علی باقر طاهری نیا

Influencing others and persuasion is an active and obvious element in human conversations. Therefore, reasoning is one of the distinguishing aspects of these conversations. Chaïm Perelman is one of those who, in the 20th century, following Aristotle, discussed oratory, rhetoric and the place of reasoning. We can consider Qur'ānic text as reasoning discourse that seeks to provide answers to discourses centering on beliefs such as death, the hereafter, bodily resurrection, etc. Rhetoric plays a significant role in the structure of discourses because it is linked with the use of language and styles that are related to the situation and conditions of sentence creation. In the argumentative concept, rhetoric is closely related to persuasion, and this is the opinion of many scholars of Arabic rhetoric, who do not consider it confined to the aesthetic and decorative aspects of speech, but consider it a situation-related event, which attempts to make the argumentative aspect of speech as fruitful as possible. Is. The importance of rhetorical devices in argumentative discourse is in the beauty that rhetoric creates for speech, which can stimulate the psyche of the audience. In this descriptive-analytical research, we have analyzed the rhetorical structures in the Madani surahs of the Holy Qur'ān using Chaïm Perelman's reasoning theory. The results of the research show that rhetorical constructs such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, and irony have succeeded in being effective in the minds of the audience and in leading them to the level of persuasion.

The current research was conducted to design and validate an efficient and consistent model for maintaining and improving the productivity of Farhangian University’ student teachers in the coronavirus situation.

The research method was mixed, consisting of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative part was phenomenology, and the quantitative part was a description of structural equation analysis. The research population included professors, group managers, and educational, cultural, and research vice-chancellors, as well as talented student teachers of Farhangian University in the academic year 1400-1401. The sample people were selected and interviewed in a targeted manner until the theoretical saturation reached 27 people. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population of the study was 94,726 student teachers across the country; using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 400 student teachers were selected from five regions of the country (two provinces in each region) and answered the questionnaire. SPSS26 and PLS3 software were used for data analysis.

In the qualitative phase of the research, 201 primary codes (basic concepts), 17 organizing themes, and six comprehensive themes were obtained under the philosophical requirements of productivity, integrated education requirements, technology platform requirements, student-teacher productivity, creativity and innovation, and quality culture based on the codes. The findings showed that philosophical requirements, technology platform requirements, creativity and innovation, and quality culture, apart from the requirements of combined education, directly affected the productivity of student teachers. Also, the requirements of maintaining and improving productivity (philosophical-integrated education-technology platform) in the university through creativity and innovation and quality culture indirectly affect the productivity of student teachers (education, training, and research).Conclusions and suggestions: Educational and research planners of the university can overcome the overall productivity by providing philosophical requirements, integrated education, and a technological platform with a deep understanding of the factors affecting the productivity of student teachers.

Innovation and originality:

 Designing an efficient model of student teachers productivity in the coronavirus situation is considered an innovation in the university.

Islamic Intelligence or according to the western and Arabic media, "Arabic Spring", is the mass of humanity revolutions and risings which is involved Arabic world in 2010. These revolutions and risings which were started on the track of youth self-sacrifice in Tuness; so that everyone had special meesages. These led to be running away the president in Tuness, to be killing Mamar Ghazafee in Lybia, to be falling Hussni Mobarak in Egpt, as well as it is called suppression, communlism and tribal Shiee revolution in Bahrain up to now. Generally, there are two main approaches and views concerning to nature of these revolutions and risings all over the world as: "Islamic Intelligence" and "Arabic Spring". Every one of them have their special partisans that each one refused the opposite approaches. In the same way, we have analysised the poets of 14thfeb movement by directional approach at investigation method of conential qualitive analysis in this study. These investigations show "Islamic Intelligence" theory about 14th Feb movement in Bahrain involves more strightness degree and same to it, "Arabic Spring" theory don't have any more.

One of the uses of language to influence others is to argue. Arguments are used to convince the audience because they try to persuade the listeners that a particular way of thinking is correct or it is in their interest to follow a certain view or belief. Different theories and viewpoints have been proposed about argumentation. The third model in the research studies related to this theory, which is an extension of Perelman's research that aims to revive Aristotelian rhetoric, examines reasoning within a discourse. In this approach, types of discourse in relation to argumentation are studied, and the methods by which oral and written discourse try to impact the audience are scrutinized and categorized. Since the Holy Qurʾān contains discourses centered on topics such as the rejection of polytheism and idolatry, the call to monotheism, the call to justice, the denial of corruption on the earth, etc., we can consider the text of the Holy Qurʾān as an argumentative discourse that seeks to reform. On the other hand, an argumentative text has features that distinguish it from other texts, one of which is the presence of two sides or a conflicting side in it, which is also a visible feature in the Qurʾān, especially in Surah Hud, which contains the dialogue of the prophets. Accordingly, this research article aimed to analyze the discourses in this surah drawing on the reasoning model of Patrick Charaudeau.

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the requirements of maintaining and improving the educational, educational and research productivity of student teachers in the corona situation with a phenomenological approach.

The qualitative research method is phenomenology.The environment of the research includes professors, group managers, and educational, cultural and research assistants, as well as talented student teachers Farhangian University in 1401. In this research, the sample people were selected purposefully until the theoretical sample was sufficient in number of 27 people (15 professors and 12 student teachers). Thematic analysis was used in the data analysis, the validity and reliability of which has been confirmed. In the process of conducting interviews, a total of 201 primary codes (basic concepts), 4 meta-themes and 17 organizing themes were extracted and analyzed.

The findings showed that the productivity of student teachers can be realized with philosophical requirements, Blended teaching and learning, technology platform and factors affecting productivity in the university, including creativity and innovation and quality culture. As a result, with these philosophical requirements; Understanding uncertainties, philosophical orientations, philosophical foundations of virtual education and the philosophy of reverse learning can overcome the educational, educational and research productivity of student teachers in Farhangian University in the corona situation.

By applying the requirements of maintaining and improving the productivity of student teachers in the critical conditions of the society, it is possible to see efficient and effective teaching and learning in Farhangian University.

Citizenship is considered as one of the legal issues that affects various legal and even extra-legal and extra-legal categories. Learning the citizenship of a child through the mother is one of the challenging issues raised in legal circles. The following article seeks an analytical answer to the question, what is the approach of Islamic Arab countries regarding the acquisition of citizenship of a child through the mother? Rakhman's hypothesis for the next few lines is that Arab Muslim countries are more inclined towards recognizing the citizenship of a child through the mother. In order to verify its hypothesis, the following article has used the descriptive-analytical method and has shown that in Arab Muslim countries, some of them believe in non-recognition, some believe in absolute recognition, and others believe in Conditional recognition of the citizenship education of the child through the mother. The present article has reached the conclusion that the course of the legislative process of Arab Muslim countries regarding the acquisition of citizenship of a child through the mother shows that the legislation in this area has moved towards more tolerance and this means that gradually The direction of moving away from the classical approach of absolute non-recognition of the child's acquisition of citizenship through the mother has moved. In fact, from the absolute lack of identification (thesis) and from the approach of absolute identification (antithesis), it is moving towards conditional identification as a synthesis.

The current research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the lived experiences of Farhangian University instructors on virtual education classes during the Covid time using a qualitative approach and phenomenological method. The participants of this research were faculty members teaching in ten regions of Farhangian University across the country, and they were closely involved in virtual education. The selection of the research sample was done using a "purposive" approach and the method of selecting "key" experts and using saturation criteria and in-depth interviews with 17 people. The obtained data were analyzed using thematic coding method and the findings were organized in the form of open, central and selective codes. From the total findings of this research, 102 open coding, 23 central coding and 6 selective coding were categorized in the context of Farhangian University instructors' lived experience of virtual education classes in the Corona situation. In general, the results of the research showed that based on the lived experiences of the instructors of virtual education classes during the Covid time, there were challenges in the components of the level of competence and technical skill of the instructors, the way of presenting the content, the management of the class, the way of evaluation and the emotional interactions between instructor and students.  Some of these challenges and obstacles were related to the Farhangian University, some were related to instructors and some were related to students. In general, it can be concluded that holding virtual education classes in the Corona time in Farhangian University was faced with such challenges as poor class management, seriousness and lack of real evaluation, lack of student participation, weak social interactions and weak infrastructure. In addition, the opportunities of holding virtual education classes can reduce stress, flexibility of time and place, saving time and money, more familiarity with technology and flexibility and dynamism in holding classes.

To do a proper translation, the meaning of the words that are the components of the sentence must be carefully explored. Therefore, it is necessary for the translator to use the knowledge of semantics to obtain the meaning of words. One of the semantic methods is dedicated to Izutsu theory, which is used in the field of Quranic vocabulary. In order to extract the meaning of words, Izutsu deals with the meaning of the word in pre-Islamic poetry and, with a semantic look, turns to textual definition, word substitution, contrasting words, semantic field, negative form of words, synonymy of expressions and usage in nonreligious context. This research, with the method of descriptive analysis, semantically examines the word " Doubt" using the first 4 methods of Izutsu. Through this research, it became clear that the word "rib" was used in preIslamic poetry, along with sequences such as "menun", "events", "time" and "eternity" meaning hard events, death, unpleasant events, and so on. But in the Qur'an, the phrase "Rib al-Munoon" appears only once. In religious and doctrinal concepts, the word rib has uses in the Qur'an, the true meaning of which is doubt through enmity and hatred. Therefore, in order to fully transfer the semantic units to the target language, a "descriptive" sequence has been proposed for it.

Critical discourse analysis as an interdisciplinary approach is one of the important theories in the field of discourse analysis. This method, which is used in the analysis of literary texts in addition to studying social issues, is rooted in critical linguistics. One of the most famous theories among various types of discourse analysis is Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis, which pays special attention to its situational and political context in addition to linguistic issues. In his critical analysis on three levels, Fairclough examines the description and interpretation of the interaction between context and discourse and explains how the two-way influence of social structure and discourse. The present study investigates the three levels of critical discourse of Najib Al-Kilani's novel Ras al-Shaitan by descriptive-analytical method and using Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis in orderto explain the author's desired ideology and discourse. The results of the research show that NajibAl-Kilani has expressed his point of view in this story by using the function of words and the semantic relationships between them, news and positiveverbs, and the use of metaphorical sentences. On the other hand, by taking advantage of intertextuality and recalling Quranic texts and Islamic themes, it seeks to explain the path of struggle and being steadfast in it. With a combative discourse, Kilani expresses themes such as standing against oppression and freedom, and by strengthening the spirit of struggle, he seeks to instill his own ideology and concepts such as achieving independence, freedom and standing against oppressive rulers.

Critical discourse analysis is a new cognitive field for challenging and exploring discourse and is a tool to achieve a full understanding of discourse, which is done by entering the hidden aspects of the text using the means and methods of analysis. The importance of critical discourse analysis lies in the fact that it integrates discourse analysis with the study of the environment that creates discourse and examines the dialectical relationship between discourse and power, and thus is an attempt to determine the ideological approach of discourse. Numerous theories have been proposed for critical analysis of discourse and related approaches, and analysts in this field, relying on a set of approaches and basic mechanisms for the final and ideal cognitive realization of this analysis, focus on the study of discourse. Norman Fairclough developed the study of critical discourse analysis by proposing contextual theory, and Laclau and Moff's critical approach is the most important approach to critical discourse analysis. The main feature of this approach is to study the roots of discourse and focus on the signs and the process of marginalizing, highlighting and crystallizing. Commentary on the study of the poetry of Ehab Shelby in this article, which critically examines the ode "Ayar Yuzhani"; The poet composed this poem on the sixth anniversary of its defeat in 2008, and the results of the research indicate that this poem is full of fragmented and floating signs that depict the negative realities of the Arab society and political conditions, and the purpose of these signs is to expose that it is a critical reality, and the centrality of its central meaning and articulation revolves around the axis of resistance, uprising, and the emphasis on the weak presence of Arab society in two different dimensions. Just as the poet marginalizes another alien and an isolated Arab who opposes uprising and mobility, he highlights the motivation and current that opposes it, by crystallizing the practice of confrontation and focusing on the sacred act of history that it can repel and expel the enemy, it does. In this regard, the contemporary Jordanian poet marginalizes another usurper and institutionalizes and emphasizes the right of the Palestinian people, denies the occupation of the land and the humiliation of its rightful owners, and ignores the Palestinian issue and the weak position of the Arab rulers Condemns occupation and rape.

Literary sociology or the sociology of literature is one of the new trends that have emerged in the field of literature and seeks to study the relationship between literature and society. Based on the descriptive analytical method, this article has targeted a sociological study of the novel “Al-Hariq” by Mohamed Dib, the contemporary Algerian writer, according to this theory. In this regard, elements of the semantic contexts of the novel are studied, such as knowledge of current and potential awareness of characters, problematic hero, and individual awareness. The point worth noting was that the characters of the novel did not transform throughout the novel and that their current consciousness did not transform into possible consciousness. At the end, must be said that Mohamed Dib has excelled in presenting the social picture of Algeria, and drawing the semantic contexts of the novel, which appeared in the social and political levels of the novel from the extreme poverty of the Algerian people due to the oppression of the French, the fatal cultural weakness, people’s efforts to change the situation and other social and political contexts that It influenced Muhammad Deeb and caused the writing of this wonderful novel.Keywords: Sociological study, structuralism, the contemporary Arabic novel, Muhammad Deeb, Al-Hariq.

Defamiliarization is a linguistic technique in which the speaker or writer tries to deviate from the standard language, which results in engaging the audience with some mental exploration, and thus provides the condition for a better understanding of the message to the extent that the effect will become much more significant than when using normal language. The Holy Qurʾan as a superhuman text has best used defamilairization in numerous instances and because of the importance of analyzing this technique in understanding one of the aspects of the miracle of the Qurʾan, this descriptive-analytical research, focusing on simile and allusion, attempts to scrutinize defamiliarization of substitution in the Qurʾanic ayahs related to the story of Prophet Noah (AS). The findings show that this technique has been effectively employed in the story of Prophet Noah in order to, among others, create exaggeration in the meaning and concept of ayahs, generalize the implications of ayahs, create excitement in the audience, generating mental exploration in them, and expand meanings and concepts of ayahs.

Today, with the astonishing development of mass media and their prominent role in education on the one hand and the epidemic of coronavirus on the other hand, virtual education has played a very important role in the world education system and this examines the strategies and challenges of virtual education. Reminded. Based on this, the present article uses the field-survey method and the method of collecting data questionnaires based on the Delphi method, examines the views of experts in the field of virtual education on the role and application of cyberspace in teaching Arabic in Iran. Accordingly, the respondents of the questionnaires were selected from hardware and software experts active in the field of education, university education experts in language departments, and professors and teachers of Arabic language at the university. After presenting the two stages of the initial questionnaire and confirming its validity and reliability according to the Delphi method, in the third stage, specialized questions were designed in three areas of necessary skills, required support and intelligent educational activities, which were presented in the form of the final questionnaire. The answers received were analyzed by SPSS16 software and the mean sample T-test; The results show the fact that the most important challenge in the virtual education of the Arabic language in Iran is not to look at this issue independently and separately, and therefore the most important needs in this field have been neglected. This independent view, along with benefiting from the experience of Arabic-speaking countries in the field of virtual teaching of the Arabic language and training of experts in the fields of hardware, software and education, can lead to the flourishing and vitality of virtual Arabic teaching. Creating a software platform common to all the organizations active in the field of virtual teaching of Arabic in Iran can be very useful in this regard.

Higher education as an organized and planned social system (Mazo, 2021) is considered to deal with all kinds of social, political, economic, and geographical inequalities in low-income and less-developed countries. This institution, as an institution that has the task of socialization, guides the seekers of knowledge in a defined process in the cognitive and psychological field and creates characteristics in him and several functions for it is listed (Shaoming & Hui-Shu, 2014; Mapulanga, 2014; Rezaei, 2019).What is the main mission of universities is a subject that is a subject of controversy and research not only in Iran, but also in the world community and the educational systems of different countries, and it has been raised as an important challenge. Challenges such as the diversity in Canadian universities, the abundance of environmental information and the early non-compliance of German universities with them, the risk of reputation, the size and international and research orientation or the degree of the academy in English universities, lack of uniformity, lack of clear direction, weak regulatory standards, lack of resources, and corruption have been introduced in Pakistan universities. This diversity in challenges led to generational paradigmatic changes in higher education and we are currently in the fifth generation. This generation sequence can somehow be attributed to the lack of understanding of the society's situation and the future compared to the real needs. Perhaps the idea of a Meta-generation University can be presented as an alternative for university generations. Meta-generation University is a university that is based on general, stable and universal principles and seeks to provide the basis for achieving the prosperity of the society by producing science, knowledge and technology. On the other hand, the issue of the academic authority of the university system is seriously emphasized in the 1404 vision document, the comprehensive scientific map of the country, and the fifth development plan. According to the research, reference strategy is identified with factors such as focus, capabilities, use of opportunities, competitive advantage, determining the scope of action and choosing the scientific field. These factors appear in the context of the university system, which is not captured by the passing waves in the scientific world and cannot forget its mission and mission despite frequent turbulences.Rereading the paradigmatic change of academic generations has at least a few clear messages: First, the university and the institution of science, research and culture, rather than being a driver, has determined and pursued its direction, subject to external developments, environmental conditions, and external requirements. Second, the expectation from the institution of science, research, and technology in the past periods has been superficial and partial, not fundamental and deep, and for this reason, we have witnessed major changes in academic generations. Thirdly, the classification of academic generations is affected by It has been the philosophy and worldview of the thinkers in this field. For this reason, with the rise and fall of philosophical theories and worldviews, these generations have been formed or gone out of center. Therefore, the classification of university generations is based on three keywords, which can be referred to as the triangle of inefficiency of universities, and those three terms are contingency, passivity, and expiration.To deal with the lack of stability in academic generations, the idea of a "Wisdom-based University" can be proposed. Wisdom-based University is an institution that is the starting point of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress. Imam Khomeini said in this regard: "If the universities are not repaired and our schools are not repaired, we have no hope of finding the Islamic Republic" (Jafari, Seyedjavadi & Zaboli, 2021). This active role of higher education and consequently the university system is because universities have basic scientific actors who conduct research at the frontiers of knowledge and establish scientific authority.The Nth generation of universities is based on three stable principles, which are comprehensiveness, multifacetedness, and intelligence, instead of the triad of contingency, passivity, and expiration. These three elements can be found more than any other model in the model of Wisdom-based University. In Meta-generation and Wisdom-based Universities, talking about generation as an approach or paradigm does not have an expiry date, but this particular university system aims to divide universities into different generations while accelerating changes. In today's environment, these classifications will be nothing but a fruitless attempt to accompany and harmonize with external developments, and we must seek to go beyond the definitions and limitations of generations, a great mission that is the truth of existence and deep insight is based on monotheistic and divine worldview, it should be at the forefront. This long-lasting academic generation emphasizes Wisdom-based Universities because it considers the mission of universities to be transcendental and trans-spatial. A university that seeks to build a society based on ethics and transcendence based on monotheistic naturalism for the education of a transcendent human being; and it is not built in response to problems, problems, and environmental issues. In other words, a Wisdom-based University does not act passively to define the environment of its mission and to give it a special generation title to create a new generation. It determines the mission of the society and human happiness

Literary criticism means the study, discussion, and evaluation of literary genres and can take the form of a theoretical discourse based on literary theory or a more detailed discussion of a literary work. Ibn Khaldun has dedicated the sixth chapter of his book "Al- Moqaddama" to its sciences and types and methods of education, as well as to literature and poetry in particular. One of the most important approaches of Ibn Khaldun is to pay attention to the concept of poetry and add a new subject to the theory of Arab poetry called "Queen of Poetry". He expresses the nature of poetry differently from other literary critics and balances the gift and queen of poetry in the scales of criticism and analysis. The purpose of this discussion is to examine the concept and nature of poetry from the point of view of Ibn Khaldun as a literary critic, in order to explain the difference between his opinion and others Finally, by examining the analytical-descriptive method of the critic's critical approaches and analyzing his views, a relatively comprehensive understanding of his literary-critical personality can be achieved. Ibn Khaldun's method of criticism is influenced by his historical attitude and considers time and place to be involved in criticism, and the acquisition and preservation of language as the factor of the poet's success.

Text linguistics is one of the most important studies that survey the text from the perspective of the criteria of text research. It has an important role in recognizing text from non-text. One of the most important criteria is cohesion which will be examined in three levels. These levels are grammer, vocabulary, and phonetics. Reference has the main presence in the text among cohesion tools such as ellipsis, subsituation, and conjunction. De BeauGerande believes it to be the most prominent criterion in the realization of context because it refers to the existing semantic relationship in the text that convert the text into a developed and interconnected unit. Reference in the text is made through pronouns, determinatives, Wh- clauses, simultaneity tools, and articles. Since the use of these items and their influence on the cohesion of the text is less noticed, this research surveys the references in the poem “Azab al-Hallaj” by Abdolvahhab al-Bayati. The results indicate that references have a significant role in the cohesion of the poem and its six sections with each other. Situasional references link the text to the external context and make the reader receive the meaning and link it with its references, while textual references have the important role of the cohesion of the poem and creating correlation between its different parts. In addition, Albayati uses a variety of reference tools such as pronouns, determinatives, Wh- clauses, simultaneity tools, and articles. Pronoun references are among the most frequent items which make the text coherent. Although the transposition of the roles between the two main characters makes it hard to detect the antecedent, it creates an excellent and coherent context.

The contemporary Iraqi poetry is a watery poem in great relief and the water is the backbone of contemporary Iraqi poetry The poet uses it intensively in his poetry. The presence of water in contemporary poetry ranges from a variety of different subjects. The subject of transit and transition is the general theme that in Jabouri's poetry is the vast presence of water and its tools on the poetry ground. This research is a journey of criticism in the world of Jabouri's poetic art and an attempt through the descriptive-analytical approach to study the transit passage. The result of this research ultimately indicates that the poet tries in his poetic formulations to obscure the act of crossing, moving and poetry at Jabouri carrying the obsession of crossing and moving. The passage and transition of the poetry of the poet the other meanings we address in this research Its facilitation in this field is the great use of water and its tools in its poetic formations and the presence of water, along with the movement and flow to the poetic scene, which increases its potential and semantic potential.

.Any text without an interpretive reading that shows the hidden meanings is a passive reaction. Using interpretive reading and a descriptive-analytical method, this study interprets the poems of Ali Jafar al-Alaq. The study mainly aims to get to a proper understanding of the poet's poetry and his ode “The Song of Lost Homeland”. Having a historical attitude, this ode analyzes the situation in the Arab countries and using artistic images, depicts the wounds of his land from the Andalus time to the present. In addition to the truth, the poet pays special attention to the innovative aspect of the language of poetry and, using a metaphoric language, paradox, synesthesia, and foreignization, strengthens the semantic and aesthetic burden of the poem. This ode is of important mythological and religious heritage and the poet use it to objectify the meanings and references of the poem. Moreover, different forms of music play an interpretive role in the ode. Using parallel forms in rhymes the poet tries to create beautiful structures. A connection between the references of title of the poem and the main body of the ode shows that using an intertextual title, the poet gives the readership all the meanings and content of the poem and reminds the betrayal and destruction of his home land.

Knowing enemy is one of the most central issues in hostile confrontations. In the Sirah of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Twelve Imams (AS), much attention has been paid to this issue. Among the infallibles, Imam Ali (AS) faced more enemies due to his five-year rule, some of whom had a brilliant record in the Prophet's time (PBUH). Among them were the Jamal companions, given their reputation among Muslims, it was challenging to prepare the army to confront them. In this research, using the method of qualitative content analysis and with a concise approach, the themes of Imam's sermons in the period before the war have been coded and categorized into three main categories: "predicting the defeat of the enemy", "condemning the enemy's misdeeds" and "political revelation about the enemy" in which Imam (AS) has used the most emphatic tools to convince the audiences. The frequency of the category of revelation has the largest share of Imam's words (AS). The highest frequency of topics in this category is dedicated to breaking the allegiance by Talha and Zubair, which shows the importance of this issue from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS).

The text of Imam Ali’s (as) sermons in the face of the opponents, in addition to the aesthetic dimension of its language structure, includes important epistemological and paratextual dimensions in its underlying layer. In this research, a combination of two methods, qualitative content analysis and Halliday coherence theory, has been used to study the text and the content of Imam Ali’s (as) jihadi sermons and determine the hidden layers of behavioral and natural aspects of the army of truth and falsehood. Accordingly, the function of the elements of lexical coherence in expressing the actions of the Companions of Jamal is more focused on themes such as doubt, treachery, and greed, and Imam’s (as) reaction to them can be summed up in certainty, patience, composure and trust in God. Also, during the Battle of Siffin, the cohering elements of words are related to the nature of the enemy, i.e. their inner disbelief, seduction, and militancy. These concepts are highlighted in contrast to the theistic, guiding and pacifist personality aspects of Imam Ali (as). Each of these themes has been emphasized in the form of different words and expressions through the lexical elements of consonance or recurrence, especially through synonymy and repetition.

In their effort to develop and to dominate the world around them, humankind have sometimes been overcome by temporal, spatial, and epistemological obstacles. Nevertheless, compared with the extent of the development of the early humans, modern humankind consider themselves successful and somewhat at the end point of progress. The passage of time, discovery and acquisition of new knowledge, however, have always been accompanied by the emergence of new unknowns. Therefore, in this process of constant struggle, humankind find himself faced with the question of which realm of science is beyond their reach, and should not bother themselves entering it. Relying on the Qur’anic knowledge and by scrutinizing the semantic field of the Qur’anic words and paying attention to the discussions of the philosophy of science, this article focused on the above-mentioned question, and concluded that except for the special science of the essence of the Almighty God and the sciences that have been forever hidden behind the curtain of the unseen by God's permission, other potential sciences can be conquered by human beings, and they must make their efforts to fulfill the will of God the Almighty, in accordance with the "position of the caliphate of God" for humankind and the divine “command to build on the earth".

Man has always tried to achieve new scientific findings in order to know more about the world around him to the extent that there is a direct relationship between scientific progress and change in lifestyle and human beings enjoy the phenomena of the universe. In the meantime, understanding the essence, the end and ultimate of science in its specific meaning, that is, empirical knowledge, has long been a great question for thinkers. Accordingly, some consider the infinity of science and some other believe in the full maturity of science. Each of the the Three linear, rotational, and hierarchical theories have believers who have explained the evolution and end of science from their own point of view, however,Qur'anic logic-based knowledge suggest a different manifestation of the end of science and the long horizon of the border of science production. It seems that scrutiny in the semantic field of the verses of conquest in the Holy Quran is a great tool to obtain a solid Quranic theory which is different from the common theories of the evolution of common scientific knowledge in the world. From the Quranic point, human being has the capacity and potentiality to achieve whatever exists in the skies and the earth, so the end point of human science is the realization of that potential power.

Semiotics which emerged in the early twentieth century by Saussure and Pierce is a science that examines linguistic signs. Semiotics is a broad and pervasive branch of divergent and convergent schools that analyzes the signs of semantic production. One of the most important branches of semiotics is social semiotics, which is based on the linguistic role of Michael Halliday and emphasizes the context of the text. The present study, which is written in an analytical descriptive manner, seeks to analyze the context of the poem “Al-Asha al-akhir” which is one of the most important poems of Amal Donqol, a contemporary Egyptian poet (1940-1983), based on the principles of social semiotics. The poem is the result of the years following the Six-Day War which was fought between Egypt, Jordan, and Syria in 1967. It depicts the turmoil and bitterness of the Arabs’ defeat and its consequences, as well as the corruption in the governments of Egypt and the other Arab countries. In this poem, the poet recounts the historical and mythological past and condemns the current situation in order to call for a change. With the aim of inducing his readers to act toward this change, the poet uses historical, religious, and mythological personalities in order to give a clear picture of his ideologies and of the situation in Egypt. The article argues that Amal Donqol, using his lingual strategies and influential power, creates an integrated critical discourse system against the domination of tyranny. He addresses social evils such as poverty, passivity, and the lack of freedom in the society, emphasizing the important role of the intellectuals in making changes in the structure of the society. In his discourse, along with the reflection of the unhealthy situation in Egypt and, in general, the Arab society, he always delegitimizes the ruling government.

It was said in the literary, historical and religious texts of ancient Iran that the owl was a blessed bird loved by them. It was said that a large part of the Zoroastrian Avesta was singing on his tongue; so that when he was reading this owl (Avesta) the demons and the Ahrman fled from his annoying cry, For fear of it. The Arabs considered the owl to be an ominous bird in general, absolute, as it suggests misery, misery and death, according to their intellectual and cultural resources. This pessimistic view was gradually leaked to the Persian, and was rooted in the perspective of the optimistic Persians and the writers and poets until they replaced them. The Persian literature and the Iranian poets' literature remained only a small fraction of that usual optimism. After Islam entered Iran in the Sassanian days and their beliefs in the Persian society, In this study, we seek to shed light on the influence of the culture of the pre-Islamic Arabs on the Persian poets in pessimism based on the theoretical principles of the French school in comparative literature as we try to show the motives of pessimism in the Persian literature influenced by the Arabs of pre-Islamic. One of the most important findings of this study is that the pope has an optimistic view of the ancient Persians, so that they attributed it to the blessed asceticism and sanctified the sanctification of the gods and raised it to the level of sanctification and worship. But this bird lost its positive face in the Persian literature gradually during the fifth and sixth centuries AH and beyond influenced by the Arabs of the pre-Islamic. We now do not see the optimistic spirit that is required to be present in the Iranian writers and poets except in some very rare cases we often meet negative images of the face of the owl completely.