فرشته دادفر

Environmental factors such as electromagnetic waves induce various biological and genetic effects. One of the most important physiological systems involved with electromagnetic fields is the reproductive system. The aim of this research is to investigate blood levels of tumor markers of the uterus and ovaries after receiving short- and mid-term electromagnetic waves emitted from home Wi-Fi equipment.

In this descriptive study, 60 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was considered as control, the second group was placed in the vicinity of Iran cell Wi-Fi waves for 1 hour per day for 10 days, and the third group was in the vicinity of these waves for 3 hours per day for 1 month. After certain periods of time, blood samples were taken and the serum levels of cancer antigen 19-9 and cancer antigen 125 were measured using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by SPSS program using t-test method with significance level of P≤0.05.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the serum levels of uterine and ovarian tumor markers in the third group that were exposed to WiFi waves for a medium period of time in comparison with the control group and the second group which were affected short-term by Wi-Fi waves (P≤0.05), but the concentration of these tumor markers hadn't significant difference between the second groups and control group (P>0.05).

Exposure to electromagnetic fields, depending on the duration and intensity of the wave, can lead to changes in the level of tumor markers of reproductive system components such as the uterus and ovaries. More extensive studies with more samples and also on human samples are recommended to show the potential risks of exposure to electromagnetic waves on carcinogenesis in females.

Measuring learning skills in the perceptual-motor field is a practical approach to a better understanding of brain functions. The bilateral learning transfer task of the brain is a task with the coordination of two hands and the interaction of the cognitive function of the brain hemispheres. The purpose of the current research is to measure the performance of the mental maze and the learning of bilateral neural transmission in right-handed and left-handed people.

This study was of a causal-comparative type using a random sampling of 40 female and male students of Shiraz School of Medical Sciences. The research tools included Peterson's mental maze, the motor learning test of drawing in the mirror, and Chapman's questionnaire.

The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the average error and drawing time in the mirror was much lower in the right-handed group than in the left-handed individuals. The right-handed group had a lower mean mental maze error than the left-handed group.

our findings suggest that right-handed people with superior hand skills perform better in bilateral brain transfer learning tasks and draw the figure in the mirror with less time and error. Moreover, they leave behind better skills in spatial memory, which is responsible for storing information in the environment and spatial orientation.

Since new evidence shows the anti-inflammatory effects of selenium, the aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trial articles on the effect of selenium on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women.

In this study, Clinicaltrials.gov, ISI web of science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched until April 2024, and all randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of selenium on serum CRP levels in pregnant women were selected. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect size and heterogeneity. Cochran’s Q-test and I-squared tests were also used to assess statistical heterogeneity between studies.

The results of the meta-analysis conducted on the clinical trial studies showed that selenium supplementation reduced the serum CRP level by 3.99 mg/L, which was statistically significant (confidence interval (CI): -2.30, -5.6; 0.001˂P), and the heterogeneity between studies was also significant (0.001

The results showed that selenium supplementation can significantly reduce serum CRP levels in pregnant women. However, it seems that more studies in different parts of the world are still needed to confirm the beneficial effects or side effects of selenium supplementation on CRP levels among pregnant women due to the significant heterogeneity among studies.

 Thyme have been used as a medicinal plant traditionally for the treatment of digestive system disorders. In present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of thyme on motility of isolated colon of male rat and its interaction with cholinergic, adrenergic and nitic oxide systems was performed.

Ten adult male rats (180- 250 g) were kept in standard condition for one week. Then rats were anaesthetized by ethyl ether and their colon was isolated and divided in to 1 cm strips. The strips were held to a force transducer and inserted to organ bath contained Tyrode solution. The mechanical activity of strips was recorded by Power Lab system with administration of thyme extract (0.0175 mg/ml) and its solvent in experimental and sham groups, and after administration of acetylcholine, epinephrine and L-NAME drugs. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and independent-samples T-test.

 The result showed a significant decrease in the mechanical activity of isolated colon after administration of the effective dose of thyme extract in base line and after of administration of acetylcholine.
There was no significant difference of mechanical activity of the strips at the presence of extract and its solvent after epinephrine and L-NAME administration.

 It can be concluded that thyme extract caused colon relaxation via inhibition of cholinergic pathway and independent from adrenergic and nitric oxide systems.

Diabetic pateints suffer from a variety of reproductive disorders, including loss of libido and disability in fertility. The therapeutic effects of medical herbs have been proven in the treatment of very diseases, including infertility. The present study has been done to investigate od the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum Tripedale on serum levels of sex hormones in diabetic male rats.

The animals used were 32 adult male rats that divided into four groups of 8. The normal control and diabetic control received distilled water, the sham and diabetic treated groups received 50 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum Tripedale respectively. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes. At the end of the course, blood samples were taken from all groups and blood samples were collected for serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone. The results were evaluated using one way ANOVA and Tukey test.

The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum Tripedale in the diabetic treated group increased serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone.

The findings of this study showed the beneficial effects of the Nectaroscordum Tripedale plant on the secretion of sex hormones in diabetic rats, and therefore this plant can play a role in the treatment of infertility in diabetic patients.

Medicinal herbs are important in the treatment of diabetes. Studies have shown that diabetes causes reproductive changes in the male population. This study aimed to examine the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale on testicular tissue changes in diabetic male rat. In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8, each group). The first and third groups (normal control and diabetic control) received distilled water. The second group (sham) received 50 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract and the fourth and fifth groups (diabetic treatment 1 and 2) received 50 and 100 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale, respectively. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes. At the end of the period, after the anesthesia of the rat, the testicular tissue was isolated and tissue sections were prepared for examination of the testicular tissue changes in the experimental groups. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test using the SPSS software. According to the results of this study, the number of spermatozoa tubes and the number of sperm in the diabetic control group showed a significant decrease compared to normal and control groups (P=0.03). Nectaroscordum tripedale extract increased the number of sperm, and sperm tubes and improved testicular tissues in diabetic rats. It seems that the extract of Nectaroscordum tripedale has effects on reducing testicular tissue degradation and increasing the amount of sperm in diabetic rats.

Gallium citrate radiopharmaceutical is used in nuclear medicine imaging to detect soft tissue tumors and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in parathormone and thyroid stimulating hormones following radiotherapy with gallium citrate. Sixty male rats were assigned randomly to two groups. The first group was considered as control and the second group received 0.03 mCi of gallium citrate by intraperitoneal injection. After 4h hours, blood sample was taken from their heart and the parameters were measured. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in parathyroid hormone, and a significant decrease in thyroid stimulating hormone serum levels of rats treated by gallium citrate.

Considering the importance of the evaluation and identification of BDNF protective pathways, this study was conducted to analyze the expression rate of genes registered in the NCBI database to identify the genes expressed in SH-SY5Y cell line due to BDNF protection and oxidative stress and also to identify the protective pathways of BDNF.
In this study, bioinformatics and NCBI databases and libraries including 48000 datasets were explored and data were collected using Illumina and Bid studio software. In the first phase, sampling was performed manually based on the P-value, and in the second phase, based on the relationship with compatibility of neurons, the Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and linear relationship  were calculated by measuring fit or regression using SPSS version 20.
The Pearson correlation between CMP and CTR data was positive; and the linear regression between them was also positive. The frequency percentage of neuron adapter proteins obtained from CTR data was higher than that from CMP data; and a great number of protective proteins were related to the protection of cell shape and cellular skeleton, and neuron survival.
Due to the contact of neurons with BDNF, some genes are specifically expressed, therefore, BDNF can increase the life and compatibility of neurons.

The menopausal symptoms are the most common problems in postmenopausal women. Due to the side effects of hormone replacement therapy, the use of medicinal herbs has increased for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saliva officinalis on the decreasing of the severity of the menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. The study was performed on 30 postmenopausal women aged 46–58 yr referred to the healthcare center of Darab who experienced various degrees of postmenopausal symptoms. The severity of menopausal symptoms is recorded by a Menopause Rating Scale. Participants received a 100 mg capsule of sage extract daily for 4 wk. The severity of postmenopausal symptoms was compared before and after four weeks of the consumption of sage extract. The results showed the severity of hot flashes, night sweats, panic, fatigue, and concentration had significant differences before and after the consumption of sage extract. It was concluded that Saliva officinalis were effective to change the severity of some of the menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.

The liver is an organ at risk in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. In this study was investigated the alteration in liver functional tests during radiotherapy with gallium 67 and iodine 131. Materials&

60 male wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the control without treatment, the experimental groups 1 and 2 received 0.1Mci 131 iodine through oral gavage 0.3Mci 67Gallium with intraperitoneal injection respectively. 48 hours after injection, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and albumin were checked.

The results showed that level of serum aspartate aminotransferase in 131 iodine group and alanine aminotransferase and albumin significant increased in 131 iodine and 67Gallium than control group.

Regarding liver sensitivity during radiation therapy and elevated serum levels of these enzymes, liver function tests are useful as biomarkers for the detection of raditherapy effects.

X-ray is the one of the types of ionizing electromagnetic rays that is widely used in medical and industrial professions, but also has destructive effects. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of X-ray on count and motility of sperm cells of in adult male rat. 40 male rats were divided into two groups, the treatment group with X-ray with variant radiography and control group, respectively. Then, the total number of sperms and their mobility were analyzed by T-test in both groups. The results showed that X-ray was reduced the total number of sperms significantly. The number of dead and immotile sperms increased in X-treated conditions compared to control group significantly. However, the number of active- progressive and slow motion and non- progressive sperms in the X-ray treated group was not significantly different with the control group. It is concluded that X-ray can have destructive effects on male reproductive systems, including reduction sperm count and motility.

Humans live in the world of the waves and energies; the waves that are emitted from various sources and are harmful. One of the possible side effects of radioactive substances on the body is its effect on the amount of sperm production and fertility. In the present study, the effect of iodine 131, was investigated on the motility and number of sperm in male rat.

In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats were divided into two groups: Treatment group treated with oral gavage of iodine 131 and control group. After 24 hours, the number and motility of sperms in both groups, were analyzed by T statistical test. In this study, there was a significant difference in motility and number of sperm between the iodine 131 treatment group and the control group. Moreover, the number of active progressive and dead immotile sperm in the group treated with iodine 131, respectively, showed significant decrease and increase compared to the control group, but, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the less motile and non-progressive sperms. According to the results of this study, considering iodine 131 is used in the treatment of various diseases, thus, treatment with this method can have harmful effects on male reproductive system, such as motility and sperm count

Today, we are dealing with the waves including, the waves emitted from wireless devices connecting to the Internet, which can have a different negative impact on human health. The aim of the present study was investigated the effect of electromagnetic waves emitted from the tablet connected to internet on the movement and number of sperm in adult male rat. 40 male rats were divided into two control and treatment groups with electromagnetic radiation emitted from a tablet connected to the Internet, respectively. Sperm count and sperm motility in both groups were analyzed by T-test. The results showed that the electromagnetic waves emitted from the tablet connected to the Internet caused a significant decrease in the total number of sperms and had a significant effect on sperm motility. In the treatment group with electromagnetic waves from tablet, the number of healthy and damaged sperm had significantly decrease and increase respectively compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference between semi motile sperms in the two experimental groups. It can be concluded that the electromagnetic waves emitted from the internet-connected tablet lead to reduced count and motility of sperm.

Infertility is a personal crisis. Infertile couples have greater stressors and mental disorders. The present study was carried out to compare of mental health in infertile couples with those in fertile couples. This project was a descriptive corss sectional study. Thirty seven infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques of in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were selected by non-random convenient sampling from the cases admitted to Rooyan Infertility Clinic. They completed demographic information sheet, and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Results demonstrated that the infertile couples had significant difference in the social function disorder as compared to fertile couples. Infertile females had significant difference in the somatic syndrome as compared to infertile males.Infertile males had significant difference in the social function disorder and depression syndrome as compared to fertile males. Longtudinal planning of mental health services for infertile couples specially infertile females,identify high risk couples,their refferal to psychological assessment and consulting,psychotherapy and drug therapy are suggested.

Nowadays, the beneficial effects of nanomaterials are accepted in medicine and industry. Considering the increasing use of nanoparticles and their possible toxicity, the effect of nanoparticles on oxidative stress markers was investigated in this study.
Material & In this experimental- interventional study, 32 Balb mice were divided into 4 groups of 8. The control group received saline, and other three groups received gold, silver, and zinc oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 100 PPM with IP injection during 28 days. After anesthesia, the tissues of liver, heart and lung were removed, and the activity level of oxidative stress markers was evaluated.
MDA level was significantly increased in zinc oxide treatment group in all three tissues and in gold treatment group in liver tissue. This factor showed a significant decrease in silver nanoparticle treatment in these tissues. The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the treatment of silver nanoparticle showed a significant increase. While in the treatment group with zinc oxide and gold nanoparticles, the activity of these enzymes decreased, this decrease was significant only in zinc oxide nanoparticle.
It is concluded that the silver nanoparticle acts as a useful nanoparticle by decreasing MDA and oxidative stress and inducing antioxidant enzymes, while the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle shows its toxicity.

Infertility is a personal crisis. There are different assisted reproductive techniques in the treatment of infertility. Anxiety and stress have been shown to be markedly higher in infertile couples. This study was aimed to compare the frequency and intensity of stressors in infertile couples undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment, Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment and without treatment (control group).
Thirty seven infertile couples undergoing IUI, ICSI and without treatment were selected by non-random convenient sampling from the cases admitted to Rooyan Infertility Clinic. They completed demographic information sheet, and the Stressors Scale. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between duration of infertility with frequency and intensity of stressors. There was no significant correlation between frequency and intensity of stressors with infertility factors. There was also no significant difference in the frequency and intensity of stressors between men and women. There were no differences in the frequency and intensity of stressors between ICSI and IUI with control group. Data showed that there was a significant difference in the frequency of stressors with the group of IUI treatment as well as in the frequency of stressors between ICSI and IUI with control group. Findings demonstrated that there was significant difference between IUI with and without ICSI groups in the frequency and intensity of stress.
IUI, ICSI and control groups as the assisted reproductive techniques can be stressful. Long-term planning of mental health services for infertile couples, identifying couples at risk, convincing couples to refer for psychological assessment, psychotherapy by clinical psychologists, and drug therapy by psychiatrists are suggested.

The growth is a one of biological aspects of fishes and is a good index in order to determine of health of these population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different color lights on condition factor and weight- length relationships (LWR) of rainbow trout. Fertilized eggs of fish were kept under light conditions, 14h light and 10h dark for 5 months at seven lights color of white light(control), azure, blue, green, yellow, orange and red in farm aquaculture. After yolk sac absorption, weight and length of fry were measured by a digital scale and a caliper randomly. Data was analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan and Regression test. The results were showed that the highest and lowest condition factor was observed in yellow and green light respectively, but there wasnt significant different between treatment groups. There was seen significant association between weight- length relationships in different lights. Growth pattern in often lights was isometric in different days. In some of lights, growth pattern was negative allometric. On the base of data of this study, it was concluded that different light can cause similar changes in weight and length of fish. In other words, rainbow trout can growth in different light proportionately.

Elderly people places great value on religious beliefs and behaviors، religion is of significance in their lives and think on the deeper meaning of religious symbols and rituals. Among the elders with any background، religious activity is associated with several positive outcomes such as prevention and reduction of mental disorders، including anxiety and depression. This study investigated the effectiveness of religious teachings on the treatment of Iranian elder with depression. Six patients (3 males، 3 females) participated in a single case experiment with AB design for 8 sessions over a period of two months. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling، following the establishment of baselines for the dependent variables، hey entered the educational program. Improvement index for each variable was considered to be a fall in the curve during treatment period. The instruments used included Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS–15) and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). The findings showed that religious teachings were effective in decreasing depression and dysfunctional attitudes in elderly people. Maintain spiritual and religious issues and strengthen of religious or spiritual beliefs help to alleviate depression in elderly people. Religious teachings can be useful for reducing depression symptoms among elderly people. The generalizability of the results of the present article to other populations with different religions merits further investigation.

Herbal medicines have been used as a therapeutic method for a long time. Ginger with a scientific name of Zingiber officinale from family of Zingibracea، is a one of the medicine herbal. It has a widely use in the traditional medicine and addition to its utilization as a dietary supplement، it is used in medicine frequently since ancient times. It has been used previous the decades، due to the diversity of its active components in the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic spectrum of Ginger is in the treatment of rheumatism، cramps، asthma، nausea، vomiting، hypertension، dementia، fever and infection. The pharmacological actions of Ginger include antioxidant، anti-tumor، anti-apoptosis، anti-inflammation، anti hyperglycemia، anti cough and anti colds effects. The purpose of this study was to review of recent research، also investigation on the photochemical، pharmacological، and physiological properties of Ginger and its biological active components.

Ginger is a plant that was used for bronchodilation from the ancient times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiberofficinale on mechanical activity of isolated trachea and its interaction with nitric oxide system. 15 adult male rats after adapting with their environment for one week were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital and theirs trachea were isolated and divided into 3-mm strips. Then the isolated tracheal strips were divided into control and experimental groups that were inserted to organ bath contained krebs solution. The mechanical activity of trachea was recorded by power lab system. After establishing the basic conditions, in experimental group, hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (0.3mg/ml) and to control group in the same conditions, ethanol 70% as solvent was added. Then, mechanical activity of each group in the presence of L-NAME was recorded. The data were analyzed through paired sample t- test at P ≤ 0.05 as the significant level. The results showed significant decrease of mechanical activity of tracheal strips in the group which was exposed to ginger. These effects were not reversed after administration of L- NAME in comparison with the control group. It can be concluded that ginger has an inhibitory effect on mechanical activity of trachea which is probably independent from nitric oxide system.

Due to the increasing interest in studying the plant extracts in various fields of biology، the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract interaction and adrenergic system on the mechanical activity of the a rat’s isolated trachea. In this experimental study، 15 adult male rats were anesthetized after adaptation to environment. Afterwards، the trachea was removed and divided into 3 mm segments. The isolated tracheal rings of each mouse were divided into control and experimental groups. Next، they were put in tissue baths containing oxygenated Krebs solution، and their mechanical activity were recorded by the transducer and bridge amplifier system. In the experimental group، hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (0. 5 mg/ ml) was added to the tissue bath. In the same conditions، the solvent extract was added to the control group. At the end، the mechanical response of each group in the presence of propranolol and isoprenaline as agonist and antagonist adrenergic system were recorded. The gathered data were analyzed by the paired t-test. In the presence of hydroalcoholic extract of ginger، the mechanical activity of isolated trachea was significantly decreased compared to the controls (p < 0. 05). However، after injection of isoprenaline and propranolol، a significant difference in the mechanical activity of the trachea was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 05). This study showed that the ginger has effects on isolated tracheal relaxation via other routes، except the adrenergic system.

The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was developed to assess temperament including Novelty Seeking (NS), Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Persistence (PS), and Character including Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (CO) and Self Transcendence (ST) dimensions of Cloninger's biopsychosocial model of personality in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of this inventory. In this validity test and standardization study, after translation of TCI into Farsi and back translation, the final form was prepared and administered to 220 students who were selected via simple sampling. Cronbach's alpha procedure and test-retest method was used to assess the reliability, and factor analysis of promax rotation was utilized to determine the validity of the inventory. Correlation of interscales and age with scales of TCI was calculated by Pearson correlation. A comparison of TCI scores between sex and also cross-cultural was down using independent t-test. The alpha cofficients for the inventory ranged from 0.44 for the Persistence scale to 0.81 for the ST scale with a median 0f 0.68. The overall alpha cofficients for the whole inventory was 0.74. The Pearson correlation cofficient for the test-retest on 31 students after two months ranged from 0.53 for Novelty Seeking and Persistence to 0.82 for Harm Avoidance scales and from 0.24 for disorderliness vs regimentation (NS4) to 0.86 for fear of uncertainty vs self-confidene (HA2) subscales. The factor analysis showed six factors. Significant correlations were obtained between scales of Self–Directedness with Harm Avoidance (0.57), Self–Directedness with Cooperativeness (0.46) The current study confirms that Persian version of the Temperament and Character Inventory has satisfactory psychometric properties and acceptable reliability and validity for the use students of university population.

Personality assessment in patients with GID is effective in their diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Surgery in patients with comorbid personality problems may be more worth their condition. This project appraised the personality patterns of GID patients. This was a descriptive-cross sectional study. The subjects of the project were 36 GID patients (22 female, 14 male). They were referred to the clinic of Tehran Psychiatric Institute & Mental Health Research Center for psychological assessment by Legal Medicine Organization. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling and evaluated by DSM based clinical interview and MCMI-II. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The most frequencies of dual symbols were 75(obsessive-narcissistic,4 cases) & 17(schizoied-compulsive,2 cases)combinations. The most frequencies of personality patterns in GID patients were narcissistic(22%) and compulsive(29%). The frequency of personality patterns GID patients is high and this should be taken into account in the assessment and treatment planning of GID patients.

In spite of new medications, there is no effective treatment for OCD patients. At the present time strong association between OCD and the range of bipolar disorders is more evident. In these patients, the change of mood and the appearance of the fast mood cycles during medical therapy with antidepressants is a real hazard. In this view, medical therapy with anti OCD which is not accompanied by antidepressants, is of considerable theoretical and clinical value. This research deals with the assessment of the effect of naltrexone on OCD. This study included 23 patients with OCD who had received clomipramine, fluextine or a combination of both for at least 3 months. Continuing these drugs with the same doses, naltrexone 25-100 mg/day was also started for the patients. Lack of response and unbearable drug side effects occurred in 3 and 4 patients respectively, leading to deletion of these patients from the study. Ultimately 16 patients (9 women and 7 men) took part in this study actively. All the patients were assessed by means of YBOCS before and after treatment. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Kolomogrov-Smirnov and T tests. The grades of minor criteria for obsession, compulsion and total of YBOCS were decreased significantly after treatment and also the severity of OCD reduced. 2 patients remained free of symptoms of OCD for more than 6 months after stopping Naltrexone and the other medications. In this study, OCD was most commonly associated with bipolar disorders. Regarding the small sample size and the openness of the question, the validity of these results is limited, but it appears that Naltrexone is at least effective on some subgroups of OCD especially those associated with bipolar disorders. The study of long term effects of Naltrexone after the termination of treatment is recommended in the future.