فهرست مطالب سعید ضرغامی

The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges of citizenship education based on the perception of Afghan immigrant students, with the aim of describing and interpreting the lived experiences of the components of citizenship education. The research method included the community of parents and students in the primary level of the 4th district of Alborz province, including 6 immigrant girls and 10 immigrant boys. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that has been continued until data saturation and analyzed using the Strabert and Carpenter method. After analyzing the data and removing the common codes, a conceptual code that expressed the experiences of the participants was extracted and categorized into 10 main themes. The findings of the present research indicate that the responses of the interviewees can be classified in the areas of environmental protection, based on the analysis of the interviews, indicating the themes of environmental protection, rights and duties of citizenship, empathy, responsibility, respect for the rights of others, cooperation, discrimination, the spirit of seeking justice, criticizing and accepting criticism, and establishing communication are the themes. The themes of discrimination, empathy, cooperation, communication are the themes that the interviewees had the most challenges regarding the quality and quantity of it, according to the experience in education in Iran, is significant based on the analysis of the above themes, gender bias in favor of men and the marginal role of women is one of the distinct distinctions of the interviewees.

In the field of regional synergistic development, synergy is defined as the cooperation, interaction, and benefit of subsystems from the benefits of interactions. Synergy is achieved through collaboration and complementarity and requires a high level of interaction to create the necessary network correlations to compensate for interdependence. Hence, regional synergy refers to regional cooperation, close communication, and continuity of interaction. Therefore, it can be said that regional amplification is the interaction between regions and a combination of cooperation and competition between regions, which aims to achieve an optimal system in which the effects of two or more structures or functions of a partner and each other. Consistently more than the sum of the effects of individual components and functions alone, various studies have explored the concept of synergy in the development of multicenter regions, ecosystems and energy, social theories, national and regional innovation systems, and economies of scale. Urban accumulation, regional growth, business development, have been used. But what has not been evaluated is the application of this concept in the field of economic development, especially in metropolitan areas of developing countries, which are still involved in imbalance, lack of integration, functional coherence and unbalanced distribution of activities. The metropolitan area of ​​Tehran is no exception to this rule. Due to the significant concentration of manpower, resources and economic enterprises, this region is known as the beating heart of the country, which can play the role of a locomotive and railroad for national development.

The research method is quantitative. The research index has been determined according to the theoretical foundations and research background. To conduct the research, about twelve thousand companies were located in the metropolitan area of Tehran based on 28 active ISIC codes. Then, the flow of goods between the cities of the region was collected and analyzed based on the information of the Road Authority using network analysis. In order to analyze the internal relations of firms, based on the output data table, the two-region method was prepared and the relations between manufacturing firms were evaluated.

The study of industry specialization shows that the activities of radio, television and communication devices, energy production, computer and engineering activities, tobacco products and mining have the highest level of specialization over a period of twenty years. On the other hand, the study of the degree of specialization of activities shows that the coefficient of specialization of activities has decreased. This means that the cities of the province have a tendency towards similarity in industrial activities, which creates the ground for increasing synergy. A study of the spatial distribution of industries in 1975 shows that food and beverage products, other non-metallic mineral products, fabric metal products, rubber and plastic products have the most homogeneous spatial distribution in the metropolitan area, respectively. In 1995, the spatial distribution of industries tended to be more balanced, and thirteen disciplines of industrial activity tended to be more balanced in the region. Fabric metal products, construction of machinery and equipment, rubber and plastic products, food and beverages have the highest spatial balance between industries in the metropolitan area. Spatial analysis of industrial enterprises shows that the industrial enterprises of the province, affected by the factor of access and mobility of production factors, tend to disperse. In other words, the expansion of industries corresponding to the expansion of the communication network has taken place, and the returns caused by the scale in the cities of Rey, Karaj, Savojbolagh, Pakdasht, next to Tehran, have attracted economic enterprises to these cities. In terms of spatial concentration of employment, in 1996, the city of Tehran had 84% of the employment of industrial enterprises, which after two decades, this amount has decreased and reached 45.42%. In contrast, the share of other cities in the metropolitan area of ​​Rey (9/22), Karaj (8/04), Pakdasht (6/86) and Savojbolagh (6/27) has increased. The study of the degree of clustering of economic activities in the metropolitan area shows that food and beverage products, other non-metallic mineral products, construction of machinery and equipment, machinery and electrical appliances, metal fabric products, manufacturing Chemical materials and products, rubber and plastic products, medical tools, optics, textiles, have the highest rate of spatial clustering among the industrial enterprises of the province, respectively. The study of employment of industrial enterprises shows that ten fields of industrial activity constitute about 80% of employment and 78% of the number of industrial workshops in the province.

The results show that the metropolitan area of ​​Tehran has various economic and spatial capabilities to achieve economic development. Examination of indicators such as specialization, centralism, accumulation, diversity and clustering as a result of synergy shows that if the desired policies in this area of ​​the metropolitan area, the ability It plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the national economy. The study of the place specialization index shows that Tehran is still known as the most specialized city in the metropolitan area. However, over time, other cities have also increased in terms of specialization. The distribution of manufacturing enterprises in the region, according to Moran statistics, shows that after two decades, the spatial distribution of enterprises tends to become clustered. In addition, the spatial distribution of enterprises has been in line with the trend of expanding the communication axes of metropolitan areas. In examining the space accumulation index, which analyzes the situation of the whole industry with respect to continuous space, they tend to be one-sided.

The purpose of this research is to explain the conceptual model of sexual education in virtual space based on philosophy curriculum for children. The method of this research to achieve the first goal is "content analysis" and to achieve the second goal is "deductive method of the type of practical analogy". The analytical community included all the documents, sources and databases related to the research topic, which were identified and then studied and analyzed in a targeted and deep way. The findings indicate that some of the most important factors affecting sex education in the virtual space based on philosophy for children are related to four cognitive, physical, social and emotional dimensions including: Meaning and acquisition of knowledge, reflection; practice in acquiring skills through practical training and collaborative activity, conscious behavior in the face of actions and natural changes of the body, situational awareness and commitment; use of individual and interpersonal skills in information exchange, society and democratic citizen. chastity and piety, the integrity of thoughts and actions) in the virtual space, which is a framework for the model of sex education in the virtual space based on philosophy for children, which can be achieved in the form of the goals of principles and educational methods. This model related to its final and intermediate goals is based on 5 principles: (cyber sexual intelligence, cyber sexual knowledge, understanding of technological sexual relations and sexual restraint, sexual responsibility and sexual ethics in cyberspace based on philosophy for children). The method of this model is the virtual community of inquiry.

Data envelopment analysis method is one of the most widely used methods to performance evaluation of banks. According to extensive studies in the field of bank performance evaluation, various data envelopment analysis models such as basic CCR, BCC models, multi-stage and network models have been presented. According to the models and developments, have been used various and numerous variables. In this research, first, the types of variables in the bank’s evaluation were identified and categorized. On the other hand, the presence of many variables for evaluation in the context of data envelopment analysis would violate the general rule that confirmed relation between decision maker units and evaluation variables. Therefore, an a priori approach was used to reduce the variable before implementing the data envelopment analysis model. The approach was used based on structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis, which was analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. Elementary analyze result show that model fit indices not confirmed and some of variables non- significance at 90% confidence level and have low factor loading. Therefore, Due to the non-significance of a number of variables, the variable was adjusted. The results of the modified model analysis confirmed it. Using this approach, extracted the effective and key inputs and outputs that capable to make distinguish between banks performance. Finally, model variable reduced from 22 to 8. As a result, this approach can be applied for identification key variables from variable lake in the banks evaluation and other evaluation system with many indicators.

Transforming the educational environment into a learning environment through combining education with new technologies and changing the role of educational components has been considered by educational thinkers. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to identify the poles of conflict in direct education and to provide strategies for empowering the disadvantaged poles. To achieve this goal, the six staged deconstruction method was used. The findings showed that there are changes in different dimensions of the direct education approach, including: 1- Changing the role of the teacher from a commanding mode and transferring knowledge to a facilitating mode of learning 2- Changing the role of the student from being passive and neglected in the learning cycle, to the active and responsible element in education 3- Changing the teacher-centered teaching method to a student-centered method such as project-based, exploratory, laboratory. 4. Changing the educational content from the monologue mode of the fixed book to the dialog mode and situations based on using the experiences of students, electronic content produced by both sides of the learning flow (teacher and student), social networks and internet sites 5- Changing the educational and physical environment of the classroom from its traditional state to a happy environment with maximum participation of learners in learning process, 5- changing the evaluation from the paper-pencil mode to a combination of different methods such as  using electronic and self-assessment methods. These changes indicate a change in the perspective in this regard that the necessary trend to change the education and the emergence of the flipped classroom approach has been provided. Using the features of the flipped classroom, we achieve a new concept of learning to meet the needs of the learners of the digital age.

Considering increasing importance of institutional management, so far no suitable tool has been presented for assessing the institutional nature of the organization by considering all the criteria and internal and external dependencies of the organization. . In addition to having a high value dimension, the institutional organization maintains its adaptability and flexibility in all situations and is constantly growing and excelling. In the most real world problems, there are different types of interdependencies between the elements in the problem, including interdependencies between decision criteria. Utilizing the gray theory, qualitative and uncertain information of experts is also included in this research. In this paper, the magnitude of organizational institutionalism is evaluated according to the related criteria and based on gray theory and Mackenzie's theory. This method is implemented in a real-case study. The organization under study is almost in a good position compared to the desired institutional status and is approximately 30% away from the desired institutional status.

Analysis of the spatial structure to recognize the potentials of the metropolitan region, to create competitive regions and more importantly, recognition of hidden or improperly used resources of regions, for economic development and to take advantage of the cooperative advantages of cities to develop economic synergy is crucial. Tehran metropolitan region, like other developing metropolitan regions, faces distinctive challenges such as imbalance, lack of integration, functional cohesion and an unbalanced distribution of the system of activity and housing. But the policy-making process in the field of regional development is affected by economic conditions (rent) and regardless of the space economy in the context of development policies and programs, it has caused this region, despite all the many potentials, to not have a desirable performance in comparison with these potentials. The concentration of economic resources and forces for the metropolitan region, along with economic benefits, has had diverse consequences of environmental (environmental pollution), social and economic (slum, increased housing and household living costs, class conflict and increased Gini coefficient) which we see its spatial reflection in the formation of rent, information and economic rent spaces in the context of the location of economic activities. On the other hand, the lack of attention to the potentials of economic synergy has caused Tehran to become a place with a high concentration of industries and the role of economic factors in the formation of a dynamic place for production becomes less important. However, the high concentration of enterprises, the economies of scale and accumulation are low, and the economics of networking is very low.

The ontology of research is based on critical rationalism. In this ontology, the view of the object is abstract - concrete and deals with the analysis of the problem on three levels: real, actual and empirical. At the real level, it deals with causal forces in creating the spatial structure of the metropolitan region. At the actual level of the mechanisms affecting the spatial structure and at the empirical level, the spatial representation of currents and forces is evaluated. The epistemology of research is based on reason and experience with inductive, deductive and post-exploratory approaches. Research methodology is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). The method is the utilization of procedures for measuring spatial structure and analysis of flows and connections, as well as methods for measuring the degree of diversity and specialization have been used.

In the morphological dimension, the spatial distribution of the population system indicates that the metropolitan region has a weak tendency to become morphological polycentric over time. In the functional dimension, network power, dominance and symmetry were evaluated based on the flow of travel production. According to the amount of entropy that shows the power of the network, the tendency of the metropolitan area is towards functional polycentric. In addition to the Dii measure that shows dominance in relationships and its value is from zero to infinity. It indicates that in terms of travel production (movement of people) Tehran and Karaj are significantly different from other cities. In other words, these two cities have complete control over the network of relations. But in terms of symmetry, the spatial structure of the metropolitan region is not polycentric. The study of the flow of goods between the cities of the metropolitan region shows that in 2006 the main flows of communication between the cities of the metropolitan region were with Tehran and relations with each other at the level of medium-sized cities have been weak. But in 2016, also the formation of two-side relations between some cities with Tehran (Firoozkooh, Bumhan, Robat Karim, Eshtehard, Karaj and Hashtgerd), witnessed a tendency to form horizontal relations between other cities (Karaj-Eshtehard, Hashtgerd-Karaj, Shahriyar-Eshtehard, Shahriyar-Karaj, Pakdasht-Karaj, Firoozkooh-Damavand, Qarchak-Meshkin Dasht). Therefore, it can be said that the vertical and hierarchical relations of the flow of goods, between the cities of the metropolitan region and Tehran, have a very weak tendency from vertical relations to horizontal relations. The study of economic indicators shows that the degree of specialization of the cities of the metropolitan area is increasing. Although Tehran's level of specialization has decreased, it still has the highest level of specialization. However, this diversity has decreased during this period. On the other hand, Savojbolagh, Rey, Baharestan, Karaj, Quds, Mallard and Eshtehard cities had the highest level of diversity in production structure during the period of -75 to 95.

The results show that the spatial structure in the morphological dimension is a monocentric spatial structure that tends to become polycentric. In the functional dimension, the study of spatial interactions shows that the relations between the cities of the region have very little tendency towards networking but in terms of dominance, Tehran and Karaj still dominate these relations. On the other hand, the study of network symmetry also indicates asymmetry inflows. In addition, the study of the flow of goods in the metropolitan region shows that the vertical relations between cities and the metropolis of Tehran are still maintained and other cities have been added to this relationship over time. But the new point in these relations is the formation of two-side commodity relations between some cities and the metropolis of Tehran and the tendency to form a horizontal relationship between some cities in the metropolitan region. The role of cities such as Hashtgerd, Eshtehard, Shahriyar and Firoozkooh, and secondarily the cities such as Robat Karim, Hassanabad, Varamin, Pakdasht and Damavand, shows the tendency to create weak functional centres in the metropolitan region. Therefore, it can be said that the spatial structure of Tehran metropolitan region has a weak tendency towards the spatial structure with the ability to support synergistic relations between cities in the metropolitan region.

The concept of reading literacy is one of the important goals of educational research through which students perceive and understand textbooks during the educational period. Famous linguists and philosophers, Lakoff and Johnson, introduced a linguistic approach to the cognitive sciences with a special emphasis on "meaning" in language from the perspective of conceptual metaphor which is distinct from Chomsky's approach to syntactic study of language. Lakoff and Johnson consider the conceptual metaphors as the most important things to know about the world. Conceptual metaphors mean understanding of an idea or field of abstract concept based on another idea or topic with concrete meaning. Based on the importance of conceptual metaphors in recognizing and understanding the concept of students, this paper has considered the time-oriented conceptual metaphors in the place of fourth grade primary school Persian textbook. Here, the linguistic and philosophical analysis of the concept of metaphor in Persian textbook would be dealt be with the method of concept analysis with Lakoff’s linguistic approach. The results showed that the texts of Persian textbook have a number of conceptual metaphors for education, however, at the activity sections and questions of this textbook, no special instruction has been done in this regard. Therefore, in order to better understand the concepts and recognize the world around the student, it is necessary to consider an appropriate program and approach to "teaching meaning" in the context of conceptual metaphors.

In the past decades, development strategies have transformed. By way of explanation, what is known as a comparative advantage has been diminished, in reverse dynamic comparative and competitive advantages, and in the last decade, collaborative advantage has risen. At the micro-level, the collaborative advantage can reduce risk by enhancing productivity-improving profit performance, and competitive advantages, decreasing the cost of transportation and sharing access to complementary resources over time. At the regional level, it invokes cooperative infrastructure investment by joining cities’ different resources and advantages. This advantage has been raised because of its significance in the supply and value chains. Collaborative benefits of the supply chain are accomplished relative to competitors by using participation processes to empower participants to build knowledge. Meanwhile, collaborative advantages can create a synergy that the independent action of the participants never achieves such advantages. Economic synergy has entered the development debate and has become the agenda of strategists concerning economic activities, including micro-level(firm), middle-level (network, intra-regional relations), and macro-level(national).

The methodology of this research is mixed. The analysis method in the qualitative section includes a content analysis of cultural, social, and economic development programs and industrial development plans. Accordingly, industries that emphasize upcoming documents in the Tehran metropolitan region from a spatial-economic synergistic index perspective are evaluated. Additionally, approaches and policies in these plans are appraised. In the quantitative section of the methodology, we identified the industries with the most significant potential for creating economic synergy. Then, research indicators were extracted based on the background and theoretical foundations. Furthermore, the input-output table was used to analyze intra-industry relations. Finally, this research proposes a spatial structure and institutional framework for improving and supporting economic activities in the Tehran metropolitan region.

Industry development in Tehran metropolitan region has been impacted by the independent economic policy, the dominance of neoclassical economic thinking, and the import substitution industrialization approaches. So, cooperative advantages have been neglected for decades. Based on statistics from the Ministry of Mining Industry and Trade (MMIT)Share of the number of firms is about 26درصد, and 36درصد is the share of employment. Also, 200 firms add to the region on average annually. Despite these potentials, the amount of value-added produced by the region has a downward trend and has reached 25 percent. The most important factors, such as production capacity development with little regard for extra-regional relations and similarity of production capacity expansion, probably led to a decrease in value-added and share of GDP in the region. Therefore, this situation is direct to work similarity, destructive competitive process and finally many industries have faced issues as a result. Establishing 17 towns and industrial areas and investigating good flows among these indicate the weak functions of economic nodes in the field of location and expanding synergistic relationships. Furthermore, an investigation of industrial development policy-making trends shows that supporting all of the industry and neglecting product life cycle has played a critical role in this way. Significantly, the comprehensive supporting policy led to a lack of competitiveness in the long term. Moreover, the lack of appropriate cognation of global markets prevents the identification of strategic industries, so productions of the industry have lost competitiveness and consumer markets due to the increased production costs and reduced quality of them. The branding process for the industry has never been taken seriously. Meanwhile, an influential economic factor of intra-region has been indistinct for the expansion of the industry. In other words, approaches that are known in the literature as offset should be based on an expansion of industries in the region. 

The research results indicate that though the expansion of some crucial industries in plans has been neglected, a major focus on developing 11 industries has been increased. Some industries like printing and publishing leather and its products and medical instruments have been overlooked in these plans. Additionally, the strategic plan of the Ministry of Industry and Mine is not able to establish key industries due to considering some limited indicators alone. Therefore, this research offers spatial economic concepts as an essential factor that can effectively impact economic development. The investigation of the industry situation in terms of Enterprises number and employment rate shows that a substantial number of firms are classified into three categories, including small and mid-size enterprises. Thus, economic development strategy needs to be towards creating synergy among industries. Finally, If the industries’ enterprises have been developed as clustering, it would generate synergy through value chain formation.

This study aimed to analyze the state of the sexual intelligence concept in cyberspace based on the goals of the philosophy for children (P4C) curriculum. The fundamental question is what Lipman and his colleagues present in relation to their educational program for a fundamental transformation in children's education, what implications does it have for sexual intelligence in cyberspace? The educational program of philosophy for children, which is based on a central theory and uses a very effective practical method and emphasizes the real indicators of improving children's intelligence level, which seems to be an effective step to achieve this goal.

To meet the first and second objectives, content analysis and inferential methods of practical analogy were utilized, respectively.  The statistical population of the study included all documents, sources, and databases related to the research topic that were identified and then purposefully studied and analyzed in depth.

The study findings revealed that the core of sexual intelligence in cyberspace based on the goals of the P4C curriculum was built on three main components, namely, critical sexual intelligence in cyberspace, creative sexual intelligence in cyberspace, and caring sexual intelligence in cyberspace, which could be practiced and achieved under four principles, viz. understanding sexual concepts (i.e., sexual knowledge), avoiding misconceptions, appreciating relationships and sexual abstinence, assuming sexual responsibility, and observing sexual ethics in cyberspace, relying on P4C.

The results of this research can be a stimulus for policymakers and education planners, especially educators who seek to find a way to accelerate the sexual education of children in cyberspace based on the philosophy program for children in order to develop cognitive, and social skills and reach intelligence. are sexual in children

The aim of the present study is to identify the appropriate goals, methods and content in art teaching based on the concept of Deluzian immanence. Deleuze is one of the great contemporary philosophers who gave new life to philosophy by presenting new ideas in philosophy. To do this, he created new concepts, one of which is immanence. Since one - these concepts express his thoughts and two - his thoughts can be the solution to many of our problems, and the third is that it is not possible to address all aspects of his thoughts and concepts in one article, so try to analyze one of The most important concepts of his ontological concepts have been called introversion in order to take a new step in this direction by extracting the appropriate goals, methods and contents of art education. The method used is Frankena's method of practical analogy. Frankena's practical analogy is rooted in ancient Greece and Aristotle's theoretical and practical analogy. Aristotle considers the application of theoretical analogy in the realm of theoretical wisdom and in areas such as metaphysics and physics, and considers the application of practical analogy in practical wisdom and in areas such as ethics, politics, and education. According to Frankena; There is a lot of practical analogy in the realm of applied knowledge, such as the realm of applied education. Findings indicate that an actor can be a goal and use the analogy method to achieve it, and Deleuze has used this method and preferably similar content such as similar movies or theaters. Used one type. The results show that Deleuze's concepts, which express his ideas, can be used not only in aesthetic but used to teaching art and social sience. Many researchers in Iran and abroad have done research on Deleuze, some of whom have studied his ideas, and others who have tried to exploit and apply his ideas in various aspects of life. In the present study, the second approach has been selected. Here are some related research.In their study, Porhosaini and et al (2014) extracted John Dewey's views on art and aesthetics and then extracted its implications for teaching and learning.Abdollahyar and et al (2019) have proposed creative teaching based on Deleuze's rheumatic principles. Due to the increasing changes and developments in technology and educational systems, and consequently the vital need for creative thinking and thinking, he has proposed creative teaching and believes that; Since the requirements for creative teaching are freedom, experience, risk-taking, flexibility and lack of prejudice, relying on Deleuze's rhizomatic principles such as connection, discrepancy, multiplicity, unbalanced rupture, mapping can be a model in which to Emphasize cooperation, dialogue, participation, innovation and active learning, and consequently stimulate critical thinking, opportunities for change in teaching methods, change in teachers' perspectives.moradi (2006) in his research aimed at extracting the implications of postmodernism - as Deleuze's field of thought - in teaching, emphasized active and individual learning and decentralization.Cronje (2018) in a study entitled "Rheumatic Implications for Integrated Learning" deals with the web learning environment (3) that each person produces knowledge. In this sense; Learners automatically generate knowledge. In this environment, learners learn what they need to learn automatically. Google Translate provides the opportunity to learn a foreign language for a trip. Google Maps also informs us about the geography of our trip. We can get what we want to learn quickly. His paper includes the use of rhizome theory to develop multifaceted learning. 2- Provides an integrated framework for designing rhizomatic learning experiences. His definition of learning includes the process of relating to various information ideas and resources, learning the path of critical thinking, continuing learning, and learning decision making.Salehi's doctoral dissertation entitled "Random Teaching; Deleuze, Creative Discourse and Art" considers creativity to be an event from Deleuze's point of view, which occurs in the open air and through the current situation, and may be destructive or beneficial. In parts of his dissertation, he referred to various theories of the discourse of creativity, including modernism and postmodernism, to different approaches to creativity, including; It also mentions social psychological approaches, psychometric approaches, cognitive and news approaches, individual and social approaches, and integrated approaches and erroneous approaches. In part of his dissertation, he uses the box of creativity, art, and event, and finally points out that the creative person is the one who creates and makes possible the impossible, and poses and solves questions. . "We can teach the value of breaking without being pessimistic about creativity," he said. We can teach the pleasure of chaos and the ways to deal with it and to love the complexities of Salehi (2008).As can be seen, there has been a lot of research on teaching, but none of them has addressed the goals, methods, and content of art education based on the concept of endurance, which in the present study raises three clear and explicit questions. will be done. Deleuze (1994: 45) states: "Every time there is a transcendence, a vertical existence, and a kind of empire in heaven or on earth, we are confronted with religion, and every time it is within us, we are confronted with philosophy." The statement points to the importance of the concept of endurance.Calling Spinoza a prince and a philosopher Christ, Deleuze considers him the only philosopher who has not always excelled. Deleuze relied on introspection instead of error in philosophy to delusion in philosophy; Especially the illusion of contemplation, the illusion of contemplation and the illusion of conversation. Relying on the concept of introspection, he speaks of the renewal of the image of thought and claims that anyone who cannot renew the image of thought is not a philosopher. In this regard, he goes beyond representation and proposes representation and creativity in thought. Deleuze goes on to mention the passage of error following the passage of thought threats, including; Stupidity, forgetfulness, aphasia, delusions, and insanity are also on the agenda, and he believes that the fear of these things prevents him from thinking about his basic task of creating. He enlists Kant's reference to illusions when Kant said that thought is threatened by the inevitable illusions that arise from within itself, rather than by the threat of error.Foucault (1972) is one of Deleuze's favorite thinkers, and Deleuze wrote a book about him, Foucault (1972). According to him, the most obvious and general form of transcendence is truth, and our fundamental error is that we think that there are meanings and truths that are waiting to be interpreted, revealed, or revealed.

Management structure in military systems, featuring the form of a command hierarchy, is typically a closed system in which providing the subordinates with a structure for giving feedbacks and declaring their criticisms has not been much taken into consideration. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of organizational justice on commitment and work motivation of the personnel in a military organization. Using the survey method, 180 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population in all provinces across the country. The analysis of the results is causal and for this purpose the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was performed in order to analyze the relationships and assess model fit that analysis was executed using AMOS software. The results showed that organizational justice has a direct effect on work motivation with a standard β coefficient of 0.32 and an indirect effect with a coefficient of 0.278 and a total effect of 0.598. Also, organizational justice had a significant effect on organizational commitment and the standard β coefficient of 0.41 was obtained. The effect of organizational commitment on work motivation was significant and a standard β coefficient of 0.68 was obtained in the output of the analysis. Finally, based on the approved relationships, based on the logic model, the model of performance improvement in the human capital of the organization is proposed

Undoubtedly, one of the most important changes in urban planning is the creation and improvement of the quality of life in urban environments. Accordingly, considering that the ultimate goal of all theories and movements, scholars and politicians in the field of urban affairs is to improve the quality of life of the townspeople, Understanding and recognizing factors affecting the quality of life of citizens and how to measure them in neighborhoods, especially informal settlements, as well as understanding the complexities of self-propagating settlements and recognizing the various dimensions of social, economic, cultural and psychological life and its physical environment. In order to provide solutions and scientific and practical programs to urban managers, it is essential to study the quality of life in these settlements inevitable. Therefore, this research studies the factors affecting the quality of life in spontaneous settlements in the studied areas. To analyze the components, using field studies and according to Cochran formula, the questionnaire was distributed among residents of the studied neighborhoods. The results of data analysis indicate that quality of life is different in the two neighborhoods. In the study of factors affecting the quality of life, components of sense of belonging, social and mental well-being can have a greater impact on the quality of life in these neighborhoods. Economic components, safety, and security, facilities and services have indirectly affected the quality of life, respectively.

Virtual education and the possibility of holding the classroom in cyberspace is a unique opportunity to cope with limitations of face-to-face education, the realization of the ideal of education for all and paving the way for sustainable and balanced development in the country. The aim of this study was to analyze and understand the lived experience of teachers, students and parents from the barriers and strategies of using the social network of students (SHĀD) in teaching and learning of students during the corona outbreak, in the three districts of Kermānshāh city. For this purpose, using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, the phenomenon under study was identified and represented. The research sample consisted of 22 teachers, principals, students and parents who were active in the SHĀD system and they were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and they were analyzed based on the Colaizzi model. In the 14th interview, the theoretical saturation of the data was obtained, however, in order to validate the findings, interviews were continued until the 22th person. Analysis of the interview data led to the identification of two main categories (barriers and strategies) and twenty main themes. The barriers of the SHĀD application were identified as the two categories of "teachers and principals' understanding" and "students and parents' understanding". The results showed that the use of SHĀD application for students' teaching and learning still has many different barriers. It became clear that there is a long way to reach the desired situation and improving its quality requires the view of authorities and staying away from temporary, part-time, second-hand attitude towards such education.

Deleuze is one of the prominent contemporary philosophers who has presented his ideas based on the creation of new concepts, and various thinkers have applied his theories in various dimensions of life. The present study has been done with this approach and its purpose is to clarify the four philosophical concepts of Deleuze and to extract implications for teaching art. The method of philosophical analysis has been chosen to analyze the four important philosophical concepts of Deleuze and Frankenna's model of practical analogy has been chosen to extract the allusions of Deleuze's philosophical concepts in art education. The findings indicates that immanence with ontological roots, rhizomes with epistemological roots, equal attention to body and mind with anthropological roots and achieving good with axiological roots are in rhizomatic and nested relationship. They are together and can have hints in art education, including the goals of the principles, methods and contents of art. A study of the findings shows that It is essential that Deleuze's concepts are not seen in isolation And the use of Deleuze's philosophical ideas in the field of education, including art education, can provide the basis for overcoming the mere emphasis on aesthetics.

The purpose of this study is to critique the existing approaches to art education with an emphasis on Deleuze’s value perspective. The research method is critical analysis. There are various approaches to art education that, according to Deleuze’s approach, have been criticized, including the traditional approach, the production-oriented approach, the approach of receiving emotion and meaning, the approach of cultivating superior intellectual origins, the aesthetic knowledge approach, and the discipline art education approach. Based on Deleuze’s approach and his activist vision, there are criticisms of each of these approaches to art education. The results of the study indicate that Deleuze’s attitude is an intermediate and comprehensive approach to art education. Deleuze relates art education to moral virtues and offers a rhizomatic and transversal approach to art education. The results indicate that Deleuze’s value-oriented approach has important points for art education, such as changing the media role of art by relying on the transition from representation to representation and the transition from art as a conduit and transmission of facts to influence. It is investing and activism.

Women’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social security. For example, can a woman lead a free life without fear in today’s world? In recent years, various studies have been conducted throughout the world, including Iran. Considering this necessity, the current study seeks to investigate those components that are influential on women’s sense of social security in public green spaces. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of its purpose. The sample size consists of 165 female persons. They have been selected randomly. Apart from descriptive statistics, Gamma and Lambda correlations tests as well as Pearson and Regression tests were utilized for analyzing the data. The results indicated that women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park is relatively strong. Nonetheless, the main argument focuses on the determination of influential components. The findings showed that the social capital with 0.69 and groupism with 0.19 regression coefficients had the lowest and the highest impact on the women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park respectively. Furthermore, factors like age (0.36), education (0.53) and financial situation (0.35) had a positive relationship with women’s sense of social security. Generally, women’s security in society falls under the influence of social and environmental conditions on one hand and socio-economic base of the family on the other hand.

The main goal of this study is an analysis and critique of post-phenomenology in technological case studies. It seeks to answer two basic questions: first, ‘what analysis of post-phenomenology can be offered in technological case studies?’ and second, ‘what objections to post-phenomenology are posed in technological case studies?’ To this end, we used methods of conceptual analysis and evaluation of conceptual structure. The findings of the study regarding the first question show that post-phenomenology has originated from superiority of practice over theory in history of philosophy, and this has led to theoretical reflections on technology. This approach began with Don Ihde’s works in philosophy and is being developed with case studies on new technologies in works of Ferbike, Rosenberger and other expositors. The most important concepts developed in this philosophical tradition include relational ontology, mediatory concern, human-technology relations, technological concern, mediated awareness ground, alteration method, multiplicity, relations strategy, and alteration in transparency. The findings of the study in regard to the second question show that the most important critiques on this view are weakness of the theory of post-phenomenological morality in explaining some issues, inability in recognizing dominant stability in the multiplicity idea, being limited to specific relations and technological materialism, and no attention to human’s liberty in choosing technological mediation.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of the good life in the Eudaimonic approach to drawing aims of education. To this purpose, first, the concept of the good life in the Eudaimonic was analyzed, then based on this analysis and in the context of the philosophical insights gained from this analysis, aims for education were drawn. To achieve these goals, the conceptual analysis and reconstructed methods of Francena's practical syllogism were used. According to the findings of this study, the general orientations of Eudaimonic well-being are virtue, meaningfulness, and. Human flourishing. The aims of education of Eudaimonic well-being were presented in two parts: the end aim and the middle aims. These aims include human flourishing as the ultimate goal of education Eudaimonic well-being, and meaningfulness and virtue are identified as intermediate goals of education Eudaimonic well-being. Thus, the primary purpose of education is to guide educators towards virtuous and flourish lifestyles. Education-based on Eudaimonic well-being considers flourishing as an appropriate necessary answer to the fundamental and normative issue of human well-being. Moreover, Eudaimonic education is about how learners achieve this aim. Therefore, in the process of this kind of education and based on the paths of Eudaimonic well-being, it should be said that the main features of Eudaimonic education are the central virtue, the rationality, the meaningfulness, and the sense of being towards human flourishing.

Mathematical problem-solving training has been the focus of previous research. But there is a research gap on the impact of the cognitive elements of philosophical research on improving mathematical problem solving education.

To explain how cognitive elements of philosophical research can influence mathematical problem solving education.

This was a qualitative study. All texts containing the content of philosophical research as well as mathematical problem-solving instruction in the last two decades at home and abroad have been considered as discourses and in addition to the text of Polya and Schoenfield's books as the main and key works of mathematical problem-solving instruction. Sampling was done using the maximum diversity method to obtain all the usable codes. All found elements were coded and codes containing cognitive elements were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed using discourse analysis.

Philosophical research methods include the use of cognitive factors. A variety of thinking skills, conceptual reasoning, inference, use of abstract concepts, deep understanding of the problem and its conditions and response conditions, rearrangement and modification of problem terms and elements are common philosophical and mathematical problem solving methods.

Since cognitive skills can be learned and practiced, training and practicing them can improve mathematical problem solving training. Philosophical research, because of the widespread use of reasoning and the analysis of abstract concepts, has the potential to be used in the mathematics classroom.

The third millennium as an “era of cities” associated with major challenges, mainly derived by human malicious activities, especially in cities, over the last four decades. This issue has required alternative development approach to sustainability and livability of cities. In this context, maintenance and development of high-quality public space widely have been recognized as an effective approach to social sustainability of cities. Accordingly, this paper aimed to conceptualize the role of public space in social sustainability. We calculated sample size based on Daniel’s Formula. One-sample T test, Pearson’s correlation, multi-criteria regression have been used to measuring indicators. Findings revealed that inclusiveness, safety, and meaningful activities are the most important indicators in quality of public space in Tajrish neighborhood. In addition, in effort to evaluating impacts of quality of public space indicators on social sustainability we found that safety and security, access, meaningful activities and inclusiveness indicators have direct impact on quality of public space and comfort and pleasantness have indirect impact on social sustainability of Tajrish neighborhood. It is accomplished with direct and indirect impact of meaningful activities and inclusiveness on social sustainability.

The purpose of this study is to explain aesthetics from John Dewey's perspective and draw its educational implications. This research uses conceptual analysis and deduction as methods. The method of data collection is library-documentary and the analyzed documents include books, research backgrounds and related researches. Aesthetics, experience and knowledge are interrelated in Dewey's perspective. Dewey opposes any kind of dualities and advocates unity in aesthetics, experience and knowledge. The aesthetic experience is distinguished by features such as wholeness, immediacy, cohesion, and so on and knowledge is a part of aesthetics. The implications of Dewey's view of art education can be used in both curriculum and teaching. The implication for curriculum is an integrated viewpoint to art, focusing on the theoretical and practical aspect of art. The implication for teaching emphasizes on the connection between art education and pupil experiences and the emotional aspect of teacher-pupil interaction. Embracing diversity in teaching methods and paying attention to qualitative and process-based evaluation helps to promote art education.

The goal of this research is investigate the position of MOOCs in breeding students' moral responsibility with an emphasis on actor- network theory. The present research is philosophical and conceptual and linguistic analysis and transgressive logical analysis. Documents analyzed included views of experts, books, background studies and related research in the field. Findings of the research showed; based on the theory of actor- network and the simultaneous function of man and technology and their interactions between each other, MOOCs is not a neutral tool and can has a dual position is constructive and unconstructive in breeding students' moral responsibility. On the one hand, through changing the role of the teacher and the student, the application of interactive approaches in teaching, the development of specific competencies and the development of educational justice have provided a basis for breeding responsibility. On the contrary, due to the non-presence, unconditional acceptance of all applicants, crowded classrooms, the existence of false identities and the possibility of unknowing learners have reduced student responsibility. Based on the theory of actor network and the intermediate, symmetric and network look at humans and artifacts, it can be concluded the technology of MOOCs through changing the nature, interests and intentions of the actors provides background for training their moral responsibility or irresponsible. But this lackage can be filled by interacting with the learning environment and using more than multimedia technologies.