فرح حبیب

A sense of belonging to an environment is an emotional connection that takes place between people and the external environment. Many studies have shown that the existence of this connection and its deepening between the person and the environment has a significant role in promoting the physical environment and the emergence of positive social behaviors. Therefore, recognizing the sense of belonging and the factors affecting it and ways to improve it is one of the issues that can lead to the improvement of living conditions and physical environment. Among the many factors that affect the sense of belonging, the time factor as one of these factors can be effective from two perspectives; Duration of residence and age of the environment. In this study, while researching the effect of each of these factors on the sense of belonging of residents, a comparison between these two factors and the intensity of the effect of each on the sense of belonging has been done. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in the six studied neighborhoods in Zanjan. The sample size was estimated to be 300 people using the Cochran's formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the sense of belonging in the study areas is moderate to low. The results also showed that the duration of residence and the age of the environment have a positive and significant effect on the sense of spatial belonging and its components. Among the variables, the effect of the environment variable on the sense of spatial belonging is greater than the length of stay, so that the age of the environment predicts 27.1% of the variance of the variable of spatial belonging.

Knowledge of behaviors and citizenship culture and how to improve them requires educational resources., Like a university for the development of many behavioral traits, the environment can be considered an educational resource. However, the current understanding of the educating cities’ physical component is not practical enough to provide educational means for citizenship culture classes in public spaces. Based on this, this study aims to formulate criteria, sub-criteria and physical component indicators effective on educating city with an emphasis on citizenship culture in Tehran’s selected public spaces.

This study uses a mixed analysis method, a basic descriptive (survey) method and context content analysis method. According to theories, instances, the five criteria were determined: the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility), the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests), the recreation area (educating citizenship participation), counseling area establishment (educating legalism), and cultural space (educating cultural rights). The required data were collected partly through field study and questionnaire distributing among 384 citizens in Tehran's selected public spaces in 1401, using a simple random cluster sampling (based on Cochran formula).

The conceptual model of the research includes the criterion of cultural space (educating cultural rights), including the sub-criterion of establishing a cultural space-museum in four indicators of choosing identity right, access to culture, cultural freedom and equality of rights, and in the form of fifteen items, the criterion of the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility) in the form of the sub-criterion of using the art-sculpture element and three indicators of progressiveness, conscientiousness and organization including thirteen items, the criterion of the recreation area (educating citizenship participation) also includes the sub-criterion of land development The game-group playground and four indicators of cooperative behavior, willingness to participate in citizenship, tendency to participate in citizenship and favoritism in the form of nineteen items, the criterion of the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests) in the form of sub-criteria of broadcasting educational statements and Installation of signs- and writings and includes two indicators of identification and altruism and seven items, the criterion of the establishment of counseling area (educating legalism) under the sub-criterion of holding a face-to-face meeting and four indicators of attitude to laws, feeling towards laws, Willingness to comply with the rules and follow the rules in the form of eighteen items and criteria with relative weights of 0/279, 0/278, 0/220, 0/134 and 0/088 respectively.

the criteria of the use of urban art (educating citizenship responsibility), the use of urban media (educating the preference of collective interests), the recreation area (educating citizenship participation), the counseling area establishment (educating legalism), and the cultural space (educating cultural rights) from the physical component of educating city plays a significant role in promoting citizenship culture in public spaces. The physical component can fulfill the educational responsibility that is also a burden on the cities. This component in cities is used as a tool to enable access to education through daily life and coexistence of citizens.

Education is a fundamental pillar in national systems. In developed countries, schools vary in diversity and educational objectives, but what stands out in our beloved country is the reliance on traditional education systems that, given the country's progress and people's demands, no longer hold the same educational appeal. Skill-based schools are those that focus on educating students based on their abilities and skills. The main purpose of the research is to explain the principles and conceptual framework of the design of skill-oriented educational and training spaces. The research method is considered in terms of purpose, application, and mixed research method, from the nature of exploratory-surveycorrelation data and from the perspective of inductive reasoning. which has been done with two qualitative statistical communities using the foundation data method and a quantitative community using the structural equation method. The sample size was 15 experts who were selected with a purposeful method and according to the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. After open and central coding, it was determined that the dimensions and categories of the arena are organization and diversity, social space, comfort and culture according to the theoretical and practical bases, the relationships between the drawn identification categories and the native skill-based model have finally been drawn in 4 main axes, 9 subcategories and 56 measures have been determined based on statistical analysis for a quantitative .

This study is applied in terms of purpose, utilizing a mixed research method. The nature of the data is exploratory, correlational, and deductive in the category of inductive research. The qualitative aspect of the research was conducted using grounded theory, while the quantitative aspect employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 15 experts selected purposively following theoretical saturation principles. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews.

After coding and thematic analysis, the main dimensions and topics discussed in this research include the field, organization and diversity, social environment, security and culture. Analytical software such as LIRZAL and SPSS will be used. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the skill-based school model can be a suitable solution for improving the quality of the educational system.

Designing skill-based educational spaces should focus on aspects such as appropriate location, spatial diversity, meeting students' needs, fostering motivation and technological integration, forming skill-based groups, and ensuring occupational security.

In the present era, environmental challenges have increased the necessity of reducing the temporal and spatial limitations of environmental education in cities, and the need for effective educational frameworks in this field is felt. In this regard, the current  Futures Studies research examines the criteria and indicators important in the conceptual model of the environmental component of the educating city in Iran which is based on global experiences, further, the present research aims to analyze effective criteria and indicators in the environmental component in the educating cities with the use of global experiences. This research is conducted with an interpretive philosophy, an inductive approach, and an applied strategy, employing a descriptive-content analysis method and utilizing mixed methods design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population consists of 30 urban planning experts selected through a convenience sampling method. The data has been collected through library and field studies and data collection tools of documents and expert questionnaires. The findings of the research, based on the content analysis of 10 successful global experiences and using the Friedman test and structural equations, showed that 6 criteria of awareness, attitudes, policies, skills, behaviors and social-environmental interactions, with weights of 3.71 and 3.54, 3.48, 3.45, 3.42 and 3.40, respectively, on environmental development and its dimensions, including protection of aquatic ecosystems, optimal use of natural resources and energies, environmental protection, urban green development, promotion of public health, preservation of biodiversity and waste management have been effective with 29.66, 28.11, 27.44, 23.33, 18.94, 17.36 and 6.70 units respectively. The results reveal that adopting a comprehensive approach by utilizing the city’s capacity as a platform for environmental education, focusing on enhancing awareness, skills, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as strengthening social interactions and reforming policies, can create a conducive environment for environmental education and achieve environmental development.

One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban appearance. Cities are affected by modernity under the influence of modernity, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception, presents us with a multidimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city life. This article follows the hypothesis that the physical identity shaping the contemporary architecture of Tehran emerges from the heart of the subject of the project and the physical identity is the result of the current conditions of society. What are the cities of Tehran? The research method in this research is qualitative survey and applied research and to answer the research question, first the library method to examine the factors affecting the formation of physical identity, then a questionnaire was asked from experts and professors of architecture. . The statistical population is 150 professors of architecture and finally, among the effective factors and has the highest priority in designing spaces with the identity of the physical structure of the spirit of the time, adaptation of form and function and attention to human beings in design, has the most impact.

Introduction :

Formal education as a foundation for further education is necessary but insufficient. Therefore, education should be brought to a space where all people can attend without any restrictions, that is, the entry of education into the city and its connection with urban life. In many countries, the city has been used for education and valuable experiences have been gained. Now, in Iran, some people need education. In this situation, in some cases, the limitation of access to education has led to the imposition of many costs. Despite the upcoming challenges, the capacity of the city as a platform and tool in the service of education to increase readiness in solving challenges has been neglected; Therefore, the problem of the current research is that in the topic of the educating city with the application of the socio-cultural component, the existing knowledge is not practical enough to create a suitable platform for educating adults and Citizens should act based on their learning from the educational resources of the cities. Therefore, in the upcoming research, an effort has been made to resolve the gap in the field of the city and the socio-cultural component of education by using the category of the educating city based on successful global experiences. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the mechanism of the sociocultural component of the educating city based on global experiences, and seeks to find answers to these questions: The conceptual model of the sociocultural component of the educating city in Iran is based on global experiences, based on what criteria and indicators? How are they prioritized? How effective are the indicators identified from the socio-cultural component of the educating city on each of the dimensions of lifelong learning? 

With an interpretive philosophy and an inductive approach, the present research is placed in the group of applied research (based on the goal) and descriptive of the type of content analysis (from the point of view of nature) in terms of strategy. Also, in terms of selection, it has mixed data (qualitative-quantitative), based on the time frame of the single-section method (in the second half of 1402), collecting its data using the library-field method and the tools of existing documents and documents. The questionnaire was for experts. Conducting this research was based on five steps: In the first place, this research, using the library method and the tools of existing documents, examines the theoretical concepts and selects and introduces 17 examples of successful global experiences from the teaching city according to various criteria (including access to the document valid, using a special program in it and achieving successful results). In the following, the background of the research was stated. At the end of this section, the conceptual model of the research was presented. In the second step, introduced experiences were compared, classified, and categorized by the method of content analysis and were presented in the form of criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component, including encouraging social participation, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, improving the quality of life, preserving cultural identity and creating ideological foundation criteria. In the third step, a questionnaire compiled for experts from the criteria and indicators identified from the sociocultural component was given to 10 experts (urban development experts) to give their opinions regarding the criteria and indicators selected to present and according to the mixed method (quantitative-qualitative), quality criteria and indicators be converted into quantitative numbers. In the fourth step, the reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach’s alpha test. Then, to measure the validity of the questionnaire, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. In this method, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) index and Bartlett’s test were used to confirm or reject the appropriateness of the desired data for factor analysis. To perform the exploratory factor analysis method, the principle component method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax Rotation method with Kaiser Normalization was used to rotate the factors. Then, research criteria and indicators were prioritized using the Friedman method, and after that, the impact of the indicators on the social, cultural, economic, and individual aspects of lifelong learning was analyzed using the path analysis method. In the fifth step, the conceptual model of the research was presented and finally, the conclusion was explained.

First, the reliability and validity of the research measurement tool (questionnaire) were ensured. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of the test revealed that the used questionnaire had the necessary accuracy and reliability. In the following, exploratory factor analysis was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. In this method, first, it was ensured that the number of data is suitable for factor analysis or not. For this reason, the KMO index and Bartlett’s test were used. The value of the KMO index was equal to 0/906 (more than 0/6), so the number of samples (number of respondents) was sufficient for factor analysis. Also, the sig value of Bartlett’s test was equal to zero (less than 0/05). This showed that factor analysis is suitable for identifying the structure of the factor model and the hypothesis of the correlation matrix being known was rejected. Further, in the exploratory factor analysis, the principal components method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax method with Keyser normalization was used to rotate the factors. The decision criterion for survival or removal of questionnaire questions from factor analysis was their extracted commonality values. In addition, eigenvalues higher than 1 and factor scores higher than 0/4 are considered decision criteria for question classification. In the following, according to the analyses carried out, with the achievement of the extracted commonality value of more than 0/5 for all questions, it is not necessary to exclude any of the questionnaire questions from the factor analysis. In addition, according to these analyses, 6 criteria with a characteristic value higher than one were extracted, and all the questions related to the socio-cultural component of the educating city were included in these 6 criteria. Also, considering the factor loads of the questions, each of the questions had the highest factor load in the same factor that was determined in advance. Therefore, each question measures the same factor for which it was designed, so the questions of the questionnaire have the necessary validity. Friedman’s test was used to check the importance and rank of the criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component of the educating city. According to the results, among the criteria of the research, creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity are respectively weighted 3/71, 3/54, 3/48, 3/45, 3/42 and 3/40 are the most and least important. 33 research indicators were assigned different weights respectively. In the last part of the findings, the path analysis method was used to investigate the impact of research indicators on lifelong learning. The test results showed that the research indicators were effective in lifelong learning with a path coefficient of 0/7 on the social dimension, 0/51 on the economic dimension, 0/50 on the cultural dimension, and 0/44 on the individual dimension.

Educating cities has an essential role in the education process by emphasizing the socio-cultural component. By creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity, these cities provide a suitable platform for the development of lifelong learning processes and they reduce the obstacles related to the time and place limitations of education and this makes it possible for everyone to access it more easily. In addition, by overcoming challenges and emphasizing potential, these cities offer educational opportunities to various groups in society, including minorities, the disadvantaged, and the elderly. As centers of educational opportunities, these cities contribute to the development of society by improving the level of knowledge and awareness of citizens. The investigated indicators of the sociocultural component of the teaching city directly affect the 4 social, economic, cultural, and individual dimensions of lifelong learning. These results show that the social and cultural actions and activities that are carried out to improve the platform of an educating city, can directly contribute to the promotion of lifelong learning processes.

Introduction :

The city is conceptualized as a living entity, serving as the safest habitat for humans, with its characteristics and attributes understood through human perception. This perception fosters various emotional connections between individuals and the places they inhabit or visit. In contemporary society, dominated by images and perceptions, visual and auditory impressions convey significant messages to audiences. Urban branding emerges as a strategic approach to enhance the recognition of a city’s architectural richness and to promote its history, spatial quality, culture, and lifestyle.This concept plays a crucial role in developing urban policies and strategies, simultaneously pursuing economic growth and acting as a channel for the city’s identity. Each city in Iran possesses a unique reputation shaped by its specific capacities, facilities, and potentials, distinguishing it from others. This distinction often arises from prominent architectural elements and landmarks within the urban environment. Cities lacking distinctive features strive to redefine their identity through architectural revitalization.This study aims to investigate and compare the primary architectural components that influence urban branding in the cities of Yazd and Rasht. Such an examination is deemed essential within the fields of architecture and urban planning. The research intends to assess the impact of architectural elements on urban branding, focusing on Yazd and Rasht as case studies that differ in climate, culture, and scale. Additionally, the study seeks to answer the question of how architectural components affect the branding of these two cities.

In this study, the researcher aims to collect, analyze, and interpret data obtained through observation and interviews. To achieve this, both deductive and inductive approaches are utilized. Given the research questions and objectives, it was necessary to examine the theoretical model and its criteria. The portion of the research that relies on prior assumptions regarding urban branding employs a deductive approach. Conversely, the inductive reasoning in the study is evident in the observational section, which examines criteria directly from case samples, independent of previous studies. This approach aligns with the interpretivist paradigm and qualitative description.The research method is applied in a practical context and is based on qualitative content analysis. The researcher seeks to answer the question of how architectural components influence the branding of the cities of Yazd and Rasht. To facilitate this, a five-item Likert scale questionnaire was designed to compare the impact of architectural elements on branding between the two cities. Additionally, a simple random sampling method was employed to select the samples.

The reliability of the questionnaire developed in the study was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, calculated through the SPSS software, which also served as the data analysis tool. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha value exceeded 0.70, indicating that the reliability of the questionnaires is confirmed.In light of the urban branding strategy and the positioning of architectural components influencing urban branding, the study examined each defined sub-component in the two sample cities, Yazd and Rasht. The results from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS.The findings reveal significant differences between the architectural components affecting branding in Yazd and Rasht, particularly concerning elements such as color, urban facade, historical texture, urban imagery, materials, location, and socio-cultural phenomena. However, no significant differences were observed between the two cities’ climate and urban policy components.

Urban branding has emerged as a global trend actively pursued by governments, with cities worldwide striving to enhance their identity and image. This enhancement is predicated on the assumption that individuals already possess preconceived notions about a city. The mental image of a city is shaped through perceptual processing and the imagery that individuals associate with it, indicating that people have pre-formed images of their favorite cities. Urban branding not only aids in establishing urban identities but also inspires new innovations.Consequently, older cities with distinct cultural heritages and recognizable architectural features tend to be more popular than those lacking such characteristics. Cities that do not possess unique features are attempting to improve their global standing by reconstructing their architecture and creating new identities. A unique urban brand signifies the presence of one or more symbols that can imbue urban spaces with new meaning and identity.Research indicates that the historical urban fabric in Yazd is recognized as a primary influencing factor, while in Rasht, the historical urban fabric and cityscape hold significant importance, albeit the impact of these factors is more pronounced in Yazd than in Rasht. This study also analyzes other components such as materials, climate, color, location, and socio-cultural phenomena, concluding that the socio-cultural component has a more substantial influence in Rasht compared to Yazd. This disparity highlights how climatic, cultural, and scale differences between the two cities affect the impact of architectural elements on urban branding.A comprehensive examination of the architectural micro-components influencing urban branding in Yazd and Rasht reveals that all these elements play a role in the urban branding process of both cities through architecture, though the degree of influence varies. This underscores the complexity of urban branding as a strategic process that integrates various factors to foster a city’s unique identity and enhance its competitive advantage in a globalized context.

The model of construction and development of urban areas as a platform for strengthening solidarity and social bonds and consequently social sustainability should be formed in accordance with the biological needs of its residents. These biological needs that shape the quality of life of citizens are defined in different parts such as residence, work and activity, recreation, social interactions and etc. From another angle, urban development and urban planning based on this school is an evolved set of various components and mixed uses that can be well exploited in the development of traditional neighborhoods (TND) as a local model. The main goal of the research is to recognize the pattern of traditional neighborhood development (TND) based on the local schools of urban planning in Iran and specifically the principles of Tabriz school in urban planning. According to the objectives and components of the study, this research aims to expand Tabriz school of urbanism in the traditional neighborhood development and to present and apply a local model in the construction and development of urban neighborhood too. For this reason, this research uses the developmental-applicative combined method based on the type of goal. The research method based on the type of analysis is considered in the category of quantitative research. The results based on the TOPSIS method show that the infrastructure and facilities of the neighborhoods, the physical structure and the economic structure respectively have the first to third priorities in the of traditional neighborhood development according Tabriz school and based on the regression results, the multiple correlation coefficient is 0.815 and the corrected coefficient of determination is equal to 0.815 and this value shows that 81.4 percent of the changes in the traditional neighborhood development can be predicted through the principles taken from the Tabriz school of urban planning.

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model to use the biomimicry approach in design of building envelopes to improve urban ecology. The research was descriptive-analytical and the required data were provided by library and field studies of buildings designed with biomimicry approach. For this purpose, first, biomimicry approach was identified, then twenty samples of biomimetic envelopes were examined, then components and criteria were extracted. The dependency system of the criteria was measured and the importance of each criterion was determined using a network analysis process with a survey of twenty experts in this field and they were weighted with the help of Super-decisions software. As a result, for functional, physical, and formal components, the relevant criteria and sub-criteria were determined according to their importance. Then, a conceptual model of quality evaluation of building envelopes with biomimicry approach was developed. The novelty of this research is the study of biomimicry approach in Iranian envelopes with nature-oriented design. In this regard, using a quality evaluation model, Barin ski building was evaluated so that according to its strengths and weaknesses, designers can make more effective decisions in design of biomimetic building envelopes in Iran.

Islamic Azad University, as an educational institution that has been established for more than a quarter of a century, has a wide role in the growth and development of education and raising the level of education and excellence of people in Iran because Training of human resources to enter the labor market is one of the activities of universities, including the Azad University, and this activity has a great impact on the growth and development of the country. And he himself was affected by this growth and development, and this growth is much more tangible physically in the university. Islamic Azad University in its path of growth and development took the environment with it and not only affected the body and its surroundings but also in most small and medium and growing cities was able to impose itself on other uses, the path of city development And became a factor in determining how new tissues are formed and old tissues evolve. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and the study method is descriptive and analytical in terms of method and nature. The method of data collection was library, documentary, and field studies and the community of the study included 370 residents of the surrounding neighborhoods, but to ensure 400 questionnaires were explained and 385 questionnaires were fully answered, to analyze the information from analytical software spss and excell are used. The results show the impact of the university in economic, physical, social and cultural dimensions.

Nowadays, one of the factors that cause confusion and visual clutter is the presence of urban facades with an abnormal appearance. This heterogeneity is more visible in the facades of Iranian cities, especially in Tehran and in the vicinity of the main local streets. It is crucial to deal with the issue of which parts of the facade have caused visual clutter and to determine the most effective visual component of the facade in this regard. The current research has been carried out to explain the position of facade architectural components and their effect in creating visual clutter and compare the effects in urban and single facades. The present research method is a case study, survey, and coding. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the effects of extensions, materials, windows, forms, style and ornaments, lines, and doors in creating visual clutter of the urban and single facade were investigated. In order to identify and compare the effects of components, questionnaires and field studies were used, and SPSS software and Friedman's test were used for analysis and ranking. The method followed in this research is innovative in the field of pathology and provides a model for the studies of the pathology of facades. The results of the research show that the difference between the impact of the criteria in creating visual clutter of the urban and single-facade and different sub-criteria of the single-facade and urban facade components are effective in creating visual clutter. By analyzing the results of Friedman's test, it was determined that the lines in the urban facade with a score of 5.28. and Extensions in a single facade with a score of 5/20. They have the greatest effect in causing visual clutter. Moreover, it has the least impact on creating visual clutter in the urban facade and single-façade door.

Among geographical regions, cities are increasingly becoming champions. Their competition to establish their reputation as the best choice for visitors, investors, and businesses is intensifying. Some cities possess unique features creating a distinct image in people’s minds. The present paper is aimed at identifying the most influential architectural components in city branding of Yazd and subsequently comparing and prioritizing them based on their impact.

The research is conducted through using a questionnaire prepared for two groups: 1) a group of 35 specialists and 2) a group of 110 ordinary individuals. The snowball sampling method was used to select the sample for group 1, and random sampling method was employed for group 2.

This applied research is qualitative based on the nature of the data. All components were examined in both statistical populations using the SPSS test, revealing a significant impact on the city branding of Yazd. In terms of prioritization, the components’ degree of influence on the city branding of Yazd city differed between architects and urban planners as well as between ordinary people in two statistical populations.

Among ordinary individuals, the architectural texture had the greatest impact on the city branding of Yazd, whereas, among specialists, symbols and landmarks such as elements like windcatchers and awning had the most significant impact on this city’s branding.

The educational environment is one of the determining factors in the academic progress of students.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of physical components of the educational environment on the student's motivation in Tehran. The type of present research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included the Sixth-grade elementary school students of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. Sampling was done by the systematic-probability sampling method. Three hundred and eighty-seven students who met the criteria to enter the research were selected. The research tools included questionnaires on the physical aspects of the classroom environment (PACE) (Ahmad et al. 2015) and the student's motivation toward science learning (SMTSL) (Tuan et al. 2005). To analyze the data, smart partial least squares structural (PLS) software, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. The results showed that the components of the physical environment (Academic self-efficacy, furniture, equipment and facilities, space, light, indoor air quality, and color) have a positive and significant relationship with the learning motivation variable. Also, the analysis of SEM showed that the value of the t statistic in all cases is higher than 1.96. Factor loading of items was above 0.40 and so the selected questions had appropriate factor structures. The path coefficient was equal to 0.340 and the absolute value of the t statistic was equal to 5.197 which was higher than 1.96. There was a significant positive relationship between the physical components of the educational environment, learning motivation, and the academic self-efficacy of students. Therefore, planning for changes in the structure of the physical components of schools can be one of the priorities of creating a fundamental change in the achieving academic excellence of students.

Housing, as the primary urban use, shapes the spatial system and urban physical form at the neighborhood level. Planning for physical system and quality of living spaces requires attention to housing design. Understanding the role of housing design rules and regulations in form of Practical-developmental model has provided necessary background for this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data is collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. Among the housing design rules and regulations, 11 regulations were selected by reviewing the content of documents and library studies, and 33 requirements were compiled after interviews with experts. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, 19 requirements out of 10 regulations Were approved after two rounds of repetition. Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) method has been used to explain the model. To form Delphi and ISM team, 10 experts in field of housing design have been selected by purposive sampling. Based on analysis of findings, model consists of three levels. In the first level, there is the Lot Coverage rule (R1), which is the most effective rule. According to MicMac analysis, Lot Coverage (R1), height of building and unit (R5) and parking ramp (R6) regulations are located in independent area, while the patio (R4) regulation is located in the linkage area. They have the highest penetration power and the lowest dependence of other regulations. The results show that explained rules and regulations are effective in organizing living spaces and urban Physical system. Therefore, they should receive more attention in urban planning.

One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dimension is considered to be the most important quality in the urban space, the purpose of which is to create a pleasant feeling in the urban environment. Meanwhile, the walls of the streets are one of the most important dimensions of effective design on the aesthetics of the urban landscape due to their direct influence on the visual perception of the citizens. The current research tries to provide effective solutions to improve the aesthetic objective in the aspect of facades and residential walls by prioritizing the preferences of the observers.The research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of type and practical in terms of purpose. Information was collected through field visits, document studies and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data from two viewpoints of observers and experts, and then the components obtained in the selected images of the region were analyzed based on the preferences of the users.The findings indicate that the components of color and texture of materials, sky line and volumetric porosity, from both points of view, are in the priority of evaluating residential wall beauty preferences. This article tries to provide suggestions to improve the conditions of urban walls by considering the physical indicators prioritized by supervisors and experts.

Urban ecology studies the city as an ecosystem consisting of humans and biophysical factors and how they interact in urban environments.Visual ecology also examines the environment around humans as an ecological factor and helps humans to feel pleasant and harmonize it with the physio logical mechanisms of vision. The aim of the present research is to identify the anatomical dimensions of facades and the impact of visual ecology criteria on improving the quality of residential facades in Tehran. The type of research method is descriptive and analytical and has a mixed approach. In the quantitative part of the QSORT classification method, information was obtained through field observations and questionnaire tools in the Likert spectrum, and the image quality diagram was drawn from the observer's point of view with SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient with a rate of 0.785. In the qualitative analysis, the selected views were analyzed in the table based on the constituent elements and criteria of visual ecology and mechanisms of the visual system. The findings show that facades according to vision standards can form comfortable, uniform and aggressive visual environments, and as a result, based on Pie chart calculations, the frequency of visual quality of residential facades within the scope of the research is 65% comfortable, 15% uniform & 20% are aggressive. This article tries to provide solutions to improve the quality of citizens' visual vision through the analysis of desirable visual criteria in the facade of the building.

The importance of utilizing technologies compatible with the natural environment and renewable energy sources in line with the studied climate is increasingly recognized. This research focuses on the study of wind behavior and the function of windcatchers as a passive system for creating natural ventilation in hot and dry zones, addressing the thermal comfort requirements of residents. Ventilators, once a significant climatic architectural element in new constructions—particularly in rural areas—have lost their prominence, as inhabitants of hot and dry regions have shifted to conventional cooling systems such as water and gas coolers. One such area is Yazd province, where traditional housing reflects its cultural identity. This article aims to investigate the impact of one-way windcatchers on providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation in Yazd province.

This article employs a qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical approach, beginning with field observations of common patterns in rural housing within Bondorabad village. The study investigates the methods of utilizing wind for natural ventilation in this region. The dependent variable is thermal comfort, while the independent variable is wind speed. Subsequently, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software is used to explore the relationship between these variables, examining different configurations of the windcatcher: the current height, an increased height of two meters, and a decreased base height of two meters.

The findings indicate that the performance of the windcatcher is optimal when situated four meters above the roof, with wind entering perpendicularly to its opening. However, simulations reveal that under certain conditions, wind flow speed can create irregular currents in the space during summer. Furthermore, as the height of the windcatcher decreases, wind speed diminishes in the summer area, leading to suboptimal performance.

It is recommended that the performance of existing buildings be considered in future constructions, particularly regarding the placement of openings and the internal design of the windcatcher.

The rapid urbanization and urbanization trend, especially in developing countries, have become pervasive social phenomena in the present era, resulting in social inequalities, poverty, increased corruption and crime, environmental crises, class differences, lack of social welfare, premature death, inadequate housing and homelessness, informal settlements. . The existence of such inequalities in cities causes conflict in societies and ultimately violent behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current status of urban poverty and its impact on behavioral patterns, focusing on the Shirabad neighborhood in Zahedan.The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on a survey strategy. Initially, the literature and foundations of the subject were reviewed to establish the criteria. Then, by consulting with a panel of experts (100 individuals), these criteria were finalized in the form of six components. In the next step, the current status of these criteria was assessed through field observations and interviews. Based on the assessment of the current status and the analysis of the t-test results, the average score of each of the six components was significantly higher than the average value of 3, Therefore, the research hypotheses were confirmed. This means that the identification of 6 components and 40 criteria that cause urban poverty in the formation of the final model was accepted and approved by experts and specialists. The results of the research show that the proposed model of this research can be very efficient in investigating the role of urban poverty on the behavioral patterns of citizens , which includes 6 components and 40 criteria in the form of social, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure and basic and environmental services.

Localization of development agency based on unique civilizational-cultural characteristics is one of the concerns and challenges facing urban planners in policy making in Iran. The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze those factors of urban morphology in local studies that have been evaluated as effective on social vulnerability in order to reach a clear definition of the dimensions, components and elements of each of them.

Based on the purpose, this research is applied-developmental, and with a quantitative approach, meta-analysis method has been used to extract the influential criteria and components of urban morphology on social vulnerability.

results show that urban morphology is influenced by the four aspects of: urban economy, transportation management and urban logistics, macro policies of horizontal and vertical development of the city and the urbanization paradigm. Social damage caused by urban form affected by land use management, roads geometry, type of texture in terms of wear and tear, geometry of filled and empty masses and creation of voids, transparency and readability of urban texture, vitality, accessibility and lighting of roads at night, the degree of realization of spatial justice It is for all sections of society and safety in the urban space during natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes.

The main approaches to the studies of the dimensions and components of urban morphology are physical, local-climatic, environmental perception and behavioral sciences, historical and geographical, economic-political, social sciences, humanities and cultural-contextual dimensions.

One of the characteristics of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology is to pay attention to the place of the body and the role of the body in the process of sensory perception of the world. A photographed image is unreliable evidence of the real quality of the architectural space. Therefore, examining the role of the body, understanding the human position, and his experience of architectural space, provide him with a different perspective on understanding space. In traditional architecture, especially historical bazaars, deep attention has been paid to the presence of man and his perception of the main lines of the bazaar and the surrounding spaces, which, by involving the five senses, has a different understanding of the space compared to the image prepared of that space. The main question of the research is: What are the influential components in bodily perception based on Merleau-Ponty's theories in the Iranian bazaar? The purpose of this research is to investigate the human position and the different types of perception in the presence of humans, emphasizing the theory of Merleau-Ponty's bodily perception. In fact, in this research, by examining Merleau-Ponty's theory and the theories proposed about bodily perception in the architectural space, the influencing factors on the different perceptions of man and the effect of his presence in the architectural space are investigated.

The research method is based on the onion model, where each layer is affected by the other layer. The structure of the research is based on the qualitative method of grounded theory. This research is in the form of qualitative research and a descriptive-analytical research method has been used. The method of collecting information is library and field, and the means of collecting information is by recording observations and interviews.

In the results of this research, which was carried out with an emphasis on Merleau-Ponty's theory based on female perception, the components influencing the presence of man and his different vision, such as depth, distance, movement in architectural space, perspective view, atmosphere of space, change of observer's view and parallax have been obtained.

The findings show that these components show up well in the space of the historical market; the attention of the past architects to the role of man in space, and the engagement of his perception by creating a sense of movement, the horizon of vision and movement depth, rhythm and repetition in the walls and exposure, is deeply felt and the role They have a decisive role in understanding the architectural space and human experience in the Iranian bazaar.

This article has tried to identify and cluster the effective requirements on the design of biophilic architecture of interurban spaces in the first phase of Ekbatan settlement of Tehran, using the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data has been prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical samples were 20 urban experts and specialists who were selected by snowball sampling method. 55 primary drivers in 6 statistical categories and identified by structural interaction analysis method were processed in MICMAC software. According to the results of the general dispersion pattern of the studied requirements, in terms of mutual effects analysis, it indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the design requirements of biophilic interspaces are complex and intermediate in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, and the requirements are more concentrated in the cluster of independent factors. General patterns, composition of components and habitats and ecosystems have been ranked first to third by obtaining the direct influence of 311, 296 and 278, respectively, and as the most key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the phase 1 residential complex of Ekbatan settlement, Tehran. were chosen. General patterns, composition of components, habitats and ecosystems, inspiration from nature, geographical connection to the place, ecological connection to the place, building form, space as shape and form, coordinating factor of shape and spatial form, natural light, defining spaces. Inside and outside, light and shade, and growth and effectiveness were selected as 13 key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan. Key forces in terms of system performance in the design system environment have a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness. As a result, as stable requirements, it controls the macro state of the system and its changes; The key requirements of the entrance effect of the design system of biophilic spaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan town of Tehran are considered.

Knowledge is one of the most important resources for competition and development in today's economy. Therefore, knowledge-based cities are considered as a suitable solution for economic growth and development of regions and improving the quality of life in the 21st century. The main goal of this research is to formulate solid theoretical foundations regarding the impact of knowledge-based cities on regional development and the micro-goal is to identify the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in order to achieve a proposed local framework for knowledge-based urban development in Pardis city. The research philosophy is pragmatism with a positive orientation and analytical research method, and the research approach is based on the nature of the data in a combined (inductive and deductive) manner.In this research, in order to reach a proposed local framework for the development of a knowledge-based city, it explains and evaluates the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in Pardis city. In order to achieve this goal, the desired components and criteria were determined using documentary studies and theoretical and experimental bases, and a questionnaire with 65 items was distributed among the decision-making group consisting of 40 members of the target group, using the Delphi method. The z-score method was used to extract the best indicators, and the weight of the components and criteria was calculated based on the Likert spectrum and the best-best method. In the following, the research questions were answered, which are the criteria and indicators necessary to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city and what will be their priority to achieve a successful knowledge-based city.In fact, six social, economic, managerial, perceptual, spatial organization and urban infrastructure components were defined as the proposed components for knowledge-based urban development and their related indicators. The results of the research show that the economic component with a score of 0.42 is in the first place, the social and cultural component is in the second place with a score of 0.35 and the urban infrastructure component is in the third place with a score of 0.21 in terms of importance in Pardis city and in line with every One of the mentioned components, the indicators related to them were prioritized and necessary proposals were presented to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city with the aim of regional development

In less developed countries and in cities that are rapidly experiencing unbridled physical growth, the problems caused by urbanization in various dimensions affect the residents of these large human settlements. Life in big cities including Tehran in our country is often missing the title of human and human interactions. Therefore, a solution is proposed as an urban pause space to face this challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the current status of the urban pause space for social interactions, The research area was around 15 Khordad in Tehran. The area around 15 Khordad in Tehran has been selected as a case study of this research. The research has been carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using documentary and survey methods. First, the literature and basics of the subject were reviewed to calculate the indicators. Then, referring to the expert community (100 people), these indicators were finalized in the form of three dimensions. In the next step, the current status of these indicators was measured in the field and through observation and interview. The assessment of the current situation showed that the functional dimension with 0.65 is in the best state, the semantic dimension with 0.6 is in the middle category and the physical dimension with 0.58 is in the last category. Conclusion In the end, the trustee institutions can improve the existing situation by establishing street arts, gathering activities, recreational places (parks), games and sports, and the existence of facilities for disabled people.

The high consumption of energy in the construction sector in today's world has led to the creation of many environmental problems in addition to the huge waste of non-renewable natural resources. Provide a more comfortable living environment for its residents. One of the native regions of our country is Sistan-Baluchistan province, one of the manifestations of native housing in this province can be found in its rural housing, and a unique example is the use of passive solar systems in the natural ventilation sector; Therefore, recognizing the climatic organs of rural housing in our country, which has been in response to the thermal and living comfort needs of the residents, is one of the solutions to the pathology of the existing situation and a response to the new attitudes of housing construction in new construction methods. In the ventilation sector in these types of buildings, natural ventilation consumes less energy and has less pollution compared to new cooling methods. One of the climatic organs of the rural housing of this area is kolak, which is a type of wind deflector native to Zabul region. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of local wind deflectors in Sistan-Baluchistan province in providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation. In this article, firstly, by using qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical way, and then by taking advantage of the field survey of the common pattern in the rural housing of Qaleno village, to identify and investigate the methods of using wind in the natural ventilation of the rural housing in this area by using organs. The climate of the bellows was discussed and CFD simulation of this climate organ was carried out by comparing different modes to check the effectiveness of this organ. Studies show that the performance of this type of wind deflector by investigating simulations leads to an increase in natural ventilation, which should be considered in the performance of existing buildings in future constructions, including: the placement of windows and suction valves.

After literature, Hamedani artists have adored visual arts more than any other realms of art. This very article strives to consider and classify the latent currents among Hamedan first generation painters. In other words, it endeavors to introduce, categorize and analyze the available flows from artists’ artworks from the beginning of painting creation on canvas and cloth for Hamedan artists-painters born (Hijri Shamsi 1280-1330). But what is very evident is the effect of nature on the works of painters of Hamadan. Often, the artist takes refuge in nature to understand himself and the connection between feeling and imagination. Because art somehow adheres to an understanding of the world that takes humanity away from all its functions at the level of society for a moment to reach a place of imagination and pure feeling with a special sensitivity. Man can achieve an understanding and transformation of nature in this place of imagination and direct feelingThe article data collection method has been of field collection method, observation method, Interview and library collection method. The works analysis method has been done through descriptive method, and their critique based on form analysis, and stylistics of some of artists’ works through comparative content analysis. The data have been formulized through interviewing and the resources of their interviews in the newspapers, and the artistic works have been taken photo of and analyzed by the article author. The research findings show that almost five parallel flows have been loomed in painting art within Hamedan first generation painters. In regard with the analysis of the works of the pioneers of the painting of Hamedan, some parameters have been put into consideration and have been paid attention to from two perspectives of form and content as following: the subject matter of the work, taking notice of objectivity, the role of the observer, the sort of composition, and formalistic features and techniques in Kamalolmolk school painters, naturalist painters, miniature and national art, religious painters and coffee house, modernist painters. Although the artistic works which have been remained or the cultural history of Hamedan minimally has not been taken notice of sufficiently to be considered verbally and persistently in light of visual arts, from the works of the contemporary artists and thinkers of the city, one can discern the impression of this history on the art and culture of this city palpable and considerable.