فرشیدرضا حقیقی

The balance between safety and operational efficiency of left turn movements at intersections, especially inner city roads, needs special attention. Among the types of intersections, lighted intersections highlight this need more, because at the same time that protected left turn increases safety, unnecessary left turn protection can cause operational delays. increase significantly. The traditional and common safety evaluation methods are mainly based on traffic accident statistics, due to reasons such as the rarity of accidents, inappropriate reporting level, failure to consider the behavioral aspects of road users, and spending a lot of time and money to collect information. It does not have good efficiency for using short-term strategies and before and after studies. Therefore, in the present research, using its own traffic conflict technique, based on events with a higher frequency of occurrence than accidents, a solution is presented to evaluate the intersection safety of conflict related to left turns.

In many countries, the main priority of traffic safety is to implement measures that reduce operational speed and increase compliance with speed limits, because improper speed is recognized as the most important cause of serious traffic accidents. Traffic calming measures are engineering measures that reduce the number and severity of traffic accidents by significantly reducing the speed of vehicles, and thus improve road safety. In this study, 28 flat and arcuate speed humps of Mahmudabad to Chalous axis with a length of approximately 80 km due to high density of residential areas and the growth of small communities along the main intercity road, as a representative of physical calming devices and speed display sign as a representative of perceptual calming devices were selected and modeling the speed selection of drivers in dealing with this type of traffic calmer using indicators such as speed hump height, speed hump width, speed hump entrance slope, initial speed, The difference between the initial velocity and the allowable velocity displayed on the speed display sign, in the Neural network (MLP) platform was done. The output results of the model indicate that this model was able to predict the speed selected by users by receiving the mentioned specifications.

Pedestrian red light violation is one of the crucial causes of pedestrian crashes at urban intersections, which cause considerable injuries and casualties to this vulnerable road group every year. The objective of this study is to evaluate the risk of pedestrian-vehicle collisions by clustering the pedestrians' redlight violations using surrogate safety measures. The present study utilized surveillance camera footage for the purpose of collecting data on pedestrians' red light violations at two urban intersections in Babol city. Based on the critical thresholds of post-encroachment time (PET), time to collision (TTC), and gap time (GT), the Chi-means algorithm identified three different risk levels of violations. Moreover, structural equation models were developed for each of the risk levels based on the variables influencing the variables of humans, environment, road, and vehicles. Lastly, an initial framework regarding the promotion of traffic safety culture was proposed with emphasis on the human factor due to its greater influence.

Road network is one of the main infrastructure developments and it is considered as the national capital. Maintaining this huge capital requires long-term planning and continuous activity of maintenance. In the past, traditional maintenance methods were focused on activities intrinsically or structures. Because preventative maintenance measures to increase pavement life-time service-systems and decrease the cost of long-term facilities, the theory carry out maintenance before the start of the collapse of the pavement is been considered by managers. Crowded intercity routes of Mazandaran province, especially in the tourist region studied in this research that was chosen because of high traffic and vehicle traffic. In order to solve this issue, after coding in MATLAB software, based on mathematical models and algorithms different states based on different period, the number of choosing the path of repairs category and a limited budget is defined, then desired results is obtained. The characteristics of solutions is defined in different states and changes in cost, utility and total number of selected routes as well as maintenance paths of selection from each category is analyzed.

The bridges as important links are connected all road networks and railways That a huge investment is needed to build them. In addition, bridges are considered as important points of vital arteries. If the bridges due to old age, exhaustion, overload, weather conditions, natural disasters and etc. destroyed, repair works are much more costly than the budget needed for the maintenance of them. Available budgets for reconstruction and maintenance, usually is not enough to maintain a constant state throughout the lifetime of the bridges. Due to the large number of bridges and high maintenance costs, it is not possible to repair and pay for maintenance of bridges simultaneously. In this study, the life cycle cost is calculated based on maintenance period of railway using multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Sensitivity analysis, furthermore, is done on deterioration rate and reduction of deterioration rate and effect of these parameters on system performance are analyzed.

Bridges by any design, and any materials, signs of wear will be appear sooner or later, but several factors such as climate situation, flood or earthquake, increasing in overloading, design quality and performance and kinds of materials effect on kind and rate of this wear and development rate. Regardless to these factors can cause decreasing useful life of structures and/or their destruction. Base on critical role of bridges in civil structures and also possibility of destruction of each bridge from civil structure view is necessary. In this research we investigate role of Babolsar bridges and their effectiveness on civil structure in this city. In order to these factors such as cost of destruction, environmental losses, the importance of road and death caused by the destruction of bridges were investigated. And finally base on estimating all parameters by VIKOR multi criteria decision method that is a modern methods in multi criteria decision, use priorities main bridges in Babolsar from urban structure. Obtained results from evaluating bridge's situation, show that first bridge of this city from urban structure is very important and must be considered carefully and should be repair and maintenance priory.

Variable-message signs (VMS) are traffic control devices providing drivers with information along their way. In view of emerging conditions such as the increasing social role of inter-city routes, formation of small communities along them, and the high speed of vehicles in these areas that deteriorates safety, this study aims to use a special type of variable-message sign to help reduce the speed of vehicles on a key road in the Iranian Mazandaran Province. In this study, using affordable and compatible speed sensors, the speed of vehicles was recorded before and after the installation of the variable-message sign, to measure its effect on the speed, using special speed sensors. The device was equipped with infrared speed sensors (PIRs), wirelessly connected to the sign using IOT technology, and the speed of passing vehicles is detected by these sensors, and displayed online on the variable-message sign screen. The effect of the variable-message sign was measured using the average speed, the 85th percentile speed, and the speed of vehicles in different distances, i.e. 50 m, 30 m, 20 m before the sign, on the VMS, 20 m and 50 m after the sign. The results showed a 7% decrease in the average speed of vehicles in general; and respectively 6.5%, 11%, 11.3%, 3.7%, 6.3%, and 5.3% decrease at 50 m, 30 m, and 20 m before the sign, on the VMS, 20 m and 50 m after the sign, compared to the speeds recorded before the installation of the sign. Moreover, the 85th percentile speed at 20 m, 30 m, 50 m before the sign, on the VMS, 20 m and 50 m after the sign decrease 6, 7, 7, 4, 3, 3, 3 km/h respectively.

While transportation decisions can potentially affect a large percentage of the total households living in cities and create exclusion between different social groups, inequity in transportation is seldom considered and the concept is not explicitly explained in the field of transport, and studies have considered transport only as a marginal example to advance broader issues. Therefore, many scholars continue to attempt to influence these debates using various theories. In this regard, employing descriptive-analytical techniques, this study seeks to present a model, based on a "capability approach”, that is capable of using data on the characteristics of inhabitants, urban habitat indexes, and transportation system performance and evaluates people freedom of choice to meet their basic needs. To this end, it sets a "capability index" by presenting a scenario for 16 people with different characteristics residing in one block. The results of the model implementation show that the largest difference in the capability index for individuals is influenced by the variables of car ownership, income, and disability. Besides, the younger age group is more sensitive to these variables, so the decrease in these variables will lead to a greater reduction in the capability index for younger people than their older counterparts. As a result, this model will be able to measure the freedom and equity for different social groups and propose policymaking in an urban area.

Dynamic site layout is identifying the optimum location for temporary equipment, materials, and other available tools and offices at construction sites. The Site layout is classified as a dynamic problem because the necessary equipment is changed continuously during the project lifetime. Some research investigated this issue in recent years and tried to develop various algorithm to solve such problem due to its complexity. In this study, a linear programming model is proposed to minimize total transportation cost among different parts, relocation cost for moveable facility, and transportation cost between warehouse and other parts. An invasive weed optimization algorithm is developed to solve large scale problems. Computational results show that different layout is obtained based on priorities considered for each parts so that their layout can be changed if priority is varied. To validate the proposed algorithm, its results for small scale problem is compared with results obtained from solving it in GAMS software. Results obtained from proposed algorithm for small problem reveal that they are so close to obtained from exact method. Furthermore, scenarios analysis indicates that the proposed meta heuristic algorithm is outperformed, thus the proposed IWO algorithm can be applied for solving large scale problem in real world.

Natural disasters have always existed as natural phenomena during the life of the planet. The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, storms, etc. has often left destructive impacts on human settlements and has caused heavy casualties on its inhabitants and has imposed heavy economic and social burdens on human societies and countries of the world. . In view of the increasing population, especially in the Third World and developing countries, on the other hand, population density and settlement in old-fashioned and old-fashioned urban contexts and the emergence of problems caused by these issues, cities and cities in particular Babylon has been exposed to adverse effects and management abnormalities. Because the vacant areas have quickly become residential uses, the magnitude of the earthquake hazards has increased as a result. Therefore, the need to reduce the city's vulnerability to earthquakes has become one of the main goals of physical planning and urban planning. In this research, data and information were collected in both documents and field and analyzed in the ArcGIS software environment and after analyzing the risk and vulnerability of the region, it was examined whether the city of Babylon after the emergence of a The earthquake can have the least financial and fatal losses, and there are facilities and facilities available in the city that respond to the conditions of the crisis. Finally, some areas of Babylon were identified as having a high risk of earthquake, and solutions were presented for crisis management in these areas.

Considering that the mission of the project organization management is to create a commitment to the timetable, which prevents project delays and increases associated costs, and accept the fact that the delay in the completion time of the project results in the non-economization of the project, Therefore, the necessity of using proper planning and control methods seems necessary. One of the new methods used in project planning and control, which today focuses on many researchers, is the critical chain management method. In this research, multi-project scheduling with resource constraint in the critical-chain model has been investigated. In general, RCMPSP seeks to find the right sequence for project activities, so that the constraints of the priority of the project network and the various types of resource constraints in the project are met simultaneously. To this end, a multi-objective optimization model has been developed to solve this problem, with its stated objectives, the completion time of the entire project, the cost of the overall project implementation, and the quality of the implementation of the project activities. Also, the critical chain approach, as a new method of project management, has been used for project scheduling and particle swarm optimization algorithm for solving proposed model of this research.

Due to the increasing number of vehicles and the growth of accident rates in recent years, traffic safety should be considered more than ever. Since the high speed of vehicles is always one of the main causes of accidents and also a large number of these accidents occur in accidental areas, speed management in these areas with the aim of reducing speed is very important in reducing accidents and increasing safety; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the speeds of vehicles due to the installation of safety measures in one of the most accidental local areas of Mazandaran province.

In this study, boards were used according to the needs of the region and based on existing instructions. In order to evaluate the effect of these signs on the speed of vehicles, studies were conducted in two sections before and after the implementation of measures in the study area of Azarak located in the axis of Kandovan. Then, velocity perceptions were performed to check the seasonal changes and increase the accuracy of the census at the control points.

The study in this study showed a decrease in average speed of 85% of vehicles. Also, the highest decrease in average speed by separating light and heavy vehicles,4.78 and 4.32, respectively were reported at a distance of 75 meters from the location of first sign. Evaluation of mean data changes was also used in before and after studies.

The results showed significant differences between the data of the two communities. In addition, the effect of the signs on the deceleration of vehicles among light vehicles was greater than that of heavy vehicles.

Nowadays traditional point of view is not able to meet the needs of construction project management. Therefore, the use of modern management approaches can be greatly helpful. The first step to reach this goal is to identify and verification variety of projects in terms of linear or network types, the difference in project and multi-project management, management and execute methods. In this research, critical chain management method is used instead of critical path method to provide more practical schedule. The proposed method solves a scheduling problem with time/resource tradeoff to provide a minimum-makespan deterministic schedule which will generally be a good starting point for project execution. Also to overcome the risk in the case, schedulers have a medium risk coefficient based on cognitive style. Anyway, the change of parameter β will give a little change in project duration. The proposed method is useful for both project planning and execution. The methods is simple, practical and can be easily computerized. It should be noted that although the advances in the field of computers and computing speed and information processing it is done, we still need to project manager and human using engineering vision, experience and knowledge can choose the best algorithm for each project to be felt.

The bridges with any form of structure that are designed and made with any kind of materials that are being manufactured, sooner or later, appear in their burnout effects, but in the type and extent of these exhaustions and their expansion, there are several factors such as conditions Atmospheric, flood or earthquake occurrence, increase in load over design, design quality, and type of materials affecting all of these factors, if not addressed, will lead to a reduction in the useful life of the structure. Therefore, handling bridges and timely maintenance of them will increase the useful life of the bridges. In this research, the evaluation bridges of Mazandaran province has been considered for the needs of maintenance. In order to carry out this research, firstly, the field visits of high importance bridges in Mazandaran province (more than 100 bridges have been investigated and evaluated in this research), and the failure and defect status of each of these bridges As well as the condition of these bridges against the factors such as traffic load and river bed, were studied. After conducting field visits and collecting the required results, we have studied the priority of each of the bridges in Mazandaran province regarding the need for maintenance. Also, in order to determine the amount of costs necessary for the maintenance of bridges, experts in this field were used and each bridge was evaluated separately and finally the amount of repair cost needed for each bridge was identified.

Todays, transportation is one of the main elements of economic prosperity in the world and railway is one of the most important methods of transportation in Iran and in the world, which the main reason of its utilization is the appropriate cost against the capability of a great mass of goods and a large number of passenger’s transportation. Population growth and development of economic relations have led to increase utilization of transportation infrastructures, especially railways. Our country is not an exception and knowing that the railway system is one of the oldest transportation arteries, it is in danger of amortization and destruction. Bridges, as the most important road and railway infrastructure, have the most vulnerable in utilization increase phenomena that some signs of vulnerability are seen in parts of the railway system in recent years, and set the authorities thinking. The important point is that if regular maintenance and retrofitting programs in order to increase the capacity of these bridges are not arranged, it will lead to irreparable consequences. In order to help Iran bridge management system with considering all above issues, the present study prioritizes the need for maintenance and also optimization of corrective actions of the bridges of Zirab – Gorgan part in Garmsar – Gorgan line of north and north-east 2 Islamic Republic of Iran railway by the study on them. To do that, the multi – objective particle swarm optimization Meta-heuristic algorithm is used for the optimization of corrective actions. Also considering the four scenarios to select the number of bridges under repair and 16 conditions of problem to be solved by the defined algorithm, the proper and optimized conditions is introduced in different scenarios and budgets to use in maintenance strategies and the most effectiveness achievement.

In the study, the safety of students passing through the street by the slowdown of vehicles was examined. To this end, two plans were introduced as traffic tools near a school in Babol, Mazandaran province. The studies of before and after the speeds showed that the implementation of the cross-passage of pedestrians on the route (the first plan) resulted in a mean average speed of all vehicles of 3.66 mph, while the average speed reduction for the second plan "The school text" on the pavement (reported at a rate of 5.26 km / h). The rate of 85% reduction in all vehicles with the implementation of the first plan was 3.36 km / h, but the reduction of 6.86 km / h for the 85% speed of vehicles after the implementation of the second plan indicated the greater impact of the implementation of this plan. Also, the speed reduction rates differed from one gender to another. For male drivers, the average speed reduction after the first and second plans was respectively 3.97 and 5.27 km / h, respectively, while these figures were reported to be 3.78 and 6.21 km/ h for female drivers.

The sensitivity of slump flow of self-compacting concrete containing metakaolin to its ingredient materials and mixture proportions, necessitate the use of high accuracy models to guarantee both estimation and generalization features. Therefore this paper investigates the potential of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and model tree (MT) approaches in prediction of slump flow of self-compacting concrete. Total of 117 data collected from the several published literature were used in present work. The data used in proposed models are arranged in a format of eight input parameters including cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water, metakaolin, super plasticizer, binder and maximum size of aggregates (Dmax) and one output as slump flow. To evaluate the precision of the models, a comparative study has been performed in terms of RMSE, R and MAE indices. The results of training and testing datasets of the techniques are compared with experimental results and their comparisons demonstrate that the MARS and MT models have potential to predict concrete properties with great precision. Performed sensitivity analysis to assign effective parameters on slump flow was indicating fine aggregate and metakaolin is most effective variable for modeling and prediction in this type of the self-compacting concrete using MT technique in this study

In this study, the effectiveness of these measures in reduction of vehicles speed has been considered, considering the extensive use of speed humps and humps as physical traffic calming measures in Iran, especially in the northern provinces (due to high accesses, interference of social roles and displacement of road, and the significant difference between speed of vehicles and speed limit). This study was carried out to determine the relationship between geometric characteristics of humps and vehicles speed in 90 different areas of roads in eastern part of Mazandaran province. Since the studied sample consisted of all types of humps, including arches and beds and they performed in different functional classes of roads, they were categorized for better examination and Separately, each geometric feature was identified. and the speed of vehicles were determined individually around them. The speed of the vehicle was recorded at a few points before, on the humps and then it was recorded using a speedometer camera , and their dimensions were surveyed accurately by using the Total Station camera. Finally , data was evaluated using linear regression model in SPSS software and has been presented the main factors affecting vehicle speed reduction and models related to speed reduction. Considering the high number of selected humps in the study, the results of this research showed that it is possible to use these models to design and implement humps for passage speed and different specific speeds; in addition, these models could evaluate the effectiveness of the humps in speed reduction, and determine the speed profile at different distances from the humps in a high level of confidence.

Believing in the fact that an activity can be performed through several methods or states, or that there may be several executive states for activities with different numbers of resources in real conditions, the scheduling obtained from different methods with different combinations of time, resources, and quality need to be evaluated and optimized. These are referred to as project scheduling problems with multistate resources. On the other hand, application of the theory of constraints to project management has led to the development of a novel approach in project planning and control known as the critical chain. The present paper seeks to use the critical chain technique and simultaneous time-cost-quality trade off. In this study, the multi-objective problem of time-cost-quality trade off has been solved using the high capability of the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm in optimization and the critical chain technique, so that the most appropriate sequence and executive state of activities is found such that time, cost, and quality are optimized and close to reality. The optimization algorithm programming was coded in the MATLAB software, and the target results were extracted. For evaluation of the proposed model, two case studies with 7 and 18 activities have been solved. Furthermore, a project with 60 activities where the time-cost-quality trade off had been established were used for validation of the proposed algorithm, and new results were extracted. The results demonstrated that the developed algorithm has had correct, proper performance, in such a way that it is capable of generating several Pareto solutions with different time, cost, and quality values. Furthermore, the results have been reported separately based on the best time, cost, and quality, which makes it possible for the project managers to select the better solutions given their priorities in the project.

Statistics injured and killed pedestrians in recent years accidents, it is an expression of vulnerability of them. Identify risk factors interact is one of the important ways of understanding the causes of accidents. In this study, risk factors of interactions using logistic regression and Dream (analysis error and reliability, driving) methods, were compared with each other. Data were collected, using naturalistic driving studies (NDS) 29 driver bahavior at 289 interactions in the city of Babol during peak hours. The results showed that drivers and pedestrians risk behaviors, such as driving at high speed or running affect on interactions. The results of logistic regression due to statistical tests are accuracy and high reliability in identifying the risk factors of interaction, however, study in detail due to multiple diagrams is possible using the Dream method.

The construction and maintenance of structural pavement was a high-cost problem in last decade. The mechanical properties of self compacting concrete (SCC) required important factors .From its mechanical properties, the compressive strength (CS) is necessary to investigate experimental and computational intelligence analysis in construction materials. Developing models with accurate estimation for this key property caused to saving costs and time and producing an optimal blend. Because of the many advantages, using of SCC in structures is increasing. Construction of precast-prefabricated components, with the use of concrete has also recently been considered. Concrete properties have significant role in precast-prefabricated girders behavior. Exact prediction of these properties is the base of member’s analysis and design. The main purpose of this study is presents new formulation to estimate the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete containing rice husk ash (RHA) using robust variant of genetic programming, namely gene expression programming (GEP) method. To evaluate the performance of the GEP-based proposed model, prediction was also done using classical data driven methods named artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models.  A large and reliable experimental database containing the results of 156 compressive strength of SCC incorporating RHA is collated through an extensive review of the literature. The performance of proposed models of CS is then assessed using the database, and the results of this evaluation are presented using selected performance measures. New expressions for the estimation of CS of SCC are developed based on the database. To evaluate the modeling performances of the proposed GEP models for CS, different statistical metrics were used. Correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) were used as the measure of precision. The results showed that the models developed using the aforementioned methods have accuracy over 90 percent in prediction of CS of SCC. The results of testing datasets are compared to experimental results and their comparisons demonstrate that the GEP model (R=0.94, RMSE= 4.308 and MAE=4.916) outperforms ANN (R=0.92, RMSE= 5.136 and MAE=5.624) and MLR (R=0.89, RMSE= 8.212 and MAE=9.472). Proposed models have a strong potential to predict compressive strength of self compacting concrete incorporating rice husk ash with great precision. The importance of different input parameters is also given for predicting the compressive strengths at various ages using gene expression programming. Performed sensitivity analysis to assign effective parameters on compressive strength indicates that cementitious binder content is the most effective variable in the mixture. The assessment results present that the performance of the proposed models are in close agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, the new GEP-based formulation provides improved estimates of the compressive strength of SCC compared to ANN and MLR models. The proposed design equation can readily be used for pre-design purposes or may be used as a fast check on deterministic solutions.