فاطمه رحمتی

The teachers' interactive styles can play an important role in improving the academic and non-academic status of students. Therefore, the aim of this study was structural equation modeling of teachers' interactive styles based on the social adjustment and psychological hardiness with the mediation of mental health in students.

The study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The present research population was all eighth grade female students in Kangavar city in the academic years of 2022-2023 with number of 2417 people, which based on the Krejcie and Morgan table 379 people of them were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data collection tools were included the questionnaires of teachers' interactive styles (Wubbels, 1993), social adjustment (Sinha and Singh, 1993), psychological hardiness (Kiamersi, 1997) and mental health (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), and the data obtained from its implementation were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling methods in Amos software.

The findings of this study showed that the variables of social adjustment and psychological hardiness on the mental health and the variables of social adjustment, psychological hardiness and mental health on the teachers' interactive styles had a direct and significant effect. In addition, the variables of social adjustment and psychological hardiness with the mediation of mental health on the teachers' interactive styles had an indirect and significant effect (P<0.05).

According to the mentioned results, to improve the teachers' interactive styles, it is possible to provide the basis for improving the social adaptation, psychological hardiness and mental health of students.

Dear Editor,Artificial Intelligence (AI) is utilized for information management and forecast. However, the ethical challenges of using artificial intelligence should not be disregarded. Disrupting social justice, bias in programs, transparency and explainability, data safety, respect for human dignity and informed consent, error, and compensation are among the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence. Ethical auditing, creating ethical policies, making artificial intelligence accessible to all societies, and guaranteeing the global implementation of data protection and their implementation are among the appropriate ways to deal with the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence.

The attitudes and expectations surrounding marriage and procreation play a crucial role in determining the success or failure of marital relationships. This study aims to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and expectations regarding marriage among unmarried naval personnel in one of Iran’s military districts, as well as the relationship between demographic variables and these factors.

This descriptive-analytical study employed a convenience sampling method involving 100 unmarried naval personnel from one of Iran’s military districts. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes, and expectations related to marriage. The questionnaire consisted of 31 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale and demonstrated confirmed validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.82). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and eta correlation tests.

The mean age of participants was 27.5 ± 2.07 years, with a gender distribution of 74% male and 26% female. According to the participants, the average suitable age for marriage was 26.12 ± 3.15 years, while the mean suitable age for procreation was 28.86 ± 3.82 years. The mean knowledge score of participants was 37.65 ± 4.7, and the mean attitude score was 18.25 ± 2.9, indicating a moderate level of attitude toward marriage. Additionally, the mean score for negative marriage expectations was 31.58 ± 3.8, which also fell within the moderate range. Notably, men's knowledge scores were significantly higher than those of women (P < 0.01), and men also had significantly higher expectation scores compared to women (P = 0.04).

The findings of this study indicate that participants exhibit a strong interest in family formation and marriage requirements, along with a positive attitude toward marriage. However, various obstacles have led to delays in marriage among these young individuals. Therefore, further research is warranted to identify the facilitators and barriers to marriage within this group, enabling collaborative efforts between authorities and families to promote the values of family and facilitate the institution of marriage.

Depression literacy is an important concept and having adequate depression literacy can improve prevention, early diagnosis, intervention, and prognosis of depression. The current study is a short report on depression literacy in military personnel.

This was a cross sectional study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all military personnel who were referred to the psychology and counseling clinics of the military in Mashhad, Iran from May to September 2022, which included 1500 clients. Based on Cochran's sample size formula, 300 military personnel completed the depression literacy questionnaires of Griffiths et al. and the second edition of Depression by Beck et al. The findings were analyzed with SPSS-24 software and Spearman`s correlation test.

Among the indicators of depression literacy, awareness of cognitive-behavioral symptoms received the lowest score while awareness of psychological symptoms obtained the highest score. Moreover, having a history of depression and the military deployment had a significant effect on the component of the signs and symptoms of depression (P<0.05).

Psychotherapists in barracks should teach new soldiers about the symptoms of depression and what can be the underlying factors of depression in military personnel and soldiers.

Introduction : The Internet of Things (IoT) enables the connectivity of all devices in our daily lives, and it has had a positive impact on healthcare, specifically in disease diagnosis and prevention, especially during times of crisis. The objective of this research is to identify the factors that influence the use of IoT in combating COVID-19 in hospitals.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2023, using semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews with ten experts in health information technology and the Internet of Things. Data analysis was conducted using directed content analysis with MAXQDA software, version 2018.

The data analysis resulted in 124 codes, which were then divided into 32 subcategories. These subcategories were further classified into six categories according to the model of the International Telecommunication Union. The categories include Network (five subcategories), Application (ten subcategories), Equipment (four subcategories), Support (three subcategories), Management (six subcategories), and Security (four subcategories). The Application category had the highest frequency, while the Support category had the lowest.

Infrastructure and legal aspects are among the most significant factors in the implementation of the Internet of Things in healthcare, particularly in the fight against COVID-19.

The present research performed to estimate soil texture using visible near-infrared spectrometry in Semirom, Isfahan. A total number of 200 soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from the Semirom area (51º 17' - 52º 3' E; 30º 42' - 31º 51' N), Isfahan. The samples were air dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve, and soil particles percentage was determined in the laboratory using hydrometry method. Reflectance spectra of all samples were measured using an ASD field spectrometer. Different pre-processing methods i.e., First Derivatives and Savitzky-Golay Filter, Multiplicative Scatter Correction and Standard Normal Variable were applied and performed on spectral data. The Partial Least Squares Regression, Support Vector Machine Regression and Artificial Neural Network models were used to estimate soil texture. The best result was obtained for Silt estimation, with excellent values of RPD >2, R2 =0.98 and RMSE=1.08 using Artificial Neural Network model with MSC pre-processing technique. The results indicated the desirable capability of Artificial Neural Network model with MSC and SNV pre-processing techniques in estimating the Clay (RPD >2, R2=0.94 and RMSE=1.21) and Sand (RPD >2, R2=0.84 and RMSE=6.24) contents of the soils, respectively. In general, based on the results of this study, VNIR spectroscopy was successful in estimating soil particles percentage and showed its potential for substituting laboratory analyses.

Dear Editor,
Among the global health threats posed by the Covid-19 pandemic are the re-emergence of monkeypox, and Marburg. Recently in the first week of August 2022 in China it was reported that Langya virus (LayV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae under the genus Henipavirus. Research on LayV is needed to strengthen surveillance activities and identify hosts and reservoirs of animal species and adopt a sanitary concept to limit animal-human contact. LayV is an RNA virus that has a high mutability in its genome and the severity of the disease is reported to be relatively low; Also, due to the emerging nature of the disease, the reported cases are limited, and more studies and more detailed epidemiological research are needed to determine the possible human risks. However, appropriate preventive measures are necessary to control and limit the spread of the disease to other countries and regions.

Planning and scientific policy making is required for the investigation of scientific productions. Scientific productions are published through universities and research centers in the form of articles and research journals. Scientometric approaches are a tool to assess the performance of journals in different fields. The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of ergonomics journal.

The current research was a practical objective with the descriptive data collection method, which was conducted with a scientometric approach. The research population consists of all the articles published in ergonomics journal during the years 1392 to 1401. Publish or Perish, Vosviewer and Excel software were used to collect and analyze data.

A total of 296 articles from 724 authors have been published in Ergonomics journal during a 10-year period. The most articles published belonged to Hamadan, Shiraz, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti universities of medical sciences. The most effective authors in this journal were Rashid Heydari Moghadam (with 21 articles), Majid Motamedzadeh (with 20 articles), and Alireza Chubineh (with 15 articles). The most frequently used keywords were skeletal and muscular disorders with a frequency of 39, ergonomics 37 and anthropometrics 15.

According to the results, the number of citations of articles in this journal was at a low level. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the amount of international participation in order to index the journal in international citation databases and increase the citation rate of articles and the visibility of the journal.

Fertility in the country has reached below the replacement level, which has attracted the attention of politicians. Ideal fertility can predict actual fertility. Achieving ideal fertility can increase the current level of fertility. Marital satisfaction is one of the important determinants of fertility. The present study endeavors to investigate the effect of marital satisfaction on ideal fertility.

The present study was conducted quantitatively with the survey method. For this purpose, 379 married women aged 15 to 49 living in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas were surveyed. Sampling was performed by multi-stage cluster method. A questionnaire was used to collect data.

Women's marital satisfaction and the ideal number of children had a positive and significant correlation. The increase in the duration of marriage was correlated with the increase in the ideal number of children. The difference in the average ideal number of children by the education level of women was significant. The average ideal number of children of Sunni women was more than that of Shia women and women belonging to Fars, Lor, Turk and Arab ethnicities were less than women of other ethnicities. The results of multivariate regression showed that the increase in women’s marital satisfaction leads to an increase in the ideal number of children.

Planning to increase marital satisfaction of couples can help to achieve ideal fertility. Ideal fertility research can mean increasing the current level of total fertility in the country. Therefore, in the new population policies, along with encouraging policies to increase fertility, serious attention should also be paid to the family, spouse relationships and marital satisfaction.

Exercise and physical activity play a very important role in the general health of the people of society, including the mentally retarded. They are a deterrent that prevents their sports participation. Because the most important mission of physical education specialists and managers is to remove the barriers to the presence of people in society in sports. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of underdevelopment of public sports in people with moderate intelligence (autism, Down syndrome, mental retardation). Which was done using the foundation data theory. Participants in the study were officials from the Federation of the Disabled and Veterans, Sports Managers, Occupational Therapists, and Physical Education Specialists and Professors. Axial and selective were used. Based on the results of 170 codecs with 15 main categories and 40 sub-categories in the form of six dimensions of paradigm model including causal factors (5 categories), main phenomenon (intermediate intelligence and development of public sports), strategy (5 categories), background factors (2 categories), Intervention conditions (3 restrictive categories and 2 facilitator categories) and outcome (3 categories) were identified. Therefore, it is recommended to take sufficient financial resources as well as training experienced human resources to guide and encourage mentally retarded people to participate in sports activities.

The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training is one of the new types of trainings in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the ACT training on health promoting lifestyle profile in soldiers. 

 The present study was a quasi-experimental study which was performed in 2018 with a control group, pre-test, post-test and follow-up (1 month) stages. The study population consisted of 60 soldiers that were part of the revolutionary guards in Tabriz (30 for the experimental group and 30 for the control group) and they were selected by using the convenience sampling method. In the end, 30 people were considered for each group. A Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) was used to collect data. The ACT intervention was performed in eight 45-minute sessions by a clinical psychologist. 

The total scores of the health-promoting lifestyle and its six dimensions showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.43), but after the intervention, the total lifestyle scores were significantly different between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages except for the exercise variable (P < 0.05). Also, the study showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy training had a positive and significant effect on lifestyle with an effect score of 0.7 (P < 0.05).

Applying the ACT training due to its underlying mechanism such as acceptance, raising awareness, desensitization, living in the moment, observation without judgment, confrontation and abandonment, can increase compatibility while also improving lifestyle. The ACT training is one of the new types of training in psychology that can affect the lifestyles of soldiers.

Suicidal thoughts are one of the main risk factors for suicide attempts, so understanding the factors associated with suicidal ideation in soldiers can be important in preventing and treating suicide in military environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the demographic factors of soldiers and their experience of suicidal ideation.

In a cross-sectional study, 150 soldiers were selected from military barracks in Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province and answered the Beck Suicide Thought Questionnaire and the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire. ANOVA and t-tests were used to analyze the data.

The findings of the present study showed that among the demographic factors of age, educational status, indigenous or non-indigenous, marital status, and length of service only native or non-native soldiers have a significant relationship with the experience of suicidal ideation (T = -2.033, P<0.05).

The findings of the present study showed that the non-native soldiers reported significantly more suicidal ideation than the native ones and this issue should be addressed by the officials and psychologists of military centers through more support, including providing facilities such as granting long vacations, working in less stressful tasks and psychological care such as conducting preliminary screenings and holding individual and group counseling for non-native soldiers.

It is necessary to have a suitable tool for measuring the tendency to use the Covid-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire among health care workers of a hospital in Tehran, Iran. 

This is an instrumentation type of methodological. Fifty-six questions were considered as the items of the questionnaire. For testing the validity, the face validity and content validity were used in correspondence with 10 experts’ opinions. Reliability check was performed through the Cronbach's alpha and test- retest. Finally, the structural validity was evaluated with 474 subjects.

The results showed that the scales of the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire have an appropriate face validity for all items with an impact score higher than 1.5 and an appropriate content validity ratio in the range of 0.70 and a sufficient content validity index in the range of 0.73 to 087. Also, it had an acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) in the range of 0.87 to 0.96. Also, the reliability of the test-retest ranged from 0.68 to 0.92. For the structural validity, 8 factors were selected with a factor value higher than 0.4. Also, in the confirmatory section of the factors an acceptable goodness of fit index (GFI) (Range from 0.91 to 0.98) and the root mean square error in the range of 0.33 to 0.49 was achieved. In total, four questions were removed in the content validity ratio review stage and one question was removed in the content validity index review stage.

The results of this study showed that the tendency to use Covid-19 vaccine questionnaire has sufficient validity and reliability and is a suitable tool for evaluating the health staff’s tendency towards vaccination. Ultimately, this questionnaire was approved with 8 factors (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, ‌self-efficacy, knowledge and behavior) and 51 questions.

 Estimating soil properties on large scales using experimental methods requires specialized equipments and can be extremely time-consuming and expensive, especially when dealing with a high spatial sampling density. Soil Visible and Near-InfraRed (V-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has proven to be a fast, cost-effective, non-destructive, environmental-friendly, repeatable, and reproducible analytical technique. V-NIR reflectance spectroscopy has been used for more than 30 years to predict an extensive variety of soil properties like organic and inorganic carbon, nitrogen, organic carbon, moisture, texture and salinity. The objectives of this study were to estimate soil properties (carbonate calcium equivalent (CCE), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and organic carbon (OC)) using visible near-infrared and short-wave Infrared (SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy (350-2500 nm). In this study, the best predictions of all the soil properties, model and pre-processing technique were also determined. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine Regression and Principal Component Regression (PCR) models were also compared to estimate soil properties.

 A total number of 200 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from the Semirom region (51º 17' - 52º 3' E; 30º 42' - 31º 51' N), Isfahan, Iran. The samples were air dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve, and using standard procedures soil properties were determined in the laboratory. Accordingly, soil pH and the EC contents of soil samples were determined in saturated pastes and extracts, respectively. The CCE content of the soils were measured using back titration, and the OC contents of the samples were measured using Walkley-Black method. The Reflectance spectra of all samples were measured using an ASD field spectrometer. The selection of the best model was done according to the value of the Ratio of Performance to Deviation (RPD), the coefficient of determination (R2), and the Root Mean Square Eerror (RMSE).

 Once the models were constructed using PLSR, ANN, SVMR and PCR approaches, descriptive analysis was carried out for each property, for the data measured in the laboratory. The parameters calculated for the properties were mean, coefficient of variation (CV), minimum and maximum, standard deviation and range. Coefficient of variation for the organic carbon, CCE, pH, and EC values were 21.7, 12.4, 1.34, and 28.74, respectively. Wilding (1985) proposed low, medium, and high variability for the CV values less than 15%, 15-35%, and greater than 35%, respectively. Accordingly, the organic carbon and EC of soils could be classified in the group with moderate variability. However, the calcium carbonate equivalent and pH are in the group with low variability. Since spectral data preprocessing has an effective role on improving the calibration, in order to perform spectral preprocessing, two first nodes at the first (350-400 nm) and the end (2450-2500 nm) of each spectrum were removed. In addition, two interruptions were eliminated, due to the change in the detector in the range of 900 to 1700 nm. Different preprocessing methods i.e., Standard Normal Variable (SNV) and First (FD) and Second Derivatives (SD) and Savitzky-Golay preprocessing techniques were performed on spectral data. Then, using PLSR, the cross‐validation method was used to evaluate soil properties calibration and validation. According to Stenberg (2002), for agricultural applications, The values of RPD greater than 2 indicate that the models provide precise predictions, the values of RPD between 1.5 and 2 are considered to be reasonably representative, and the values of RPD less than 1.5 indicate poor predictive performance. The results indicated the desirable capability of the PLSR method in estimating the EC (RPD > 2, R2 = 0.94), CCE (RPD > 2, R2 = 0.88), and OC (RPD > 2, R2 = 0.89). The best results of the pH (RPD > 2, R2 = 0.79) were estimated by the SVMR method. In this study the best methods of preprocessing techniques were First (FD) and Second Derivatives (SD) and Savitzky-Golay filter.

 In general, based on the results of this study, VNIR spectroscopy was successful in estimating soil properties and showed its potential for substituting laboratory analyses. Moreover, spectroscopy could be considered as a simple, fast, and low-cost method in predicting soil properties. The PLSR model with First and Second derivatives and Savitzky-Golay pre-processing techniques seems to be more robust algorithm for estimating EC, OC, and CCE. The best results of the pH were estimated by the SVMR method with First and Second derivatives and Savitzky-Golay pre-processing techniques.

One of the natural disasters that threatens people's lives and money today is the flood. The Basin of Saqez Chay, which enter to th through the Shahid Kazemi dam, has undergone many changes over the course of about half a century, and we have examined changes in its magnitude and its impact on erosion and flood. In this research, hydrometric data, sediment, soil, satellite images before and after the construction of the dam, topographic maps and geological data were used. After pre-processing satellite imagery, ENVI software was prepared for land use and NDVI maps. Then the data was entered into the Arc GIS environment, and the necessary maps and physiographic characteristics of the basin were prepared. . In the next step, soil data, flow rate, sediment, and Raster maps entered the SWAT software, and the information needed for simulation was obtained and after the simulation with the SWAT CUP, the results of the Validation and calibration were obtained. the Efficiency coefficient of Nash–Sutcliffe was 0.44 and the values of these coefficients were 0.76 and 0.68. For the Validation period, the Efficiency coefficient of Nash–Sutcliffe was 0.68 and the values of these coefficients were 0.86 and 0.67, respectively. Considering the amount of sediment and water flow, it can be said that the Basin is flooding. The closeness of observed data and simulation shows that the SWAT model works well for the basin. Finally, it was determined that agricultural land with dense pastures and rangelands decreased by 134.2 and 1944.19 respectively, and Wasteland and residential areas were, respectively 16.1617 and 2.7222 Percent to be decreased.

In response to the increasing rate of suicides in the world's armies, which also has significant statistics, attention and focus on the development and implementation of suicide prevention interventions have increased. Accordingly, the present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing suicidal ideation of a group of soldiers.

In a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-and post-test design and control group, 24 soldiers were first selected using purposive sampling and then randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 12 people. Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed in the form of 10 sessions on a weekly basis for the experimental group. Data collection tools were Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI). The collected data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance methods in SPSS (V21.0) software.

Data analysis showed that brief cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly effective in reducing soldiers' suicidal ideation after the intervention (P <0.05).

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that brief cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing soldiers' suicidal ideation. Therefore, the intervention used in the present study can be used as an appropriate method to reduce suicidal ideation, especially in soldiers and militaries, in psychological centers.

Team Performance Observation Tool (TPOT) is a tool developed in the TeamSTEPPS that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of team performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of TPOT to measure the performance of teamwork in Baqiyatallah university’s health care workers.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 steps during 2020. Validity was assessed by using the translation and re-translation approach of the tool. In the second phase of the study, face and content validity was assessed by using a panel of experts with the presence of 10 health professionals. In the third stage, in addition to quantitative evaluation of face validity, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated in two dimensions of internal consistency by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and reproducibility via using test-retest. The study population in the third stage consisting of 44 faculty members, nursing managers and different departments of a military medical university in Tehran, were studied by purposive sampling. The tool TPOT has 23 items in five domains. Spearman correlation test was used to determine the internal correlation of the five domains of the instrument. The data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS ver 25 and Excel 2016 software.

In the content validity study according to the table of Lawshe CH, Waltz CF, Bausell RB the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scale and Content Validity Index (CVI) were calculated to be 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. The face validity check on the item impact score was also calculated and all were above 1.5. Also, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of all dimensions of the questionnaire was higher than 0.92 and the total instrument was 0.94. There was an acceptable correlation between all dimensions of the questionnaire. The results of the ICC evaluation also show that the intra-group correlation is at an acceptable level either in one step (0.89; P <0.001) or in repeated measures (0.97; P <0.001).

The questionnaire has an acceptable face and content validity and internal consistency in the military care community. Therefore, it can be used to objectively evaluate the team performance of different healthcare groups in Persian-speaking countries.

Nurses are exposed to high physical and psychological problems due to high workload. The COVID-19 epidemic has negatively affected their health and especially their sleep quality. This study aimed to compare the quality of sleep and the factors affecting it among Iranian nurses before and at the same time with the COVID-19 epidemic.

This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 175 frontline nurses in the fight against COVID-19 in 2020. Samples were collected using convenience sampling from two selected military and referral hospitals of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

The majority of the samples were male (64%), under 30 years old (41.4%), and with less than 10 years of clinical experience (58.9%). 96% of nurses had poor sleep quality. Comparison of the results of nurseschr('39') sleep quality with the same population before the time of the Covid-19 epidemic showed a statistically significant difference (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between gender, marriage, and interest in the organization with poor sleep status (P <0.05).

According to the results, nurses did not have good sleep quality. Paying attention to the mental health of staff, especially female nurses, reducing job stress through emotional, psychological, and organizational support to improve the quality of nurseschr('39') sleep is recommended.

Psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression are examples of problems that threat mental health of military forces. Current study was carried out for psychological assessment of a military sample in term of these problems and to find related factors.

A total number of 206 military personnel were selected through a convenient sampling from October to December 2020. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) along with a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis to assess likely associations between independent and outcome variables (stress, anxiety and depression). 

The mean scores of stress, anxiety and depression were: 4.7±4.6, 3.5± 4.3 and 3.9±4.3 respectively. However, around 16 and 10 percent of participants were diagnosed with severe and very serious states of anxiety and depression respectively and this percent was only 6 about stress. Assessing the relationships between the variables indicated some variables including age, time of military service, and marital status had significant associations with all these three disorders, whereas variables such as job type, military rank and health status had significant relationships at least to one of these disorders. 

Regarding relatively high prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in the sample under study, it is suggested that more exact studies to assess such disorders in different military forces be performed. The mental health promotion programs especially for high risk people such as those who are older or with higher years of service along with people with higher military ranks or those with chronic disorders are needed.

COVID-19 has been recognized as one of the important public health issues and affected many regions of the world. Assessment and improving health literacy regarding this pandemic disease may contribute to control its spread. So, the current study designed with an objective to measure health literacy in a sample of general population and identify the likely associated factors.

Using a cross-sectional study a number of 590 Iranian people included in a convenient sample who were users of nationally authorized social virtual networks were assessed.    A demographic questionnaire as well as Health Literacy Scale on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (51 items) were used to collect data. Student t test and one way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 24 were administered for data analysis.

The mean score of health literacy was 3.49 from 4 with SD=0.28. Measuring health literacy in the sample showed despite a relatively acceptable score in all domains, the score was higher in behavior domain. However, the scores in communication and analysis domains were lower than other dimensions. Also, based on findings factors such as age, gender, education level, academic major, and economic status were associated significantly (p<0.05) with health literacy.

Findings revealed that to improve health literacy of community on prevention of the disease further planning and educational interventions for theoretical domains of communication and analysis may be required. Also it is suggested any measurements or attempts toward health literacy promotion of Iranian population would be considered based on factors such as age, sex, academic major and economic status that may be associated with this concept.