a jafari

The application of nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes is one of the most widely used methods in recent studies by researchers. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. In order to stabilize the suspension of synthesized nanoparticles in water, the nanoparticles were surface modified using ascorbic acid. Various identification tests were performed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the formation of functional groups, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to evaluate the morphology and size of nanoparticles and zeta potential to investigate the surface charge of synthesized nanoparticles. According to the results, surface modification has increased the size of nanoparticles, although this amount was reported to be very low. Also, following the test results of zeta potential, surface modification has increased the surface charge of nanoparticles and as a result has led to the stability of nanoparticles in water. Also, to study the effect of the presence of nanoparticles in the injected fluid in the EOR process, flooding experiments were performed in micromodel. The oil recovery factor in the presence of nanoparticles increased from 19.8% for water flood to 30.9% for surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles using ascorbic acid, which shows an increase of 11%.

Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3) is a significant threat to the production of common carp and koi, resulting in high mortality rates and posing a risk to the long-term sustainability of carp aquaculture. The presence of this disease in Iran has been confirmed by the veterinary organization and reported to OIE, with evidence suggesting its presence since 2021 in Iranian Koi and carp farms. Given the economic importance and rapid spread of CyHV-3, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge and research on the virus and its disease in Iran and worldwide.  The fish farmers and authorities in the country need to take necessary measures to prevent the spread of the disease and mitigate its impact on the aquaculture industry.

Organizational ethics as a suitable framework and model for advancing the organization's goals is a strong motivating factor and has a direct effect on the performance or services of organizations, which will be manifested in the concept of gaining organizational trust and improving job performance. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of organizational ethics on the two components of organizational trust and employee job performance.

The method of doing the work was done as a systematic review analysis in 1401, and to do it, the keywords related to the research subject were used from English scientific databases and Persian scientific databases in both Farsi and English languages; From a total of 127 articles, using the Strobe checklist, finally by removing duplicate articles, articles without full text, etc., 18 articles were qualified and entered into the research.

Among the final articles, 50% were foreign studies and 50% were domestic studies, among which 5.55% were cross-sectional and qualitative, 27.77% were descriptive and analytical, 22.22% were descriptive and survey, 5.55% were cross-sectional and analytical, 5.55% were cross-sectional and qualitative, and finally 31.36% were descriptive and correlational. In all reviewed articles, the role of organizational ethics in improving organizational trust and improving the quality of job performance was discussed and confirmed.

The results of this research showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational ethics and two variables of organizational trust; In other words, the proper management of ethical concepts in the organization will not only lead to internal results such as improving productivity and job performance, strengthening the conscience of teamwork, institutionalizing moral values and empowering employees, but it can also increase the sense of trust in the organization.

Wheat is one of the most important crop in Fars province and because of water shortage there is a great emphasis on its water use efficiency in production field. A field experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 in order to evaluate wheat yield and its components in raised planting system in Arsanjan, Fars province. The experiment conducted as split plot with three irrigation treatments (irrigartion equal to evapotranspiration, 80% of evapotranspiration irrigation (moderate drought stress) and 60% of evapotranspiration irrigation (severe drought stress)) as main plot and three planting methods (conventional flat planting, 60 cm raised bed planting and 120 cm raised bed planting) as sub plot. The results indicated that drought stress significantly decreased traits such as plant height, grain yield, ear number, seed number and biological yield, while increased seed protein. Raised bed planting significantly increased the traits in comparison with conventional flat planting. So that plating with 120 cm raised bed increased grain yield by 22.1% and 25.9% in first and second year respectively this increasing was 17% for biological, 75 for ear number, and 21% for seed number. Planting in raised bed system reduced the adverse effect of drought stress on wheat traits. In conclusion based on the observed results planting in raised bed system can be adopted as an appropriate planting pattern for improving yield and water productivity in experimental region and similar climates.

Resilience is a concept presented in the context of positive psychology and has a special place, especially in the fields of developmental psychology, family psychology, and mental health. This study aimed to predict resilience based on self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness in the conditions of public quarantine of Coronavirus. In this descriptive-correlational study, 174 individuals who entered the psychological services clinic in Qazvin from October to February 2020, simultaneously with the third wave of Coronavirus outbreak and mandatory quarantine declaration, were selected by purposeful sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the scales of resilience, self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression. There was a significant positive relationship between resilience and self-compassion, mindfulness, and self-esteem (F=139.24, p<0.01). The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that variables of self-esteem and self-compassion could predict resilience with β=0.37 and β=0.59, respectively (p<0.01); and mindfulness could not predict resilience (p>0.05). The results showed that self-esteem and self-compassion were associated with resilience in quarantined individuals; and mindfulness was not related to resilience. Therefore, in order to increase the resilience of the society in the post-Corona conditions and similar critical conditions such as communicable diseases or natural disasters, teachings related to self-compassion and self-esteem can be helpful.

Oak forests in the Zagros region are under continuous anthropogenic disturbances, leading to a decline in their extent and deterioration in the qualitative structure of the stands. Field-based models can predict shifts in forest structure indices due to disturbance long before forest cover is depleted. This study examines the effects of anthropogenic land uses on key structure indices of oak forests in the Central Zagros.

Forest stand structure indices in five land uses were measured by field survey on 78 sample plots in 11 forests over an area of about 24,000 ha in the rural area of Mashayekh, Central Zagros. Depending on the area, six to nine systematically randomly designated one-hectare plots were measured at the same distance in each forest. In addition, one-meter square plots were sampled for non-tree cover. One-way ANOVA and General Linear Models were used to determine discriminant indices and analyze the effects of anthropogenic disturbance, respectively.

Except for oak density, structural indices differed significantly among the studied stands. This study did not find any differences in cover, number of trees, and non-tree species under different levels of disturbance (protection and destruction). The average number of shoots per stool decreased with increasing understory cultivation and proximity to villages, while the average diameter of shoots increased, indicating that farmers were removing young trees and shoots. Different levels of grazing and distance from the road had no effect on the structural index of the forest. The implementation of the conservation program in two forests in Kavand and Doto led only to an increase in the average height of trees and not to any other structural improvement.

Long before causing a reduction in forest area or a decrease in tree density, the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the structure of coppiced woodlands were manifested in the diameter of trees and the number of shoots-per-stool. In addition, the decadal protection of the forest stands led to an increase in the average height of the trees. This suggests that the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on forest structure precedes the depletion of forest cover. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these early indicators in forest management plans.

Various methods have been performed to control weeds in the world and the use of herbicides is one of them, but public concerns about human health have changed interest in alternative methods. Thermal methods based on flame-weeder, hot air, steam, and hot water have the potential to control weeds, but due to the high cost are not economical. Electromagnetic waves transfer energy into weeds and finally destroy them. The effect of radiation on plant mutation, high consumption of energy, and human health are problems for this approach. Unlike other methods, electrical energy is an ideal and non-chemical method for weeds. This method applies high voltage to weeds, their roots, and soil so that electric currents pass through them, and the vaporization of the liquid content of weeds kills the weeds. To increase the severity of damage to weeds, the development of a feedback mechanism is required. The ultrasonic sensor measuring physical parameters like plant height is a simple method. Some complex sensing systems include optical sensors such as infrared, and machine vision that require high-speed processors and expensive equipment. In this project, as a simple method, the monitoring of the electrical current passing through weeds was used for developing the feedback mechanism and increasing electric damage to weeds.

In this study, the system consisted of a high-voltage device that generated a 15 kV AC voltage to kill weeds, as well as a feedback mechanism that included a sensor to measure the electric current on the input of the weed killer and identify the presence of weeds and their annihilation. All parts were installed on a robotic platform, and an application on a laptop was connected to it via an access point for navigation and data reception. The system was tested in a greenhouse lab with various weeds. Initially, a test was performed to investigate the effect of high voltage on the weeds and establish relationships between the electric currents passing through weeds and their presence (before and after annihilation). During the test, the system was guided along a path and applied high voltage to kill the weeds. The feedback mechanism was then calibrated based on the extracted data on electric current relations. This allowed the system to detect weeds and their annihilation, enabling it to move to the next target once a weed had been eliminated. After calibration, a comparative test was conducted to evaluate the weed-killing efficiency of the two methods (with and without the feedback mechanism), and the results were analyzed using a t-test with p ≤ 0.01.

The observations indicated that the input electric current on the weed killer was dependent on the electric current passing through weeds. When the high-voltage electrode touched a weed, the electric current passed through it increased, and simultaneously, the high electrical energy destroyed the weed. After the removal of the weed, the electric current rapidly decreased. The average energy consumption per weed plant was estimated to be 250 joules, which can be compared with other methods. The final test comparing the use and non-use of the feedback mechanism revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) between the results obtained with and without the mechanism, demonstrating that the feedback mechanism increased the efficiency of weed annihilation. The sensing system used in the developed feedback mechanism is a simple method that is affected by the electrical resistivity of weeds. As such, it did not mistakenly detect other objects as weeds, unlike an ultrasonic mechanism. Based on these results, monitoring the electrical current passing through weeds proved to be a suitable method for developing a feedback mechanism for the weed killer to identify the presence of weeds and their annihilation.

The use of high voltage as a non-chemical and alternative method for weed control has shown promising results. The study revealed that measuring the electric current applied to the weed killer was an effective and straightforward approach to developing a feedback mechanism. This mechanism aids in identifying the presence of weeds and ensuring their elimination by intensifying the damage inflicted on them through the application of high electrical energy. To further enhance the efficiency and speed of weed control, future research should consider integrating an automatic guidance mechanism with the weed killer.

This study has been conducted as an effort to predict emotional maturity of female students based on authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles as well as perceived social support. This research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all female senior high school students in Karaj in 2016-17 school year from among whom 196 students were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments included Emotional Maturity Scale (Singh & Bhargava, 1991), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988), and Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Naghashian, 1979). The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that authoritative parenting style and dimensions of perceived social support, i.e., family, friends, and important individuals, could positively predict students’ emotional maturity, whereas authoritarian parenting style could negatively predict emotional maturity (P<0.01). The dimension of important individuals played a more powerful role in predicting students’ emotional maturity. Permissive and neglectful parenting styles did not significantly predict emotional maturity. It can be concluded that emotional maturity develops through authoritative parenting style and dimensions of perceived social support facilitate this process. Hence, it is desirable that parents be encouraged to use authoritative parenting style and pay attention to the role “important individuals” plays in emotional maturity of female adolescents.

How important is the theory of categories? From the early days of its creation until today, this question has occupied the minds of mathematicians and different answers have been provided: For some categories are merely a tool. For others, they are a fundamental part of today’s mathematics. Generally, questions like these do not have definite and absolute answers. At least for this particular question, the mathematics community has not reached a common answer, and probably will never reach a resolution. Our goal in writing this article is to discuss the origins and developments of the theory of categories and also discuss its role in mathematics.

Tooth mobility, which is prevalent among patients seeking dental healthcare services, happens when the tooth is reversibly displaced horizontally or vertically beyond its normal physiological limits. Tooth mobility is classified into 2 subgroups: localized and generalized. Generalized tooth mobility occurs when more than 2 teeth are mobile. In this review, the available studies regarding the common etiologies of generalized tooth mobility are discussed.  

In this review article, data were collected by reviewing the available articles published between 2011 to 2021 in national and international journals by searching the PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Embase databases using the key words “Tooth Mobility”, “Tooth Movement” “Periodontal Disease”, “Systemic Disease”, and “Malignant Disease”. Among the relevant articles, 51 were chosen.

It seems that numerous etiologies, which can be either physiological or pathological, can result in generalized tooth mobility.

Since an optimal treatment outcome depends on accurate diagnosis, it is crucial for the dentists to be aware of the common etiologies of this condition.

The instability of the roof and walls of the tunnels excavated in coal mines has always attracted the attention of the miners and experts in this field. In this work, the instability of the main tunnels of the mechanized Parvadeh coal mine in Tabas, Iran, at the intersection with coal seam is studied. The main tunnels of this mine show significant horizontal displacements due to the complex ground conditions and great depth. The behavior of the rock mass surrounding the tunnel is investigated using various experimental methods, and according to the results obtained, the surrounding rock mass has squeezing conditions. In order to analyze the stability of the main tunnels, a series of 2D and 3D numerical modelings are performed using the FLAC2&3D finite difference software, and the results obtained are compared with the actual displacement values recorded in the walls of the main tunnels of the mine. The analysis results show that the tunnels under study are unstable with a steel frame support, and therefore, the use of different support systems for the stabilization is investigated. The results of modeling different types of support systems show that the use of shotcrete instead of galvanized sheet (as strut) does not have a significant effect on the reduced displacements. Also although the installation of steel sets is very effective in preventing the displacement of the walls, due to the swelling problems in the tunnel bottom and the placement of the conveyor and haulage rail, it cannot be used in practice. Finally, the use of truss bolt has yielded good results, and it can be proposed as a new support system in these tunnels. In addition, the modeling results show that in case the coal seam is higher than the tunnel foot, less displacement will occur in the tunnel walls compared to the other cases. In other words, changing the tunnel level in the future excavations can help reduce the displacements.

In the framework of quantum mechanics and based on the non-commutativity between the ‎coordinates in Minkowski space-time, we generalize the geometric non-commutative relation ‎to a space-time other than Minkowski. Using the authority of inserting the unit operator, we ‎exploit the translation operator to derive the Wyle-Moyal star product operator. Up to the first ‎order of translation parameters and by employing the Wyle-Moyal star operator, we find the ‎modified non-commutativity of coordinates relation in terms of geometric structure. The basic ‎premise of this article is that pseudo-Riemannian local homomorphic with Minkowski space-‎time‎‎ are equivalent.

Application of self-centering rocking walls is now widely accepted as a viable alternative to removal of some of the common seismic defects of conventional shear walls including residual drift and significant damage to the base of walls. Despite the different experimental studies on the seismic performance of rocking walls, few numerical models have been developed to predict the seismic response and damage extent of these walls under seismic loading. The main objective of this study was to present a practical method for numerical modeling and damage estimation for nonlinear behavior of post-tensioned (PT) concrete rocking walls when exposed to earthquake excitations. To this end, PERFORM 3D software was utilized to model self-centering rocking walls. The walls were subjected to a set of seven spectrum compatible ground motions at different intensity levels. To ensure the accuracy of the modeling, the numerical results of the nonlinear analysis were compared with the experimental results, and the results showed that the developed model could predict the behavior of the wall during all ground motions with acceptable accuracy. Moreover, in this study, a damage index was employed to estimate the extent of damage in the developed numerical model. Good agreement between the observed damage in the shake table tests and estimated damage in the developed model was observed. The results of this study indicated that the method for modeling the seismic behavior of the rocking wall could appropriately predict the response and damage extent of these walls under earthquake loading.

the Scandium-47 shows undertaking capability in therapeutic radionuclide, particularly in the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique. In this study, for the production of the 47Sc, the proton interaction on natural titanium was investigated by the Karaj cyclotron. At first, the excitation functions for the production of 47Sc and accompanying impurities via proton bombardment of titanium targets were evaluated by three nuclear codes, TALYS-1.9, ALICE/ASH, and EMPIRE-3.2.2. The target thickness for the best range of suggested energy estimated through the stopping power using the SRIM-2013 code. The theoretical yields for each reaction were calculated using Simpson's integral. The natTi foil was irradiated by a 29.5 MeV incident proton beam in the Karaj Cyclotron.  The total current irradiated on the target was 5 μA·h at the end of the bombardment. The liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) method was employed for the separation of radiochemical impurities. Quality control was performed by γ-ray spectrometry. The separation yield of scandium-47 was 95%. The results showed good agreement with simulated and published experimental data.

In this paper, the notions of $n$-fold obstinate and $n$-fold fantastic (pre)filterin $EQ$-algebras are introduced and the relationship among $n$-fold obstinate, maximal, $n$-fold fantastic, and $n$-fold (positive) implicative prefilters are investigated. Moreover, the quotient $EQ$-algebra induced by an $n$-fold obstinate filter is studied and it is proved that the quotient $EQ$-algebra induced byan $n$-fold fantastic filter of a good $EQ$-algebra with bottom element $0$ is an involutive $EQ$-algebra. Finally, the relationships between types of $n$-fold filters in residuated $EQ$-algebras is shown by diagrams

Soil carbon (C) sequestration is recognized as a potentially significant option to off-set the elevation of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Soils are the main sink/source of carbon and also, an important component of the global C cycle. Total soil carbon (C) comprises of the soil organic C (SOC) and the soil inorganic C (SIC) components. The soil inorganic C (SIC) stock mainly consists of carbonates and bicarbonates. Processes governing the dynamics of the soil carbon stock differ among ecoregions and strongly interact with soil properties. Understanding the distribution of organic and inorganic carbon stocks in soil profiles is essential for assessing carbon storage at the regional and global scale. Although global estimates provide a general view of carbon stock levels, accurate local estimates and factors affecting soil carbon dynamics are very important. As a result, there is an essential requirement for accurately estimating the distribution of carbon reserves and their differences with regard to soil properties. The study area is located in the Sardooeyeh region, South of Kerman, under semiarid conditions. A total of 5 soil profiles were excavated. Percentage of coarse fragments (> 2 mm) using a 2 mm sieve, total organic C by the K2Cr2O7-H2SO4 oxidation method of Walkley-Black, soil inorganic carbon using the Gravimetric carbonate meter method were determined. Bulk density was measured by drying core samples in an oven overnight and dividing the weight of dry soil by the volume of the core occupied by the soil after correction for coarse fragments. Organic carbon in the surface horizons of all profiles is maximum due to vegetation and decreases with increasing soil depth. As the altitude increased, the amount of organic carbon increased in the surface horizons. Lower temperature and higher humidity at higher altitudes lead to the lower organic matter decomposition and consequently higher organic carbon content of the soil. Although the upper soil layers had the maximum soil organic C content, the maximum soil inorganic C content was observed in the sub-surface layers. The soil organic carbon storage was between 5.52 to 9.48 kg m-2 and the storage of soil inorganic carbon in profiles was between 14.41 and 91.34 kg m-2. The total soil carbon storage in the profiles varied between 19.92 to 100.83 kg m-2 and the average was 42.66 kg m-2. The average of soil organic carbon storage in 0-25, 25-60, 60-120 cm depths were 2.6, 1.97 and 1.26 kg m-2, respectively. The amount of soil inorganic carbon storage in 0 -25, 25-60 and 60-120 cm depths were equal to 2.7, 10.40 and 8.26 kg m-2, respectively. Therefore, it seems that more than 50% of the total soil inorganic carbon storage is stored at a depth of 25-60 cm from the soil surface. The portion of inorganic carbon storage of total soil carbon was 77.5%, and about 89% of it was stored in sub-surface horizons (below 25 cm). The portion of organic carbon storage of total soil carbon was 22.4%. It seems that an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 in soils leads to some dissolution of the pedogenic carbonate in the top soil. Dissolved pedogenic carbonate transfers to the deep soil and then re-crystallizes under relatively dry conditions and low CO2. The results showed that soil organic carbon storage was mostly higher in surface horizons, and soil inorganic carbon storage was higher in sub-surface horizons. On average, the ratio of soil inorganic carbon storage to soil organic carbon storage was 4.27. The high percentage of soil inorganic carbon storage in total soil carbon, shows that inorganic carbon plays a very important role in semi-arid regions. Almost 89% of the soil inorganic carbon content and about 80% of the total soil carbon were accumulated in the sub-surface horizon of soil (below 25 cm), indicating the importance of sub-surface soil for storing carbon in semi-arid regions.

Soil digital mapping represents a set of mathematical computations to predict the distribution of soil classes in the landscape. . The digital identification of soils as a tool for creating soil spatial data provides ways to address the growing need for high-resolution soil maps. The use of digital soil mapping technique has been expanded considerably; therefore, new methods of mapping and preparing digital maps have been developed by researchers to eliminate the limitations of traditional methods. This approach relies on statistical relationships between measured soil observations and environmental covariates at the sampling locations. Digital soil data is increasing based on new processing tools and various digital data. The present study was conducted with the purpose of digital soil mapping in Kouhbanan region of Kerman based on a Multinomial logistic regression model.

The study area is located in southeastern Iran, northwest of Kerman city, in Kouhbanan distinct. This study covers a 2000 ha area. In this study, a Latin hypercube sampling design was applied and the sampling was done according to the difference in landforms (geomorphology map), topography (including digital elevation map) and geology. Finally, the geographic locations of 70 profiles were identified. Soil profiles were described according to U.S. Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 2014) and finally, the soil samples were taken from their diagnostic horizons. The collected soil samples were transferred to the laboratory, and some physical and chemical analyzes were performed based on routine standard methods. Environmental data include the parameters derived from the digital elevation model, Landsat satellite images (remote sensing indexes), geology map, geomorphic units (geomorphology map) and legacy soil map of the study area. All environmental variables were derived using ENVI and SAGA software. In this research, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict soil classes and the modeling was done in R software using nnet package. It is worth noting that leave-one-out cross validation was used for validation. Estimation of predictive accuracy of soil classes was also done using the overall accuracy index and Kappa coefficient.

The results showed that the soils of the study area were mainly classified in the Aridisols and Entisols orders. The modeling results showed that the terrain attributes were recognized as the effective auxiliary variables in the prediction process of soil classes. This confirms topographic importance on soil genesis in the studied area. After that, geomorphology map was an important tool in soil mapping that helps to increase predictive accuracy. Among the soil classes, the prediction of Haplocambids was accompanied with low accuracy, while Haplosalids great groups were predicted with high accuracy. The low estimation accuracy of the great group of Haplocambids is probably due to the low sample size of this class of soil in the study area. A good identification of the relationships between the predictor variables and the target variable depends primarily on the size and distribution of the sample in the layers. There were only two examples of Haplocambids in the area. Therefore, low accuracy is expected because the model has failed to establish a relationship between this class with environmental variables and makes it difficult to identify threshold values for classifying soil classes and, consequently, a poorly trained model. It is also possible that low prediction accuracy is the result of the conceptual model being incomplete, since there is no characteristic feature that can help model training and ultimately prediction. Among the soil great groups, the best predictions were obtained for the great group of Haplosalids, which demonstrates high values of user accuracy and reliability. Accurate prediction of the class of Haplosalids is highly correlated with the spatial distribution of indices such as wetness index and NDVI. Kappa index and purity map were calculated 0.45 and 0.65 for digital soil map derived from multinomial logistic regression. In the predicted map, six major groups of Haplosalids, Haplocambids, Haplocalcids, Haplogypsids, Calcigypsids and Torrifluvents were identified. The great groups of Haplocalcids, Haplosalids, and Calcigypsids cover most of the area and the great groups Haplocambids and Haplogypsids occupy lowest of the area. The great group of Haplosalids is located in the north of the region and in the piedmont plain landform. Haplocalcids great groups were most commonly found in alluvial fan landform, while Calcigypsids are located in pediments, alluvial fans, and piedmont plain landforms. Haplocambids and Haplogypsids great groups are located more in the geomorphic surface of the alluvial fan and the piedmont plain, respectively. The parts of the region with the most variations or diversity of soil classes are exactly where the geomorphological map has the most segmentation. Therefore, the presence of different soil classes in the least-differentiated and most similar regions is resulted to an inefficient conceptual model and poor prediction results.

The results showed that topographic parameters were the most important and powerful variable in modeling, and confirms that topography or relief is the most important soil forming factor in the study area. Predictive results of soil classes in Kuhbanan area of Kerman province showed that geomorphological map in the study area is very useful and necessary and also is effective in understanding and communicating between soil and landscape. Using this map as a qualitative auxiliary variable can explain much of the variability of soils in the study area. Careful field observation, satellite imagery consideration, study and interpretation of data obtained from soil profiles indicate that the study area has been evolved by geological, geomorphological, and hydrological processes that lead to the formation of various landforms including rock outcrops, hills, pediment , alluvial fan and plain. For the multinomial logistic regression model in the study area, terrain attributes have the most influence on the prediction of soil classes and soil properties than the remote sensing indices. The strong relationship between soil data and environmental parameters is one of the factors influencing model accuracy. Logistic regression models will have great potential in predicting soil classes if a complete understanding of the study area and proper selection of auxiliary variables are carried out.

Expanded surfaces are considered as the common way to heat transfer increment in the industry, but due to their operating conditions and lack of footprint, their use in some situations is limited. Because of its ability in thermal efficiency increment using increasing available area and change in velocity gradient, the porous medium has been considered as a novel solution in heat transfer increment. During this investigation the effective parameters on heat transfer (Nusselt number (Nu)) in the presence of porous medium (configuration, thermal conductivity, pore gradient, porosity, permeability and Darcy number (Da), thickness, fluid velocity, and heat source) were studied. The studied configurations can be classified in partial and fully porous categories. Among the investigated papers, the fully filled configuration usually has shown the maximum exchanged energy and pressure drop. Because using a porous medium leads to pressure drop increase, an index was reported to compare between different configuration can be applied. Finally, limitations and challenges in this field were investigated.

As the world population grows up, the quantity and quality of human food must be improved. The production yield of marine aquaculture and farming of aquatic organisms, as a valuable source of food, will be increased. Regular and online monitoring of the physical, chemical, and biological qualities of water and environmental parameters in such these controlled environments can be achieved by using advanced world technologies, such as autonomous boats. In this study, simulation of an autonomous boat has been done to help better understanding and control of this type of vessel in various environments such as dams, ports, rivers, aquatic ecosystems, and aquaculture. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to simulate and evaluate the guidance and navigation system of an autonomous boat based on the Fourth order of Runge-Kutta for determining the changes of water quality indices in a fish farming ponds.

In order to achieve the main goal of this study, an autonomous boat was designed and built. This boat as a general-purpose robotic trimaran boat has dimensions of 110 cm x 37 cm x40 cm and is made of Plexiglas 2 mm thick. Maximum forward speed of the boat is 125 cm s-1 (at 6850 rpm of brushless motors) and the turning radius is less than 61 cm. The environmental data can be transferred using Internet of Things (IOT), smartphones, SMS, and mini PC. The position and heading of the boat are determined using GPS and IMU data. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces, moments, and coefficients of the boat model are determined and then applied in the mathematical simulation as the input of classic Runge-Kutta (RK4). The performance of the robotic boat navigational and control systems evaluated in a rectangular track with a length of 20 m and a width of 15 m in a fish farming pond in Karaj and 4 waypoints. The local coordinates of four corner of the mentioned rectangular in the pond was (0, 0), (0, 20), (15, 20), and (15, 0). The purpose of control system was to conduct the actuators in such way that boat be able to go to the next point. When the boat reaches the target distance of one m of the desired point, the next point will be introduced as a new target. The set point of boat speed was 0.4 m s-1 and zero state vector was [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]. 

The maximum error of position and heading of the autonomous boat is 135 cm and 11 degrees, respectively. Also, in the speed PID controller test (40 cm s-1), the average and standard deviation of the speed calculated as 40 cm s-1 and 2 cm s-1, respectively. Maximum difference between the heading obtained from the Kalman filter and received from the GPS is 11 degrees. In some situations that high precision of heading angle is not required, the GPS data can provide such accuracy of the heading. Among the variables of longitudinal, latitude, time to reach the target area, yaw rate, heading, and forward speed the minimum and maximum of percentage error are related to forward speed and yaw rate, respectively. These values show good performance of the simulated model and PID controllers.

In this study, motion simulation and evaluation of a robotic boat was carried out using a model boat and MATLAB software. The mathematical model simulated the real boat behavior correctly and the boat can be used safely in fish farming ponds to monitor environmental conditions and water quality.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of empathy education on aggression and quality of relationships with male students' male peers.  The research method was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group.  The statistical population of this study was all male primary school pupils in Yazd in the academic year of 2016-2017.  30 randomly selected cluster random sampling and assigned to two groups (15 people) and control (15 people).  Participants in the experimental group received sympathetic training in seven sessions of 90 minutes.  The data were collected using the Bass & Perry Aggression Questionnaire and Hudson's Relationship Questionnaire and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis.  Findings indicated that 75% of the variance in the post-test scores of the experimental group was due to the effect of empathy education on aggression and relationships with peers.  Therefore, it can be concluded that empathy education affects the reduction of aggression and the quality of relationships with peers.  Also, empathy education is effective in reducing the dimensions of aggression (physical, verbal, anger, hostility) of students.

Investigations on a variety of methods for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil show that conventional methods due to their high temperature and pressure are expensive, unsafe, costly maintenance with huge utility and low efficiency. Thermal cracking was the first method of reducing viscosity, which presence of catalysts could improve some of its problems such as instability and extremely high temperatures. But temperature was still high and due to these basic problems, efforts are continuing to achieve better result and more efficiency. Usage of dispersed nanocatalysts greatly increased the efficiency of these reactions so that at presence of hydrogen and nano dispersed catalyst viscosity reduced up to 99%. Many nanocatalysts have been studied so far, for example, nano zeolite, carbon, iron, and nickel which have yielded good results, but these methods also have some special problems such as synthesis of nanocatalysts with appropriate surface and bed and collecting them after reaction. Processes with modern technology such as irradiation, cavitation and electromagnetic waves at a laboratory scale have been able to produce good results at very low temperatures and low pressures. In one of these experiments, the microwave could reduce 99.7% viscosity of heavy oil at the presence of nanoparticles of carbon nanotubes. Of course, these methods have not been commercialized yet because of complicated conditions and special equipment so this way is very good for continuing research on them.

Gallery walk educational method is one of the team-based learning (TBL) methods as manages learning in small groups simultaneously teaching in a big class. In addition, Gallery walk method is one of the learner- centered methods (LCM) in which student plays the main role in learning and teacher supports the students as leader and supervisor. This study has been done with the aim of comparing two educational methods of Gallery walk and traditional in teaching pharmaceutics subject in pharmacy students.

This quasi-experimental study, two group pretest-posttest design was conducted on 36 pharmacy students in pharmacy school of  Guilan  university of medical sciences in 2017. Students were assigned into two similar groups and randomly categorized in traditional (control) and Gallery walk (test) group. The influence of each educational method on students averages in post- tests considering the pre- test scores, were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by independent t- test and paired t- test using SPSS.

Based on paired t test, there was a significant increase in student’s average scores in posttest in comparison with pretest (p<0.001) in both traditional and Gallery walk groups. However, the student’s average score in Gallery walk group was higher than traditional group, independent t test didn’t confirm the significant difference between traditional and Gallery walk groups in both pre and posttests (p>0.05).

Although statistical results did not confirm the significant effect of Gallery walk method on enhancing studentchr('39')s average score, this method is suggested to pharmacy school teachers due to more students’ participation in class.

Food industry produces a large amount of onion skin wastes. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds found in such by-product, developing a method for the recovery of these biological lesions is important to benefit from them as a source of biologically active compounds.  The aims of this research were to compare the two methods, ultrasound and microwave, for extraction the phenolic compounds of red onion skin wastes and also to investigate the drying pre-treatment with conventional or infrared oven. The investigation the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanin content of extracts showed that use of ultrasonic method caused significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced extraction efficacy of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Additionally, drying by infrared oven caused significantly (p < 0.05) increase in total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins extraction. The antioxidant activity analysis of extracts showed that antioxidant capacity of samples extracted by ultrasonic method were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that extracted by microwave method. As a result, the ultrasonic extraction by pretreatment applying infrared oven may be recomended as a suitable technique to extract phenolic compounds found in red onion skins to benefit from the nutritional potential of these biological wastes.

Up to now, several analytical and numerical methods are proposed for free vibration analysis of fluid-structure interaction systems. Concrete gravity or arch dam-reservoir systems and the fluid containers in various shapes, such as rectangular, cylindrical or spherical shapes are the most well-known instances of these “coupled” systems. It should be emphasized that the governing equations of both fluid and structural parts of these coupled systems should be solved simultaneously. In the present article, two classical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems, including one-dimensional compressible fluid domain and one or two single degree of freedom (SDOF) system(s) as structural part, are solved in free vibration situation by using differential transform method (DTM). To this end, the solution process is thoroughly described and the numerical results, involving natural frequencies and mode shapes of both systems are obtained in detail. Moreover, to verify the DTM results, the closed-form solution is comprehensively derived for both systems.

The purpose of this study is to teach parenting styles to mothers in improving the responsibility of adolescent girls.  

The present study is quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a randomly assigned control group that among the mothers of female high school students referred to the Education Counseling Center of Tehran district 4, a sample of 40 mothers of these students were randomly placed in two study and control groups (20 people). And the study group was exposed to an independent variable parenting styles training. Before performing therapeutic interventions on mothers, the daughters of both groups of these mothers completed the Nemati & Karami (2007) responsibility questionnaire, and after 7 sessions of 90 minutes, the girls of both groups answered the responsibility questionnaire simultaneously. The data were analyzed using Spss-19 and analysis of covariance test.  

The results also showed that parenting styles' training to mothers increased the subscales of self-management, orderliness, regularity, trustworthiness, and conscientiousness in the study group (p <0.001). And it had little effect on the subscales of organization and progressiveness (p>0.05).  

The results showed that teaching parenting styles to mothers in the study group improved responsibility in the study sample so that the scores of responsibility.