فاطمه اسلامی

Diabetes, as the most common disease caused by metabolic disorders, is associated with several compli-cations, including ocular complications. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the fre-quency of meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye in patients with diabetes.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the eye clinic of Farshchian Hospital (Sina) from December 2019 to October 2020 were included. Data were collected on the patients’ demographic characteristics, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c using a pre-designed checklist. The severity of dry eye was assessed by the tear breakup time (TBUT) test, while meibomian gland disorder and ocular complications were evaluated by a slit lamp.

In this study, 267 patients with type 2 diabetes participated. The mean age of the patients was 59.8 years, and 44.2% of them were male. Mild, moderate, and severe dry eye were observed in 34.1%, 18.0% and 5.2% of the patients, respectively. Grades 1, 2, and 3 of meibomian gland dysfunction were observed in 32.6%, 15.7%, and 5.2% of the patients respectively. Patients with poor glycemic control had higher se-verity of dry eye (p<0.001) and more meibomian gland dysfunction (p<0.001).

Dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction have a high prevalence in patients with diabetes mellitus, and more severe dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction are associated with poor glycemic control and longer duration of diabetes diagnosis.

Modern fertility procedures have taken a positive and important step in the direction of treating infertility and helping to increase the population. Furthermore, it provided the means to consolidate the family. However, among the many methods of infertility treatment and also during medical work, sometimes the multiple insemination of embryos causes difficult conditions that oblige the couple to reduce the embryos. Accordingly, "Is the reduction of the fetus legal in jurisprudence?" "Is it appropriate to sacrifice an embryo to benefit another embryo? "Doesn't reducing fetuses jeopardize the goal of increasing the country's population and the welfare of the society?" This paper aims to answer the mentioned questions utilizing the library method, examine the legitimacy or illegitimacy of fetal reduction, and check the expedients in this matter. From the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence, the reduction of the fetus has been legitimate. According to the rules of jurisprudence, including the rule of "Akhf al-Arwein," concluded that preserving the mother's life and reducing the fetus have more benefits and less harm.

Regular training improves cardiovascular diseases. However, performing home-based exercise and determining its benefits have been less inves tigated in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The present s tudy aimed to inves tigate the effect of 10 weeks of the gym and home-based combined training (GBCT and HBCT respectively) on indicators of central obesity and quality of life in men with primary hypertension.

Forty-six patients (48 ± 9 years) were randomly selected and assigned into three groups; GBCT (n = 16), HBCT (n = 15), and control (n = 15) group. The combined training program included resis tance, aerobic and s tretching exercises. Body composition was measured, central obesity indices were calculated and selected ques tionnaires were completed by all participants before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using appropriate s tatis tical tes ts at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.

Tri-ponderal mass index significantly decreased after GBCT and HBCT compared to that of the control group. The hip index decreased significantly after HBCT compared to that of the control group. Also, the body shape index and conicity index significantly decreased in the GBCT group compared to those in the HBCT group. Furthermore, the mean of the body adiposity index significantly decreased in GBCT and HBCT groups and the weight-adjus ted-wais t index significantly increased in the HBCT group. The quality of life and its different dimensions remained unchanged after the intervention.

GBCT and HBCT improve some indicators of central obesity; therefore, implementation of home-based exercise is sugges ted for cardiovascular patients.

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based exercise training on cardiovascular patients. For this purpose, Sid.ir and Magiran.com databases as well as the system of scientific and research publications approved by the Ministry of Science in the field of sport sciences were searched for domestic articles from 1380 to 1401. The keywords used for searching were "home-based exercise training (HBET)" combined with "cardiac patients" "cardiovascular diseases" or "aerobic training" or "resistance training". For English language articles between 2000 and 2022, PubMed, Megapaper, and Google Scholar databases were used. The searched keywords were "home-based exercise training" in combination with "cardiac patients" or "cardiovascular diseases" or "aerobic exercise training" or "resistance exercise training". The results indicate that the implementation of HBET, as an alternative or supplement to hospital-based supervised exercise training, or as part of home-based rehabilitation programs, is cost-effective, accessible, and safe. It also helps to overcome exercise obstacles and increases adherence to exercise training, therefore, by observing the principle of repetition, intensity, time, and type of exercise, probably cardiovascular patients can benefit from this training method.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of the lived experience of the interns of Qom Farhangian University. The "externship program" was first developed and implemented in 2015 as a part of Iran's teacher education plans. The program targets those who have completed their university education at other higher education institutions and have been admitted to the teaching profession through a recruitment test. This group have at least a bachelor's degree and it is expected that the training course will prepare them for working as teachers in the country's schools. This research was conducted by descriptive phenomenological method with homogeneous sampling and the information for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews. The data analysis shows that the "externship program" has been implemented with a complete deviation from the prescribed program. What has been done is an incomplete form of "undergraduate internship" that has been generalized to this course. Whether it is related to the theory of "deception" or "rival" or "generalization"; what has happened is a cause for reducing the social capital of universities and creating irreparable damage to the country's school human resources.

Schools are safe places in training people, and they play a very important role in providing a healthy and happy life for students. Therefore, these places should be ideal regarding health and safety. The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental health status of schools in Jiroft city in accordance with the national unifying plan in 2019.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 99 schools in Jiroft through census in 2019. To collect data, the standard school inspection checklist of the Ministry of Health was used. Data were collected by referring to schools and observing and interviewing the officials. Then, coded information were analyzed by SPSS 22 software.

The results for both urban and rural schools revealed that the highest health score belonged to food hygiene (100%) and the lowest was related to safety status for rural schools (50%). The rate of health status of tools and equipment was 84.61% for both urban and rural schools. In addition, the indices of building health in urban and rural schools were 87.5% and 71.87% respectively.

According to the results, the environmental health and safety status of the schools in Jiroft city was considered desirable. The indicators of food, personal, tools and equipment hygiene in urban and rural schools, as well as the safety index in urban schools, were highly desirable. In general, 85.8% of schools were considered satisfactory in terms of environmental health and safety indicators, whose improvement requires cooperation of related organizations in health and education.

There are a few options for lowering   intraocular pressure (IOP): medical treatment, laser therapy, and surgery. Although SLT is a safe treatment of glaucoma, some parameters may be affected by the SLT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SLT on anterior segment parameters and macular thickness in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).

56 eyes with newly diagnosed or uncontrolled POAG and OHT were enrolled. All the patients treated with SLT: 360˚. IOP, anterior segment parameters, and macular thickness in 5 zones were measured before and 1, 3, 6 months after SLT, and data were compared between both groups at different times.

IOP decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). There was an increase in macular thickness in the first and 3rd months after SLT. On the 6th month after SLT, all the measures except the temporal zone in the POAG group were back to pre-SLT measures. The central corneal thickness also increased in the first month but decreased in the 3rd and 6th months after SLT. Anterior chamber depth and volume also significantly decreased in both groups (p-value: (P<0.05) Anterior chamber angle also increased mild but not significant during the follow-up (P>0.05).

Although the selective laser trabeculoplasty is safe it may affect some parameters of the anterior segmen.

Educational environments are the most effective factors for physical growth, mental development, and learning of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental health status of schools in Saleh Abad district - Mehran city- using national indicators in 2017.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. Sampling was done by census method and collection tool was a checklist for assessing the health status of the school environment.The information was gathered by interviewing and direct observation. Excel software was used to describe the statistics and drawing the figures.

The overall health status of individual, building, safety, and equipment in the schools were 46.4%, 61.1%, 39.6%, and 79.3%, respectively, in accordance with the environmental health regulation.

The status of the doors, windows, and the floor of the schools courtyard was not in accordance with the regulations, which requires more attention from authorities and actions to improve the situation.

In this research, the possibility of asphaltene separation from the vacuum tower residue using the low cost industrial solvents such as 402, 404, 406, and 410 was investigated. In order to separate asphaltene the IP143/01 and ASTM D 3279-07 separation methods were utilized. In order to find the optimal state of asphaltene precipitation, Design of experiments software with three factors of residence time, the solvent-to-feed ratio and the volume percent of 406 solvent to the total solvent of 406 and 410 were used. The results showed that the effectiveness of each parameter in precipitating the asphaltene attributed to the ratio of solvent to feed, the ratio of solvent 406 to total solvent, and the residence time, respectively and there was a significant interaction between the basic parameters. The best asphaltene precipitation of 5.06% of 7.5% happens at the residence time of 36.97 hours, the ratio of solvent to feed of 35.95 ml/gr and the volume percent of 406 solvent to the total solvent of 27.20%. Asphaltene precipitation percentage for the optimal mixture of industrial solvents was 22.5% lower than the precipitated asphaltene from normal heptane solvent. However, according to the solvents price, industrial solvents (410 and 406) were approximately 50% cheaper than normal heptane, and hence on overall, there was a cost savings of more than 20%

Bloody diarrhea is an infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected people and through fecal-oral. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of cases of dysentery in the southern cities of Kerman province, south of Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, data of all patients with dysentery in the southern cities of Kerman province, south of Iran from 2016 to the end of 2019 (1,949 people) was collected using a checklist. This data was received from the bloody diarrhea registration software of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software and the geographical distribution of the disease was mapped by GIS software.

During 2016-2019, the frequency of patients in the age group of less than one year gradually decreased and in the group of 1 to 4 years, there was an increasing trend. The frequency of dysentery was decreasing in Faryab region and increasing in Ghale-Ganj region and no significant difference was observed in other regions. The findings showed that in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, 6.1, 13.7, 16.9 and 23% of the patients were hospitalized and 0.2, 0.4, 1.5 and 0.5% of patients were died, respectively.

Cases of blood dysentery in the southern cities of Kerman province, south of Iran have unique epidemiological characteristics that are different from other studies and indicate the need for more detailed study to identify the causes of this difference and develop some specific preventive and treatment plans appropriate to this region of the country.

Abstract Farhangian University internship curriculum has been implemented since 2016 in the form of a "training course" for the contract employment test of the Ministry of Education. This program seeks to provide the opportunity to experience the application of theoretical knowledge in a practical situation to become a teacher. The purpose of this study is to gain the experience of an "internship supervisor". For this purpose, in the form of a qualitative approach, the method of descriptive phenomenology was used. The study sample was selected from the internship professors of Farhangian University of Qom by Intensity sampling method and the necessary information was obtained through interviews . Based on the analysis of the opinions of this group, it can be said that the logic of the internship program is considered acceptable by this group, the goals of the program are appropriate and they believe that the projected method of this program is effective. And a good plan has been prepared to evaluate the effects of the program and the trainees' learning. However, they reported that the internship program had shortcomings that were primarily related to implementation. According to them, the implementation of the internship program faces problems such as the lack of training of the program's executives, including the tutor, group managers and related experts. To address these shortcomings, they have come up with corrective ideas, with education at the forefront.

Erosion, sediment yield (SY) as well as rainfall erosivity and vegetation cover show seasonality during a year. Basically, most SY occurs during high erosivity and poor soil cover periods. Therefore, in selecting crop and vegetation management programs at the basin level, it is necessary to underestand the temporal changes of erosivity and SY.

Two watersheds, Kasilian in Northern Alborz and Latyan in Southern Alborz were selected and their landuse maps were extracted. Then, spatiotemporal variations of NDVI for three hydrological years including dry, normal and wet years, were derived bimonthly form MODIS data. For estimating suspended sediment, we used a combination sediment rating curve and average daily discharge records. Erosivity factor, EI30, was calculated in the nearest gauging sites for both basins based on 1-minute interval rain records. Simultaneous to the NDVI, suspended SY and rainfall erosivity were computed. Then, based on the correlation of SY with erosivity and vegetation, the relationship was analyzed and finally, the appropriate time of exploitation for forests, rangelands and suitable crops with best ground cover during the erosion risk peaks was proposed.

In Kasilian, four main landuses were forest (97%), orchards, croplands and rangeland, and in Latyan, two landuses of rangeland (94%) and orchards were dominat. The average NDVI of Kasilian and Latyan was 0.67 was 0.13 respectively. However, the NDVI of similar landuses was measured to be about half and less in Latyan than Kasilian. For all landuses, NDVI reaches its lowest value in the colder months. Erosivity did not indicate a clear seasonal cycle, possibly due to occurring erosive storms even during the dry periods. The peaks of the SY did not occur at the same period of time in the studied years in Kasilian basin; while, for Latyan basin, the peaks were concurrent with snow melting and percipitation in the beginning of spring in all three years. In studied dry, normal and wet years, high negative correlations (-0.54, -0.45 and -0.85 respectively) were found between the NDVIs and SYs in Kasilian basin. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between the two aforementioned factors in the studied years of Latyan basin. There was also no correlation between erosivities and basin SYs. Finally, according to the SY cycle, June and July were proposed as the best time for grazing of rangelands and exploiting the forests in Kasilian basin, and early June to September were proposed in the Latyan basin to minimize the risk of erosion. Due to the high sediment production in the Latyan basin, the number of livestock entering the area and the capacity of the grazing should be more closely monitored. From the point of view of erosion risk, summer Soybeans, Canola and Wheat and Barley, were introduced as suitable and spring Soybeans as unsuitable crops for Kasilian based on to their growth stages.

For soil conservation and management and sediment yield prevention, it is essential agricultural products and the time of exploitation of rangelands and forests be planned and managed based on the erosivity and sediment yield cycles in a way to limit soil erosion.

The occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran as a significant revolution based on religious and cultural foundations has brought about profound transformations in all aspects of Iranian society. Cinema, which is one of the most important tools for creating culture in societies, has also been affected by this transformative process However, were laws based on religious and revolutionary principles formulated for managing the cinema domain, similar to other fields? Does the higher-level documentation of the Islamic Republic of Iran include a codified law regarding the portrayal of revolutionary values on the cinema screen? Which category of women's rights has been violated on the cinema screen? Has there been an executive guarantee for the representation of Iranian women on the screen in a manner contrary to Islamic and Iranian values in the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It appears that while Iranian cinema has not been untouched by the post-lslamic Revolution developments, shortcomings in terms of superficial es, lac comprehensive cultural policies, and led to distortion in the management of the cinema industry throughout four decades of different governments’ activities, with varying policies, approaches, and ideals. This research seeks to demonstrate and prove instances of women's rights violations in Iranian cinema by examining forty films produced over mare than four presenting the model of of the Iranian Muslim woman has been lost.

Hidrocystoma are benign adnexal cystic lesion originating from sweat glands (eccrine or apocrine) which are often observed in the head and neck. Periocular hidrocystomas are relatively uncommon which can occur as single or multiple lesions. There is no gender or race predisposition for the prevalence of hydrocystoma. Spontaneous resolution is rare, especially in large cysts, and definite treatment usually requires surgery and complete removal of the cyst wall.

Here we present the case of a 44-year-old male admitted to our clinic with mobile mass in lower eyelid and conjunctival cystic lesion which had increased in size over the previous 6 months. All other ophthalmologic findings were within normal range in both eyes. The mass was exposed by blunt dissection through the lower palpebral conjunctiva. Excision was continued by careful blunt dissection in order to avoid capsule rupture and the cystic mass was removed from the surrounding tissues. The dimensions of the cyst was 8x12x10 mm macroscopically. Histological incision revealed a benign cystic mass lined with a single layer of columnar epithelium which demonstrated eccrine hidrocystoma.

Although eccrine hidrocystoma lesions rarely involve the orbit, they should be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic swelling in periorbital region. If the lesion is completely removed without rupturing capsule (such as the patient in this case study), the recurrence will be extremely rare.

In this paper, natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) was desilicated to remove water from diesel fuel. Optimization of desilication conditions was done using Design-Expert 7.0.0 software and using response surface methodology. The parameters studied, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and the temperature and time of the desilication process were considered. After optimization of desilication process conditions, the water sorption percentage was 95.32% under the optimized conditions, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution 0.47 molar, temperature 84.05 °C and time of 2.42 hours. To carry out the process of water sorption from fuel, amount of 0.5% w/v of the desilicated zeolite (5 g zeolite/1000 mL of the fuel) was mixed with diesel fuel for 2 h and the water content was measured by the volumetric Karl Fischer technique. The natural zeolite and the desilicated zeolite in the optimum conditions were characterized by XRD, XRF, FTIR and SEM analyses which indicate well desilication process. The results of water sorption before and after the sorption process indicate the acceptable performance of desilicated zeolite.

Cataract is one of the most common causes of blindness in the world, and posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery. Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a standard method for the treatment of PCO. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Yas laser capsulotomy on anterior segment parameters and lenticular astigmatism.

In this randomized clinical trial study, a total of 37 eyes from 30 patients with posterior capsular opacity after uneventful phacoemulsification were enrolled and underwent Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Full ocular examination, including intraocular pressure and refractive errors, was performed on the samples. The AC depth, volume, and angle were measured by Pentacam before capsulotomy and 3 months following that.

Mean visual acuity improved preoperatively (0.505±0.276) and 3 months after capsulotomy (0.646±0.268); )P<0.001). Mean values of spherical equivalent and cylindrical powers were 1.304±0.268 and -1.142±0.881 dioptre before the procedure and 1.285±0.152 and -1.027±0.807 dioptre 3 months following the surgery, respectively. The difference in cylindrical and spherical errors was not statistically significant after the procedure. Mean scores of lenticular astigmatisms were 0.902±0.735 and 0.621±0.326 dioptre before and after capsulotomy, respectively, which was statistically significant (P=0.018). The changes in the Anterior Chamber depth, angle, volume, and mean central corneal thickness were not statistically significant after capsulotomy.

Laser capsulotomy decreased lenticular astigmatism and improved visual acuity. The changes in the AC depth might be a clue for associated complications, such as the changes in refractive errors, intraocular lens position, and intraocular pressure.

In this study, the effectiveness of play therapy in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder was studied.

In this experimental method, a sample of 30 male3 grader students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder were selected from Mashhad primary schools and then randomly assigned to two groups (15 experimental groups and 15 control group). The data gathering instruments included Child Symptom Inventories (CSI-4) teacher‘s form and Fallahchay writing disorder test. The play therapy was administered for experimental group in 10 sessions (40 minutes twise a week for 2months) and control group received no intervention and then again the writing disorder test was performed from both groups.

The results of ANCOVA analysis showed that play therapy is effective on improving spelling, handwriting and writing combination in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity.

According to the research findings or findings, it can be concluded that play therapy can improve spelling error by improving attention and other cognitive functions. Also found is that play therapy has improved spelling error by reducing the symptoms of attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Antibiotics presence in drinking waters causes health problems for humans. The present study investigated chitosan potential in the adsorption of antibiotic Metronidazole from aquatic environments. The current study was conducted in an experimental scale in a batch system. The effect of input variables including pH, operating time, chitosan dose, and Metronidazole concentration on the adsorption performance was investigated in a central composite design upon on response surface methodology. Isotherm and kinetic studies also were explored in optimum condition of inputs variables. To detect the residual concentration of Metronidazole, the DR 5000 spectrophotometer at the 320 nm wavelength was applied. The results showed that the adsorption process follows a second-order polynomial model with F-value=990.936 and P<0.0001, R2=0.9989 and Adj-R2=0.9979. The optimum level of independent variables includes pH=4.74, contact time= 60 min, chitosan dose=1.5 g/L and Metronidazole concentration=20 mg/L, in which the highest removal efficiency was obtained about 85%. In the following, it was observed that the adsorption process corresponds to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models with R2 value of 0.9965 and 0.9859, respectively. In this study, it was observed that the chitosan has a high ability in the adsorption of Metronidazole; therefore, chitosan compound can be proposed as neutral adsorbent with major potential in adsorption of Metronidazole and other similar antibiotics from aqueous environments.

Pterygium is a fibrovascular and wedge-shaped lesion that extends from bulbar conjunctiva to the cornea. Pathogenesis of pterygium depends on several factors and sunlight exposure is an important risk factor for this syndrome. Surgery is regarded as the key to successful treatment of pterygium. With this background in mind, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for the treatment of pterygium. Moreover, this technique was compared clinically with conjunctival autograft transplantation (CAT). In this randomized clinical trial, 70 patients either referred to the ophthalmologic clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, or diagnosed by an ophthalmologist with primary or recurrent pterygium were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, (n=35). One group underwent pterygium surgery using AMT and the other one was subjected to CAT. Furthermore, the inflammation and recurrence rates after surgery were compared in both groups. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version16) through the Chi-square and the independent sample t-tests. According to the results, the mean ages of patients in the AMT and CAT groups were 47.34±14.85 and 48.26±15.26 years, respectively (P=0.778). Moreover, inflammation was observed in 28.6% and 8.6% of patients in the AMT and CAT groups, respectively. The recurrence rates were 22.9% and 11.4% in the AMT group and CAT group, respectively (P=0.205) The AMT had a higher recurrence rate and postoperative inflammation, compared to the CAT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the CAT is widely used as a treatment for patients with pterygium.

Ocular biometry refers to the measurement of the axial length of the eye and thickness of the intraocular structures. This process is routinely performed for all patients before cataract surgery. The accuracy of the biometric data is directly associated with the refractive status after cataract surgery. Currently, two methods of biometry, namely ultrasound and optical biometry, are used to calculate the intraocular lens power. The purpose of this study was to compare the Lenstar and ultrasound biometry methods in determining the axis length and refractive error after cataract surgery. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 372 patients with cataract. The study population was randomly divided into two groups of Lenstar and ultrasound based on the biometry methods they received. A total of 17 patients were excluded from the study due to having mature and dense cataract. Therefore, the study was continued with 355 patients, 186 and 169 cases of whom were managed with ultrasound and Lenstar biometry methods, respectively. Postoperative refractive errors were evaluated in each patient 4-6 weeks after the surgery. The two groups were compared in terms of the mean absolute refractive error using paired sample t-test. The mean absolute refractive errors before the surgery were obtained as 2.38±3.93 and 2.19±2.68 diopter in the ultrasound and Lenstar groups, respectively, which were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.2). The mean axial lengths of the eye were 23.10±1.19 and 23.34±1.17 mm in the ultrasound and Lenstar groups, respectively. The two groups showed no significant difference in this regard (P=0.96). After the operation, the mean absolute refractive errors in the ultrasound and Lenstar groups were 0.56±0.45 and 0.51±0.38 diopter, respectively. This variable was not significantly different between the two groups after the surgery (P=0.11). The findings of this study revealed no significant difference between the ultrasound and Lenstar biometry methods in terms of determining the axis length and mean absolute refractive error after cataract surgery.

Congenital anomalies are the leading causes of infant death at birth and during infancy, and are considered as significant and costly health problems. Therefore, a national registry of congenital anomalies is needed to calculate health indexes because collecting and reporting birth anomalies facilitate assessment, and health planning. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the minimum number of birth defects at the national level for planning and controlling the anomalies. This applied and descriptive-comparative research was conducted in three phases in 2016-2017. That is, defining the registers of congenital anomalies in the countries of excellence, designing and validating a minimum data set using the Delphi technique. After the revision of elements in selected registries, a minimum data set was developed including 35 elements which were then, based on the result of the Delphi technique, reduced to 25 elemetns in four subsets including infant records, maternal records, maternal socioeconomic status and history of the anomaly. A national minimum Data Set plays an important role in disease monitoring and registry. It facilitates data collection and transmission throughout the country and enhances the potential for using data and responding to critical public health issues. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate the national minimum data set into the maternal and child systems (IMAN) to collect information about congenital anomalies more efficiently and comprehensively.

Car accidents are the second leading cause of mortality in Iran. For safe driving, drivers require minimum acceptable visual acuity. In Iran, the accepted routine test to take driving license is Snellen vision chart, which is not adequate for visual acuity determination in real and natural environment. It seems that introducing a more sensitive and specific screening test is necessary. In this survey, we studied whether adding contrast sensitivity test to the present screening protocol is valuable or not.
A cross-sectional study of 200 drivers presenting to the ophthalmologic clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, was performed during 2014-2016. The participants were chosen using the census sampling method. Complete ophthalmologic examination, visual acuity evaluation, and contrast sensitivity test were carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20.
The mean age of the participants was 39.6 years. The patients were allocated to a group with normal visual acuity and a normal corrected visual acuity group. The most common refractive errors were concurrent myopia and astigmatism. In normal visual acuity group, the percentages of abnormal contrast sensitivity (in increasing order of frequency) in appropriate lighting condition were 0, 8.3, 13.8, and 22.2 in the right eye and 0, 10.8, 16.21, and 18.91 in the left eye, and in reduced lighting condition, they were 0, 13.8, 33.3, 33.3, and 41.6 in the right eye and 0, 21.62, 21.62, 27.02, and 27.02 in the left eye. With normal corrected visual acuity, the percentages of abnormal contrast sensitivity test in normal lighting condition were 0, 14.28, 35.71, 64.28, and 64.28 in the right eye and 0, 7.69, 46.15, 53.84, and 84.61 in the left eye and 0, 50, 85.71, 92.85, and 92.85 and 0, 61.53, 76.92, 76.92, and 84.61, respectively, in low light condition.
It seems that contrast sensitivity test is a better predictor of visual ability in comparison with visual acuity, thus, it is recommended to be added to the vision-related driving license requirements.

Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by partial or complete adhesion of upper and lower eyelids. This condition is usually observed as an isolated finding; however, it is often associated with other anomalies or a well-defined syndrome. The etiology of this defect has not been identified yet.
Herein, we reported the case of a four-day-old male neonate who was unable to open his right eye at birth, which was due to adherent upper and lower eyelids as revealed in the physical examination. Family history of the patient was unremarkable. At sterile condition and under anesthesia, the adhesion of the eyelid was cut using a westcott scissor after holding the band of skin with forceps. Systemic and ocular examination did not reveal any abnormalities.
Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum is a congenital anomaly that can lead to amblyopia. The accompaniment of this defect with other congenital abnormalities may account for mortality. The early treatment of this anomaly through a simple surgery prevents amblyopia.

Chronic renal disease compromises of several renal involvements and several causative risk factors such as debates mellitus, hypertension, and old age. Ocular involvement seems to be related to chronic renal failure and hemodialysis as indicated by different studies. The aim of this study was the evaluation of prevalence of ocular manifestation in hemodialysis patients of Hamadan Besat hospital.
This research was a cross sectional descriptive study, in which ocular signs in 74 hemodialysis patients, who referred to Besat hospital of Hamadan, Iran, during year 2015, were evaluated. Collected information related to patients included age, gender, dialysis duration, and background risk factors of chronic renal failure. All patients had been exanimated by an ophthalmologist.
Fifty percent of patients in the study were male and 50% were female. Average age of patients was 58.8 years and median duration of dialysis was 40.16 months. Mean visual acuity was 4.58 (of 10). Most common ocular manifestations were: macula abnormality (59.5%), cataract (56.7%), eye pain (56.7%), eye redness (52.7%), dry eyes (50%), and eyelid edema (43.2%), respectively.
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most common causes of chronic renal failure. The most common ocular manifestations were macular abnormality followed by cataract. According to high prevalence of these complications in hemodialysis patients, regular monitoring of patients for early detection and thus effective treatment seems to be necessary to improve their quality of life.