دکتر فرح حبیب

In the present era, environmental challenges have increased the necessity of reducing the temporal and spatial limitations of environmental education in cities, and the need for effective educational frameworks in this field is felt. In this regard, the current  Futures Studies research examines the criteria and indicators important in the conceptual model of the environmental component of the educating city in Iran which is based on global experiences, further, the present research aims to analyze effective criteria and indicators in the environmental component in the educating cities with the use of global experiences. This research is conducted with an interpretive philosophy, an inductive approach, and an applied strategy, employing a descriptive-content analysis method and utilizing mixed methods design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population consists of 30 urban planning experts selected through a convenience sampling method. The data has been collected through library and field studies and data collection tools of documents and expert questionnaires. The findings of the research, based on the content analysis of 10 successful global experiences and using the Friedman test and structural equations, showed that 6 criteria of awareness, attitudes, policies, skills, behaviors and social-environmental interactions, with weights of 3.71 and 3.54, 3.48, 3.45, 3.42 and 3.40, respectively, on environmental development and its dimensions, including protection of aquatic ecosystems, optimal use of natural resources and energies, environmental protection, urban green development, promotion of public health, preservation of biodiversity and waste management have been effective with 29.66, 28.11, 27.44, 23.33, 18.94, 17.36 and 6.70 units respectively. The results reveal that adopting a comprehensive approach by utilizing the city’s capacity as a platform for environmental education, focusing on enhancing awareness, skills, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as strengthening social interactions and reforming policies, can create a conducive environment for environmental education and achieve environmental development.

Introduction :

Formal education as a foundation for further education is necessary but insufficient. Therefore, education should be brought to a space where all people can attend without any restrictions, that is, the entry of education into the city and its connection with urban life. In many countries, the city has been used for education and valuable experiences have been gained. Now, in Iran, some people need education. In this situation, in some cases, the limitation of access to education has led to the imposition of many costs. Despite the upcoming challenges, the capacity of the city as a platform and tool in the service of education to increase readiness in solving challenges has been neglected; Therefore, the problem of the current research is that in the topic of the educating city with the application of the socio-cultural component, the existing knowledge is not practical enough to create a suitable platform for educating adults and Citizens should act based on their learning from the educational resources of the cities. Therefore, in the upcoming research, an effort has been made to resolve the gap in the field of the city and the socio-cultural component of education by using the category of the educating city based on successful global experiences. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the mechanism of the sociocultural component of the educating city based on global experiences, and seeks to find answers to these questions: The conceptual model of the sociocultural component of the educating city in Iran is based on global experiences, based on what criteria and indicators? How are they prioritized? How effective are the indicators identified from the socio-cultural component of the educating city on each of the dimensions of lifelong learning? 

With an interpretive philosophy and an inductive approach, the present research is placed in the group of applied research (based on the goal) and descriptive of the type of content analysis (from the point of view of nature) in terms of strategy. Also, in terms of selection, it has mixed data (qualitative-quantitative), based on the time frame of the single-section method (in the second half of 1402), collecting its data using the library-field method and the tools of existing documents and documents. The questionnaire was for experts. Conducting this research was based on five steps: In the first place, this research, using the library method and the tools of existing documents, examines the theoretical concepts and selects and introduces 17 examples of successful global experiences from the teaching city according to various criteria (including access to the document valid, using a special program in it and achieving successful results). In the following, the background of the research was stated. At the end of this section, the conceptual model of the research was presented. In the second step, introduced experiences were compared, classified, and categorized by the method of content analysis and were presented in the form of criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component, including encouraging social participation, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, improving the quality of life, preserving cultural identity and creating ideological foundation criteria. In the third step, a questionnaire compiled for experts from the criteria and indicators identified from the sociocultural component was given to 10 experts (urban development experts) to give their opinions regarding the criteria and indicators selected to present and according to the mixed method (quantitative-qualitative), quality criteria and indicators be converted into quantitative numbers. In the fourth step, the reliability of the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach’s alpha test. Then, to measure the validity of the questionnaire, the exploratory factor analysis method was used. In this method, the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) index and Bartlett’s test were used to confirm or reject the appropriateness of the desired data for factor analysis. To perform the exploratory factor analysis method, the principle component method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax Rotation method with Kaiser Normalization was used to rotate the factors. Then, research criteria and indicators were prioritized using the Friedman method, and after that, the impact of the indicators on the social, cultural, economic, and individual aspects of lifelong learning was analyzed using the path analysis method. In the fifth step, the conceptual model of the research was presented and finally, the conclusion was explained.

First, the reliability and validity of the research measurement tool (questionnaire) were ensured. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha test. The results of the test revealed that the used questionnaire had the necessary accuracy and reliability. In the following, exploratory factor analysis was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. In this method, first, it was ensured that the number of data is suitable for factor analysis or not. For this reason, the KMO index and Bartlett’s test were used. The value of the KMO index was equal to 0/906 (more than 0/6), so the number of samples (number of respondents) was sufficient for factor analysis. Also, the sig value of Bartlett’s test was equal to zero (less than 0/05). This showed that factor analysis is suitable for identifying the structure of the factor model and the hypothesis of the correlation matrix being known was rejected. Further, in the exploratory factor analysis, the principal components method was used to extract the criteria, and the Varimax method with Keyser normalization was used to rotate the factors. The decision criterion for survival or removal of questionnaire questions from factor analysis was their extracted commonality values. In addition, eigenvalues higher than 1 and factor scores higher than 0/4 are considered decision criteria for question classification. In the following, according to the analyses carried out, with the achievement of the extracted commonality value of more than 0/5 for all questions, it is not necessary to exclude any of the questionnaire questions from the factor analysis. In addition, according to these analyses, 6 criteria with a characteristic value higher than one were extracted, and all the questions related to the socio-cultural component of the educating city were included in these 6 criteria. Also, considering the factor loads of the questions, each of the questions had the highest factor load in the same factor that was determined in advance. Therefore, each question measures the same factor for which it was designed, so the questions of the questionnaire have the necessary validity. Friedman’s test was used to check the importance and rank of the criteria and indicators of the socio-cultural component of the educating city. According to the results, among the criteria of the research, creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity are respectively weighted 3/71, 3/54, 3/48, 3/45, 3/42 and 3/40 are the most and least important. 33 research indicators were assigned different weights respectively. In the last part of the findings, the path analysis method was used to investigate the impact of research indicators on lifelong learning. The test results showed that the research indicators were effective in lifelong learning with a path coefficient of 0/7 on the social dimension, 0/51 on the economic dimension, 0/50 on the cultural dimension, and 0/44 on the individual dimension.

Educating cities has an essential role in the education process by emphasizing the socio-cultural component. By creating an ideological foundation, improving the quality of life, fighting discrimination, improving educational policies, encouraging social participation, and preserving cultural identity, these cities provide a suitable platform for the development of lifelong learning processes and they reduce the obstacles related to the time and place limitations of education and this makes it possible for everyone to access it more easily. In addition, by overcoming challenges and emphasizing potential, these cities offer educational opportunities to various groups in society, including minorities, the disadvantaged, and the elderly. As centers of educational opportunities, these cities contribute to the development of society by improving the level of knowledge and awareness of citizens. The investigated indicators of the sociocultural component of the teaching city directly affect the 4 social, economic, cultural, and individual dimensions of lifelong learning. These results show that the social and cultural actions and activities that are carried out to improve the platform of an educating city, can directly contribute to the promotion of lifelong learning processes.

Introduction :

The city is conceptualized as a living entity, serving as the safest habitat for humans, with its characteristics and attributes understood through human perception. This perception fosters various emotional connections between individuals and the places they inhabit or visit. In contemporary society, dominated by images and perceptions, visual and auditory impressions convey significant messages to audiences. Urban branding emerges as a strategic approach to enhance the recognition of a city’s architectural richness and to promote its history, spatial quality, culture, and lifestyle.This concept plays a crucial role in developing urban policies and strategies, simultaneously pursuing economic growth and acting as a channel for the city’s identity. Each city in Iran possesses a unique reputation shaped by its specific capacities, facilities, and potentials, distinguishing it from others. This distinction often arises from prominent architectural elements and landmarks within the urban environment. Cities lacking distinctive features strive to redefine their identity through architectural revitalization.This study aims to investigate and compare the primary architectural components that influence urban branding in the cities of Yazd and Rasht. Such an examination is deemed essential within the fields of architecture and urban planning. The research intends to assess the impact of architectural elements on urban branding, focusing on Yazd and Rasht as case studies that differ in climate, culture, and scale. Additionally, the study seeks to answer the question of how architectural components affect the branding of these two cities.

In this study, the researcher aims to collect, analyze, and interpret data obtained through observation and interviews. To achieve this, both deductive and inductive approaches are utilized. Given the research questions and objectives, it was necessary to examine the theoretical model and its criteria. The portion of the research that relies on prior assumptions regarding urban branding employs a deductive approach. Conversely, the inductive reasoning in the study is evident in the observational section, which examines criteria directly from case samples, independent of previous studies. This approach aligns with the interpretivist paradigm and qualitative description.The research method is applied in a practical context and is based on qualitative content analysis. The researcher seeks to answer the question of how architectural components influence the branding of the cities of Yazd and Rasht. To facilitate this, a five-item Likert scale questionnaire was designed to compare the impact of architectural elements on branding between the two cities. Additionally, a simple random sampling method was employed to select the samples.

The reliability of the questionnaire developed in the study was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, calculated through the SPSS software, which also served as the data analysis tool. The obtained Cronbach’s alpha value exceeded 0.70, indicating that the reliability of the questionnaires is confirmed.In light of the urban branding strategy and the positioning of architectural components influencing urban branding, the study examined each defined sub-component in the two sample cities, Yazd and Rasht. The results from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS.The findings reveal significant differences between the architectural components affecting branding in Yazd and Rasht, particularly concerning elements such as color, urban facade, historical texture, urban imagery, materials, location, and socio-cultural phenomena. However, no significant differences were observed between the two cities’ climate and urban policy components.

Urban branding has emerged as a global trend actively pursued by governments, with cities worldwide striving to enhance their identity and image. This enhancement is predicated on the assumption that individuals already possess preconceived notions about a city. The mental image of a city is shaped through perceptual processing and the imagery that individuals associate with it, indicating that people have pre-formed images of their favorite cities. Urban branding not only aids in establishing urban identities but also inspires new innovations.Consequently, older cities with distinct cultural heritages and recognizable architectural features tend to be more popular than those lacking such characteristics. Cities that do not possess unique features are attempting to improve their global standing by reconstructing their architecture and creating new identities. A unique urban brand signifies the presence of one or more symbols that can imbue urban spaces with new meaning and identity.Research indicates that the historical urban fabric in Yazd is recognized as a primary influencing factor, while in Rasht, the historical urban fabric and cityscape hold significant importance, albeit the impact of these factors is more pronounced in Yazd than in Rasht. This study also analyzes other components such as materials, climate, color, location, and socio-cultural phenomena, concluding that the socio-cultural component has a more substantial influence in Rasht compared to Yazd. This disparity highlights how climatic, cultural, and scale differences between the two cities affect the impact of architectural elements on urban branding.A comprehensive examination of the architectural micro-components influencing urban branding in Yazd and Rasht reveals that all these elements play a role in the urban branding process of both cities through architecture, though the degree of influence varies. This underscores the complexity of urban branding as a strategic process that integrates various factors to foster a city’s unique identity and enhance its competitive advantage in a globalized context.

Nowadays, one of the factors that cause confusion and visual clutter is the presence of urban facades with an abnormal appearance. This heterogeneity is more visible in the facades of Iranian cities, especially in Tehran and in the vicinity of the main local streets. It is crucial to deal with the issue of which parts of the facade have caused visual clutter and to determine the most effective visual component of the facade in this regard. The current research has been carried out to explain the position of facade architectural components and their effect in creating visual clutter and compare the effects in urban and single facades. The present research method is a case study, survey, and coding. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the effects of extensions, materials, windows, forms, style and ornaments, lines, and doors in creating visual clutter of the urban and single facade were investigated. In order to identify and compare the effects of components, questionnaires and field studies were used, and SPSS software and Friedman's test were used for analysis and ranking. The method followed in this research is innovative in the field of pathology and provides a model for the studies of the pathology of facades. The results of the research show that the difference between the impact of the criteria in creating visual clutter of the urban and single-facade and different sub-criteria of the single-facade and urban facade components are effective in creating visual clutter. By analyzing the results of Friedman's test, it was determined that the lines in the urban facade with a score of 5.28. and Extensions in a single facade with a score of 5/20. They have the greatest effect in causing visual clutter. Moreover, it has the least impact on creating visual clutter in the urban facade and single-façade door.

Among geographical regions, cities are increasingly becoming champions. Their competition to establish their reputation as the best choice for visitors, investors, and businesses is intensifying. Some cities possess unique features creating a distinct image in people’s minds. The present paper is aimed at identifying the most influential architectural components in city branding of Yazd and subsequently comparing and prioritizing them based on their impact.

The research is conducted through using a questionnaire prepared for two groups: 1) a group of 35 specialists and 2) a group of 110 ordinary individuals. The snowball sampling method was used to select the sample for group 1, and random sampling method was employed for group 2.

This applied research is qualitative based on the nature of the data. All components were examined in both statistical populations using the SPSS test, revealing a significant impact on the city branding of Yazd. In terms of prioritization, the components’ degree of influence on the city branding of Yazd city differed between architects and urban planners as well as between ordinary people in two statistical populations.

Among ordinary individuals, the architectural texture had the greatest impact on the city branding of Yazd, whereas, among specialists, symbols and landmarks such as elements like windcatchers and awning had the most significant impact on this city’s branding.

The educational environment is one of the determining factors in the academic progress of students.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of physical components of the educational environment on the student's motivation in Tehran. The type of present research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included the Sixth-grade elementary school students of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. Sampling was done by the systematic-probability sampling method. Three hundred and eighty-seven students who met the criteria to enter the research were selected. The research tools included questionnaires on the physical aspects of the classroom environment (PACE) (Ahmad et al. 2015) and the student's motivation toward science learning (SMTSL) (Tuan et al. 2005). To analyze the data, smart partial least squares structural (PLS) software, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used. The results showed that the components of the physical environment (Academic self-efficacy, furniture, equipment and facilities, space, light, indoor air quality, and color) have a positive and significant relationship with the learning motivation variable. Also, the analysis of SEM showed that the value of the t statistic in all cases is higher than 1.96. Factor loading of items was above 0.40 and so the selected questions had appropriate factor structures. The path coefficient was equal to 0.340 and the absolute value of the t statistic was equal to 5.197 which was higher than 1.96. There was a significant positive relationship between the physical components of the educational environment, learning motivation, and the academic self-efficacy of students. Therefore, planning for changes in the structure of the physical components of schools can be one of the priorities of creating a fundamental change in the achieving academic excellence of students.

The importance of utilizing technologies compatible with the natural environment and renewable energy sources in line with the studied climate is increasingly recognized. This research focuses on the study of wind behavior and the function of windcatchers as a passive system for creating natural ventilation in hot and dry zones, addressing the thermal comfort requirements of residents. Ventilators, once a significant climatic architectural element in new constructions—particularly in rural areas—have lost their prominence, as inhabitants of hot and dry regions have shifted to conventional cooling systems such as water and gas coolers. One such area is Yazd province, where traditional housing reflects its cultural identity. This article aims to investigate the impact of one-way windcatchers on providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation in Yazd province.

This article employs a qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical approach, beginning with field observations of common patterns in rural housing within Bondorabad village. The study investigates the methods of utilizing wind for natural ventilation in this region. The dependent variable is thermal comfort, while the independent variable is wind speed. Subsequently, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software is used to explore the relationship between these variables, examining different configurations of the windcatcher: the current height, an increased height of two meters, and a decreased base height of two meters.

The findings indicate that the performance of the windcatcher is optimal when situated four meters above the roof, with wind entering perpendicularly to its opening. However, simulations reveal that under certain conditions, wind flow speed can create irregular currents in the space during summer. Furthermore, as the height of the windcatcher decreases, wind speed diminishes in the summer area, leading to suboptimal performance.

It is recommended that the performance of existing buildings be considered in future constructions, particularly regarding the placement of openings and the internal design of the windcatcher.

The rapid urbanization and urbanization trend, especially in developing countries, have become pervasive social phenomena in the present era, resulting in social inequalities, poverty, increased corruption and crime, environmental crises, class differences, lack of social welfare, premature death, inadequate housing and homelessness, informal settlements. . The existence of such inequalities in cities causes conflict in societies and ultimately violent behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current status of urban poverty and its impact on behavioral patterns, focusing on the Shirabad neighborhood in Zahedan.The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on a survey strategy. Initially, the literature and foundations of the subject were reviewed to establish the criteria. Then, by consulting with a panel of experts (100 individuals), these criteria were finalized in the form of six components. In the next step, the current status of these criteria was assessed through field observations and interviews. Based on the assessment of the current status and the analysis of the t-test results, the average score of each of the six components was significantly higher than the average value of 3, Therefore, the research hypotheses were confirmed. This means that the identification of 6 components and 40 criteria that cause urban poverty in the formation of the final model was accepted and approved by experts and specialists. The results of the research show that the proposed model of this research can be very efficient in investigating the role of urban poverty on the behavioral patterns of citizens , which includes 6 components and 40 criteria in the form of social, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure and basic and environmental services.

Localization of development agency based on unique civilizational-cultural characteristics is one of the concerns and challenges facing urban planners in policy making in Iran. The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze those factors of urban morphology in local studies that have been evaluated as effective on social vulnerability in order to reach a clear definition of the dimensions, components and elements of each of them.

Based on the purpose, this research is applied-developmental, and with a quantitative approach, meta-analysis method has been used to extract the influential criteria and components of urban morphology on social vulnerability.

results show that urban morphology is influenced by the four aspects of: urban economy, transportation management and urban logistics, macro policies of horizontal and vertical development of the city and the urbanization paradigm. Social damage caused by urban form affected by land use management, roads geometry, type of texture in terms of wear and tear, geometry of filled and empty masses and creation of voids, transparency and readability of urban texture, vitality, accessibility and lighting of roads at night, the degree of realization of spatial justice It is for all sections of society and safety in the urban space during natural hazards such as floods and earthquakes.

The main approaches to the studies of the dimensions and components of urban morphology are physical, local-climatic, environmental perception and behavioral sciences, historical and geographical, economic-political, social sciences, humanities and cultural-contextual dimensions.

This article has tried to identify and cluster the effective requirements on the design of biophilic architecture of interurban spaces in the first phase of Ekbatan settlement of Tehran, using the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data has been prepared by documentary method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical samples were 20 urban experts and specialists who were selected by snowball sampling method. 55 primary drivers in 6 statistical categories and identified by structural interaction analysis method were processed in MICMAC software. According to the results of the general dispersion pattern of the studied requirements, in terms of mutual effects analysis, it indicates the state of an unstable environmental system in which the design requirements of biophilic interspaces are complex and intermediate in terms of effectiveness and effectiveness, and the requirements are more concentrated in the cluster of independent factors. General patterns, composition of components and habitats and ecosystems have been ranked first to third by obtaining the direct influence of 311, 296 and 278, respectively, and as the most key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the phase 1 residential complex of Ekbatan settlement, Tehran. were chosen. General patterns, composition of components, habitats and ecosystems, inspiration from nature, geographical connection to the place, ecological connection to the place, building form, space as shape and form, coordinating factor of shape and spatial form, natural light, defining spaces. Inside and outside, light and shade, and growth and effectiveness were selected as 13 key requirements for the design of biophilic interspaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan. Key forces in terms of system performance in the design system environment have a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness. As a result, as stable requirements, it controls the macro state of the system and its changes; The key requirements of the entrance effect of the design system of biophilic spaces in the residential complex of phase 1 of Ekbatan town of Tehran are considered.

Knowledge is one of the most important resources for competition and development in today's economy. Therefore, knowledge-based cities are considered as a suitable solution for economic growth and development of regions and improving the quality of life in the 21st century. The main goal of this research is to formulate solid theoretical foundations regarding the impact of knowledge-based cities on regional development and the micro-goal is to identify the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in order to achieve a proposed local framework for knowledge-based urban development in Pardis city. The research philosophy is pragmatism with a positive orientation and analytical research method, and the research approach is based on the nature of the data in a combined (inductive and deductive) manner.In this research, in order to reach a proposed local framework for the development of a knowledge-based city, it explains and evaluates the components and criteria of a knowledge-based city in Pardis city. In order to achieve this goal, the desired components and criteria were determined using documentary studies and theoretical and experimental bases, and a questionnaire with 65 items was distributed among the decision-making group consisting of 40 members of the target group, using the Delphi method. The z-score method was used to extract the best indicators, and the weight of the components and criteria was calculated based on the Likert spectrum and the best-best method. In the following, the research questions were answered, which are the criteria and indicators necessary to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city and what will be their priority to achieve a successful knowledge-based city.In fact, six social, economic, managerial, perceptual, spatial organization and urban infrastructure components were defined as the proposed components for knowledge-based urban development and their related indicators. The results of the research show that the economic component with a score of 0.42 is in the first place, the social and cultural component is in the second place with a score of 0.35 and the urban infrastructure component is in the third place with a score of 0.21 in terms of importance in Pardis city and in line with every One of the mentioned components, the indicators related to them were prioritized and necessary proposals were presented to transform Pardis city into a knowledge-based city with the aim of regional development

In less developed countries and in cities that are rapidly experiencing unbridled physical growth, the problems caused by urbanization in various dimensions affect the residents of these large human settlements. Life in big cities including Tehran in our country is often missing the title of human and human interactions. Therefore, a solution is proposed as an urban pause space to face this challenge. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the current status of the urban pause space for social interactions, The research area was around 15 Khordad in Tehran. The area around 15 Khordad in Tehran has been selected as a case study of this research. The research has been carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using documentary and survey methods. First, the literature and basics of the subject were reviewed to calculate the indicators. Then, referring to the expert community (100 people), these indicators were finalized in the form of three dimensions. In the next step, the current status of these indicators was measured in the field and through observation and interview. The assessment of the current situation showed that the functional dimension with 0.65 is in the best state, the semantic dimension with 0.6 is in the middle category and the physical dimension with 0.58 is in the last category. Conclusion In the end, the trustee institutions can improve the existing situation by establishing street arts, gathering activities, recreational places (parks), games and sports, and the existence of facilities for disabled people.

The high consumption of energy in the construction sector in today's world has led to the creation of many environmental problems in addition to the huge waste of non-renewable natural resources. Provide a more comfortable living environment for its residents. One of the native regions of our country is Sistan-Baluchistan province, one of the manifestations of native housing in this province can be found in its rural housing, and a unique example is the use of passive solar systems in the natural ventilation sector; Therefore, recognizing the climatic organs of rural housing in our country, which has been in response to the thermal and living comfort needs of the residents, is one of the solutions to the pathology of the existing situation and a response to the new attitudes of housing construction in new construction methods. In the ventilation sector in these types of buildings, natural ventilation consumes less energy and has less pollution compared to new cooling methods. One of the climatic organs of the rural housing of this area is kolak, which is a type of wind deflector native to Zabul region. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of local wind deflectors in Sistan-Baluchistan province in providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation. In this article, firstly, by using qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical way, and then by taking advantage of the field survey of the common pattern in the rural housing of Qaleno village, to identify and investigate the methods of using wind in the natural ventilation of the rural housing in this area by using organs. The climate of the bellows was discussed and CFD simulation of this climate organ was carried out by comparing different modes to check the effectiveness of this organ. Studies show that the performance of this type of wind deflector by investigating simulations leads to an increase in natural ventilation, which should be considered in the performance of existing buildings in future constructions, including: the placement of windows and suction valves.

Urban water banks, vital environmental resources, act as hubs for significant economic and social activities. Evolving urban structures promote urban regeneration, focusing on neglected areas, including waterfronts, for enhanced social and economic vitality.The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the social effects of regeneration in the coastal city of Bushehr. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is the population of Bushehr, which was determined as a sample size of 380 people based on Cochran's formula. The result showed that the results of the test showed that the indicators of social regeneration were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. In this context, two indicators, including the reduction of social damage with an average of 3.771 and the improvement of social cohesion with an average of 3.647, have had a more suitable situation in the Blue Bank of the city. In addition, the result of the test showed that the 10 investigated indicators in the field of social effects of regeneration were significant at the level of 0.000. Friendly environment index with an average of 3.892 is known as a significant social impact of regeneration. The result of Pearson's correlation shows that a significant relationship has been observed between the variable of regeneration of the city's water bank with social dimensions including democracy, sociability and satisfaction at a level of less than 0.01. The highest correlation was related to the reconstruction of the Water Bank with democracy with a coefficient of 0.164.

In urban regeneration, urban development in the sense of quantitative growth of physical elements and improving the quality of urban life will take place in the form of urban development plans. Urban regeneration plans are trying to bring back social life and economic prosperity to the fabric by using the potentials in worn-out areas and by using public participation with minimal budget. Coastal cities are one of the most productive and dynamic environmental resources and a platform for huge economic and social activities in the world. Valuable natural resources, biological diversity and the ability of huge economic activities have turned these areas into one of the most sensitive and valuable urban areas in the world. In a coastal city, the natural environment directly and indirectly affects the urban economy and consequently the quality of life in the city, and there is also a direct relationship between economic growth and the improvement of urban living standards. Urban water banks are among the most productive and dynamic. They are considered as environmental resources and a platform for huge economic and social activities. In fact, changes in the management and organization of old tissues with changes in the economic and social structure of cities have presented a new approach called regeneration in urban restoration, and the regeneration of inactive water banks has been on the agenda of urban planners for a long time. Regeneration plans seek social life and economic prosperity of different urban contexts. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the social effects of regeneration in the coastal city of Bushehr.

The research method is based on the descriptive-analytical goal and is applied and based on the method, it is quantitative. The research data is the result of a survey study in Bushehr city. The main tool of the research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was verified by experts. Its reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which reached a value above 0.70 for different parts of the questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is made up of 29,845 residents of Bushehr based on the latest official census of the country (2015). The sample size was determined to be 380 people using Cochran's formula. The sampling method in this research was random sampling, where the share of each individual in the entire statistical population was the same. For data analysis, SPSS software and appropriate statistical tests were used, as well as structural equation modeling in AMOS software.

The result of the sample t-test showed that the 6 investigated social indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the direction of significance using the average shows that all the indicators have an average value greater than the average value of the test (3) and therefore it can be concluded that the status of social regeneration indicators in the water bank of Bushehr city is favorable. The comparison of the average indices shows that the social damage reduction index has the best condition with an average of 3.771. Also, two indicators of improving social cohesion with an average of 3.647 and participation and attention to the role of people with an average of 3.642 are known in the next ranks. The lowest average was related to the spatial belongingness index with a value of 3.305.
The result of the t-test test shows that the 6 highlighted indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the direction of significance using the mean shows that all the social effects of regeneration have an average greater than the average value of the test (3) and therefore it can be concluded that the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city are favorable. Comparison of average indicators shows that friendly environment index with an average of 3.892 is known as a significant social impact of regeneration. Also, two indicators of welcoming environment with an average of 3.805 and uniqueness index with an average of 3.686 are recognized in the second and third ranks. The lowest average was related to the public rights demand index with a value of 3.347. In general, the social effects of regeneration are significant and need to be improved.
In order to present an experimental model of the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city, using AMOS software, first order factor analysis model related to each of the indicators (10 items) was drawn and in the continuation of the mentioned model, each of The factors have been validated. The mentioned factors (indices) have been classified into 10 main features using the exploratory factor analysis model, and the identified factors have been validated using exploratory factor analysis. The results of examining the factor loadings related to 10 indicators show that the value of the factor loadings is more than 0.3 and indicates the appropriate status of the indicators or effects in the drawn model. This model can evaluate and predict the social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city. In addition, the indicators used in the model have acceptable validity.
After examining the overall fit of the model of social effects of regeneration in the water bank of Bushehr city, the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable of the research was examined. In general, it can be said that 10 social indicators including freedom of action, demand for public rights, right to change, right to property, participation, social interactions, social mixing, welcoming environment, uniqueness and friendly environment can be effective in the water bank of Bushehr city. to be Examining the role of 10 factors or social indicators of regeneration shows that the total effect value is 0.44, and in total, the social effects of regeneration can explain about 44% of the variance, role-creation and positive effects in the urban water bank.
According to the results of this model, the most impact is related to the unique impact of regeneration with an explanation of 0.90, which actually has the greatest impact on the water bank of Bushehr city. The right to change with an explanation of 0.88 and also the right to own property with an explanation of 0.77 have been recognized in the second and third ranks of the social impact of regeneration in the urban water bank. In total, the 10 social effects of regeneration that have been investigated have been or can be effective in the creation and development of the city's Water Bank.

In general, according to the results of this research, it should be concluded that the regeneration of Bushehr's urban waterfront promotes social interactions, the uniqueness of the urban public space, the creation of a friendly environment, freedom of action, the right to change, the demand for public rights in the urban space, and participation. It has been socialized. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that in line with the development of the spaces of the water bank of Bushehr city, the index of social interactions and its increase should be emphasized. It is also suggested that the public spaces in the water bank of Bushehr city with historical elements and arising from culture and environment. The area should be designed

Architecture in the Second Pahlavi period is characterized by the triangle of the western culture and civilization influence, Iranian historical heritage with starring role of pre- and post- Islamic architecture and the emergence of architecture from the heart of this period. In this period, known as the millennium of the modern architecture in Iran, architects such as Louis Kahn and Hassan Fathy set forth the historical value and experiences in the architecture of the past and as such adopting a nostalgic view toward traditional architecture, they addressed its revitalization in terms of design and implementation. In most of the contemporary buildings of Tehran not all of them, a form imitation of Iranian traditional architecture or the contemporary western one has taken place. Numerous notable examples are certainly inappropriate patches of the environment and architectural profession. It would be considered as a variable affecting Tehran public building issues and investigated during the present study. This research reviews the physical identity of the public buildings in the Second Pahlavi period. Library method was initially adopted to investigate the factors affecting the physical identity formation during the Second Pahlavi period. Then, the architectural experts and scholars were asked to complete the questionnaire encompassing the points from the library analysis which were studied in the public buildings of the Second Pahlavi period. The statistical population comprised 150 architectural scholars. Among the findings of this research are the major developments related to the Second Pahlavi period including civil projects and formation of the residential units and complexes. Pahlavi architecture is a transition period from the traditional architecture to the modern one. The modern architecture generated through the Second Pahlavi period was broadly backed by the European architecture mainstreams including the international style of Staatliches Bahaus, Le Corbusier artworks, Frank Lloyd Wright products, etc. Its outcome was Iranian modern architecture that has been called pseudomodern architecture. Given that after the rise of modernism, the regionalism approach entails the ample challenges related to interactions and confrontations of the modern architecture of the cultural- regional identities, the main research question is that which indices and concepts have been focused during the design of some works related to the mentioned period.

The purpose of this study is to explain the semantic conceptual model of "Disciplinary-Architecture" to analyze the ideas and opinions of contemporary Iranian architects in the cultural space based on environmental aesthetic reflection in the genios loci. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and has been analyzed with an inductive approach. In nature, qualitatively describes existing information and component inductive analysis in theoretical subject matter. The method of collecting information by library relying on valid documents using the logical analysis method describes and analyzes theoretical propositions. The propositions have then been extracted, categorized and analyzed from the point of view of a number of contemporary Iranian architects and the views of the field of research. From the findings he suggested that the genios loci of communication with spiritual worlds and the underlying layers of the human soul can be possible. Because intuition is one of the semantic components due to sensory diversity and plurality in simple detail while complexity, in the form of a united whole, the aesthetic concerns of users. In this way, the discovery and intuition with the ability to safely predict the exciting at the same time have an impact on the integration of shared patterns of human emotions and senses. The criteria set forth in explaining a new model of environmental aesthetics in achieving the genios loci through "intuitive-intuitive architecture" lead to "extensive understanding" in contemporary architectural artifacts.

Sustainable and green approaches in architecture are expanding due to the importance of achieving goals of reducing carbon footprint and adapting to the consequences of global warming. The design and construction of smart green buildings have been considered as an efficient model in terms of energy consumption and meeting the needs of residents. Smart green buildings use the green Internet of Things and ICT. In addition to the proper management of energy, water, and waste, they affect the health and quality of the indoor environment, while the investment cost and higher selling price may limit their development. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the feasibility of green smart building concept implementation from the project beneficiaries’ perspective in Iran, analyzing the views of residents and home buyers.

This applied research uses an analytical-descriptive method based on desk research, field studies, and questionnaires. The effective factors in the application of smart green building concepts, as the innovation of the study, have been investigated with its goals including technology, energy saving, and creating a healthy and clean environment. A questionnaire with 39 questions was designed, encompassing four dimensions comprising the benefits of smart green building, factors affecting buyers' willingness, estimation of necessary cost for construction, and factors affecting the implementation of smart green concept in construction. Then, possible effective factors in the successful implementation of green building criteria were classified into three categories: leadership and responsibility, principles and techniques, and feedback and creating public trust. The research was conducted focusing on District 1 of Tehran in the northernmost part of the city, and the resident households with the ability to purchase a green residential unit with an added value equal to 10-31% compared to normal units formed the target statistical population. In the pre-test stage, the questionnaire was distributed among 30 individuals and the sample size was obtained by analyzing the data. After collecting the data, all statistical analyzes analyses were done using SPSS software.

The results of the survey of 62 responses to the questionnaire show that among the advantages of smart green buildings, energy efficiency, material efficiency, and land efficiency are more important, respectively. Most respondents believe that green smart buildings save maintenance costs and thus reduce energy demand for lighting, heating, and air conditioning. Economic incentives are the priority of policy measures, and granting tax discounts to buyers of green housing affects buyers' willingness. Labeling buildings and paying subsidized loans and grants are in the next positions. Moreover, half of the respondents estimated the added value needed to build a house or apartment with a green rating compared with a similar normal house or apartment to be more than 30%, which is congruent with previous studies. Buyers' willingness to pay additional prices rises with increasing income and 40.3% of respondents are willing to pay more to buy a green smart building as a new house or apartment.

To increase buyers’ willingness to pay extra, it is necessary to moderate the price of green buildings. Providing suitable platforms to raise public awareness about the concept of green building can help users and consumers to make proper decisions. Currently, green building is prioritized due to its environmental effects. Nevertheless, it is necessary to consider its potential economic and human benefits, which is one of the key points for the success of green buildings in the future. The successful implementation of the smart green building program requires defining the vision and technological instructions, preparing a road map, and then prioritizing and streamlining the construction and renovation projects with the aim of sustainability.

Urban spaces are parts of the urban fabric that the general public has physical and visual access to, and it is considered a platform for human activities and establishing social interactions. Wide use of space for social activities shows the success of urban spaces. Patterns of space use, including patterns of pause and movement of users, are factors that determine the efficiency of these spaces. Considering the importance of this topic, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perceptual -behavioral patterns of users in the public spaces of Panj district of Tehran by using the method of space layout and depth map software was used to achieve this goal. For this purpose, a series of analyzes of the importance of structure and interconnection was carried out at the level of five regions, and the three components of connection, integrity, depth and the degree of their relationship were examined according to the scale of the area. According to the relatively checkerboard structure of the study area, the main thoroughfares, which have an arterial role, had the greatest potential in terms of the connecting quality of the spaces. The lowest amount was related to residential complexes in the west of the region. The highest degree of connection was related to the center of the region to the south of the region. The western and northern parts of the region had greater spatial depth. The topography of the northern regions has affected the form of the accesses and has caused the greater spatial depth of these regions compared to the southern regions of the region. Among the other results of this research, there is a relatively logical relationship between the two indicators of interlinking and index connection, and as a result, the degree of perception of these indicators (R2=0.16). That is, generally, with the increase of connection, the interconnection of the spaces of zone five increases. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of these two indicators in the targeted spaces of Region 5 has the greatest affinity with the analysis of the qualities affecting public spaces .

Some principles have been and are in the universe from eternity; and since they are fixed and unchangeable, you should try to make them appear. One of these principles, which is considered part of this world, is the subject of "intermediateness". The current research was conducted with the aim of rereading the concept of connection in the architecture of the interspaces of (Shia) mosques built in the Safavid period of Isfahan city with a qualitative-quantitative (mixed) method. The results showed that in this research, in order to achieve true knowledge, the interspace has been considered from two perspectives; One as the quality and state of "in between", being similar in worlds such as "Purgatory" and "Imagination" or experiencing times such as "dawn and sunset" which are an introduction to the next places and an end to their previous places. An "ambiguous" experience of the boundary between visible and hidden, visible and invisible, known and unknown, as if it carries some of the properties of before and after and is considered a place to transform into its before and after situations. From another point of view, what the mystics in "Sir Vesluk" refer to as "approach" with the motive of "joiner ". According to the mystics, "abandoned man" is incomplete and his completion depends on "joiner". As Ibn Arabi "considers becoming a human being to be connected" and closeness is the same as servitude. Therefore, man is inherently a creature "on the way" and the condition of his perfection is "on the way of being" with the goal of reaching the goal; This road has an origin, a home, a direction and a destination, which can be read in architecture as well.

Construction of residential biophilic complexes is one of the new approaches to increasing the nature of friendliness of residents of residential complexes, the benefits of which will lead to better life of people. In recent years, special attention has been paid to biophilic residential architecture in the field of architecture and tries to pay more attention to the link between architecture and nature. Due to gaps in existing knowledge, abundant evidence of existing shortcomings and approaching the goal, this article reviews the research background in biophilic architecture by highlighting definitions, dimensions, indicators and solutions to identify the characteristics of residential biophilic architecture. Biophilic architecture as well as desirable intermediaries each have indices and characteristics that overlap identification of these two axes can lead to the identification of biophilic interspace characteristics. For this purpose, in the first step, we have tried to identify and categorize the variables affecting biophilic architecture by examining the latest scientific information and in the next step, by systematic review method based on four-step model by editing. This strategy of searching articles and search path was performed with the words "biophilic principles", "efficiency of interstitial spaces", "residential biophilic collections", "biophilic design", "biophilic landscape" in valid citation databases.

This research seeks to present a new model of influencing factors on formation spatial structure of middle class housing in Tehran by using the complex systems theory paradigm. Understanding of changes in spatial structure of housing due to transformations of internal and external factors at design time has provided necessary background for this research. The research has been done with a practical-developmental purpose and descriptive-analytical method. Data has been collected in a combined (qualitative and quantitative) manner. In this research, layered models have been presented by review of complex systems paradigm concepts and matching it with housing spatial structure factors. Spatial structure models consist of three main factors: design dimensions, rules and regulations and building elements. The components of rules and regulations have been identified by review of documents content and library studies, components of spatial structure design dimensions have also been expressed accordance with theoretical foundations of sustainable development and design. Importance of design dimensions has been measured by asking experts in field of housing design by using fuzzy hierarchical analysis method. Analysis show that priority and importance each of design dimensions: environmental/ climate, cultural/ social and economic/ technological are variable in each housing spatial structure. The results of research show that change of any spatial structure under influence of internal and external transformations in different locations causes change of all spatial structures. To achieve quality of residential spaces based on transformations, the model provides necessary data for planning and intelligently usage at the time of design.

Increasing energy consumption in the building and the use of construction materials with the increase in the amount of construction, causes environmental degradation and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Nature has undergone its evolutionary process over the centuries and has reached its most optimal form, structure, and constituent materials. The goal of biomimicry is to be inspired by nature to increase efficiency with the help of sustainable solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the capabilities of silica sponge for use in various building components to achieve the best possible options.

 The collection of basic information is through the library and using the articles of valid and up-to-date scientific journals and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical concepts are expressed from the descriptive method and qualitative content analysis is performed.

 The results of the research provide the possibility of inspiring siliceous sponge with special features at different levels of biomimicry for different components of the building and design and ideation of the form, structure, process, and function of the sponge in an optimal state in the direction of the bionic structure.

 By analyzing the form, function, structure, process, and how the sponge interacts with its surroundings, which has reached its optimal form and structure in interaction with its surroundings over the centuries, we can come up with an idea for sustainability and synchronization, achieved mostly with the environment, minimum energy consumption in the building and having optimal components.

Today the biophilic approach is used in the design of Buildings with different uses.Therefore, the biophilic approach is an attempt to eliminate the gap between modern architecture and the need for humans to communicate with their surrounding world.In other ways, biophilics have been able to enhance and repair the beneficial human experience of their surroundings based on an innovative method that enhances and repairs the beneficial human experience of their surroundings.By geometric models such as fibonacci pi ratio to the value of spatial relationships in the forms based on a model connected together in an integrated general form, through which concepts such as component to total, complementary conflicts, balance and dynamic stress, fractals and ratios as well as the spaces of transition to a place basedon a schema such as "biophilia". it was tried to obtain defined information from books and articles inorder to analyze and describe the criteria and authors derived from the biophilic schema, and by describing the tables and drawing documents, it was achieved to extract new criteria in the form of identifying the sharing chapter of the spatial relationship pattern in phase one of Ekbatan town with schemas derived from the biophilia approach, which was achieved through this important and answered question such as “How can we respond to the relationship between the width of the passageway and the entrance attached to the corresponding block in phase one of Ekbatan town using the biofilic strategy by understanding the location of spatial relationships?" It isable to understand the spatial location such as the input and the passageways attached to it based on a ratio such as Fibonacci from the perspective of fractal geometric pattern and in order to recognize common coexistence in terms of spatial relationship composition, a systematic model in defining these relationships can be achieved.

One of the most important problems of urban planners today is the disorder and visual clutter of the urban landscape. Various factors effectively shape the city's image, one of the most important of which is the urban facades. One of the goals of creating a beautiful facade is that it will make the building more attractive and ultimately increase its visual weight and will have a better effect on the mood of the residents and visitors of the building. Dissatisfaction with the current state of facades has led to the efforts of city planners and architects to organize urban facades. One of the ways to help this issue is pathology and providing a model for visual pathology. For this reason, this research seeks to provide a model of the visual pathology process of the urban facade and to achieve this model, it has examined the pathology process of the facade components in creating visual clutter. Finally, this research presents a new pathologic method and process that can be used to examine single-facade and urban facade damage and prepare supporting documents in urban design and development, and provide a checklist to subordinate organizations to assess facade damage (specified codes).