ahmad hatami

The history of flood spreading in the lands adjacent the rivers and flood irrigation reaches several thousand years. There are evidences of the use of floods to increase plant production in different parts of Iran, including the cities of Qazvin, Baluchistan, Khorasan, Fars, Isfahan and Khuzestan. Surveys conducted in 20 arid and semi-arid regions of the country indicate that in most regions, production indices and the percentage of plant canopy cover have increased significantly in the field of flood spreading compared to the control. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of flood spreading on rangeland vegetation dynamics and to determine the fluctuations of plant indices corresponding to climatic indices in a 6-year period.

In order to monitoring and comparison the fluctuations of vegetation indices was selected in Aquifer Management Kowsar Station, 2 networks (representative of the flood spreading area) with the names Bisheshzard 1 and Bisheshzard 4 and adjacent to them an area of ​​5 hectares outside the networks spreading as a control. The representative of the area without flood spreading). From 2016 to 2022 for 6 years, in the second half of May every year, 10 transects with a length of 150 meters and 100 plots of one square meter were established in a systematic-randomness manner in the strips of networks and the control field. The rangeland type indice species of flood spreading Gareh Bygone Plain (GBP) of Fasa shrubs are Dendrostellera lessertii (Wikstr) Van Tiegh., Heliantemum lippii (L) Pers Astragalus ssp. with understory of annual Grasses and forbs respectively. Plant indices (species name, percentage of canopy cover, number of bases per square meter, vegetative form and species biomass) and soil surface coverage (percentage of stones and pebbles, percentage of litter and percentage of bare soil) were collected every year. Using the modified six-factor method, the rangeland condition in flood distribution networks was evaluated in wet years and in dry years. For the comparison of different rangeland treatments in the survey years, flood spreading networks and strips and control area from different statistical methods (split-split plot design in time and space in the form of complete random blocks), correlation coefficients, was used step by step regression to determine the forecasting model for the production and canopy cover of rangeland plants and for average comparisons Duncan's test at the 5% level.

The results of the analysis of variance showed that the amount of plant indices evaluated between the survey years, between the networks and between the flood spreading strips had a significant difference at the level of 1% with the control. The percentage of plant canopy cover during the survey period from 8.69% in 2021 to 55.51% in 2020 and the production rate from 175.32 kg per hectare in 2021 to 813.55 kg per hectare in the year 2020 was variable. Using the adjusted 6-factor method, the rangeland condition in the networks with flood spreading in wet years was evaluated as good and in dry years as fair, while in the control area (without flood spreading) in wet years, It was assessed as poor to fair and in dry years, very poor to non-suitable for grazing. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, a positive and significant correlation was obtained between the canopy cover and plants rangeland biomass at the level of 1% (R²=0.86). The step by step regression results also showed that in the plant production prediction model, the independent variables (climate indicators) are the annual rainfall (R²=0.34) the average minimum temperature (r=0.26), the amount of rainfall in The growing season of plants (R²=0.15), the average annual temperature (R²=0.11) and their sum (R²=0.86) and in the prediction model, of plant canopy cover percentage, the independent variable of rainfall in the growing season of plants (R²=0.87) had the main and decisive contribution in estimating the value of the dependent variable.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

In general, it can be concluded that the percentage of plant canopy cover of Bishehzard network 1 in wet years (water years 2015-2016, 2016-2017, 2018-2019 and 2020-2021) compared to Bishehzard network 4 and control. It is statistically significant and in dry years (water years 2017-2018 and 2021-2022) these percentages are higher in control compared to two networks of Bishehzard 1 and 4. In general, there is a correlation between the production of plants with a canopy cover (R²=0.86), with the amount of annual rainfall (R²=0.92), with the amount of rainfall during floods (R²=0.84), with the number of floods (R²=0.96) =), with the duration of floods (R²=0.96), with the autumn and winter rainfall (R²=0.94) and with the rainfall in the plant growth Period (R²=0.93) positive and significant correlation at the level of 1% was obtained. In general, the changes in the amount of the plant canopy cover index are in harmony with the changes in the amount of annual rainfall, the number of rainy months, its distribution, and the number and volume of effective floods in the growing season of plants. Based on the statistics from 2016 to 2022, the 6-year average dry matter production in control is 252.25 and in Bishehzard 1 and 4 it is estimated to be 528.31 and 362.17 kg per hectare, respectively. The production of flood spreading networks is about 1.43 to 2 times that of control. From 2015 to 2022, there was a significant difference in plant production index fluctuations in Bishehzard 1 and 4 networks compared to the control. In general, considering that water is one of the main factors limiting the growth and development of plants in arid and semi-arid regions, the use of flood spreading as a simple, low-cost and nature-compatible method to improve quantitative growth indices rangeland plants are inevitable

The mission of this article is to evaluate the physical resilience of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz. This area includes the primary core of Shiraz city and besides historical buildings that have cultural heritage value. Most of this area is residential and has a population of 35,727. The method of this research is descriptive - analytical and based on spatial data related to buildings in this area. The indicators used in this research are the index of building age, building quality, building skeleton, number of building floors, building area and building facade materials. The models used in this research include spatial regression model to discover the pattern trend that has been done using Geoda software; And Moran’s I model is used to discover the spatial pattern (clustered, random, scattered) of physical resorption in the region, and Moran’s local insulin model is used to observe clusters formed in Arc Gis software . The results showed that out of a total of 12717 units of buildings in this area, 2371 units equivalent to 18 .6 % are in good condition; And 3587 units equal to 28 .20 % are in unfavorable condition and 6759 units equivalent to 53 .14% are in average condition. In general, most of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz is in non - resilient and moderate resilient clusters. Which are prone to many casualties and financial losses in the event of an accident; Therefore, they need to act quickly in order to make a comparison

This study represents chromosomal data for seven species of five genera of Apiaceae, Cistaceae, Lamiaceae families. The chromosome numbers for three taxa including, Oliveria decumbens 2n=18, Acinus graveolens 2n=18, and Gonscharovia popovii 2n=30 are reported here for the first time and the chromosome number of Helianthemum aegyptiacum 2n=40, Helianthemum ledifolium 2n=40, Helianthemum salicifolium 2n=40 and Lagoecia cuminoides 2n=16 are reported for the first time in the flora of Iran. Karyotypic analyses of all species are presented.

Identifying the different habitats in wetlands is essential for their protection. This research was carried out with the aim of classifying habitat areas of Maharlu wetland in Fars province using MedWet, Mediterranean Wetland Habitat Classification System. Information on dominant vegetation cover, soil, and hydrology of the wetland was prepared using field surveys. The data on the water regime were obtained with quarterly satellite images from 2016-2019 in remote sensing media using ArcGIS. Sampling was performed for wetland plants and lake bed outcrops from 39 stations in May 2020. Plants were identified and classified on the basis of being an annual or perennial presence and submerged or floating. By stacking this information in ILWIS, different habitat zones were separated. Each was then specified using habitat international standard codes, and habitat maps were prepared. In total, 42 habitats were identified in the Maharlu wetland. The most prevalent habitats were palustrine–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–Mixosaline– (P-EPSX-) (14,797,300 m2), palustrine–emergent–persistent–temporarily flooded– Mixosaline (P-EPSX-) (296,600 m2), lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–seasonally flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPSX) (2,079,900 m2), and lacustrine–littoral–emergent–persistent–Semipermanently flooded–mixosaline– (LLEPLX-) (493,000 m2). The results of this research in recognizing habitats are useful for the protection of ecosystem sections, especially plant communities.

Tashk and Bakhtegan lakes are part of the Bakhtegan Wildlife Sanctuary, whose size is 108,000 hectares, according to the Ramsar Convention. These lakes are the second-largest in Iran and have an outstanding biodiversity of plants and animals. They include 13 families, 36 genera, and 53 plants, as well as 46 mammals, 218 birds, 36 reptiles, three amphibians, and 23 fish species. These two lakes are among the most thriving water ecosystems with high habitat diversity. Due to favorable reserves of aquatic animals, they are a suitable place for wintering, laying eggs, and reproducing migratory birds. During the last two decades, they have suffered from environmental factors such as drought. With the construction of three dams, Darudzen, Sivand, and Mollasadra, with a capacity of 1.5 billion cubic meters, the two lakes have completely dried up on the Ker and Sivand rivers, and the region's biodiversity has been destroyed. The purpose of this article is to investigate the importance of the Bakhtegan and Tashk Lakes and to introduce these two important lakes to the public, the scientific community, and the executive managers of the country, both in the time of high water and in the current situation, which from 18 years ago until now, both lakes are facing blackouts and gone and dried up.

Cities are growing and developing at a high speed, and the urbanization process is one of the most important issues facing urban planners. Along with the high level of population growth, land use change and its conversion to urban uses is also an important issue. The present study is an attempt to explain the spatial patterns of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years. The research is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and based on remote sensing data. First, the images of 1995-2005-2020 were obtained from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites in TM and OLI sensors. Then, using NVEI software and supervised classification method, the images were converted into land use maps in four classes: urban, agricultural, mountain and water. Then the maps were prepared using ARCGIS software to enter FRAGASTATS software and in the next step, they were entered to this software to analyze the landscape of the land. In the next step, these maps were analyzed using spatial metrics (PALAN-PD-NP-LSI-LPI-AWMFD-ENN-MN). In the last stage, by entering these metrics into the Shannon entropy model, a general overview of the spatial growth pattern of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years was obtained. The results of this research showed that the city of Kermanshah has experienced different growth patterns in the last 25 years. Patterns can be categorized into 3 periods. In the first period (year 1995), due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the inadequacy of urban planning patterns, the city experiences a period of scattered growth in isolated urban spots. In the second period (2005), due to the reduction of migrations and the development of the city within the limits of the existing spots, the city spends a period of compact pattern. But again, in the third period (2020), the city of Kermanshah has entered a period of dispersion pattern, which has approached the spatial pattern of a scattered city in all the metrics of the landscape.

Understanding ecosystems and their zonation based on their characteristics and sensitivities is an essential step in protecting natural resources and the sustainability of their habitats. The Mediterranean Wetland Habitat Classification System (MEDWET) is used to identify Bakhtegan wetland, Fars Province, Iran, by hierarchical classification of their habitats, in which they are identified and demarcated by dominant vegetation, soil, and hydrology. Remote sensing methods are used to obtain the maximum possible information with the least fieldwork. The data for the water regime were obtained from seasonal satellite images (1997 to 2009) and their analysis in GIS using ArcGis software. Field visits and sampling were performed for sections with little or no information, such as wetland plants and lake bed profiles. After identification, plant samples were classified based on life cycle (annual or perennial), and habitat (submerged or submerged). The digital layers of all information were stacked in ILWIS software to separate different habitats. Habitats were designated with international identifiers, and a habitat zoning map was prepared. A total of 51 different habitats were identified, the most important of which were lacustrine – littoral – emergent – nonpersistent - intermittently flooded - polysaline LLENIP, (607100 m2), water surface - salt crust - intermittently flooded – mesosaline, LLOAIM (154561200 m2), non-vegetated - salt crust - seasonally flooded – mesosaline, LLSASM (15790400 m2), and palustrine - nonvegetated - salt crust - seasonally flooded – mesosaline, P-SASM (25967300 m2), and salt crust - Intermittently flooded – mesosaline, P-SAIM (20503100 m2). The result of this research and the resulting map is the first step for recognizing sensitive and vulnerable areas of the wetland, and further planning for utilization management and protection of the ecosystem, especially the aquatic plant communities.

Urban resilience refers to the position of the city that due to proper management and planning, increases its resilience to natural and human crises and with the least amount of financial and human damage can overcome the crisis and return to normal in the shortest time. . . Unfortunately, in most cities of Iran, the part of the city that forms the core of the city and carries the identity, originality and history of the city have been forgotten and due to physical, social, economic and managerial weakness are waiting for the slightest natural flip. To dismantle and leave huge casualties and financial losses to their residents. In this regard, the present study evaluates and analyzes the dimensions and indicators of urban resilience in the dilapidated fabric of Boroujerd. Descriptive-analytical research method and using questionnaire methods, the statistical population is all residents of the worn-out tissue of Boroujerd, which in the 2016 census had a population of 37104 people. Cochran's formula was used to estimate the sample size, which was estimated to be 384 samples according to this formula. These questionnaires were randomly distributed in the range. After extracting the desired information, they were analyzed using SPSS software and smart pls structural equation software. The results of this study show that the worn-out fabric of Boroujerd is in an unfavorable condition in all aspects of resilience, according to Friedman test, the social dimension with 3.88, the economic dimension with 2.57, the physical dimension with 2.33 and the institutional dimension with /57, respectively. 1 is in better to worse condition, respectively. Also, the results of the structural equation model showed that the social dimension with 0.355, the physical dimension with 0.300, the economic dimension with 0.291 and the institutional dimension with 0.277 are effective for resilience of Boroujerd worn tissue, respectively.

Seven plant species belonging to 5 genera of Apiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Solanaceae family were studied. The chromosome numbers for four taxa including Pimpinella aurea 2n=20, Convolvulus leiocalycinus 2n=24, Astragalus jesdianus 2n=16, and Salvia mirzayanii 2n=20 are reported for the first time and the chromosome number of Conium maculatum 2n=22, Ziziphora tenuior 2n=18 and Datura innoxia 2n=24 are reported in the flora of Iran for the first time. Karyotypic analyses of all species are presented.

The natural disasters cause shocking results for living organisms and lead to many financial losses and causalities. The natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, storms, and tornadoes often have had devastating effects on human settlements and has caused heavy casualties. Therefore, the resilience has been proposed as an approach to retrofit settlements against natural disasters. The resiliency approach is defined as adaptability and flexibility of local area against changes resulting from accidents to reduce socio-economic and physical-infrastructure vulnerability and improve life quality. Kerman is one the cities in Iran which is threaten frequently by about 14 faults (including Zangiabad fault). Some of them may cause strong earthquakes, even stronger than 7 Richter. The central texture of Kerman, about 483 hectares, is physically worn-out and could be seriously damaged in the event of an earthquake. However, this study aimed to determine the current situation of resiliency dimensions in Kerman’s historical texture and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and appropriate strategies to improve the resilience of this place against earthquakes.

This was descriptive-analytical applied study. The observation, interview, and questionnaires were used for collecting the data. The population consisted of all residents of historical textures in Kerman (N= 51087, 2015). Using Morgan table, the sample size was determined to be 381. The questionnaires were randomly distributed among residents. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using SPSS software (Own-Sample t-test, Feridman Sample, descriptive statistics). Then, the SWOT matrix was created and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to resiliency of historical texture of Kerman were included. Then, the Delphi broad was formed and they were asked to assign each factor the weights between 0 (least important) and 1 (most important); the snowball technique was used by experts. The experts were asked to introduce other qualified experts from other organizations. At this stage, 20 experts were selected; 5 employees from district municipality who were familiar with historical texture, 10 faculty members in geography and urban planning, urban development, and architecture, and 5 Ph.D. candidate in geography and urban planning and urban development. At next stage, the strategic position of historical texture of Kerman was determined and appropriate strategies were presented. The QSPM was used to prioritize these strategies.

After examining the status quo, it was determined that the status of resiliency dimensions in Kerman's historical texture is not desirable. In social dimension, from 11 items, 7 items had mean score less than obtained numerical value and were considered as weaknesses. In economic dimension, the situation was even worse and it was indicated that in the case of an event which causes economic damage, it will not be possible to return normal situation. Also, due to loss of trust of people and related institutions, the communications are declined and people have less participation in reconstruction and renovation. Also, the residents believe that the relevant institutions have not accepted their responsibility and did not provide services to people during critical times. Also, the physical dimension of historical texture of Kerman faces severe deficiencies, like most central textures of cities in Iran. These weaknesses and inadequacies have increased the vulnerability of this region to earthquakes and some of them such as lack of suitable infrastructures make the crisis management operations to face problems. After identifying the current situation of historical texture in Kerman, the SWOT matrix was created and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were included. After analysis, the sum of score at internal factor matrix was 2.36 and external factor matrix was 2.53. The review or adaptation was determined as strategic position of historical texture in Kerman; these strategies seek to mitigate weaknesses to take advantage of existing opportunities. At final stage, the adaptation strategies were prioritized using QSPM. However, the adaptive strategies for Kerman's historical texture resilience were as follows:-Emphasize on infill development for speeding up the process of historical texture renovation process--Positioning and creating crisis management bases in free spaces to accelerate emergency operations in these areas.Trying to rebuild trust between people and urban management organizations as catalyst to increase participation of people in reconstruction of textures-Running maneuvers and critical situations exercises to prepare residents and institutions and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of crisis management system in historical texture .

The results of this study showed that the historical context of Kerman in terms of social, economic, physical, institutional indicators of resilience is unfavorable. For this reason, the SWOT matrix was formed and its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the historical context in terms of resilience were developed. Then, using the opinion of experts aware of the status of the historical context of Kerman, it was scored. The results showed that the strategic position of the historical context of Kerman is the position of the revision strategies is adaptive. Therefore, after formulating the desired strategies with the resilience of the historical context of Kerman, a quantitative planning matrix (QSPM) was formed and at this stage, the strategies were prioritized using the opinion of experts. The most important strategies in the first place are to pay attention to intermediate development to accelerate the process of tissue modernization and location and to establish crisis management bases in empty tissue spaces to "accelerate" rescue operations during emergencies.

The main basis of ecological research is the accurate identification of vegetation. Because it is an effective factor in measuring and evaluating the current situation and predicting the future situation of the region and will play an important role in proper and scientific management. For this purpose, in this study, the flora, life form and chorothype of plants in Bardkal watershed located in the northwest of Shiraz were introduced. The results showed 127 plant species which belong to 34 families and 102 genera. There are species in this watershed. The largest families Asteraceae with 24 species, Fabaceae with 17 species and Poaceae with 15 species, are in the first to third ranks, respectively. In terms of life form, 48 species of Therophytes, 34 species of Hemichryptophytes, 18 species of Camophytes, 14 species of Geophytes and 13 species of Phanerophytes were identified. The results of Chorothype plants in this watershed also showed that 122 plant species, which is equivalent to 96.07% of the total species, are located in a single-zone or multi-zone in the Iran-o-Turanian region.

Marls as the most sensitive geological structure against erosion and weathering have a major role in sediment yield of watersheds. Due to the lack of vegetation or sparse pattern of vegetation cover in the Marl Formations; by identifying suitable plants and establishing and propagating them in these areas, the amount of erosion can be reduced. it is difficult to carry out the implementation of erosion control structures in Marl lands due to their mechanical properties; therefore, erosion control using biological measures is necessary and this requires accurate identification of species diversity. Due to the importance of this issue, suitable plants for the conservation of marls were identified in the Tanghesorkh Watershed of Fars Province.

Eleven points with dominance and the presence of marl outcrops were selected as sampling points. The sampling method for studying vegetation in these areas was based on physiognomic-floristic method and using transects and plot methods. Samples were collected in early autumn 2019, late winter 2019 and spring and summer 2020 and using valid scientific methods and plant species were identified. Also, biological form, longevity, vegetation form and chorology were determined. Then, different plant characteristics (density, frequency, canopy and root and rhizome status, amount of litter produced, generation method and longevity) and ranking of plants were studied in order to stabilize and protect the marl soils.

Around 108 plant species belonging to 29 families and 88 genera were identified. Asteraceae family with 18 species, Papilionaceae family with 17 species and Poaceae family with 13 species, are in the first to third ranks, respectively, and 16.67, 15.74 and 12.03% of the number of species to allocate them. In terms of longevity, 40 annual species (16 species of grass and 24 species of forb) and 68 species of perennials (8 species of grass, 30 species of forb, 18 bushes, 2 trees and 10 shrubs) were identified. A total of 37.04 and 62.96% of the total species accounted for plant. Life form included therophyte (36.12%), hemicryptophyte (24.07%), camphite (17.59%), geophyte (11.11%) and phanerophyte (11.11%). 55 species with a specific chorotype specific to the Iran-Turani vegetation zone had the highest frequency (50.93%). According to botanical characteristics, 30, 38, and 40 species in the first to third ranks for conservation of marl in this watershed were introduced.

Species such as Astragalus susianus, Astragalus faciculifolious, Astragalus gossypinus, Artemisia Aucheri, Convolvuvlus acathocladus, Convolvuvlus leiocalycinus, Amygdalus scoparia, Acantholimon asphodelinum, Stipa barbata and Glycyrrhiza glabra is recommended for the establishment and reproduction of in marl-covered areas in this watershed. Also, due to the irregular exploitation of these lands, it is necessary to protect these areas by controlling and managing livestock grazing. Therefore, this conservation provides opportunities for regeneration and survival of valuable plant species in this watershed.

Cities are growing and developing rapidly, and analyzing the urbanization trend is one of the most important issues for urban planners. In addition to the high level of growth rate, changes in land use and conversion of land to urban uses are also important issues. The present study is an attempt to explain the spatial patterns of Khorramabad in the last 35 years. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and is based on remote sensing data. First, the images of 1365, 1375, 1385, 1395, and 1399 were taken from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellites in TM, ETM and OLI sensors, then using NVEI software and supervised classification method to land use maps in four classes: urban, agricultural, mountain and water. Became. Then, this map was prepared using ARCGIS software to enter the FRAGASTATS software and in the next step, they were called to this software to analyze the landscape. In the next step, these maps were examined using spatial metrics (PALAN-PD-NP-LSI-LPI-PD-AWMFD). In the last stage, by calling these metrics in Shannon entropy model, an overview of the spatial growth pattern of Khorramabad city in the last 35 years was obtained. The results of this study showed that the city of Khorramabad in the last 35 years has gone through different growth patterns. These patterns can be classified into 4 periods. It spends scattered in separate urban spots. In the second period (2006), due to the reduction of migrations and the development of the city within the existing spots, the city goes through a period of intensive pattern, but again in the third period (2016), Khorramabad city has entered a period of dispersion pattern as in all metrics Tendency to spatial pattern of the city is scattered. But again in the last period of 1399, space metrics have shown a pattern of intensive growth and the tendency to internal development of Khorramabad city.

urban nightlife has been used as one of the most important strategies for survival in the central areas of cities in leading countries. The present study has been evaluated by descriptive-analytical method and based on Delphi, documentary and field techniques (direct observation), with the aim of determining appropriate strategies for the continuation of nightlife in the 12th metropolitan area of Tehran. The members of the Delphi delegation, including 15 specialists with scientific (research) and practical experience (municipal staff of District 12) as well as experts related to District 12, have been selected by the snowball technique. After recognizing the status of indicators of urban nightlife, it has presented appropriate strategies. First, the obtained data were classified using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model and it was determined that the user mixing index with a score of 0.235, the public spaces and tourism index with a score of 0.198, the services and facilities index with a score of 0.178, Transportation index with a score of 0.157, lighting index with a score of 0.093, security index with a score of 0.081 and landscape index with a score of / 057, respectively, the highest to the lowest level in terms of utility, for urban night life Earned. Then in the strategic planning process (SWOT), experts were used to score the matrix of internal and external factors. In the end, it was found that the strategic position of nightlife in area 12 is the revision or adaptive position (WO).

In this study, plant samples were identified using available scientific sources and by examining various plant characteristics including: density, frequency, canopy status, roots and rhizomes, amount of litter produced, vegetative form, propagation method and longevity, priority plants were classified in order to stabilize and protect the marls. According to the results, 34, 59 and 61 species, respectively, in the first to third priority in order to stabilize and conservation marls in these watershed were introduced. It is necessary to reproduce and establish bush, shrub, tree, forb and perennial grass species, and annual grass and forb species in these lands, respectively. Also, considering the botanical characteristics and natural characteristics of the region and emphasizing that in addition to the issue of erodibility and sediment production, marl lands are mainly low permeability and insufficient moisture for the establishment and growth of plants; It is recommended for the establishment and reproduction of species such as: Astragalus susianus Boiss.، Astragalus gossypinus Fisch. and Artemisia Aucheri Boiss. Take action in the areas covered by marl in this watershed. Because with the management and establishment of these species, in addition to soil conservation, the opportunity to reproduce and preserve these valuable plant species will be provided.

Urban livability as one of the most important elements of quality and urban attraction, has received increasing attention in various cities. This concept refers to social comfort, health and individual and social well-being in the city, which are also principles of sustainable development. In this regard, the present study has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the dimensions and components of livability in the areas of Khorramabad. The research method is descriptive-analytical using a questionnaire. The statistical population is all citizens of Khorramabad, which in the 2016 census was equal to 380829 people. Charles Cochranchr('39')s formula was used to estimate the sample size, and according to this formula, the number of samples was estimated at 384 people. The obtained data were analyzed using Spss, Arc Gis, Excel software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and TOPSIS models. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the areas of Khorramabad in terms of dimensions of livability and in the areas of the city the dimensions of livability are associated with intensity and weakness. The TOPSIS model also showed that in terms of total viability, Shaghayegh area with Si 0.823 has the highest bioavailability and Hot Valley area with 0.176 Si has the lowest bioavailability among Khorramabad city and other areas. Are also in between.

In this study, the flora, life form and chorology of plants in the west of Maharloo watershed located in Fars province, with an area of 293.8 square kilometers, were studied by sampling by linear method and linear transect during 2019 and 2020. This region is located at an altitude of 1800 to 2050 meters above sea level. Based on the results, 154 plant species belonging to 34 families and 108 genera were identified in this region, of which 30 species were endemic to Iran and the Iranian plateau and 5 species were endemic to Fars province. The families Asteraceae with 29 species (18.83%), Papilionaceae with 20 species (12.98%) and Poaceae with 18 species (11.68%) are in the first to third ranks, respectively. Therophytes with 59 species (38.32%) were the most abundant life form. The highest chorology of plants with 82 species (53.25%) is related to the Iranian-Turanian region. It is suggested that with proper management will be provided opportunities for reproduction and conservation of plant species in this region.

Somatic chromosome numbers of 6 species from Lamiaceae family were studied. The chromosome numbers for 5 taxa includingLavandula sublepidota 2n=18, Phlomis anisodonta 2n=20, Phlomis pachyphylla 2n=20, Eremostachys laevigata 2n=22and Otostegia michauxii 2n=82 are new reports. ThechromosomenumberofNepeta depauperata is 2n=18.Ideograms are depicted for all studied species.

 In the realization of the creative city in Hormozgan province are known and the indicators of the number of printing houses, the number of libraries and the number of cultural and artistic exhibitions with an impact weight of 0.0195 are known as the least effective indicators in the realization of the creative city. In line with the second goal, TOPSIS model was used and its results showed that Bandar Abbas with the value of Ci 1 has the highest level of creativity and in the port of Lengeh with the value of 0.815649 in the second place, Minab with the value of 124715 / 0 in the third rank, Qeshm with the value of 0.09292 in the fourth rank, Rudan with the value of 0.070436 in the fifth rank, Bastak with the value of 0.070352 in the sixth rank, Parsian with the value of 0.0586565 in the seventh rank, Hajiabad with the value of / 058778 0 in the eighth place, Jask with the value of 0.051672 in the ninth place, Khamir with the value of 0.04316 in the tenth place, Sirik with the value of 0.016682 in the eleventh place, Abu Musa with the value of 0.012988 in the twelfth place and Bashagard with the value of 0.008452 It is ranked last.

The system of transportation of the anatomy of the arteries and arteries forms the urban life. And it is responsible for the movement of people and goods. A dynamic transport system can be a community development center. If it is not well designed and designed, it can lead to a network of services that ignores the changing and up-to-date needs, intensifying the situation of the poor, and harming the environment to exceed the general financial capability. Meanwhile, Tehran metropolitan area is now the main political, economic and social capital of Iran. It is involved with acute transport problems. Compressed traffic and intense air pollution are only part of those consequences. This is why the study seeks to prioritize travel demand management policies (TDM) to improve the city of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and based on Delphi's views. Therefore, firstly, the management policies demanded by the criteria of sustainable transport were extracted from different sources. They were graded by experts and then analyzed using Hierarchical Hierarchy Analysis (AHP) and Expert Rating software. The results indicate that in the current conditions of the Tehran metropolis, the attention paid to improving sustainable transport infrastructure such as bicycles, pedestrians and improving the quality of public transport fleet can have a better performance. In the next stage, economic instruments are the cost of using cars. One will attract citizens' desire for public transportation. At the next level, land use management can be used in the new development of the city of Tehran or the restoration of worn-out areas and, finally, the implementation of programs by removing unnecessary trips can be Apply in the first double window.

Somatic chromosome numbers of 6 species from 3 families were studied in this research. The chromosome numbers for 3 taxa including Dicyclophora persica 2n=22,Pycnocycla caespitosa 2n=22, and Phlomis polioxantha 2n=20 are new reports.Also, the chromosome number of Halimodendron halodendron 2n= 16 has been reported here for the first time for the flora of Iran. ThechromosomenumberofPycnocyclaspinosaandEremostachys macrophylla is2n=22. Ideograms are depicted for each species.

The studies in the field of residential satisfaction increase our understanding of success or failure level of housing projects, project quality, and the factors of residential satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In this regard, the goal of this research is to assess the residential satisfaction of Vahdat Mehr housing complex (located in Shiraz). The current research is a practical research in terms of objective and is a descriptive-analytic research in terms of methodology. Also, the survey data collection method has been performed by a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data. The research's statistical society is all the residents of the Vahdat Mehr housing complex of Shiraz and the sample size is 384 people that is randomly selected using Cochran formula. To analyze the information and data, the one-sample T-test was used. The results show that the housing strength index with total average of 2.58, the housing tenure index with total average of 3.26, the congestion index with total average of 3.13, the neighborhood quality index with total average of 3.04, and 8 out of 11 access indices with total average of 2.52 are less than average (3.50) and have an undesirable condition so that the residents are not satisfied with them. However, the other three access indices with total average of 4.21 as well as the indices of initial housing facilities (with total average of 4.06) are above average (3.5) and have a desirable condition so that the residents are satisfied with them.

 In the last half-century, one of the most important and most complicated social changes is urbanism and urban development. In fact, the urban population of the world has raised from 14 percent in 1900 to 50 percent in 2007. The housing sector can be considered as one of the most important parts of urban development in society. Despite the fact that governments have committed and attempted to provide sufficient, suitable, and high-quality housing for different income groups—with an emphasis on developing affordable housing—but there are still two major problems. The first is quantitative so that the number of houses provided isn’t enough for the demand of the low-income group. However, the second is qualitative so that the types of provided houses do not fit the family housing, comfortability, social, cultural, and religious requirements. The studies related to residential satisfaction are done for various purposes such as evaluating the current housing situation, needs and preferences, success or failure level of housing projects, and project quality. The necessity to study the residential satisfaction enhances our understanding of residents’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction of residents. On the other hand, these studies are very important for informing housing policies. The evaluation of housing quality through residents (how they think about their houses and how this matter affects their lives) has become a useful tool to measure the success level of residential projects. In this regard, this research evaluates the satisfaction level of Vahdat Mehr complex’s residents in Shiraz.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytic in terms of methodology. Data was collected by surveying and using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical society of the research is the residents of the Vahdat Mehr complex locating in shiraz. Also, the sample size (384 people) was selected using the Cochran formula and simple random method. The questionnaire was validated using content validation method and the indices tested in related studies as well as by consulting with professors and experts. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach’s Alpha method and the result was 0.960, showing the internal cohesion of the questionnaire. In this research, six indices were used to study the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the residents in Shiraz’s Vahdat Mehr Complex. These indices are the strength and beauty of the housing, basic facilities, type of housing occupation, density and congestion in residential unit, service accessibility in the neighborhood, and neighborhood quality. Furthermore, the one-sample t-test was employed to analyze data.

In the current study, we attempted to evaluate the satisfaction level of the residents in Shiraz’s Vahdat Mehr Complex using mental indices including housing cohesion, basic facilities, type of housing occupation, density and congestion, service accessibility, and neighborhood quality. The findings of the research showed that respondents were satisfied only with the basic facilities and evaluated the other indices as weak.

 The results of the research indicate that respondents were not satisfied with six out of seven housing cohesion indices. The overall mean of these six indices (2.37) was less than average (3.5) and undesirable. On the other hand, the index of building lighting during the day (3.85) was evaluated higher than average and desirable. Also, the residents were satisfied with the basic facilities of housing. The overall mean of this index was 4.06 which is more than average and desirable. The index of housing occupation with an overall mean of 3.26 was less than average and respondents evaluated it as undesirable. The evaluation of density and congestion showed that respondents were not satisfied because its overall mean (3.13) was less than average, implying the dissatisfaction of residents. Also, the residents were not satisfied with eight out of the eleven indices related to service accessibility in the neighborhood and evaluated them as weak (with the overall mean of 2.52). however, three out of those eleven indices were desirable so that their overall mean was higher than average; these desirable indices include access to supermarkets and retailers (4.43), access to mosque (4.41) access to public transportation including taxi and bus (3.80). The evaluation of residential satisfaction about neighborhood quality showed that respondents were not satisfied with fourteen out of seventeen related indices and evaluated them as weak. The overall mean of these fourteen indices was 2.92 which is less than average and undesirable. The other three indices of neighborhood quality were average. However, the final neighborhood quality index (3.04) was less than average, demonstrating the bad situation of neighborhood quality and dissatisfaction of residents.

The conservation status of Tanacetum paradoxum, an Iranian endemic species of Asteraceae, was evaluated and defined based on IUCN threat categories. It was studied according to three categories: area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and the number of mature species in populations (based on field visits). The only habitat of this species is in the center of Fars (on the road of Sarvestan to Fasa, Post-e Chenar, Cheshmeh Mordi), in a cold semi-arid region. Its habitat is located in the Zagros area. Tanacetum paradoxum occupies an area of 560 m2 with scattered individuals in the area. Based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), it is a critically endangered species. The habitat of this species is affected by human activities. The field observations indicated that the lack of management and inappropriate exploitation such as degradation of habitat by road construction and the transport of vehicles in the region, mining, power pole, land use change, construction of the olive garden, and agriculture were the main threats to this species. Therefore, special attention and full conservation of the species habitat are needed.

Teucrium polium L. is a native plant of Iran that is used in traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil in seven T. polium ecotypes with a range of 800 to 2500 altitudes in Fars province. To perform this study, the aerial parts of T. polium were collected in flowering stages and dried under laboratory conditions. Then, the essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the most important constituents of essential oils varied in different habitats and the main components were germacrene- D (22.6–6.7%), bicyclogermacrene (15.1–4.4%), α-pinene (16.6–0.8%), β-Pinene (9.2–0.8%), myrcene (9.5–1.7%) and (E)-Caryophylle (13.9– 4.2%). Comparison of the major constituents of the essential oils showed that the ecotypes collected from higher altitude areas had higher sesquiterpene than monoterpenes. Data analysis of the main constituents of the essential oils using Minitab software led to the identification of three distinct groups, indicating the existence of intra-species phytochemical diversity in this plant.

The somatic chromosome number of 7 species from 5 families of angiosperms is reported from Iran. The chromosome numbers for 4 taxa including Tanacetum dumosum (Asteraceae) 2n=18, Phlomis elliptica 2n=20 & Phlomis aucheri (Lamiaceae) 2n=20and Alcea aucheri (Malvaceae) 2n=42 are new reports.Also,the tetraploid level (2n=4x=32) for Fibigia umbellata is reported for the first time.