علی انتظاری

The appraisal of studies on the social issue of law in Iran indicates that these studies are based on the formal validity of the law in the legal system and expect its normative validity and empirical validity to be normal. These studies understand the law as a tool of social reform based on the will of the legislator and often by adopting Durkheim's pathological approach and under interpretations such as anomie (abnormality) the negative aspect of the rule of law (i.e. lawlessness ) as a "social issue" and introduced the problems of two levels of law-making and enforcement as an independent variable (under the title of political factor or legal factor) among the factors of this social phenomenon and unintentionally they have ignored the necessity for the law to be emerged from the collective conscience and also the connection of social control mechanisms of Iranian society. This article argues from the perspective of Durkheim's sociology of law that the establishment of codified law in the process of social change is done based on the links created in the history of the society and on this basis it tries to outline the changes in the social context of law in two periods before and after the constitutional revolution in Iran. the achievement of this article is descriptive and exploratory which can provide an opportunity for future researches to do research from the standpoint of social health.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the value of ferrous companies from steel rates on the London Metal Exchange. The export advantage of cheap energy and the existence of arbitrage in the global ferrous market can affect the value of Iranian companies whose activities are related to steel production or iron ore extraction under the financial transfer process. Although financial pass through is one of the natural functions of financial markets, but this issue in the Iranian market is challenged from two perspectives. First, it is not possible to trade in the Iranian stock market through international brokers and in practice no international investment is made in this market, and second, the Iranian economy has been subject to international sanctions in recent years and the path of international trade in the country may face serious problems. For these two reasons, it is possible that there is no mechanism for the commodity prices pass through in the Iranian stock market. On the other hand, government intervention in determining the prices of some basic commodities, such as steel, and the imposition of mandatory prices, can make any connection between the value of these companies and world prices meaningless. Government interference in commodity prices can be achieved through the imposition of a regulated exchange rate. For this reason, in this study, the exchange rate in the informal market has been used to Rialize the world steel rate, which is based on the London metals exchange. In this study, the informal exchange rate is equal to one Etherium in Tehran market. Therefore, to estimate the relationship between the global steel price and the value of ferrous companies, we should consider the effect of the exchange rate on the informal market. Capital market developments and its sharp fluctuations in recent years should also be considered as an effective component in the value of companies. Finding a significant relationship between global steel prices and the value of ferrous companies would be an important sign to risk management and optimization of investors' portfolios.

In the category of companies activities in the Tehran Stock Exchange, steel industries are in the group of basic metals and iron ore mines are in the group of metal ores. Both stock exchanges include activities related to other metals such as copper and aluminum, and therefore there are no separate indicators for companies whose activities are only related to ferrous activities. In this study, a separate index by Laspiers method for steel producing companies and iron ore mining companies has been designed and calculated separately, in which all effective events such as increasing the capital of companies have been considered. This index is a research dependent variable. Explanatory variables of the research model are steel rates in LME and exchange rates in the Tehran informal market. The total index of Tehran stock market is also included as a control variable in the research model. The data processing method is ARDL.

Estimation of the coefficients of the research model indicates that the value of iron companies in Iran has a direct and significant relationship with the LME steel rate, the exchange rate in the informal market and the TSE index of Tehran. According to the findings of the ARDL model, a 10% increase in LME steel rate will increase the index of steel companies by 8.8% and the index of iron ore mining companies by 5.8% in the long run. Also, a 10% increase in the informal exchange rate will cause these two indices to grow by 3% and 5.7%, respectively. The validity of a significant long-run relationship has been investigated and confirmed using the bounds test. Adjustment rate in steel industry is about 3 months but in mining companies is faster and close to 1 month.

The results of this study indicates that the value of steel companies as well as iron ore mining companies in Iran, have a significant response to changes in LME steel prices. In other words, the lack of access of international traders to this market and also the existence of international sanctions has not been able to prevent financial pass through in the Tehran stock market. The results of estimating the research model show that the value of ferrous companies in Iran is sensitive to the informal exchange rate. Thus, the official government rate of dollar has not eliminated the link between the market value of these companies and the informal exchange rate.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of mate selection spaces in the stability of joint life and with the aim of comparing resistant mate selection spaces with modern and risky mate selection spaces with the theoretical support of the concepts of mate selection spaces and polarization. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included all married girls covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee during the years 2015 to 2018, in the number of 994 people, who were studied in a comprehensive way. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that the spouse selection spaces of pilgrimage camps and religious ceremonies as resistant and controllable spouse selection spaces are related to the stability of marriage (C.V=16.8%) and the formation of consanguineous marriages (C.V=11.7%) and can reproduce and continue the function of the traditional spouse selection space. The title should be used as a tool to reproduce the old relations of women (which was choosing a wife) in the society. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the influence of space on the behavior of social activists through the creation of facilities or restrictions causes the act of choosing a spouse to undergo changes as the most stable human interactions. Therefore, creating spaces for choosing a spouse with facilities such as equal marriage, equal opportunities, consultative selection, collectivism, control and supervision of pre-marital relationships can contribute to the strength and stability of family

Criticism about the existence of inefficiency and parallel work in cultural institutions, ‎including Quranic structures, is common and requires scientific investigation.Based on ‎this, the upcoming article has studied the Quranic policy-making in the Islamic ‎Republic of Iran and to do this, document analysis method has been used. Also, to ‎collect data, have been referred to the statutes, administrative structure and ‎performance report of each of the studied institutions and organizations. According to ‎the findings of the research, there are three categories of institutions active in the ‎Quranic fields: a) relatively independent Quranic structures, b) Quranic structures that ‎are a subset of other cultural institutions and are completely dependent on them from ‎an administrative point of view, c) cultural structures that Part of their activity is ‎Quranic..According to the investigation, inappropriate organization of relevant ‎institutions, lack of diversity among the fields of emergence of elites in Quranic affairs, ‎and lack of concentration of senior officials of relevant organizations on Quranic ‎activities are among the existing challenges of Quranic structures in the country. ‎Popularization and dynamic interaction with people's capacities is the most important ‎proposed solution, but in order to improve the existing situation, can be pursued in ‎the following ways: 1-Structural integration of the first class devices, 2-Coordinating ‎and directing the structures of the second category by defining joint collaborations. 3-‎Alignment of the structures of the third group with the big ideas of the system in this ‎area through the presence and participation in the council arising from the integrated ‎structures.‎

The book “Usule elme servate melal ya’ni economiypolitik” (Principles of the Wealth of Nations, Namely Économie Politique), translated by Mohammad Ali Foroughi, known as Zoka-ul-Molk (the second), is the first scientific book in the field of economics in Iran. As a result, after its republication in recent decades, it has received more attention and reflection from an economic perspective. However, its political implications have been overlooked, especially considering that this work was published in the discursive conflict of the constitutional era. The present article seeks to revisit the book in question by employing Michel Foucault's ideas regarding the relationship between political economy and governmentality from a historical sociological perspective. It aims to analyze the book's political implications and address the question of whether the translation and publication of this work can be considered evidence of the formation of an "economic-political discourse" in Iran. After examining the main themes of the book and its implications for politics and governance, the article responds to the aforementioned question by stating that although Paul Beauregard wrote the book “Économie Politique” within the "discourse of political economy" in France, Mohammad Ali Foroughi translated it in Iran during the dominance of the "legal discourse" of the constitutional era. Therefore, the translation and publication of this book cannot be regarded as an example of an "economic-political discourse" in Iran.

The family has an important role in reproducing cultural system and socializing individuals. But this institution is not always stable and sometimes undergoes challenge and tension in everyday life. One of the most current tensions in family life is due to misunderstanding between parents and children on different issues. This article deals with this problem by symptomatic reading of the film ‘I am a Mother’ and with the question that what a mother may do in such circumstances to solve the problem. The film shows the situation many families in Iran may have experienced. That’s why dealing with the paradoxical position of the mother in the film, reveals the deadlock of the parental relation in families. The findings show that what looks like maternal sacrifice in the first glance, is a pervert attempt to monopolize familial relations by the mother. Hence, the familial relation which is supported by maternal sacrifice, is susceptible to unexpected pathologies. This claim does not intend to undermine humanist values like sacrificing (especially that of women in the family life), but in some circumstances, the order which prevails is different from what people suppose.

According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth at its various micro and macro levels has been made through the production of and focus on high value-added industries like cultural industries in recent decades.According to UNESCO, cultural economics is a very strategic industry in the national economy in most developed countries in the world and governments have played an important role in it. Policy-making in the process of production, distribution, and consumption of cultural products is one of the most well-known and important tasks of governments throughout the world, which is considered as the main axis for the development of socio-cultural economics. Despite having rich cultural resources, Iran is far behind the developed countries and even the similar countries earning their incomes from the most important cultural industries according to the available evidence and statistics. Planning in the form of policies, laws, programs, and rituals in the cultural industry has an important role in the growth and development of this sector and thus the present policies need to be reviewed. Based on the theories, models, and policy discourses in the field of cultural industries and cultural economics, there are several components in policy-making that can be classified according to varied criteria, including level, section, type, and reaction to globalization. Based on the criterion of level, policies are made at the three local, regional, and national levels. Based on the criterion of sector, they are made in the sector of cultural economy, including production, distribution, and consumption concerning the required infrastructure. A type-based policy-making has two interrelated classifications, which include direct and indirect policies and regulations (distributional, regulatory, redistributive, and stakeholder policies). Finally, policies are categorized according to their types of response to globalization, which include prevention, resistance, and development policies. In this study, the upstream documents and their gaps were examined based on the different types of policy models in the field of cultural economics.

To analyze the policies of cultural economy in Iran the method of qualitative content analysis of documents was used with a descriptive-analytical approach in this research. The research population included the texts of upstream documents and laws, in which culture and cultural industries were discussed. Also, a summary content analysis was utilized. The analysis of the hidden contents in the concepts was done by identifying and quantifying the keywords or themes extracted from the researcher's texts of interest or research literature. To assess the validity of the research process, the raw data related to those themes were also referred to in addition to the researcher’s long-term engagement and continuous observation of the texts. The theoretical validity was increased by reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research at each stage of coding and referring to the extracted primary themes. In the next step, to ensure that the coding was suitably done and the content was properly extracted, the experts were provided with the categorized categories in the mentioned field under the title of "Peer Review".

The study and analysis of the upstream documents showed that the majority of policies in the field of cultural economics were related to the production sector based on the theoretical models presented. The lowest policies were related to the consumption sector. Although the production sector was very important in the cultural economy, other sectors were not significant and the development of the cultural economy depended on the balanced attention and growth of all its sectors, including production, distribution, and consumption since the produced goods and services required the existence of distributional platforms, i.e., market and marketing, for supply on the one hand and the consumer market with the consumers, who received the expected cultural goods and services in proportion to their needs and demands on the other hand. The difference of the natures and values of the cultural goods (cultural and financial values) with those of other goods doubled the need to pay attention to the consumer sector because these goods could be developed by promoting cultural capital, i.e., knowledge and understanding of the consumers. Cultural and social assistance in a society occurs along with economic development. In the studied documents and policies, the issue of Iranian-Islamic culture and identity and the need to revive them through cultural industries were considered, which indicated a preventive approach in policy-making. In this investigation, the issues of endogenous production, as well as extroversion and consumption of cultural products, were raised in the form of resistant culture economics. Also, strengthening and facilitating our presence in the international cultural forums, becoming part of a cultural hub in the region, and reinforcing international scientific centers for research communications were mentioned by referring to the documents and plans related to the subject of international relations in the field of cultural industries. However, in terms of the level of policy-making, most of the programs and policies were related to the national level. In general, it can be said that although proper policy-making, regulation, and provision of policy infrastructure in any field, especially in the field of cultural economics, which are the responsibilities of governments, are essential, this policy can be further developed when suitably implemented by governmental and non-governmental organizations and institutions with the help of people.

The aim of this study is study the evolution of cultural policies of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance in post-revolutionary governments. The method of this research is qualitative and is a thematic analysis with a three-step approach. In order to collect data, were referred to the existing documents including researches, written texts and existing interviews of cultural policy makers.The sampling method is "targeted sampling". In this article, distinctions between cultural policies announced and policies implemented by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and Cultural policies adopted in each period and the result of these policies Has been studied. In the interim government and the first government due to lack of alignment with the goals of the revolution, In the second government, due to the short period of activity, we do not see cultural policy in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance And in other governments after the Islamic Revolution due to the adoption of a one-dimensional policy in addressing the goals of the Islamic Revolution We are witnessing the adoption of a selective and partisan view of culture.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cultural globalization in mate selection spaces.

The research method was descriptive using survey and the participants included 1197 married girls under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran from 2016 to 2017, which were included by census, online and through the social network. The research tools included the Mirzaei (1400) Questionnaire on Cultural Globalization, and Mate Spaces. Research data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 using, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression was utilized.

The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between different components of cultural globalization (media consumption, music consumption, clothing consumption, and individualism) and age with mate selection spaces (p<01.0). Stepwise regression analysis also showed that cultural globalization was a strong predictor for predicting mate selection spaces (R2=56%).

According to the present results, cultural globalization causes a change in the mate selection spaces and the actors' relations with space, and leads the act of marriage selection to marriages without intervention or with passive intervention of families and in spaces of control. Therefore, in addition to the possibility of choosing a spouse by young people, this process should be done in an environment with parental supervision and the possibility of evaluating and recognizing people in different dimensions.

The present study is entitled "Cultural context of economic action"with the aim to explore and provide a model of cultural contexts of economic action among Kermanshah’ citizens. The research literature is also inspired by neoclassical economics, the theories of Ronald Inglehart, Christine Welzel, Max Weber, Werner Sombart, and the theory of the Peasant Sub-Culture.The research method is qualitative. The data collection technique was also a semi-structured interview. The interview reached theoretical saturation after conducting among 35 purposeful selected individuals. Data encoding is also in three forms of open, axial and selective coding, and the extracted codes are compiled based on Strauss and Corbin logic in the form of a template. To assess the validity of the experts and to assess the reliability, we have tried to retest the method of work (Test-Retest Reliability). The results showed that the paradigmatic pattern of Kermanshah' citizens economic actions are influenced by various cultural factors such as religion, customs and proverbs. The effectiveness of these factors is influenced by the contextual factors that are most spatially and temporally relevant, also the interference conditions that related to the individual's inner and social attitudes. The next theme in the designed model was the axial phenomenon. The concepts related to the axial phenomenon in economic actions of Kermanshah' citizens fall into five categories (nature of money in time and place, internal factors of economic behaviours, social factors of economic behaviours, type of capital accumulation, and type of economic activities). Finally, strategies based on prior theorems lead to the consequences that economic action has on the mental readiness of actors to deal with money, labour, and savings.

Mothering is one of the profound concept in feminist discourse that simon de Beauvoir pied attention to it. After expanding, feminist ideas in Iran, Motahari confronted this stream by explaining the characteristic of mothering and its status in Islam. This essay use qualitative content analysis to gain point of view of motahari to mothering. Mother from his point of view is founder of society because her action due to the development or regress of society. Result of mothering is identity and social status, these in addition to leisure cause women satisfaction. Unlike him; simon de Beauvoir mean mothering as the victim of human kind in individual dimension results alienation and in social dimension humble of women then causes dissatisfaction of women.

In modern times, motherhood, once regarded as the main source of identity for women, has been moved away from its former status; hence, theorists focused on this issue as a dilemma. Likewise, affected by the influence of the developments of the modern world, motherhood in Iranian society underwent some changes, turning it as a subject that needs to be studied. The first step for explaining motherhood is to know about the status of motherhood in the outlook of women. This study aimed to classify women in relation to motherhood by applying content analysis method with a sample including 51 women aged from 15 to 70 years in Tehran. The data collection was carried out based on semi-structured in-depth interview. The findings of the interview were coded in three stages and their existing themes were designed. Based on the semantic factor known as the focal theme, three main types are identified regarding the issue of motherhood:  selector, hesitant, and elusive. Selector type women were divided into two groups based on their motivation: traditionalists and epistemologists; whereas women who were hesitant about motherhood were divided into two groups of materialists and epistemologists. The foresaid types indicated a change in motherhood position, implying that with the dominance of the selection factor and awareness of the institutional pressure to be in the motherhood position has decreased. However, the value of motherhood and the inner tendencies of women lead them to accept this position.

Today, mountains are one of the most popular leisure centers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of pollutants in the mountainous tourist area of Mashhad. This study is cross-sectional in terms of implementation time and applied in terms of outputs. In terms of analysis, it is descriptive-analytical as well as comparative. Data on 6 air pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) and noise pollution were collected and analyzed at the research area. The level of noise pressure in the region was recorded in different times. To investigate the situation of pollution risk assessment method in the region, quantitative risk assessment technique - William Fine method was used. The results showed that air pollution and noise pollution in Kuhsangi tourist area of Mashhad are inappropriate. And this is an alarm for the officials of Kuhsangi region. Therefore, Kuhsangi mountain tourism has the necessary potentials, but in general, there are a number of obstacles that can be solved by forming a nature tourism committee and providing logical solutions for the development of this industry by holding regular meetings with members of geography experts.

Abu Hamed, Imam Mohammad Ghazali Tusi, is one of the greatest thinkers of the fifth century AH (505-450 AH). The preliminary paper seeks to recognize the excerpts from al-Ghazali's demographic thoughts about the phenomena of migration or, in his own words, "travel." He presented his thoughts about nine years ago in the book "Islamic Revival of Sciences" and also the book of Kimia Sa'adat, which is the Persian compression of the above effect. The research method is descriptive and analytical. In this regard, we have used Ghazali's documents, materials and works to sum up the subject matter. According to research findings, he examines many aspects of the phenomenon of migration that is currently being raised. He considered immigration to be a voluntary, often short-lived phenomenon, due to various reasons, such as unfavorable economic and expensive situations, for the acquisition of various religious sciences, the verses of God on earth, recreation, and escape from the deadly diseases and that -What is the religion of the Lord. He also believes in the close connection between immigration and civilization, and in his writings he refers to historical narratives and hadiths, which is due to the ideas and beliefs of this Muslim thinker.

Childbearing is a very important concept in contemporary demographic theories, referred to as fertility. In order to describe and understand this concept, the current article has taken into account the views and ideas of Muslim thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Miskawayh, Al-Machr('39')arri, Ibn Sina, Khaje Nasir al-Din, and Ibn Khaldun, using the attributional method. This reseacrh is important as today’s university system of Iran is based on the principles of Islamic law hence; there is need for indigenous knowledge in all fields of humanities, including demography. The findings of the study show that all the thinkers have had paid attention to the issue of reproduction and its related forces. The importance of reproduction or generational reproduction in their view has been so importnat that they not only introduced fertility as a vital feature of women but also explained the first and foremost purpose of marriage as the human generational reproduction. They used religious verses and traditions to substantiate their views. However, Al-Machr('39')arri is an exception as he recommends men to abstain from marriage and childbearing. The analysis of the findings and results shows that the Muslim thinkers, despite discussing about childbearing and related phenomenon, have not provided figures in this regar and rather expressed their ideas theoretically. Of course, this should not be seen as a sign of the weaknesses of those great thinkers, but that was probably due to a limitation on statistical data in the past.

The purpose of this study is to show the women's experience of the modernization process in the local community by introducing a retrospective approach to women's status and dignity in the upgrading of modernization. Accordingly, the methodology of qualitative research (semi-structured interview and group discussion) has been used from the interpretative paradigm and the field theory analysis and information gathering tools. The studied population is women in rural and marginal local communities in Lorestan province (Khorramabad, Selsele and Delfan, respectively). Research findings indicate that the process of modernization in the local community is a function of the unbalanced modernization model. So that the most important consequence of this pattern, the uneven results, failure or misplacedness of the modernization project in the local community can be called because the dominant ideologies of modernization have not created a balance of power and have led to conflicting actions of acceptance and rejection. To the extent that local women have interpreted their lives as marginalized and powerless. In addition, their active subjectivity in the sphere of presence in society is conceived as a passive intuition in the form of a consumer culture, and on the other hand, despite the monotonous interpretations of gender inequalities, the interpretations of women in the local community suggest a kind of in-gender gender inequality that points There is a tendency for women to have a certain degree of convergence, since identified types of local women's needs are categorized into three categories of marital, family-oriented, and livelihoods-based on material-livelihoods. In addition, the prevalent narrative of the local community suggests that women's advocacy, adversarial, and sometimes militant movements and efforts in the community, in spite of the achievements that have been made for particular groups (middle and upper), are as satisfying and tailored to the needs. It is not a weak and subconscious stratum of society, because it does not consider this type of follow-up not only in the context of the real demands of the women's society, but also the increase in virtual reality and non-priority demands of a group of women with media, which itself suggests that world scenarios The common women, essentially theatrical Rick political and ethnocentric, imperialistic and are essential.

Achieving progress without having a collective life and engaging with other people and in the form of a multi-disciplinary interactive process is not possible. In other words, with the assumption of a society, in order to achieve development, one of the essential conditions must be provided: the presence of participation. A bond or partnership between members of the community leads to the development of society. Therefore, participation in all its dimensions, in particular social participation, is one of the requirements of social life. In this paper, participation in social dimension is examined. Therefore, it is important to achieve a precise cognition of the extent of social participation and factors affecting it and it is essential to achieve a sustainable development, especially sustainable development. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to study the social participation of people over the age of 18 who live in Amol city. The influence of factors such as power structure in the family, family orientation on social participation and the use of communication media on the level of social participation. In other words, we can say that the present article seeks to answer the following questions: a. What is the rate of social participation? b. What are the factors influencing social participation? The researchers are determined to identify the ways to strengthen social participation by finding a scientific and experimental response to the above questions, in order to portray the prospect for officials and practitioners in order to achieve a thorough and comprehensive planning on the path to urban and rural development. Take great strides.
Material & The research method is a survey and a cross-sectional research design, using a questionnaire technique to collect data. Based on the latest census in the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011, the population of the research is all individuals over the age of 18 living in urban and rural areas of Amol, which is 281,457. In order to select the sample size, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was calculated using Cochran formula 382 (222 samples in the city and 160 samples in the village). Finally, 386 questionnaires were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t test, analysis of variance and multiple regression) were used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software. In order to investigate the validity of the questionnaire, the faculty credentials were used and referring to experts in this field. Also, in the present study, to obtain acceptable reliability, Cranach’s alpha statistic, matched consistency and internal consistency of the questionnaire were provided.
Discussion of Results & Regarding the purpose of this study and the findings, the total social participation among respondents was moderate. But the rate of informal social participation is greater than the level of formal participation. Regarding the historical context of our society, it has been observed that traditional (informal) partnerships and collaborations have long existed among tribes, villagers, and townspeople in various mourning and weddings, as well as economic and livelihood activities. Also, the statistical results of the research show that social participation in the rural areas has been more than urban ones. The social participation between the variables of power in the family, the domestic media, education, socio-economic status and length of stay in the location and had a positive significant relationship. But the authoritarian power structure in the family, use of foreign media has been significant inverse relationship. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent variables to study social participation of citizens Amol played a major role in explaining and explaining the derived value of 24.1 percent.

The current study comprises the survey of comments and evaluations from students regarding the gender segregation plan which was done as a part of a comprehensive research about this topic. In the conceptual and theoretical framework of the research based on the works of Erving Goffman, Sandra Bem and others, and through criticizing the works, this study aims to examine gender segregation with an impartial approach. The statistical population of the research included students from Allameh Tabataba’i University, University of Tehran, and an all-female women’s university, from which 1350 students were chosen through a randomized and quota sampling based on gender, education, university and faculty. The results show that the majority of the students from Allameh Tabataba’i University and University of Tehran who were the most important recipient of this plan were resistant towards it. Only 13.7 percent of Allameh Tabataba’i students and about 13 percent of University of Tehran students has a positive attitude towards gender segregation in universities. This percentage reaches 31 percent in the all-female women’s university. 57.4 percent of Allameh Tabataba’i students have demanded for the plan to be terminated, and 59.1 percent of the students of University of Tehran are against the implementation of this plan at their university

Of the three basic phenomenon of fertility, mortality and migration leads to demographic changes, this paper attempts to analyze the concept of fertility among the ideas of Avicenna, a Persian physician and philosopher (370-428 AD) is. The method used in this study is a documentary-analytical method. The findings suggest that Avicenna in his books, in addition to discussing the role of women as those who are responsible for childbearing, That marriage is a legitimate basis for childbearing and divorce phenomenon in the breakdown of marriage, childbearing, disrupt legitimate, argued. The findings also suggest that he talk directly to fertility and family planning (such as proper age for marriage, ways to prevent pregnancy) is also proposed. He did not neglect health issues surrounding the phenomenon of fertility and fetal death during pregnancy, maternal death during pregnancy and childbirth spoken And to be quite detailed and technical and medical with a view to describing them.

The importance of family institute in society and its undeniable role in the transfer of culture and value based systems to the next generation has made the researcher study and recognize this social institute. Due to its significance, the sociologists consider their duty to do pathology and to settle its problems. On the other hand, the women are of fundamental role in this institute and the social and behavioral healthiness of women is effective on the health of family. The purpose of this article is the description of woman’s social status in the family relationships as well as the private domain through cinema.  Considering the mutual and reliable relationship between cinema and society which has been done numerous researches about that, it can be achieved an insight of changes on the intellectual patterns dominant on the society through the study of changes happened within the content of media productions. Relying on the viewpoint of Lakani psychology as well as the symptomatic reading, this article studies the way of representation of feminine identity in the movie, About Eli. The findings of research illustrate that this movie is showing a form of deviational identity seeking in women and consequently, the woman has no question about the other’s desire and is aware of what the other wishes and she considers herself as a means of fulfillment of this desire. Consequently, the other’s desire is thoroughly measurable and there is no ambiguity about it. In this situation, the gap between desire and joy is filled and the aim of woman is that the object is some kind of hideous joy that the other has attracted it in the symbolic realm.