of the study, i.e. extracting a theory with regards to social contexts of HIV infection, the grounded theory was used. In this approach, theories and data are directly extracted from the set of arranged collected data. According to Glaser, data should be used in theory, meaning that researchers should personally be involved in the data collection process. Similar to other qualitative approaches, data for grounded theory can be collected from a variety of sources. Data collection process entails interviews as well as observations. Data are collected until theoretical saturation is achieved. The foundation of analysis procedure is based on coding; in grounded theory, there are three basic types of coding including open, axial, and selective. Open coding is an interpretive process through which data are analytically broken into smaller units. The purpose of this is to provide new insights for the researcher by breaking data into smaller units and interpreting phenomena reflected from data. Selective coding is a procedure in which the entire classifications are unified around a “core category” while categories that require more explanations are placed under the title “further explanation”. This type of coding can be carried out at later stages (Corbin & Strauss, 1990). At the first stage, given the exclusivity, sensitivity, and difficulty of access to participants, purposive sampling was employed. Then, theoretical sampling was used in order to create the theory. Theoretical saturation was achieved at interview number 17, though the coding process was continued until interview number 19 so as to make sure there are no other new categories. In this study, 9 women and 10 men admitted to the behavioral healthcare center in Mashhad were examined. Information and data were collected through conducting open and in-depth interviews. Following the analysis of the findings, as set of categories were identified which included Abnormal character development during adolescence as the contextual condition, familial disorganization as the causal condition, low health literacy level as the meddling condition, deterministic interactions encouraging individuals to engage in behaviors which might cause infection, lifestyle prone to infection, and environmental conditions and interactions prone to unconventional behaviors during adulthood as interactions, and passive infection, infection with low degree of freedom, and active infection as consequences. According to the description of causal, procedural, and consequential categories, HIV as a disease caused by familial disorganization coupled with health-related negligence as the core category covers the entire mentioned topics. Ultimately, considering the individual’s degree of freedom in engaging in risky behaviors, the behaviors leading to HIV infection follows three basic patterns including passive infection, infection with low degree of freedom, and active infection, each under the influence of various interactions.Passive infection in which the individual is of minimum authority in the occurrence of a risky behavior originates from severe poverty and traumatic life experiences which significantly restrain the individual’s power of decision-making with respect to controlling their risky behaviors, rendering them prone to infection. Active infection is, to a high extent, influenced by environmental conditions and the individual’s delinquent interactions during adolescence; to satisfy their sense of pleasure, the individual becomes involved in risky behaviors with high potentials of infection such as having numerous sexual relations and drug abuse. Infection with low degree of freedom is caused by interactions which can be regarded as a lifestyle prone to infection. An individual suffering from addiction or one under the influence of undesirable living conditions who has chosen a spouse with a drug injection background has a moderate authority in controlling their behaviors in line with HIV prevention.