شیرین طغیانی

Over the past few decades, the increasing growth of cities has caused extensive changes in different regions of the world. This trend in industrial cities and metropolises, with the provision of comfort facilities, has led to the expansion of their physical dimensions and has brought various consequences. Changes of initial form of the urban area’s is one of the most important factors of the physical growth of the cities which has a direct impact on the surrounding environment. In the past, mankind has tried to examine, plan and even adapt preventive methods for cases where environmental changes took effect suddenly and in a short period, such as floods and storms, based on historical data and records, the causes and conditions of its occurrence to predict. But only during the last few decades, those changes that have had long term effects, such as climate change, without any objective representation, have been measured and investigated with different methods and found its harmful effects. Mankind has not yet found a special solution for it.

The purpose of this research is to study the orientation of theories focused on the Urban Form and Climate Change, with a descriptive-analytical method and using systematic review’s of data which the output was 39 selected sources out of 705 selected articles from the Scholar Google, Scopus and Web of Science database, determines why and how they are specified and which one is distinguished from the other. Due to the contrast of two variables and the multidisciplinary nature of this research, the issue of urban form has had more weight in opinion raised. Due to a better review, references from 1960 to 2020 were selected and the main keywords were considered without any specific geographical restrictions.

in this research, the urban form has been examined as the physical part of a city, considering all its details and conditions. Studies show that the researches conducted in the filed of the Urban Form have longer history than Climate Change, but these studies are not consistent with the opposition of these two variables and no proper planning has been done in this regard. The findings of the research indicate that in the proposed theories, the physical development of cities has an inverse correlation with the climate, it has become more serious over the past 30 years, and the urban form theories have not been a deterrent factor in changing the physical form of the cities to control climatic conditions. In order to investigate the mutual effect of urban form and climate change, two important points should be considered. First, the basic changes of the city should be examined in specific period that had the most impact, and secondly, the climate change process should be examined in the same time frame. These points help to better analyze what is needed to reduce climate impact.

The most important factors in examining the mutual effects of changing the urban form and climate change include knowing the geographical location, the physical shape, size of cities, the distance between cities, development process and challenges. It is believed that many theories based on urban form could act in a way to propose a preventive plan regarding the climate change challenge. The components of this research have gained importance over the past years with the intensification of climate change effects, but it still has an unknown part of a puzzle that if there is a change in the from of today’s cities, can we imagine better condition for the climate in the future?

Traditionalism as an approach in contemporary philosophy has a highly critical stance towards modernity. The opinions and critical views of traditionalists towards modernity in various fields, including the philosophy of art, have caused their views to be taken into account in the urbanism and architecture. Although almost none of the famous traditionalist theorists were architects or urban planners, their serious criticisms of modernity, has helped to shape the concepts such as the desanctification of the city space and the "secularization" of space and time. Also, Burkhart and Seyed Hossein Nasr works on Islamic art and the pathology of Islamic civilization have been created seriously prominent and influential in urbanism and Islamic architecture, especially in Iran. At the same time, the opinions of traditionalists have faced serious criticism. This article tries to make an assessment of the achievements and shortcomings of this school, especially in the field of Islamic Iranian urbanism, by examining the traditionalist viewpoints and the criticisms leveled at theme and analysis of the effectiveness and capability of traditionalist viewpoints in the process of realizing the Islamic-Iranian city. This article reviews traditionalism according to its terminological definition. The above-mentioned traditionalists have suffered extremes and excesses. In this article, it is tried to introduce other approaches of fundamentalist traditionalists who have expressed the comprehensive and deeper relation between Islam and the creation of artworks, architecture and urbanism. It is also necessary to introduce these approaches for further and complementary of this research.  This research came to the conclusion that a large part of the achievements of traditionalism in contrast with modernity is in the position of criticism of modernity, using the method of library documents in the information gathering stage and the method of logical reasoning in the analysis and inference stage. In such a way that the pathology of the adverse consequences of modernity in urbanism and architecture has been able to inspire and motivate many thinkers, experts, professors and decision-makers; However, in practice and in terms of realization and achieving the Islamic city, it has not been very successful. In this text, an attempt was made by exploring and examining this issue to reach an approach for the realization of the Islamic city.

The urban space belongs to the general citizens of each city and other individuals present in the city. Therefore, urban planners should aim to create comfort and security for citizens to improve the urban space through appropriate and proficient management. The purpose of this research was to investigate the desirability of urban space in Ahwaz. The research methodology employed a quantitative approach in a descriptive-analytical manner, and the statistical population consisted of all citizens aged 15 and above in Ahwaz in 2020. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 375 was estimated, considering all urban areas of Ahwaz as a cluster. The collected information was analyzed using the SPSS software, employing a one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The results indicate that the desirability of urban space in Ahwaz falls below the standard and desirable level, with District 2 being in a more favorable situation among the eight districts of Ahwaz.

Today, the need to examine the future in the framework of future research models and with a strategic planning approach is critical. In terms of the present article's purpose and the descriptive-analytical research method, it is in line to identify and analyze the explanatory drivers of strategic planning in Isfahan. Targeted documentary and Delphi methods were used to identify conceptual indicators. The sample size is experts and specialists related to the research topic (30 people), who were selected from among 100 experts, city managers, and university professors (statistical community). The current research has analyzed the strategic planning components of Isfahan city by using the cross-effects analysis technique, one of the standard and accepted forecasting methods, and the Micmac program. For this purpose, all the factors involved in strategic planning were analyzed and investigated by studying the documents using the Delphi method;39 components in 4 areas (physical, cultural-social, institutional-management, structural-process) were used as indicators. Strategic planning methods were extracted. Among the 39 mentioned factors, after examining how and how much these factors affect each other on the future state of Isfahan city with direct and indirect methods, ten key factors play the most role in the future state of strategic planning of Isfahan metropolis were chosen. The results show that the evaluation and application of strategic planning in the city of Isfahan requires a comprehensive and multifaceted view because The realization of strategic planning in this city is related to the solid structural connection between these drivers.

There is humanity. Justice at the level of the system of existence means a kind of balance and proportionality in the system of existence and putting everything in its place, which is the qualitative proportionality that is also called developmental justice. Appropriate location, attention to the environment, use of appropriate materials, appropriateness of structure and architecture, avoiding futility and paying attention to man and all levels of his needs in architecture are among the principles of architecture, the need to pay attention to them is inevitable in the formation of rational or justice-oriented architecture. All the features that are associated with the word appropriateness or appropriateness are some examples of qualitative proportions in Iranian architecture, the proportion of the relationship between sizes, and in the visual arts, it indicates the appropriate relationship between the parts with each other and with the whole formed from the parts. Many examples of beautiful proportions and especially the golden ratio are found in nature (quantitative proportions). Also, in the architectural works of the past, especially the architectural works of Iran in the Islamic period, beautiful proportions have a deep and wide application. In addition to the relationship between sizes, qualitative proportions or in other words occasion are also considered in places of the creation system and in constructions and are considered as a manifestation of central justice. In this research, by examining the quantitative and qualitative proportions in the creation system and in Islamic architecture, the relationship between the two has been explained. In this regard, by studying the concepts and examples of quantitative and qualitative proportions as well as theories related to Islamic art in a descriptive-analytical method and with logical reasoning, the conclusion was reached that proportions in the quantitative and qualitative dimension are a manifestation of God's goodness in manifested creatures. It is found and then perceived by the artist and its reflection is manifested in human works including architecture. God's goodness that is manifested in the creations in art in the form of geometry, proportions, harmony, rhythm, balance, etc. is revealed by the artist. In architecture, geometry and proportions are the expression of God's justice and destiny and the manifestation of His goodness, which the artist has reflected. Justice in architecture and urban planning is interpreted as balance and all-round and inclusive proportions, that is, quantitative proportions and qualitative relationships, and compliance with proportion means beauty in its true sense.

Todaychr('39')s, the need to belong is one of the substantial basic human needs, in which the location dimension of this comprehensive need reveals the relationship between humans and location. Interest in nature and its elements could significantly affect the userschr('39') relationship with built environments and their sense of belonging. In this regard, the natural urban elements have long been known as signs. Here, such urban signs, physically or mentally, via impressive quality and features, can play an outstanding role in providing a memorable image of urban places. The Madi that move from the southwest to the northeast of Isfahan has affected the texture and the surrounding area and the historical, physical, and social characteristics of the location where they passed. The interaction of two factors, namely humans and the environment, represents their active and passive effect. Humans give meaning to locations and act based on their environmentschr('39') cultural values ​​following them. paper seeks to answer two main questions as follows: 1- What factors can be categorized as the physical-environmental elements of the Madi that affect the sense of belonging? 2- What is the effect of the functional and perceptual factors, a concept derived from Madischr('39')s physical-environmental factors, on the sense of belonging? Meanwhile, the proposed hypotheses are as follows: Hypothesis 1: Readability, uniqueness, the sense of calm, comfort, coziness, and familiarity are some of the physical-environmental components affecting the sense of belonging of inhabitants. Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between the functional and perceptual factors, a concept derived from the physical-environmental factors of the Madi, and the sense of belonging of inhabitants. The field study was implemented by collecting data from the neighborhoods adjacent to the Madi using a questionnaire and a survey method. The studychr('39')s statistical population was then considered to the inhabitants adjacent to Isfahan Madi using the regular random sampling with a sample size of 100 people. The data achieved from the questionnaire were then analyzed by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. After estimating the path analysis model, it is found that the factor burden of physical-environmental effect can affect first on functional factors (0.905) via components of self-sufficiency and enjoyment of the active location, and secondly on perceptual factors (0.746) via components of satisfaction, desire, honor, humanitarianism, and compatibility are effective. Furthermore, according to the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a direct relationship between the beautiful nature resulting from the existence of the Madi and four components including readability, uniqueness, sense of calm and comfort, coziness and familiarity, and functional and perceptual factors, which affects the userschr('39') relationship with the environment as well as increases the sense of belonging to the neighboring inhabitants of the Madi.

Today, it is critical to apply the teachings and experiences of the past by using the models, especially a conceptual model making use of a local theory being compatible with the context of our country in order to improve the urban environment, such as renovating urban decay. Therefore, this research based its framework on a new process to achieve positive changes in rejuvenating decay areas. In this article, the "Balanced Renovation of Urban Decay" Theory was first explained and it was used in a case study (central urban decayed tissue of Zanjan). The results of the first step were used for "dynamic modeling of decayed networks". The research variables used for modeling included a large number of indicators, components and social elements of the urban decay, resulting from valid theoretical sources and field studies, questionnaires, as well as using the experts’ opinions through Delphi method. This is while they are finally reduced to important and effective indicators using factor analysis method. The present study was applied in terms of objective and a survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study consisted of the residents and users of the decay central part of Zanjan, i.e., 375 citizens selected as the sample population by random sampling. The findings of this study in the "Balanced Renovation Model" suggested that the urban decay of central Zanjan was out of balance from a social dimension and the priorities for action to balance the area were determined. The output of the "Dynamic Software System Model" also indicated that system will be moving in an unbalanced direction in the future. Dynamic system models also confirm the accuracy of Balanced Theory results.Today, it is critical to apply the teachings and experiences of the past by using the models, especially a conceptual model making use of a local theory being compatible with the context of our country in order to improve the urban environment, such as renovating urban decay. Therefore, this research based its framework on a new process to achieve positive changes in rejuvenating decay areas. In this article, the "Balanced Renovation of Urban Decay" Theory was first explained and it was used in a case study (central urban decayed tissue of Zanjan). The results of the first step were used for "dynamic modeling of decayed networks". The research variables used for modeling included a large number of indicators, components and social elements of the urban decay, resulting from valid theoretical sources and field studies, questionnaires, as well as using the experts’ opinions through Delphi method. This is while they are finally reduced to important and effective indicators using factor analysis method. The present study was applied in terms of objective and a survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study consisted of the residents and users of the decay central part of Zanjan, i.e., 375 citizens selected as the sample population by random sampling. The findings of this study in the "Balanced Renovation Model" suggested that the urban decay of central Zanjan was out of balance from a social dimension and the priorities for action to balance the area were determined. The output of the "Dynamic Software System Model" also indicated that system will be moving in an unbalanced direction in the future. Dynamic system models also confirm the accuracy of Balanced Theory results.

Place is the most fundamental concept in architecture and is a necessity of architectural design, and since we face changes in our understanding of place notion in the modern era which have had distinctly profound and sometimes unpleasant effects on modern and subsequent designs- in a way that architecture has largely neglected its primary task of making the noble place of human life, and its responsibility in human dwelling dimension- in order to find the roots of the evolution in place nature and its meaning, we will answer these two question: what the concept of place has been for ancient thinkers? What have been the reasons for changing the understanding of place in the modern era? How these changes have affected the understanding of place in modern architecture? and yet we will try to understand the concepts of place in ancient Greece (as the origin of western thoughts especially modern thinking) versus the modern, and finally the main findings of this study are the massive semantic transformation of place in modern age and its replacement by space in modern architecture design which mainly is the result of major attention paid to the extendedness of place, the emergence of functionalism in degradation of place, and the commercialization of place.

Implementing the urbanism science has increased recently in Iran. Utilization of this imported science in Iran without sufficient attention to has resulted in contemporary confused cities. These matters have motivated urbanism researchers to naturalize urbanism science through valuable old texts written by Muslim scholars. Up to now, "Nahj_al-Balagha", "Shahnameh of Ferdowsi", "Hafez's Divan", "Mosibatname of Attar", "Nasir Khusraw's Safarname", "Haft-Peikar of Nezami" and "Ibn Kaldun's Moghadame" have been used by researchers in the texts of urbanism or architecture. The titles, sentences, themes and contents of these texts were extracted and employed in urbanism texts. This article emphasizes on usage of old Persian texts for production or indigenization of urbanism science and offers the method for it. There are three steps to achieve this purpose.1) Firstly, two subjects were defined in the theoretical part:The process of science production was defined to include six stages: worldview, philosophy, paradigm, theory, model and phenomenon. The weakness in theorization is the most important issue in Iranian Urbanism. In addition, western science has mostly been imported to Iran from "theory" stage. Therefore, it's necessary to focus on "Theory" stage or "Theorization".Among different subjects of old valuable texts, "mystical ethics" is selected in this article, as mysticism and ethics had been employed in Iran's tradition cities. Also, Mystical ethics are matched with stages of "Islamic monotheism worldview", "Islamic philosophy" and "Islamic paradigm". Moreover, the goal of mystical ethics is personality prosperity and then social prosperity. 2) Secondly, In the A section, there is a way of "Theorization" that has been accepted by Muslim scholars. It has four levels: 1- the ideas, 2- discovery of the relationship, 3- description and expansion, 4- implementation.In the B section, there is an accepted method for usage a text. This famous method has been called "Zaherieh and Batenieh" and includes multiple steps.3) Finally, both of the processes ("Theorization" and "Zaherieh and Batenieh") are united to make up the final method for employing of old Persian texts in order to produce or indigenize the theories of Iranian urbanism. This method includes the following instructions.The brief rules in the texts of mystical ethics are used as "Ideas" in urbanism theories.The rules of mystical ethics have apparent and ambiguous meanings. So it's necessary to acquire them according to proposed method.It is necessary to create a relationship between the ethical code and urbanism subject. This step is called "discovery of the relationship". (The gained meanings in the previous stage will be of help to this step). There are two states in this part: if ethical rule has a relationship with existing theory, it would be transformed into a native theory; otherwise, a new theory should be created.The "expansion" stage includes enough description for growing up the hidden theory. One way is comparing ethics and the fact in the city. If there is a difference, the ethical code must be prevailed.The "implementation" step is suggested as a subject of a future article.

Maadi's are the distinguishing characteristic of Isfahan city in comparison with other cities of Iran. Their calm and inviting side where humans and nature get along together can be combined with architectural elements, affecting the urban feature and landscape of urban neighborhoods. The facade of residential buildings adjacent to the Maadis greatly enjoys the sense of belonging to the existing space. It is one of the most influential factors in creating a connection between residential spaces and existing nature. The vital factor in this research is the response to the dual relationship between man and nature. Also, we focused on the impact of this relationship on the landscape and residential building envelopes. It is critical to meet residents' needs and expectations and provide a more favorable environment for users.

This research has the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative studies. The field research and implementation path are a type of consecutive exploratory combined research with a pragmatism paradigm in terms of data collection. In the first stage, the data of the qualitative study was collected in the field by performing interviews. In this stage of the qualitative data collection, a set of activities was performed, such as bibliographic study, observation, photographs, and interviews with experts. Finally, the thematic analysis method was used to classify the patterns of meaning from the data set. In the second stage, the quantitative study, a survey was done based on the researcher-made questionnaires, the answers, and it was used to apply the appropriate tools. The questionnaires were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale and randomly distributed among neighboring residents of Maadis. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed in SPSS software. The Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to evaluate the normality of data distribution. In order to measure and analyze the effectiveness path of the Maadis component and the sense of belonging to the facade component, a set of variables related to each of them was entered into AMOS software. For confirmatory factor analysis of the mentioned component variables, structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were interpreted at once.

  The path coefficients of the central hypothesis, regression coefficients, and the number of partial indicators related to the hypothesis showed an effective relationship between the components, but they did not have the same value. The items of the Maadi's component were all identified with a strong and positive effect. The study of the components of the sense of belonging showed that emotional belonging had a  substantial and positive effect on all items. In addition, the functional and conceptual components, with substantial and positive effects on one item, indicated a significant relationship between the components of Maadis and the sense of belonging with the components of the facade.

The results have shown that the sense of belonging and Maadis existence significantly affect facades. From the resident's perspective, the sense of belonging has the most significant effect on the facade, form, and size, then the facade components and the materials. So that in the component of form and size, elements such as the use of curved lines and volumes that are reminiscent of the movement and twisting of water in Maadis were considered significant. The human scale in the facade by using different divisions, creating complete and empty spaces by balcony design, the porch and retreat in floors, unity, and harmony between adjacent facades, coordination in the forms used in the facade as well as avoiding uniformity and the height of more than three floors, respectively, had the most significant value and impact from the residents' point of view. From the resident's perspective, the sense of belonging has the most significant effect on the facade, form, and size, then the facade components and the materials. The Maadis components, with their evocativeness, readability, tranquility and climatic comfort, and uniqueness, respectively, increased the impact of existing nature on the facade. Therefore, paying attention to the green infrastructure of Isfahan Maadis and attracting the participation of residents, under the influence of their sense of belonging, promotes the physical characteristics of the facades of the residential buildings adjacent to the Maadis.

The cultural landscape since the 1990s was introduced by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as an interdisciplinary subject, and formally was determined on the agenda of the organization’s member communities, while since the 1920s, many scholars have studied and published the related theories. Human ecology is concerned with the relation between human and their environment and is closely linked to the cultural landscape and has the dual function of simultaneously realizing the promotion of cultural landscape values and improving human ecology. Human ecology theorists since 1907 AD have been trying to improve the relationship between human and the environment by doing research on cultural, social, and economic issues. The purpose of this article is to explore transformations of the cultural landscape over time and its continuity in interaction with human ecology that can be implemented in a planning process to promote cultural landscape.

The type of research in this paper was descriptive-analytical and its methodology was based on historic structural research. The time frame of this research was from 1908, when the first use of the cultural landscape took place beyond the realm of art and painting, until 2020 –the year of this research. Reviewing texts related to theoretical, technical, and experimental frameworks of the cultural landscape and human ecology, and applying documentary analysis, based on historic-structural analysis and comparative analysis, the common fields of the cultural landscape and human ecology were organized in a sequence of cause and effect relations based on time. In this research, the evidence (especially historical evidence) as the research material led the researcher to answer the question “What was it?”. This research method was historical-adaptive that evidence was interpreted with a "contingent and probabilistic" (versus algebra) view of cause and effect and used synthetic explanations. Data and information that were required for this research were historical and qualitative evidence and were gathered from four paths (1) primary texts and sources (2) secondary texts and sources (3) current texts (4) recovered texts.

Findings of historic-structural analysis of cultural landscape showed that it is transformed and evolved from “product of nature and humanity” to “representation of the diversity of the relation between human and nature to display unique methods of sustainable land use, properties resulting from the constraints of the natural environment, and mental interaction between human with nature”. Theorists' concern in international experiences is the awareness of individuals and communities to diagnose and describe cultural landscapes in their country and attempt to register them globally in order to protect and enhance the values of the cultural landscape. This can be achieved through “cultural resources management”, which replaces “protection of cultural heritage”. While human ecology, with common substantive with cultural landscape, focuses on interactions between human and the environment in order to inform individuals and communities of the devastating impact of some human actions on ecosystems and cultural landscapes. Scholars in this field of knowledge seek to find solutions to improve the relationship between human and nature, while at the same time researchers and professional activists in the field of the cultural landscape are focused on identifying and describing cultural landscapes. On the other hand, referring to the importance of process-oriented planning and decision-making, attention to the role of actors as well as the need to emphasize the uncertainty principle, the interdisciplinary of the cultural landscape and human ecology concepts, transformations and complexities of natural environments, and anthropogenesis, “strategic planning” approach, and in particular “contingency planning”, can establish a substantive and process link between these dual knowledge domains.

The results of this paper proposed a model of contingency planning related to the cultural landscape and human ecology, with a focus on the historical study and periodic description and analysis of evidence, suggesting a two-step process with two levels (1) documentation and programming and (2) sharing, and six steps (cognition cultural landscape values, identifying cause and effect relations, analyzing the impact, developing response strategies, developing evidence-based contingency plans and sharing contingency plans related to cultural landscape values among key actors). In the first level of this process, cultural landscape values are identified and described using surveys and field observations, and then simultaneously analyzing impacts and developed response strategies by analyzing the substantive of purposeful interviews about the cause and effect relations of each of these values. In the second level, reverse the trend of decreasing cultural landscape values and promote them by proposing evidence-based contingency plans related to the cultural landscape values and sharing them among key actors.

One of the issues facing todaychr('39')s cities in Iran is the issue of maintaining and upgrading existing streets. The way of managing theses streets and dealing with them has caused various problems in different aspects of cities. The purpose of this research is investigating the principles of maintenance and promotion of urban streets with a focus on Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. This research also explains some ways to improve the quality of urban streets using Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. Gathering information was done through observation, field study and documentary studies. Using content analysis methods, documenting and graphical analysis, information and data were analyzed. The quality of the cities depends on the quality of the streets and the quality of the streets is also based on the details of the streets. After designing and constructing urban streets, they need attention, maintenance and promotion in order to be always attractive and desirable for citizens. The results of this study indicate neglecting the indigenous material, art, culture, religion, needs and interests of citizens which has led to the construction of unqualified urban spaces in the metropolitan areas of todaychr('39')s Iranian cities. This research did not seek to provide a template for urban streets designing, but it is in direction of developing principles of planning and designing urban streets based on Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. In addition to having appearances according to Islamic teachings and Iranian culture, desirable street for Iranian citizens should also be Islamic and Iranian internally. With Just the correctness of appearances it can be said that only hypocrisy is obtained, but with internal reforming, honesty can be created in urban spaces.

Today assessing the sustainability status is one of the best ways to measure the amount of desirability of urban Function. Due to neglection towards the role of old centers in promoting the social, economic and urban identity, the amount of urban issues and problems significantly increased and become more sever. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between sustainability components and evaluate the impact of these components on the sustainability of urban nabourhoods in the old geography of Tehran.

The Sanglag district was selected as the case study. Research data was obtained through field survey. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data analysis was conducted with the use of Structural Equation Modeling and Smart Pls3 software.

The findings of this study indicate that the average of sustainability component and also the contribution of each component in detrmining the sustainability of Sanglag district are different. The appropriateness and access components, has the least contribution in detrmining the sustainability of this district.  

 Contemporary changes, both in terms of content and procedure, have hade a significant effect on sustainability of each district. In old neighborhoods, the main focus is on the performance and macro issue consideration, and with the organic, integrated, closed, centralized, and dense context there is weaker homogeneous consistency with minimum open spaces and green spaces. In Sanglae, we can modify and renovate the district with a proper management and increase the utilization and efficiency of the neighborhood.

It is clear that each community should be have the specific urbanism science. Science localization is an obvious matter. This matter has motivated Iranian researchers, in urbanism field, to naturalize urbanism science having been imported to Iran. One method for producing or indigenizing urbanism texts in Iran, especially in recent years, is Utilization of Iranian-valuable texts. There are high valuable-native texts that could be reused for compilation new texts in urbanism field. So far, urbanism researchs have been done that inspired from Iranian-valuable text, such as "Nahj_al-Balagha", "Shahnameh of Ferdowsi", "Hafez's Divan", "Mosibatname of Attar", "Nasir Khusraw's Safarnama", "Haft-Peikar of Nezami" and "Ibn Kaldun's Moghadame", but none of these researchs were expressed a systematic method. However, this article suggests a specific method to use old texts for creating new urbanism texts. In other words, the main aim of this article is presented an efficient method for Using the Iranian's-Valuable Texts in order to compile new urbanism texts. In this article, "Islamic ethical texts" have been selected for better cognition of suggested method and as a case study too. Ethical texts don't directly mention about urban and urbanism, while explain the best ways of life and relationships in societies. Three questions are intended to be answered here, which are following bellow: 1. What is the proper method of using the Iranian's-Valuable Texts for writing the new urbanism texts? 2. How this method  would be applied in different ethical texts? and finally, 3. which kind of urbanism texts would be written by this method?  Therefore, it can be said that this paper is a methodology article.
The usage of primary text for creating new text is a theory that is called "Intertextuality". However, Intertextuality has not been used here. Because it is not coincident to Iranian culture. A native technique for doing this research is needed. Hence, after many researches among the Iranian techniques, the suitable technique has been found which had called the science of rhetoric (Balaghat) and the science of rhetorical embellishment (Badi). There were about sixteen literary techniques and figures of speech in Balaghat and Badi science. But only one of them, "Eghtebas" or "adaptation", has been selected as the chosen method in this article, as it has the most complete definition in compare to fifteen remained figures. furthermore, it has become quite operationally in other fields as literature and art. The first step in adaptation is selection of the original text. In this regard, it's necessary to consider somethings such as being valuable of the first text, similarity between the culture of the first text and  the new one, timeless and placeless contents of the original text and finally, convertible subject of the original text to the second text. Texts with content of "Islamic ethics" have been selected as a subject of old-valuable text which have the whole of mentioned considerations.
In the theoretical part, two subjects are defined: The ethical texts and different types of Eghtebas. The ethics have an old and strong precedence in Iran's history. The goal of ethical texts is personality prosperity and after that social and urban prosperity. Four different Islamic ethical texts are introduced. These four types are based on four-different definition about ethics. They are included: 1-Mystisim ethics, 2-philosophy ethics, 3-narative ethics and 4- literary ethics. "Mysticism ethics texts" are based on "Intuition". "Philosophy ethical text" are base on "wisdom", "Narrative ethical text" are based on revelation and "literary ethical texts" are based on "expediency". Then, different kinds of Eghtebas are explained. In major division, Eghtebas has three different types; "dramatic changes", "moderate changes" and "no changes". In minor division of Eghtebas, "dramatic changes" are included: "Re-created", "Revision", "Using title" and "Amiq". Also "moderate changes" are included: "Re-writing", "Selective writing" and "Abridgment".
 
The results answer to three questions that previously mentioned.
-Firstly, four kinds of Eghtebas are explained in relation with four ethical texts by using the inference and logical reasoning method. The new texts of urbanism would be adopted base on the ethical texts. It seems that almost all species of the Eghtebas species are usable for the four types of ethical texts. Althoug, their relation has been shown with "suitable", "unsuitable" and "allowable" position. For every type of the ethical texts, there is a more appropriate Eghtebas that is included: "Re-created" for usage from "Mysticism ethics, "Revision" for "literary ethics", "Re-writing" for "Philosophy ethics" and "Selective writing" for "Narrative ethics".
-Secondly, the writer of urbanism text can extract word, meaning, subject, writing form and type of language from the original text and reuse them with three positions of "no changes", "dramatic changes" ("Re-created", "Revision", "Using title" and "Amiq") and "moderate changes" ("Re-writing", "Selective writing" and "Abridgment") in urbanism text.
-Finally, the new urbanism texts can have different topics such as theoretical and philosophical foundations, normative theories, qualitative features, utopia and urbanism history.

Educational spaces, which take up a large part of students' daily time, are not created merely to meet educational needs, but should include the various aspects of student interaction and the physical environment that give rise to a sense of belonging to the school. This feeling will connect the person with the place. Students who are studying in these educational environments can understand the meaning of it, they can communicate better with that environment. Today, the study of the sense of belonging in schools has received less attention and mostly the educational needs of students have been taken into account. Addressing this special issue and examining it among high school students is very important because of their awared behavior. At the present, the relationship between students and the school environment is very important; therefore, the purpose of this article is understanding the effective components of the environment. It seems that one of the factors influencing this relationship is the meaning of the environment.

The data collection was don based on a survey method, using both questionnaires and direct observation and mapping observations. The research method according to open-ended questions is a combination of consecutive ones. The analysis stage also relies on the results of the questionnaire to identify their relationship with the characteristics of space.

Data collection was done through survey and open and closed questionnaires and direct students’ behavior observation. The questionnaire was developed and analyzed in 6 qualitative sections.

The results of the research indicate that the effect of form-spatial school features on student's belongingness is higher than other environmental factors, due to semantic capabilities. In other words, in various levels of environment’s meanings, the fourth and fifth levels of meaning, which are considered to be the symbolic meaning, are more important than other levels of meaning for students, and its cause is largely rooted in the value and emotional meanings of space. In fact, there is, a completely direct relationship between the semantic levels of changed function of non-profit school space and the ideal situation of students in educational spaces. In other words, the emotional and perceptual components of the school environment can better communicate with the student's mental state if they use the symbolic levels of meaning in space.

The promotion of technology and science is one of the Manifestations of community development and is one of the main programs in developing countries. Following this development limitations and problems also appear. Due to advances in technology and consequently increasing energy consumption, especially in the housing sector, numerous issues including costs and environmental pollution, arise. In parallel to these issues in recent decades, in the design of small and medium-sized country houses, the calculations of the installation engineer related to comfort and low energy consumption have received little attention. Whereas in the past, according to traditional Iranian architectural patterns, passive cooling without energy consumption has been the most important part of providing comfort in hot and dry climates. Also, it seems to be a particular link between the architectural design patterns formed by geometrical proportions and the climatic design, that made the design faster and less neglected to provide comfort. However, today, with advanced computing technologies, we still see numerous buildings with severe deficiencies in climate design. This article assumes that there is a significant geometric structure from the perspective of static cooling in the traditional houses of Shiraz, seeking to find the relationship between the geometric structure of the architectural design to detect the optimal conditions of comfort with the lowest energy consumption and the fastest design time. In this regard, evaluating past designs with a point of view of energy based on new standards is a priority for the research path. The research method is descriptive-analytical and due to variation in passive cooling techniques and methods, along with computer analysis. After selecting the samples according to the criteria and extracting the geometric design pattern, base model production and energy analysis with the use of Design Builder software are performed, which enables the evaluation of the energy level of houses by adaptation of the analysis to the Iranian energy classification standard. Finally, it can be concluded that the geometrical and structural patterns used in the selected homes are significantly consistent with the comfort conditions. In other words, the numerical proportions available at "Peymon", could produce a structure of dimensions and coexistence of components at the time of architectural designing that, in addition to meeting the structural and aesthetic requirements, were responsive to current energy consumption standards. At the time of the designing of the buildings, due to the lack of installation systems, this privilege was obtained only through static methods. In the performed analyzes, all extracted base patterns without any change in the components conducted Energy class label C. Next; it was possible to upgrade to B and A levels by optimizing the structure with thermal Insulation and double glazed window, etc. In the end, we can say that the modern architectural design inspired by the "peymoon" theory can increase the quality of energy consumption in the buildings with high speed and ease. So if in today's buildings, in the architectural design process, we use a pattern-based approach to the peymoon structure, at least in possible parts such as facades or general geometry؛ Not only can design time be reduced, but even without the need for installation engineer calculations in the energy field (which is usually eliminated in the design of small and sometimes medium-sized houses) much better conditions can be achieved in terms of energy efficiency.