ali movahed

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a high prevalent disease throughout the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the CRS patients.

A total of 241 CRS patients aged 15-70 years were recruited. The prevalence of allergic diseases and its association with CRS, disease severity, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using GA2LEN and SNOT-22 questionnaires, respectively. Patients' clinical diagnoses and allergic comorbidities were evaluated using paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), nasal endoscopy, and paraclinical tests (smell identification test, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), skin prick test (SPT), pulmonary function test (PFT)).

The mean (±SD) age of all participants was 40.1±11.1 years, with a gender distribution of 56% male and 44% female. Nasal polyps (NP) were diagnosed in 42.4% of patients. The total mean SNOT-22 scores and the mean scores of the nasal symptoms category were significantly higher in CRS patients with NP (CRSwNP) compared to CRS without NP (CRSsNP) (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 9.6–0.55, P = 0.028). Furthermore, there was a significant association between CRSwNP and persistent allergic rhinitis comorbidity (P = 0.006). Finally, a significant association was found between CRSwNP and severe SPT reactivity to Dermatophagoides farina and date palm pollen (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively).

This study suggests that higher SNOT-22 scores may impact QoL in CRSwNP patients. Additionally, a significant association was found between CRS and respiratory allergic diseases.

Literary tourism is one of the types of cultural tourism, the main purpose of which is to get to know the places related to the lives of writers, poets, artists and their works. Iran, having famous poets and writers, has suitable conditions for the development of literary tourism. In the meantime, Tehran has always been the focus of poets and writers of our country due to its political position and the presence of cultural and artistic centers. Therefore, it has great potential to create literary tourism. The analysis of literary tourism capacities is done at three levels: individual, organizational and environmental. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze "environmental capacities" in the development of literary tourism in Tehran. The research method in carrying out this research is descriptive-analytical with practical purpose. In order to collect information, documentary and survey methods have been used. The statistical population of survey studies included two groups of literary tourists and the local community. The research findings showed that "types of literary tourism" are the most effective variable of environmental capacity in the development of literary tourism in Tehran. After that, "infrastructure" is the second priority. "Literary places" are also in the third category, less important than the two mentioned cases. The research results show that Tehran has a suitable environmental capacity for the creation and development of literary tourism, and this capacity can be the grounds for the development of tourism in Tehran

The necessity of existence of orchestrator in the leadership of innovation networks is emphasized. Venture capitalists have extensive network activities and high influence in the companies they support, which puts them in the position of organizing innovation networks; but the investigation of their roles and capabilities needed for orchestratation has been weak in previous researches. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the roles and capabilities of venture capitalists for orchestratoring innovation networks. For this purpose, in this research, a multiple-case study and data collection was done through a purposeful sampling method with semi-structured interviews with 6 experts active in 3 venture capital companies in Iran, and in order to analyze and integrate the obtained data, a qualitative method of thematic analysis and MaxQDA softwar was used.  According to the obtained results 7 key themes were recognized including, attracting key members, managing knowledge, creating a value chain and cooperation, creating stability and motivating the members of the network and evaluating them, as main orchestrators' role, as well as, required capabilities (including technical, managerial and networking) to be successful in performing these roles. Based on these roles and capabilities, the situation of the three venture capitalists under study was compared and conclusions were drawn regarding the success factors of playing the leadership role of the innovation network by the venture capitalists.

Spiritual experience is one of the growing potentials and attractions in many tourist destinations, and involves a wide range of religious and secular tourists. This paper aims to analyze the motives and factors affecting the spiritual experiences of foreign female tourists in Iran. The required data were collected using 383 questionnaires from foreign female tourists in the hotels where they stayed, or at airports on their way to their country. Then the data were analyzed by applying correlation test and multi-linear regression analysis. The results of study show that, being in harmony with the nature is the most important motive for foreign female tourists traveling to Iran. Among the characteristics of tourist destinations, natural geography, history and culture lie as the most important factors affecting the spiritual experiences of the foreign female tourists visiting Iran.

One of the main factors in the development of tourism in any region is the satisfaction of tourists. Given the multiplicity of tourist needs as factors in attracting and developing tourism, the development of this sector requires the recognition of these needs and their provision by the destination. Acquiring the satisfaction of tourists requires measuring their satisfaction and recognizing the dimensions and factors affecting it. Accordingly, in the present study, the satisfaction of tourists from Kurdistan province and the factors influencing it have been studied. The present study was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study included all tourists who visited Kurdistan province in the research season in 1397, and finally, using the Cochran's formula, the sample size of 160 questionnaires was determined. The data collection method was library and field. Findings show that men are more satisfied than women and there is no significant difference between the age and education of tourists and their satisfaction; But there is a significant relationship between the job and economic status of tourists and their satisfaction. Research shows that the most important motivation for traveling to this province is to visit ecotourism attractions. Although the province's tourist attractions have been able to satisfy tourists; However, due to the weakness in services and amenities, the satisfaction of tourists is low. Research shows that the most important motivation for traveling to this province is to visit ecotourism attractions. The most important reason for tourists to enter this province is due to its suitable climate. Those who have traveled to the province in the past have also been interested in future trips.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and response to treatment of grade 3 and 4 periodontal disease in dogs and cats. The present research is field type and has been conducted in selected environments. In this study, cases related to 200 cases of dogs and cats were reviewed and in cases of access to the treatment process of referral bags, the necessary reviews were performed. Evaluations were performed in the form of clinical examinations and questionnaires and the condition of the mouth and teeth, the amount of gingival hyperemia, measuring the depth of the tooth groove, the amount of loose teeth were among the items that were carefully examined by measuring instruments and the depth of the tooth groove. Periodontal probe was measured to assess the grade of the disease. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be stated that the study of factors such as age, racial differences, type of nutrition and the amount of home care can provide comprehensive information about the prevalence and frequency of periodontal disease in dogs and Cats and examining these factors can help in timely diagnosis, treatment and proper prognosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of urinary stones in dogs and cats referred to selected veterinary centers in Tehran province. The present study, which is a descriptive and field study, includes a statistical population of 80 cases of 44 dogs and 36 cats who have referred to the mentioned centers during this period and have been evaluated by a designed questionnaire. اند. According to the information obtained in this study, the information is classified according to the type, race, sex, nutrition, types of stones, different sizes and colors of urinary stones by making tables and related charts. The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of urinary stones in females, dogs and cats is higher than males and surgical history such as sterilization increases the risk of urinary stones. Prevalence also varies at different ages and the likelihood of developing urinary stones increases with age. Also, the type and breed of the animal affect the frequency of different types of urinary stones. In the statistical population of this study, the prevalence of urinary stones in dogs and cats of different breeds are struvite stones 24%, struvite stones + calcium oxalate 11%, struvite stones + calcium phosphate 17%, stone Strawite + calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate 10%. Calcium Phosphate + Calcium Oxalate 9%, Calcium Phosphate 8%, Calcium Oxalate 11%, Urate 4%, Urate + Calcium 6%.

With the rapid growth of population and urbanization since the last century, the complexity and understanding of the spatial organization of the city, as well as the ability to predict urban events in its spaces, have become difficult and in some cases impossible. Karaj metropolis is one of the major metropolitan areas of Iran that has been experiencing rapid population growth and this has led to complexity of space and consequently to complexity of organization recognition and analysis and its spatial structure and impact of livelihood components. It has become a spatial system. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the role and impact of Karaj's spatial organization on its nuclear viability. The research method is quantitative and descriptive-exploratory. The study area was Karaj metropolis and its main nuclei. The statistical population of this study is citizens living in the sub-nucleus of Karaj. The sample size was 378persons. The data used in this study were collected through library and field research. Data were analyzed using spatial statistics, spatial arrangement, and T-test and Friedman test. The results show that the Karaj metropolitan organization and spatial structure are interconnected and connected to some of the major routes, forming sub-nuclei away from the core and thus transferring the functional and service applications from the center to be the peripheral nucleus. This has affected the viability of the core. Decrease in biodiversity has occurred in different physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions that have affected the environmental and economic aspects less than the other two dimensions, so it can be concluded that the Karaj Spatial Organization has an impact on its viability.

Today, an important aspect of developed cities is the construction of large-scale commercial centers such as Megamalls. Abbasabad County is one of the coastal provinces in the north of Iran, which due to the tourism boom in recent years, approximately 18 small and large commercial centers have been built there that seems to have various impacts on economic, physical, social and ecological dimensions of its local communities. In this regard, the main purpose of this essay was to investigate the impacts of Megamalls on these towns. The required data of the applied and descriptive-analytical research were collected through library studies and field studies. The statistical population is the towns of province, which has been estimated to be 386 people selected as sample by using the Cochran formula. Moreover, the final weight of the criteria was determined by nine experts using paired comparison method. Applying the Fuzzy VIKOR model, cities were evaluated and ranked. The result of the research related to the importance of the 78 research criteria showed that the criteria of income, land and housing prices, rent and prices of goods and services are the most important criteria for measuring the sustainability of local communities. In addition, Abbasabad, Salman Shahr and Kelar Abad were ranked first to third in terms of the sustainability of communities with VIKOR with 0.444, 0.450 and 0.533 values, respectively. The average of the sustainability of the whole province with VIKOR at 0.475 shows that the Megamalls have influenced the stability of Abbasabad County and has reduced its stability compared to the time before the construction of the Megamalls.

Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) is a filamentous and photosynthetic microalgae that contains 25 kinds of vitamins and minerals and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of S. platensis.

The polyphenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of S. platensis was evaluated by Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent, chloride aluminum method, and CUPRAC, respectively. The cytotoxicity of extract on HCT116 and SW742 colorectal cancer cells was determined using an MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 h treatment with various concentrations of S. platensis extract (0-1000 μg/ml).

The ethanolic extract of S. platensis showed an antioxidant activity of 53/7±6/63 mg of Ascorbic acid/g dried sample and was characterized with a high level of polyphenolic and flavonoid content. A dose and time dependent decrease in the viability of HCT116 and SW742 cells was detected following exposure to the extract. After 72 h treatment, IC50 value of HCT116 and SW742 cell lines was obtained as 14/79±0/33 µg/ml and 13/26±1/52 µg/ml, respectively.

The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of S. platensis decreases colorectal cancer cell viability significantly. Therefore, this extract can be a candidate for producing anticancer agents.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Sargassum boveanum is a plant species of brown algae that is widely found in the Persian Gulf. The present study investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sargassum boveanum in colorectal cancer cell lines.

Sargassum boveanum was collected from the Persian Gulf in Bushehr province. The hydroalcoholic extract of this plant was extracted by maceration in ethanol 70%. The concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol 70%) were assessed by folin ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and CUPRAC methods, respectively. Afterwards, the cytotoxicity effect of this extract was investigated in two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW742 and HCT116) and normal cells (fibroblasts) at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment by the MTT method.

The studied hydroalcoholic extract contains significant amounts of polyphenol (36.79 ± 0.66 mg GAE/g dwt), flavonoid (194.66±2.5 QE/g dwt) and antioxidant capacity (526.99 ± 9.16 mg AA/g dwt). The hydroalcoholic extract gradually inhibited cell growth in the SW742, HCT116 and fibroblast cells in a
time- and dose-dependent manner.

Our results showed that sargassum boveanum hydroalcoholic extract may have considerable potential for development as a novel, natural product-based, anticancer agent.

Improving the desirability of spaces, which means that the spaces should be acceptable by the people and should affect the users, is an important desire and goal of urban regeneration. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban regeneration in the desirability of Haram public space in District 20 of Tehran Municipality. It used a descriptive-analytical method based on survey data collected from 240 old businesspersons in the space. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test in SPSS Software and structural equations in AMOS Software were used. Findings indicate that space conditions for the presence of women and people of different ages, pedestrian transportation facilities, space safety, good access, user comfort, and a sense of belonging to the space, were the 25 indicators with better conditions. Since the implemented projects were more physical in nature and less cultural or social, the indicators and dimensions related to these dimensions have also undergone more changes.

Spatial development is how a phenomenon spreads from the center or domain and territorial area of ​​its expansion. Assessing the current situation and how to progress towards sustainable tourism leads to development in economic, socio-cultural, physical-environmental and institutional dimensions in the territory of the city. Achieving sustainability in its various dimensions requires the existence of measures, indicators and criteria for measuring tourism in order to analyze, evaluate and explain the status of tourism sustainability. This research is an applied research and its approach and attitude is descriptive-analytical. The required data and information were collected in two ways: library (documentary) and survey (field). The reliability of the research instrument was tested by Cronbach's alpha method and the obtained coefficient (0.873) indicates the high level of reliability of the questionnaire. This study uses Vickor, Electr, SAW multi-criteria decision making models and Kepland integration model, Ardabil four areas in terms of evaluating the spatial development of urban tourism at the regional level to achieve sustainable tourism with emphasis on socio-cultural, economic, environmental and physical indicators. And it has been prioritized. Findings showed that although the results of each of the models used have differences in priority and rank, but the integration model by combining the importance of each reached the final result and this important indicator of the similarity and combination of models with each other to achieve a single answer. Finally, spatial assessment and distribution in urban areas of Ardabil, including zones two, one, three and four, respectively, have priority.

Speeding -as the most frequent driving violation- has been the cause of 21% accidents in the first three months of 1398 in Tehran. Over speeding behavior has roots in drivers’ individual attitudes which has not been studied enough for drivers in Tehran. This study examined the association between speeding violation frequency and drivers' attributes including socioeconomic characteristics and their attitudes toward driving. A Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was built using a cohort of 470 adult drivers data the number of tickets they received in three month periods and their individual attributes. Results show that hours of physical activity and exercise per week, some perceptions such as "other drivers move slowly" and "Traffic violations are an immoral act" affect the occurrence and the frequency of speeding. Besides, having delays in most trips that require driving, less than five years of driving experience and having vehicle body insurance directly affect the frequency of speeding. Based on the results, it can be concluded that reviewing the rules can be effective in reducing speeding violations, for instance, adding some penalties in body insurance contracts for the number of speeding violations. Also, education courses for raising public awareness toward violations can be effective, especially for drivers with more experiences and speeding violations.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common genetic disease in the world and an autosomal dominant disease characterized by increased plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations. The clinical diagnosis of the disease is based on family history, the findings of medical examinations, and the measurement of cholesterol levels. The most important cause of FH is the mutation in one of the LDL-R, APOB, and PSCK9 genes. About 90% of mutations occur in the LDL-R gene, which accounts for a total of 2,000 different mutations. Different types of mutations have been observed on different exons of the LDL-R gene, but most of the mutations have been reported on Exon 4. The aim of this study was to sequence and analyze Exon 4 in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in Bushehr province in Iran.

In this study, 32 patients were selected based on global criteria for diagnosing the disease, and a portion of LDL-R containing complete sequence of exon 4 was amplified using LDLRE4F1/ LDLRE4R1 Primers and blood genomic DNA as a template. PCR products were sequenced and compared with reference sequence to find probable muta tions.

The results of sequencing and comparison with the reference sequence showed that no mutation was found in the exon 4 LDL-R gene. Therefore, this exon did not play a role in FH in the population under study.

Therefore, the cause of FH may be due to the mutations in other areas of the LDL-R gene or other genes, such as APOB and PSCK9.

Entrepreneurship is one of the development approaches of rural areas in various dimensions including economic, social and environmental. It also plays an important role as a leading strategy in the tourism sector. Entrepreneurial programs and activities can have important effects on the dimensions, indicators and different sectors of rural areas and rural tourism destinations resulting in important changes and developments in these destinations. Alamut district situated within Qazvin city, having its rural tourism resources and capabilities along with ecotourism and cultural tourism capacities, is one of the areas that has been associated with tourism growth and entrepreneurial activities in the past decade. The main purpose of this study is to assess the extent and scope of the effects and consequences of entrepreneurship programs on the changes and developments of rural tourism destinations within different dimensions.

 This research is of applied type and in terms of the nature of data, it is a quantitative-qualitative combined research. For this purpose, first through a series of library and field studies, the set of entrepreneurial activities carried out in the past decade was identified and then the dimensions and indicators of rural tourism destinations in four dimensions of economic, managerial-human, socio-cultural and physical-spatial were identified. The main statistical population of the study was the group of experts including village councils and rural tourism researchers and scholars familiar with the region and the tourism businesses owners. Local people were also examined as a complementary statistical population in terms of quality and theoretical saturation method to complete the information. Data analysis was performed using indicators and statistical analysis alongside with qualitative analysis.

The results show limited effects of entrepreneurship on the economic indicators of villages. Entrepreneurship has not been able to have significant effects on any economic indicators and the main effects are moderate and sometimes upward. Also in the socio-cultural dimension, entrepreneurial activities have not been able to make significant changes in the villages of Alamut, and these changes, which have been mainly positive, are limited. Entrepreneurial activities have a relative and moderate impact on the growth of the number of creative people and indigenous or non-indigenous entrepreneurs in rural areas, and to some extent have provided the ground for officials to communicate with entrepreneurs. In the physical-spatial dimension, the effects of entrepreneurship have been positive and negative. The average effects of entrepreneurship on the physical-spatial dimension are at a moderate and relative level. Entrepreneurship has had very little impact only on the level of protection of natural resources, but has had relative effects on the development of rural infrastructure and the level of infrastructure. However, the type of effects in this section is positive and negative. In the study of villages from the perspective of variability of entrepreneurship, Gazerkhan village, Garmarud and Evan village are in the first priority of change. Evan village has faced relative economic and physical-spatial changes due to the existence of Lake Evan and constructions, services and recreational complexes, and the structure of the village as well as the culture of the people and their social relations have been accompanied by changes. In other villages, the effects of entrepreneurship are small and limited, and in fact, entrepreneurship has not been able to make significant changes in these villages.In generally, the results show that the level of effects and consequences of entrepreneurship on destination changes is mainly at a moderate to high level while the degree of influence of destinations from entrepreneurship programs is relative. In general, the necessary planning should be done to manage the destination in order to prevent potential threats in order to reach the optimal level of development. Although entrepreneurship has caused relative and moderate changes in various dimensions in the tourist villages of Alamut, but these cases do not mean a great change in Alamut tourism and the changes have been very slow and gradual and it cannot be said that there is no particular change in rural tourism has been created. However, although the effects are limited and cannot be considered a change, but since the changes in destinations have been evident over the years, so it can be used as a strategy and program to change tourism in rural destinations in Alamut. Another noteworthy point is that the effects of entrepreneurship on all dimensions are the same and equal, which indicates that the level of entrepreneurial activities due to its limited scope, has not had much difference on different dimensions.

The right to the city is defined as a new form of citizenship so that all citizens can control and participate in the production of urban space. Women, as half of the society, do not have the possibility of equal use of urban spaces compared to men, and as a result, gender spaces are formed. According to the gender perspective, the dominance of patriarchal power relations in urban spaces should also be considered so that all residents with different identity differences such as gender; to be able to enjoy their right to participate and the right to own urban spaces. Presence in the female space as an independent variable consists of four dimensions: security, accessibility, mobility, and openness and sound. Women's rights to the city as a dependent variable and motivation as a moderating variable. The statistical sample of the research using the test-based method is 247 people, which includes women over 14 years old who use women-only parks in Isfahan. Data collection is through questionnaires and data analysis, structural equation modeling with smart pls software. The results showed that presence in the women's space affected the right to the city of women and the variables of security and openness, and having a voice in the right to the city of women is also significant. The variable of motivation as a moderator has no moderating role on the causal relationship of presence in the female space to the right to the city of women.

The present paper deals with the analysis and analysis of spatial justice and its relation with social capital using descriptive-analytical research method. To assess spatial justice, the distribution of urban facilities and their per capita amount (per capita of religious, educational, medical, green, cultural, etc.) are used at local level. Then, they have been ranked by the multi-criteria decision-making method of Vicar County. According to the rates obtained from the vikor method and considering the final points, Shams Tabrizi and PehrAbad neighborhoods are in a state of affairs and the property districts, Sheikh Taj and TapaliBagi and Ohadi have a favorable situation.  The low-grade journals are in the new textbook and informal settlements. In areas such as Jahangir, Daneshghah, Sahand, Valiasr, Azadegan, new structures have been built as residential settlements over the past two decades. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the social justice of social capital indicators, a questionnaire was used that 383 questionnaires were prepared in relation to the population of each neighborhood. Five key indicators (trust, partnership, engagement, membership and security) have been used to assess social capital. The results show that neighborhoods such as Shams Tabriz, Khaje Nasir, Khan, Seidlar and Daraie have the highest social capital. In the third step, Pearson correlation methods and weight geographic regression have been used to analyze the relationship between spatial justice and social capital. In this method, the correlation between variables is shown in the neighborhood level. Output layer The standardized residual geographic weighted regression analysis between spatial justice and citizenschr('39') satisfaction shows that in Shams Tabrizi, Azadegan, Khajeh Nasir 1 and 2, Sheikh Taj, Daraie, and Pasdaran, there was a positive spatial relationship. This means that the spatial development of these areas has a positive impact on improving the quality of life and social capital, the greater the spatial justice in these areas will increase social capital.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent disease affecting the quality of life of patients throughout the world. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of AR and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the adult population living in Bushehr, southwestern part of Iran. In this population-based study, a total of 5420  individuals aged 15-65 years were selected through a multi-stage, cluster, random sampling method from which 5201 of them completed the Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) questionnaire (Response rate=96.1%). The prevalence of AR, based on Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) classification (mild or moderate; intermittent or persistent) was calculated and the association of AR and CRS was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model. The overall prevalence of AR was 28.8%, and for the intermittent and persistent AR were 25.9% (out of which 81.34% were moderate to severe) and 74.1% respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of AR was significantly higher in health workers and smokers (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, an association was found between AR and CRS (p<0.001, aOR: 4.68, 95%CI: 4.07-5.39), and also, between the persistent AR and CRS as compared with the intermittent (p<0.001, aOR: 4.21, 95%CI: 3.40-5.22). The present study showed that the prevalence of AR in Bushehr (Southwestern part of Iran) was significantly high. In addition, the results indicated a strong association between AR and CRS, especially in individuals with moderate to severe persistent AR.

Today, threats facing humanity are fundamentally different from those in previous years. The risks associated with these brand-new hazards cannot be kept under control and look to be far more serious and deadly than the risks posed by age-old or natural hazards. Some of them have become a global crisis and had a far-reaching impact on tourism. The coronavirus crisis (COVID 19) is one of the most effective global crises that has profoundly affected tourism and paralyzed many tourism activities. Getting back to normal and the time before this crisis seems to take a long time. The purpose of this article is to investigate and identify the impact of the COVID 19 virus on tourism industry, which has been done using a descriptive method and data collection. In this review, the issue has been explored within the framework of the Sendai Treaty. In this treaty, health is a key element of the Sendai framework for reducing the risk of crisis in the 2030-2015 perspective. This study shows that the humanitarian crisis of COVID 19 is the most serious and devastating global challenge after World War II. Prevention and treatment of this virus have not yet been developed. It is therefore very important that we continue to share, learn, and innovate so that we can improve monitoring, prevention, and treatment. The importance of responsible behavior and international cooperation to reduce the effects of the virus is a new approach in global decisionmaking. The tourism industry cannot achieve much success without this vision. On the other hand, gaining customer trust in tourism companies requires new skills and learning methods in the field of hospitality and responsibility at different levels as an international protocol.

 Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease in which the B-cells of the pancreas are damaged, leading to insulin deficiency and finally hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol consumption on cellular metabolic pathways in type 1 diabetic patients using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 

 Thirteen individuals with type 1 diabetes participated in this clinical trial designed as before and after exploratory investigation. All the participants received 500mg capsules of resveratrol twice daily for 60 days. Blood collection was done before resveratrol supplementation, after 30 days, and at the end of 60 days. The data were obtained at three different timings, compared with applying the HNMR spectroscopy. Spectra were processed, and PLS-DA analysis methods were applied to data. Outliers were taken, and the HMDB metabolites databank specified the metabolites and its pathways. 

The main variations identified in this investigation were as follows: short and long-chain fatty acid metabolism, the metabolic pathway of triacylglycerol, 1-propanol, and ethanoic acid, leading to an increase in butyraldehyde and 1-butanol metabolites.

 The results of this research showed a reduction in palmitic acid biosynthesis. This finding suggests that resveratrol may cause significant changes in adipocyte metabolism by inducing adipogenesis and apoptosis in the adipocyte. It may also play a role in improving the production of insulin, leading to low blood glucose levels.

One of the new tourism capacities of Iran in recent years is medical tourism, which has grown significantly. Tehran is one of the most important cities in the Middle East in the field of medical tourism. This study intends to analyse medical tourism capacity development in Tehran hospitals from international tourists’ perspective to identify the most efficient factors in medical tourism capacity development in Tehran hospitals. The research type is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The research sample is the international medical tourists entering five major Tehran hospitals having the International Patient Department license (IPD), in which 154 samples were selected randomly from a total sample society of 258 using Cochran formula. The results show that the priority areas of medical tourism capacity development in Tehran are low medical costs, optimal quality of services, easy access to medical services and physicians’ knowledge, respectively. In general, regarding the studied variables, it can be concluded that there is a good opportunity for medical tourism capacity development in Tehran from the international tourists’ viewpoint.

In today’s world, the growing trend of urban population and urbanization process on the one hand, and the need to maintain land located in the suburbs and valuable  natural area and the need to save the land on the other hand, has put high-rise construction and dense urban development on the agenda of the urban management. The provision of housing and the issue of population housing have always been the most significant factor in the nature and objective of such planning, and may have marginalized considerations and observance of various physical, social, cultural and environmental criteria. Because of factors such as the reconstruction of the ruins of the eight-year war, the process of migration from rural areas and other cities of West Azerbaijan province to this city, at a time, the city of Urmia first began to develop horizontally through numerous changes in urban uses, after that time, due to huge costs, the existence of natural barriers from a geographical point of view, the inability of the local executive body in providing infrastructure networks, the tendency to develop high-rise buildings within the urban management setting and consequently among the private sector becamemore powerful. The process of dense construction of Urmia began more or less in the late 1990s, and since then, the city of Urmia has been the bedrock for the construction of high-rise residential buildings in high and relatively high areas; and during this period, natural resources and barren lands underwent land use changes and dense development; consequently, the development of high buildings, apart from social and cultural inadequacies, has imposed congestion and traffic problems in the alleys, as well as the inconsistency, heterogeneity and ugliness on the city.

This research is of cognitive type in terms of purpose, and is of evaluation type  in terms of method; it is of cross-sectional in terms of time; and, is quantitative in terms of data type. Primary data were analyzed in SPSS software, specifically through using one-sample t-test and Friedman test. The statistical population of the study includes citizens living in district 1 of Urmia Municipality, and based on Cochran's formula, the sample size has been calculated and determined to be 384 people. In order to collect data, a questionnaire was prepared based on simple random sampling method in the number of the sample size, and it was distributed in the study area. And its face and content validity has been estimated based on the purpose of the research through consulting with professors and experts, and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha test to measure the internal consistency of items, and was found to be 0.81.

Nowadays, the need for a high-rise construction strategy is more apparent due to the increasing population growth and land constraints. High-rise buildings, as the result of technological advancement, can increase pollution due to the negative environmental consequences associated with high population and building densities, if not properly controlled and supervised. In this study, according to one -sample t-test, all four dimensions include a moderate to high status (social: 30.4; economic: 28.7; environmental: 26.8; and physical: 45.6). According to Friedman test, the reason for the moderate to high social status is the proportionality of the security situation and the low rate of conflict, but the sense of belonging and life suitability in the units is not very satisfactory. The above-average economic status is due to the profitability in construction and the existence of seasonal jobs, which is associated with a service-oriented economy in strict 1 of the city of Urmia. Regarding the environmental dimension, the relatively good health status has taken an average to high score, and at the same time the quality of waste collection in strict 1 of Urmia is appropriate. But noise pollution is on the rise in the strict. In terms of the physical dimension, the proper quality of the water, gas and telephone network has given it a moderate to high status. But the physical dimension of district 1 has been problematic for high-rise buildings in cases such as neighborhood , emergency stairs, building strength, impact on street congestion due to shortage of parking areas.

According to the criteria studied and what is highlighted in the principles of high-rise construction, more density of the city leads to the lower transportation, while the case study in this research is one of the busiest parts of the city in terms of traffic, daily and night movement of personal vehicles. Despite the possibility of better and more use of urban lands, district 1, which has a higher slope and is at higher altitude comparing to the other areas of the city, does not have much power and possibility to get natural light, and has increased shading. It has inevitably failed to achieve urban sustainability. It can be acknowledged that despite the expansion of high-rise buildings and the vertical growth and density of the city, the location allocation of these units has not been done properly; and in the field of construction, the obvious principles such as height proportion, facade proportion, neighborhood, distribution of facilities and services, etc. have not been observed, and this issue has distorted the urban landscape. In addition, the lack of infrastructure such as multi-storey parking areas and the lack of parking in the buildings have contributed to the congestion of the streets. And all of theses issues are due to not following a distinct and standard pattern, and the process of transformation of the district has been mostly subjective in terms of high-rise construction.

Leisure is an integral part of everyday life in todaychr('39')s world. Today, leisure is a new social arena in which various factors influence. Understanding these factors and examining their role and their impact on active (external) and inactive (external) leisure has been a major part of proper city management since this day. Therefore, in this study, using exploratory method, we sought to identify the factors affecting leisure time in district 22 of Tehran. This is a cross-sectional, applied research. The method of data collection is survey and its tool is a questionnaire. This study, using inferential statistical methods and SPSS software and statistical analysis such as correlation, regression and t-test, attempted to analyze the relationship between independent research variables (functional, security, aesthetic, transportation, economic, biological). Environment and infrastructure facilities) and the dependent variable (active and inactive leisure time), to identify the maximum impact and the least impact of the variables. The results showed that the effect and correlation of factors on leisure time (active and inactive) were different. In other words, indoor or passive leisure time is less affected by the external environment and context. But on the other hand, leisure time active or foreign in the 22nd district of Tehran is strongly influenced by background conditions and the external environment. Aesthetic variables and infrastructure facilities have the highest relationship with active leisure time and economic, performance and economic components have the least impact. In the passive leisure time, most of the impact factor is related to infrastructure and least to economic component.