علی زینالی عظیم

Tabriz city, like most big cities in the world, is facing complex problems in terms of population density, air and noise pollution, providing transportation services, social, economic housing and other issues. Therefore, the formation of a smart city based on smart criteria in the city of Tabriz based on big data can be a great help for government and city managers to determine the strategy of a smart city. The reason for the lack of success in the implementation of the smart city is the lack of awareness of the smart city and its management and the effective factors in its formation. Therefore, it is very necessary and vital to identify the effective factors in the formation of a sustainable smart city of Tabriz at this time. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors in the development of a sustainable smart city and its characteristics in the city of Tabriz based on a developed model. Achieving urban sustainability through smart cities is necessary to manage urban problems that threaten human survival. Smart city policies include various social, economic, physical and environmental aspects and provide the possibility of developing practical plans for urban sustainability. The purpose of this research is to measure the factors affecting the non-development of a sustainable smart city in Tabriz.

The research method is descriptive-exploratory. It is functional in purpose. The statistical population of the research includes experts and specialists in urban planning and professors. The sample size is 46 people. To analyze the data using the structural equation method, the final part describes the confirmatory factor analysis using the structural equation model (SEM). SPSS software was used for data analysis. SEM modeling was done using AMOS software. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model was conducted using various factors of sustainable smart city development such as traffic problems, parking problems, stormwater problem, waste management, road safety problems, pollution problems, drinking water problems and crime-related problems. AMOS software was used to perform structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results showed that the traffic problem with a factor load of 0.958 has the greatest impact and the flood problem with a factor load of 0.451 has the least impact among the factors affecting the development of the sustainable smart city of Tabriz. Also, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) was 0.946, which indicated the acceptability of this amount for the optimal fit of the model. The value of the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEA) was 0.057, which is acceptable considering that it is smaller than 0.08, and it indicates the confirmation of the research model. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CFA model is valid, and the selected parameters can contribute to the development of a sustainable smart city in Tabriz.

The biggest challenge in planning and constructing the smart city of Tabriz is identifying the real needs of the people, raising public awareness, especially among urban management, and explaining the mechanisms and benefits of smart initiatives. This includes understanding the people's share of these benefits and promoting public participation in areas such as traffic management, urban waste management, air pollution, and crime-related issues. Neglecting these aspects has negatively impacted the quality of life and general well-being of society, causing disruptions in service provision. This study offers in-depth knowledge on implementing various aspects of the smart city plan and suggests solutions for further developing the factors that contribute to the sustainability of the smart city of Tabriz.

Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development, extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been proposed to overcome this challenge. The smart growth strategy is an attempt to guide cities towards a more sustainable environmental approach. The method used in the present research is descriptive-analytical and survey-applied. Evaluation and ranking between regions were performed using Topsis and Anthony techniques along with ANOVA test. To evaluate the density of Tabriz city, Tsai method, Holdern model, etc. have been used. The results of the research show that two districts of Tabriz were ranked first with the TOPSIS 0.7358, and the seventh district with the Topsis 0.0479 was ranked last. Also, ditrict 4 of Tabriz Municipality with a TOPSIS score of 0.0928 has a semi-district. Also in terms of compaction, both the Tsai and the Holdern models show that the growth rate due to the city’s population has increased from 87.31% to 95%, which is a sign of more compactness of this metropolis during the period 1996-2016. Analysis of the coefficient of the surface of the buildings also shows that with the increase of this coefficient in the city of Tabriz, the density of this city has increased. The average of this coefficient for 2006 was 2.51 and for 2016 was 2.99, which indicates an increase in compaction and density.

Based on multiple definitions and cultural interpretations of smart cities, this study systematically collects the components, standards and development modes of smart cities in different regions of the world and provides a new integration of smart city dimensions and operational framework based on the development process with the aim of providing a theoretical basis. And it has provided a practical direction for the transition from the future development of smart cities and formulation of planning policies. The results of the research are as follows: (1) In the process of building smart cities, the countries that perceive smart cities are guided by their local cultures, and provide different perceptions of the definitions, components and standards of smart cities in different geographical regions; (2) Researchers have proposed different dimensions and combinations for the development of smart cities based on regional cultural, technological, and time contexts, with the aim of discovering how cities become smart. (3) With the accumulation of experience in the construction of smart cities, the individual-technology-culture dimension model, which is a combination of people, technology and culture, shows a better alignment with the requirements of smart city development around the world. This lays the foundation for the transition from theory to practice in creating the future operational framework for smart cities. (4) Based on cross-cultural geographical analysis, using the practical experiences of smart city projects in different countries and their progress rating levels, this study analyzes the challenges and opportunities facing smart city development and presents problems that They should be resolved quickly for more effective mechanisms of smart city development.

Introduction Housing price fluctuations in recent years in the country have had extensive negative effects on households and the performance of various economic sectors, these fluctuations have always had negative effects on production, investment, employment, and other economic variables directly and indirectly. Therefore, considering the basic effects of housing prices in big cities on the well-being of households and different economic sectors, as well as its effects in creating boom and bust periods in the housing market, the necessity of research in this matter is evident.The analysis of factors and components influencing the determination of housing prices and their correct management prevents fluctuations in the housing market and significantly increases the success rate of housing construction programs and desirable housing plans. It can be said that controlling housing price fluctuations requires knowing the factors affecting them. High housing prices seriously affect the quality of life of urban residents, especially the lower class of society. Today, due to continuous urbanization and social and economic development in Tabriz city, the problem of housing prices as a stable social problem should still be addressed and improved. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the factors influencing housing prices from the perspective of Tabriz residents. Factors affecting housing prices are organized by several variables specified in previous studies. According to the mentioned contents, the hypothesis is obtained that various factors are effective on the housing price according to the residents of the Cherandab neighborhood of Tabriz city. Analyzing the influencing factors and components in determining housing prices and their proper management in the neighborhoods of Tabriz can prevent fluctuations in the housing market to some extent. It can be said that controlling housing price fluctuations in urban areas requires knowing the factors affecting it, and one of these studies is from the perspective of urban residents. High housing prices seriously affect the quality of life of urban residents, especially the lower class of society.Materials and MethodsThe research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered part of applied research, and in terms of gathering information, it is survey research. The statistical population of 37,532 people in this research is the residents of the Charandab neighborhood in Tabriz City. According to Cochran’s formula, the sample size was 380 people. The samples were selected randomly. In this research, a questionnaire tool is used to collect data. After the above steps, data classification was done by analyzing structural equations using SPSS and Amos software. Cronbach’s alpha was used for the reliability of the questions. For data analysis, a structural equation modeling approach is used using Spss (version 19), Mplus (version 7.4), and Amos (version 22) software. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is one of the most original methods of analysis and multivariate analysis, which is used to examine the complex relationships between manifest and latent variables. It consists of two parts: the measurement model and the structural model. In this research, at first, using SPSS software, exploratory factor analysis was applied with the application of principal components extraction and varimax rotation, to discover the structure of factors influencing housing prices from the point of view of the residents of Cherandab neighborhood in Tabriz. Then, using the Mplus software, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used to confirm the exploratory factor structure and the fit indices were used to evaluate the fit of the final model obtained from the structural equation modeling approach. Confirmatory factor analysis has been used in this model because some of the observed data cannot be measured directly but have similar patterns in their values. This model was also used to evaluate the structure. This type of factor analysis tests the degree of conformity between the theoretical structure and the experimental structure of the research. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to reduce the number of variables and identify the main factors that are effective in determining housing prices.FindingsBased on the results of this study, it has been proven that residential satisfaction factors (HS) and household income (HI) have a significant relationship with housing prices. Because p values are less than 0.05, meanwhile, housing policy (HP) has no practical significance for house prices. The findings showed that among the three investigated components: satisfaction with housing and household income have an effect on the price of housing with a regression weight of 0.799 and 0.558 in the Cherandab neighborhood of Tabriz city, but housing policy with a regression weight of -0.252. It does not affect the housing price in any way. Among the following indicators, home buyers pay more attention to the security of the neighborhood, the level of crime in the neighborhood, the community of the neighborhood, and the internal and external structure of the houses. Providing housing at a reasonable price is always considered the most important necessity in urban housing planning. From the point of view of microeconomics, housing is a type of non-movable, heterogeneous, and location-dependent commodity. Compared to other goods, it is affected by various structural, spatial, and human variables in its valuation.ConclusionSeveral internal and external factors with direct or indirect relative effects have been associated with housing affordability. The findings show that residential satisfaction and household income have a significant effect on house prices in the Cherandab neighborhood. For this reason, residential satisfaction can be considered an important influencing factor on the price of houses in the Cherandab neighborhood of Tabriz city, that is, if the builders and sellers intend to have an excellent house structure, facilities, and environment for buyers in the Cherandab neighborhood. provide Tabriz, they should, first of all, consider the satisfaction of housing. In addition, household income also affects the price of houses in the Cherandab neighborhood through the commitment of the buyer to providing the money needed to buy a house. Despite the lack of direct influence of housing policy factors on determining the price of houses in the Cherandab neighborhood of Tabriz, it should still be given serious attention by the main actors of the construction industry. For example, the policymakers should make sure that the builders and sellers provide a suitable, safe, comfortable, and accessible housing environment for every family along with proper security, privacy, and health facilities. This study can be used as a home-buying guide.

To investigate the effect of aesthetic elements in the design of the educational space of pre-primary centers based on the instructions of the country's welfare organization and the adaptation of Iranian kindergarten spaces to the existing standards.

The current research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of main purpose and quantitative and qualitative in terms of practical purpose. Documentary and field sources were used to collect information. For the qualitative method, two schools, "36-grade Kindergarten, Hangzhou Gudon Road, China and Sebra Kindergarten (Vensild, Kolding, Denmark)" were analyzed, and a questionnaire was used for quantitative analysis. Out of 326 kindergartens located in Tabriz city, 20 kindergartens were the data were analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics.

The results showed that postmodernism in developed countries has been able to improve the quality of kindergarten spaces. But in developing countries like Iran, the quality level of kindergarten spaces is still at a low level, and postmodernism has not been able to bring the necessary effects in terms of learning and creativity to children in terms of aesthetics. Also, few findings showed that kindergartens in Tabriz city are at low level in terms using aesthetic elements and the existing educational spaces are far from the standards.

Kindergarten buildings are generally not designed for this use. In none of them, attention has been paid to the quality of space. Spaces are not responsive to children's spirit. In general, they do not have refreshing atmosphere and background to strengthen the child's sense of aesthetics.

Introduction :

This article aims to create a proposal for urban social criteria to improve the quality of urban life, based on the review of various well-known indicators used at the international level, with a special focus on the way to increase the quality of life through work on urban and social factors and indicators. It is assumed that working on these factors and indicators at the micro-urban level may evoke people’s satisfaction with their city. In addition, to increase the rank of Iranian cities in international indexes. In terms of quality of life social indicators, among 163 countries, Iran ranks 93rd after Turkey. However, unfortunately, it has a low rank, which indicates the average quality of life of its residents the main problem related to the issue of measuring the quality of life in the current quality of life evaluations is that no study has been conducted to identify whether Tabriz performs poorly in all the mentioned determinants or only in a few of them. Another issue is that the current quality of life indicators is that they work at a macro level where they consider the quality of life in a region at a great scale. If evaluation tools work more on the development of urban micro-scale indicators instead of macro indicators, the quality of life of people in the city may increase. 

 This research has a descriptive-analytical approach that uses a descriptive qualitative approach to identify the primary factors and indicators that provide the quality of urban life. In addition to the analytical approach to analyze the urban and social indicators about contemporary indicators that have been included in many international case studies, eight international evaluation indicators were also considered for brief content analysis by reviewing the literature. This review focuses on the existing academic literature and appropriate practices for quality of life assessment worldwide. The selected frameworks and indicators were chosen because they can be applied for implementation at different levels of the city. While this list may not be exhaustive, it attempts to systematically record and review the latest international research and practice on this topic. Then, the factors of each of them are examined, followed by a detailed qualitative analysis of their cities, and social indicators are shown. Then a comparative analysis has been done in relation to the main factors of these indicators. This analysis aims to identify the importance of socio-urban factors as well as a set of socio-urban assessment criteria that can help urban dwellers in discovering possible basic areas of intervention that may increase the quality of urban life of people, which is inferred through criteria. In addition, a survey of experts using a questionnaire was applied to verify the proposed criteria and rank their importance using relative weights according to the city of Tabriz. Experts were asked to rate the importance and relevance of indicators that provide each of the primary measures of eight urban social factors. The results of the questionnaire are also provided. 

According to the experts’ survey about the city of Tabriz, Safety, mobility, and recreational facilities are in the first rank of needed interventions. In addition, focusing on basic criteria such as recreation requires more green and public spaces, however, if it is applied to a specific community, the results may change and be more specific to the specific needs of the community. One of the main obstacles to international indicators of quality of life is that even though they are promoted as international indicators, there is no common definition of what should be defined as an urban factor and what should be considered an objective or subjective indicator. Sometimes recreation is considered as a factor with a set of indicators, while in other cases it is considered as an index to measure other factors. Housing as a field also has the same problem. When it is raised under life and physical security, it is considered as one of the main factors in another index, which is compared with an objective index such as the number of newly built private residential units and average sales price or with subjective indicators reflecting the quality and variety of sizes. Furthermore, as the sub-indices are derived from international indices, they will have a direct impact on the city’s score. The proposed dimensions and principles of the quality of urban life were determined with the aim of guiding and helping public policymakers, urban planners, and designers to improve the quality of urban life in a region, considering the need to create a layer of context based on the goals and approaches needed. 

Quality of life is a comprehensive concept that cannot be separated from the physical environment, and it is more accurate to mention it under the title of quality of urban life. You must have a concept of flexibility that includes different goals and methods. The quality of urban life consists of two understandable dimensions, subjective and objective, each dimension deals with a different number of factors that vary from one index to another, yet they deal with almost the same issues. The objective dimension of quality of life is related to the economy, health, politics, and physical components of urbanization, while the subjective dimension focuses more on people’s perception and their acceptance of current conditions and their desire to create those conditions if the goal is to improve the quality of urban life. Therefore, it is important to deal with the urban challenges that communities are facing.

Considering that local satisfaction is closely related to viability it can be expected that the environment and neighborhood relations in the neighborhoods of Tabriz have a significant impact on viability. Therefore, in this study, satisfaction with the urban environment and neighborhood relations in urban areas as factors affecting viability in the city of Tabriz has been studied. In this regard, the improvement of urban environments should be prioritized in a way that increases access to urban facilities and encourages residents to interact with each other. Considering that the neighborhood relations factor is known as an influential factor on viability, at present, this research presents an empirical analysis of the city of Tabriz. Tabriz is an example of a city that has experienced rapid urbanization and is becoming a model of development for many cities in Iran. Reflection on the factors affecting the residents' satisfaction with the viability of the city of Tabriz can have important consequences for many developing cities in our country. Therefore, to fill the existing knowledge gap, research questions are posed as follows: 1) How do satisfaction with the urban environment and neighborhood relations in the neighborhoods of Tabriz affect the viability? (2) What is the relationship between the neighborhood in terms of the mediating effect between satisfaction with the urban environment and viability?       

This article has been done using descriptive-analytical and survey method and using library and field tools. The data collection was done with a questionnaire, the statistical population of the eight city of Tabriz zone is 29384 people based on the statistical yearbook of 2016 and the sample size was 379 people, which was obtained based on Cochran's formula. In addition, respondents were randomly selected. Survey questions were created and modified based on a review of previous studies. Items were ranked using a five-point Likert scale. First, satisfaction with the urban environment was ranked in terms of accessibility, pleasantness and safety. The access factor was measured through the level of satisfaction with access to public institutions, cultural facilities, commercial facilities and medical facilities. Access was assessed for human perception and emotion. The pleasant factor was also measured in terms of satisfaction with green parks and the surrounding natural environment. The safety factor was measured in terms of safety from natural disasters, crime, etc. According to previous studies, the section on neighborhood relations included questions about the reliability of relationships between neighbors and the repetition and quality of their social interactions, and so on. In this study, accessibility, pleasantness and safety, which are sub-components of urban environmental satisfaction, were organized as exogenous variables, while neighborhood relations were classified as a mediator and viability was considered as an endogenous variable. All analyzes were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. On the other hand, structural equation (SEM) can determine the direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable. At this time, the indirect effects can be calculated by the mediator.

The results showed that by comparing the total effect of each factor on viability, the access factor had the greatest impact. In addition, the indirect effect of neighborhood relationships between safety and viability was found to be greatest. This means that greater satisfaction in neighborhood relationships can increase the impact of safety on viability. It was also found that the higher the satisfaction of the urban environment, the more positive effect it has on viability.

Therefore, in order to improve the quality of viability in the city of Tabriz, more attention should be paid to satisfaction with the urban environment and neighborhood relations.

Culture includes concept and value of life, approach to life and also the creation of meaning. So, culture contributes to the general elevation of "self-esteem" in a region, and socially develops a community. Besides, it is considered as a source of people's confidence and security. Urban plans and new models of urban economic development have been emerged along with the fifth wave of economic development in the last 20 years. So far significant advances have been obtained in our understanding of cultural development, urban designs, economics, and life cycles, from early efforts to embrace culture and the arts to achieve urban regeneration to public space, public art, and street revitalization and development of cultural industries. At the end of the last century, sustainable urban regeneration, which  cared much about the protection of historical-cultural values and the preservation of social context, gradually became the mainstream. District 8 of Tabriz, as the historical-cultural context of the city, has undergone many changes in the process of modernity and urban renewal, and many of the historical-cultural objects of the region have been either destroyed or deserted. Therefore, in this study, by considering the improvement of physical space and cultural heritage in Tabriz city and considering their related relationship as the cornerstone of urban development, we will examine culture-oriented urban regeneration.

The research method is descriptive-exploratory, survey based and has been done based on a questionnaire. Besides, the components and indicators of the case were categorized. The statistical population of the research is Tabriz city experts. The sample size includes 40 people, which includes 20 urban planning professors and 20 managers and experts related to the historical context of Tabriz city. In this research, the structural equation method was used for data analysis. The structural equation modeling is a powerful analysis technique that explains the relationships between multiple variables. Structural equations are able to examine more than one relationship simultaneously, which is different from other multivariate tests. Measurement model and structural model are two main components of structural equations. The measurement model examines the relationship between the measured components and the latent variable, while the structural model measures the interrelationships among the latent variables. For a better conceptual understanding of this model, the latent variables are divided into two types: endogenous and exogenous variables. The structural equations are defined with the help of the following basic model.

The results showed that 16 features might be used for the evaluation of  the level of satisfaction of three underlying variables at a significance level of 0.001. As a result, these characteristics are known as acceptable and satisfactory parameters that can be used for evaluating urban regeneration with a culture-oriented or culture-oriented approach. Further, the results showed that the form obtained the maximum estimation value (γ=0.85), followed by "Function" (γ=0.78), "Meaning" (γ=0.69). There is a high correlation between performance and meaning variables with loading (γ=0.715). The results showed that the reconstruction of the.

As a result, direct involvement of citizens in creating cultural events and activities are among the important factors that affect urban regeneration based on culture.The attribute "social participation" has a lower loading than other factors.Cultural resources are more related to residents' personal experiences and feelings, which are more likely to resonate with residents and reflect the depth of urban culture.As a leading part of the "revitalization of the historic part of the city", cultural-oriented urban regeneration is expected to solve the real problems of incomprehensibility of cultural information, lack of access to cultural places, and lack of use of cultural resources. then the innercity area is stimulated so that cultural destruction is avoided.

Today, despite the advancement of technology and the rapid expansion of urbanization, cities, especially urban neighborhoods, face many problems. Using of motor vehicles instead of walking, in today's world has become a norm of urbanization, and as a result, scattered housing has been built with multiple cores outside the walking axis, which has led to a widespread development and unstable lifestyle. In this regard, neighborhoods within the cities have lost their sustainability and attractiveness in terms of healthy life. One of the solutions seems to be to use the walkability of neighborhoods, which can improve the quality of neighborhoods in terms of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sustainability of neighborhoods focusing on the walkability to according to the needs of citizens in terms of life's quality in the Charandab neighborhood of Tabriz, and seeks to answer the question of whether planning and designing the neighborhood with the walkability (pedestrian orientation) has led to the sustainability of the Charandab neighborhood? In the field of pedestrianism and sustainable neighborhoods, different studies have been done separately, but the lack of studies on how to communicate and influence between these factors is the necessity and reason for this study which is the innovation aspect of research.
The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative using correlation strategies and content analysis and questionnaire and in-depth interview tools. The sample size of the questionnaire was obtained through Cochran's formula and SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis. Twelve experts were selected as the sample size for in-depth interviews and Maxqd software was used for data analysis.
Findings showed that from the residents' point of view, there was a significant difference between the sustainability of Charandab neighborhood with the walkability, and freedom and the right choice with a factor load of 0.93 have the greatest impact. After that, respectively, recreational places (with a factor load of 0.89), access to facilities (with a factor load of 0.86), safety and comfort (with a factor load of 0.82) and responsiveness of place (with a factor load of 0.73) are located. Also, there was a significant difference between negative perception and positive perception of experts. Therefore, the existing design conditions of Charandab neighborhood do not have a suitable context and the possibility of encouraging living based on pedestrian-oriented and sustainable life. According to the results of the survey of residents of Charandab neighborhood and interviews with experts, in order to sustainability of the neighborhoods, it is effective and necessary to apply the principle of compatibility in designing a neighborhood with walkability with emphasis on users' choice.

The smart facade system is known as one of the main elements of the building envelope with optimal efficiency, which is able to respond to environmental stimuli and seeks to improve the comfort of residents and optimize energy consumption. While building design research has addressed the technical aspects and design of smart facades, very limited historical studies have been conducted on the evolution of such systems. Therefore, the current research examines the factors affecting the design and development of smart facades in cities to optimize energy consumption based on a historical period. This article examines and classifies the effective historical components in the evolution of the design and development of the smart facade system using the historical hierarchy method. The effective components in the form of socio-cultural, technical, political, environmental and economic categories are caused by revolutionary changes in art, technology and building construction from the 19th century onwards. The findings showed that the historical timeline presented in this article is considered as a useful resource for researchers and educators in research and educational activities. Based on this table, the current development pattern can be understood and possible future events (trends) can be predicted. The timeline shows that smart facades can be used in the future on an urban scale for all neighborhoods of cities, which helps to improve the comfort of residents and improve energy consumption in cities.

 Smart cities provide better transportation and ease of access, improved social services, urban sustainability, and a better quality of life for their residents. Like most big cities in the world, Tabriz city faces complex problems in the field of population density, air, and noise pollution, providing transportation services, and social and economical housing. Therefore, the formation of a smart city based on smart criteria in the city of Tabriz based on big data can be a great help for the government and city managers in determining the smart city strategy. The reason for the lack of success in the implementation of the smart city is the need for more awareness of the smart city and its management and the effective factors in its formation. Therefore, it is very necessary and vital to identify the effective factors in the formation of the smart city of Tabriz at this time. The purpose of this study is to identify the living conditions in a smart city and its characteristics through the perception of residents (young people) of Tabriz based on a developed model. The criteria for choosing the city's young class is because young people play a critical role in the future of society, they play a major role in the process of creating a more stable and resilient city, and information and communication technology (ITC), which allows communities to adapt to the conditions that have arisen, grown and developed even when faced with difficulties.

The work method is quantitative-qualitative and includes two parts. A survey was conducted based on the theoretical aspects obtained in the review stage of the theoretical foundations and background of the research. The second was based on field studies using a researcher-made questionnaire. In the questionnaire, a five-point Likert spectrum scale was used according to the level of agreement or disagreement of the respondents (1 completely disagree; 5 completely agree), which were part of the structure of the theoretical model. Therefore, to ensure the achievement of a high-quality field to achieve the goals proposed in this study, a systematic literature review method was used, a well-known scientific research method that has been accepted by researchers in various fields. It is a research strategy that defines, from selection to analysis, all the steps necessary to conduct a reliable and accurate bibliographic review. In this research, the articles from authoritative databases were examined. According to these selected articles, the articles that did not belong to scientific journals were excluded. Therefore, after identifying the gap in the theoretical framework and considering the studies conducted on all aspects of the smart city, a study Exploration was conducted through the development of a bibliographic review with a qualitative approach as well as field research with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the research includes the population of Tabriz city, 1593373 people. The sample size was 384 people based on Cochran's formula. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) were chosen for the quantitative analysis. Then, a correlation matrix was used using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and its data was analyzed by Smart PLS software. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS software were also used for descriptive analysis.

The results of significant path analysis showed that all hypotheses are confirmed, as there was no significant difference between the main sample and the sub-samples produced by the statistical technique with critical limits for the t-Student test. When the operational definitions of "characteristics of smart cities" were analyzed, the path analysis of "characteristics of smart cities and the environment" was accepted with the highest β in both samples: the first sample (β=0.822) and the second example (β=0.793). This relationship is related to using information and communication technology to better protect and manage environmental resources and related infrastructure and to create more sustainability. In this context, the technologies developed in the city of Tabriz are considered factors that drive the efficiency of the city and enable the optimal use of resources and reduce environmental impacts, for example, by improving air quality. Citizens of a large metropolis like Tabriz (based on the selected sample) face daily problems such as roadblocks, poor public services, and poor sanitation, as well as air, water, and street pollution, which create disturbances and concerns that require practical solutions. On the other hand, according to the operational settings of smart city features in Tabriz city, the relationship between smart city path analysis features and the economy was the relationship that had the lowest value among all relationships in both sample 1 (0.627) and sample 2 (0.556) and confirmed that the smart city is an innovative urban ecosystem that is characterized by the extensive use of information and communication technology in the management of its resources and structure. However, it is necessary to broaden the concept of the economy with access and information to the people who participated in this survey so that they can be more active in issues related to the spirit of innovation, entrepreneurship, productivity, labor market, international integration,  and ability to change the company. Moreover,  a critical aspect of this structure is related to competition, so it is necessary to invest in the creation of these innovative environments (for example, rooms or co-working spaces) so that one can strengthen the interaction with young people. The results showed that in this model, it was possible to adapt all the features of smart cities. The characteristic of the environment was the case that showed the most relationship in contributing to city efficiency and reducing environmental effects on the quality of cities, and the characteristic of the economy was the case that showed the least relationship.

Finally, it is argued that overall efficiency in all features depends on citizen engagement in public life innovation processes. The smart city is different and useful from other solutions due to its success in the field of innovation, basically depending on the collaborative process that encourages the discovery and creation of ideas in developed environments.

The use of new technologies in the smart city, especially in urban spaces, is increasing day by day; Although most of these technologies have been accepted and praised as a sign of progress in life and a method for the comfort of living in cities, however, some people think that technologies have created disturbances in the city where they live. Therefore, in the implementation of the smart city, the opinions of the citizens and their concerns should be considered. The current descriptive-analytical research, using survey tools to achieve the goal of developing an attachment to urban places, seeks to answer the question of what is the relationship between emotional attachment to a place that is raised in two dimensions, traditional and active, with the adoption of smart technologies, especially In a case study, does it have an atmosphere? For the statistical population of Tabriz city, which is equal to 1593373 people, the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 384 people. The reliability of the questions with Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.88. Statistical software was used for analysis. The findings showed that the dimensions of daily monitoring technologies, empowering technologies, Covid-19 monitoring technologies, and active attachment with the influence coefficient of 0.412, 0.385, 0.316, and 0.301 had the greatest effects on location attachment with smart city technologies. and the lowest impact is related to attachment to a traditional place with a value of -0.191. As a result, the more the quality of monitoring (health) technologies and empowerment, of the technology of monitoring Covid-19, is improved, the level of attachment in the city of Tabriz will be improved in the same proportion.

Pedestrian service level is one of the most important components for evaluating facilities and services provided on the sidewalks. However, current research shows that qualitative characteristics can also help to estimate the level of service provided as perceived by pedestrians. Pedestrians' perceptions and expectations about the service level of walkways and sidewalks are very important, because it affects the level of satisfaction of pedestrians. This study investigates the most important influencing factors on the perceived level of service on sidewalks in Valiasr street, Tabriz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The statistical population of the research is pedestrians in Valiasr sidewalks street, and the sample size is 384 people which were randomly selected (snowball method). This is one of the first studies in Iran and the city of Tabriz, which uses the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to evaluate the satisfaction of pedestrians and, as a result, the level of services provided in terms of quality on sidewalks. The results identified four exogenous latent structures named "safety", "security", "mobility and infrastructure" and "welfare and comfort" which represent the main aspects of the level of service provided on sidewalks, among which factors security has shown the highest loading (γ=0.60). This study determined that parameters such as police patrolling, street lighting, cleaner sidewalks, sidewalk barriers and surface have an obvious impact on the level of sidewalk services. Also, the results of this study provide significant information to interpret aspects of the walking environment that mainly affect the level of services provided. This information can help urban planners to prepare new strategies that will increase the quality of sidewalks and walkways and thus make the city more walkable.

Smart city is the use of ICT-based governance and is now a widespread trend around the world. Using smart cities is expected to be more effective in managing complex, diverse urban problems resulting from rapid urbanization. However, in its implementation, many fundamental problems significantly affect the success of the implementation of smart cities, including the lack of adequate human resources, technology policies, etc. have not been effective. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of smart city in the city of Tabriz. The method of the present research is descriptive- analytic. The sample size is 384 residents of Tabriz. Structural equations with SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze information and data. The findings showed that studied indices have a significant relationship with the smart city at the level of 95% confidence that among the studied components, the most influential one on the smart city is the smart citizen index (SC), smart government (SG), smart life (SL) with extracted coefficients, respectively with 0.899, 0.825 and 0.799, based on the structural model of the research. The goodness of fit index is higher than 0.50 equal to 0.78, which indicates the optimal fit of the research. As a result, 6 indicators including smart economy, smart people, smart government, smart mobility, smart life and smart environment have been effective in the formation of smart city, and the realization of these factors will lead to the success of Tabriz smart city.

Problem Statement : 

Public service management in urban areas has become a determining factor in attracting and organizing the population. Proper management of this is essential to achieving citizen satisfaction. Meeting the expectations of people visiting a city is very important, because it can be decisive in deciding to stay in that place. Citizens' attachment to a city depends on adequate provision of public services.

This study examines the mental factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with municipal services. Three factors are considered: attachment to the place, quality of life and communication between the municipality and the citizens.

This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The conceptual framework has been developed using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results showed that communication has the greatest impact on public service satisfaction (total direct and indirect effects= 0.938), followed by quality of life (total effects= 0.315) and finally, attachment to the city (Indirect effect= 0.256) are.

Therefore, municipalities in order to communicate more efficiently and faster with citizens in Tabriz should use technological systems and create the necessary activities on them so that they can communicate effectively with citizens. In addition, public institutions should not use these tricks for irregular events or limited time periods such as elections.

Trying to understand the environment and the quality of urban spaces in the living environment is one of the most basic issues that urban thinkers should pay attention to due to the decline in environmental quality, especially urban spaces in terms of aesthetics and sense of belonging, to a lively environment and create to suit the moods and needs of users. With regard to this issue, the purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the urban environment with spatial attachment and aesthetic perception in the metropolitan areas of Tabriz.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The sample size is 384 visitors to Tabriz Clock Square. For the structural model, second-order factor analysis (SEM) of Amos software version 26 and SPSS were used.

The results show that in the final structure model, two components of environmental aesthetics (direct with 0.96 and indirect with 0.65) and sense of belonging directly (directly with 0.94 and indirect with 0.78 In total, with 0.93, they have been effective in improving the environmental quality in Tabriz Clock Square.

Therefore, there is a direct positive and significant relationship between the environmental quality of urban spaces with aesthetics and the sense of belonging of citizens, which are the cause and effect of each other in improving the environmental quality and urban spaces.

Due to the advancement of technology and facilities at the city level in recent years, large populations of people around the world have been moving towards urban life. It is estimated that by 2030, more than 60% of the world's population will have been living in an urban geographical location, so protecting the environment for sustainability in order to rapidly increase the world's urban population requires extensive knowledge of smart city initiatives. However, nowadays, city stakeholders, decision makers, planners and developers face insufficient information on the dimensions of a smart city to achieve a sustainable urban environment. The purpose of this study is to measure the acceptance of smart city as a solution to achieve urban and environmental sustainability in Julfa. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is applied in terms of purpose. The sample size is 25 IT specialists, city managers and professors of Julfa city. Cronbach's alpha and hybrid alpha were used for reliability of the questions. Structural equations were used to analyze the data using SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings show that intelligent life has the strongest effect with a path coefficient of 0.659 (0.433), followed by intelligent environment 0.439 (0.193), intelligent mobility 0.346 (119/11). 0), smart government 0.273 (0.740), smart people 0.240 (0.058), and finally smart economy with a path coefficient of 0.189 (0.036). The results of the analyzed survey data also confirm that the identified dimensions of the smart city can be implemented to facilitate the acceptance of the smart city in Jolfa and can lead to improved urban and environmental sustainability in Jolfa.

Quality of urban life (QoUL) is an important component of satisfaction with the general living conditions and has wide consequences in cities. The mental quality of urban life arises from the objective characteristics of urban environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the level of quality of urba life with an integrated assessment method of objective-subjective indicators based on the level of satisfaction with the fulfillment of needs. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The sample size is equal to 378 people of Shterban population, which is obtained through Cochran's formula. In this paper, the method used to assess the quality of life in urban areas is based on taking into account the basic needs of residents in the Shotorban neighborhood of Tabriz, which is derived from the Max-Nef Human Development Scale model. Because the quality of urban life is a multifaceted concept and in this regard should be thoroughly studied using an integrated approach. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. As a result, with the integrated assessment of quality of life in Shotorban neighborhood, it was found that the level of satisfaction is 6 out of 10 indicators used at an average level (50%) and above. 4 indicators are close to and below the average level (50%) of satisfaction, which in the end, the overall score of the integrated assessment was equal to (52.51%), which shows that the level of satisfaction with the quality of life in Shotorban neighborhood is at a moderate level.

Human life in cities depends on various factors, since human beings are social beings, one of the needs of human life in the city is social interaction, which to meet this need requires spaces in the city, where third urban places are the best space. For social interactions through spatial attachment. Therefore, the present article examines the relationship between attachment to places and third urban places. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The sample size is 305 visitors from Tabriz Elgoli. Amos and SPSS software were used for the structural model of second-order factor analysis (SEM). The results show that in the final structural model, the relationship between spatial attachment and the third urban place (Elgoli), two dimensions of participation (attractiveness and self-expression) %81.6, spatial dependence and spatial identity %79.2 social bond Constitute. In total, attractiveness and social connection account for 80.1% of visitor loyalty. Based on this, it is concluded that the third urban places (Elgoli) have been effective in the formation of attachment to the place, spatial attachment has been very effective in participation, loyalty, identity of the place, social bond and attractiveness in the third urban place (Elgoli).

The neighborhood is not only a place and environment for human and shelter activities, but also a phenomenon that human beings, in their interaction with it, give meaning to and become attached to. But today, the sense of belonging to the place in the old and historical neighborhoods is at a low level due to the negligence of the relevant organizations.

This study analyzes the factors and components of the sense of belonging to the place in Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and content of the work and is of survey type. Statistical population, population of Ahrab neighborhood of Tabriz, which is equal to 17952 people. The sample size of the Cochran's formula was 376. The sampling method is randomly simple. Cronbach's alpha wasused to examine the reliability of the questionnaire. To test the research questions, the normality of the data wasirst tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and after confirming the normality of the data, Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis wereused for the second time. The calculations wereperformed on SPSS and Amos software.

The fitness index (GFI) is 0.915, which indicates that this amount is acceptable for the optimal fit of the model. The root value of the mean squares of the estimated error (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable considering that it is smaller than 0.88 and indicates the approval of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) is 0.906, the Adaptive Adjustment Index (CFI) is 0.903, and the PNFI Index is 0.71, which all indicate the desired fit and confirmation of the research model.

Showed that the passage of time with a factor of 0.96 has the greatest effect on the sense of belonging to the place. It isfollowed by readability and accessibility, visual richness, furniture and equipment, emotionality, spatial quality, social interactions, beauty and symbols and identity.

Due to the urban sprawl in the world that has been created as a result of urban development. Extensive changes in cities and their populations have led to demographic and environmental crises. New strategies, including smart growth, have been proposed to overcome this challenge with the approach of guiding cities towards a more sustainable environmental approach. The purpose of this study is to measure the environmental sustainability of Tabriz based on environmental indicators of urban smart growth.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology; And data collection was based on library and survey methods. The statistical population of the study includes all specialists and professors of environment and urban planning in the city of Tabriz. The sample size is 25 experts. Structural equation method (SEM) was used to analyze the data using Smart Pls software.

The results showed that for environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, among the environmental indicators of urban smart growth, air pollution index, green space and outdoor space with coefficients extracted based on the research structural model of 0.825, 0.799 and 0.781 has the highest and waste production with a coefficient of 0.705 has the lowest impact.Discussion and

As a result, in order to achieve environmental sustainability in the city of Tabriz, much attention should be paid to environmental indicators of smart growth.

Promoting rural life The main goal of agricultural jihad and national development policies is to achieve sustainable development. One of the key aspects for the success of these policies is the possibility of monitoring the quality of life in all its social, economic and environmental dimensions and requires the implementation of tools that can identify the main dimensions of human satisfaction but this is very complex. People in the Rurales of Varzeqan township are based on the basic components with reference to the theory of "age" capabilities to prevent the abandonment of Rurales. The research is descriptive and observational through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the population of 10 selected Rurales in Varzeqan township. The sample size was 372 based on Cochran's formula. For data analysis of structural equations by heuristic and second-order factor method was performed using Amos and Spss software. The results show that the main determinants of well-being in terms of individual perceptions are economic conditions, security, environmental quality and educational opportunities. Welfare conditions in the Rurales of Khoinrood, Vanestan, and Chai Kennedy Khairuddin are very low, while in contrast, the Rurales of Verdin and Kasin offer the highest levels of welfare in the Varzeqan region. Focusing on the Rural of Khoinrood, we can see that this area offers the lowest values for the three main dimensions of the four main dimensions of welfare, which seems remarkable. As a result, to prevent the abandonment and emptiness of Rurales, double attention should be paid to the level of welfare and quality of life of rural residents.

With the rapid growth of cities due to urban sprawl caused by urban development, smart urban growth has become a city's urban development goals. This paper evaluates the physical development of Tabriz city based on urban smart growth indicators based on the collected data. The main question of the research is whether the application of urban smart growth indicators will be effective in the physical development of Tabriz areas? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it is survey in terms of purpose. TOPSIS and Shannon entropy models, Delphi technique and Likert technique were used for data analysis. The results showed that out of the three districts of Tabriz Municipality, District 2, 4 and 7, in Integrated Urban Smart Growth Index, District 2 had the best situation and District 7 had the worst situation. Therefore, low priority areas for future physical development planning in Tabriz should be considered and prioritized. Based on data analysis through Delphi technique, it was found that the best model of Tabriz's urban physical development is the centralized model model with the regional and neighborhood centered services and amenities. Also through Likert spectrum, the difference between the current and desirable status of physical development of Tabriz based on smart urban growth indices was compared to the existing status of physical development of Tabriz equal to (37/16) and physical development of Tabriz based on growth indices. Urban smart is in the ideal state (62/84). Which shows that applying smart urban growth indicators will be effective in physical development of Tabriz.