ali sayehmiri

 Considering the need to save energy consumption in less developed countries, it seems necessary to identify the effective factors of energy growth in the economy of OPEC countries. Energy intensity represents the energy required to produce a unit of product at the national level. Energy intensity at the level of an industry or a specific production process is calculated in terms of physical units. The physical value of energy intensity is the result of dividing the amount of energy consumed by the product produced. Energy intensity of GDP is a measure for measuring and evaluating energy efficiency in the economy, which is measured by the ratio of units of energy consumed to one unit of GDP. Considering the role and importance of energy intensity, in this article, the effect of variables of energy price (oil), GDP, producer price index and technology was investigated using panel data method during 1995-2018 for OPEC member countries. The results indicate a negative and significant effect of the energy price variable with a value of -0.03, foreign direct investment (-0.004) and capital to labor force with a value of -0.13, as well as a positive effect of the producer price index (0.044) on energy intensity, which the variable effect is according to is expected.

Today, the digital economy can be called the main source of growth in any economy, and countries are increasingly looking for solutions to development of the digital economy and the factors affecting it. Also, the process of changes in the structure of the energy system, fluctuations in energy consumption and price and possibility of replacing fuels with each other, saving energy in energy consumption, and also reducing energy intensity have special importance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of digitalization and energy intensity on economic growth in selected MENA countries. For this purpose, indicators of different sectors of the economy and panel data methods including fixed, random and FGLS techniques are used. The study period is 2000-2021. The results of the study showed that in general, the improvement in digitalization, urban population, the added value of the industry sector and the trade openness has a positive effect in economic growth in selected MENA countries, and energy intensity and its simultaneous effect with the digitization index, have a nagative effect in economic growth in selected MENA countries

Inequality of income and consumption of renewable and non-renewable energies is one of the important issues of many countries and has many economic, social and environmental dimensions. Also, income inequality is one of the most important obstacles to the development of different societies. In this research, using data from 1389 to 1398 and the method of generalized moments (GMM), in addition to income inequality, the effect of economic growth and urbanization on electricity consumption in the provinces of Iran has been investigated. The results show that a 1% increase in the Gini coefficient reduces electricity consumption by more than 5%. Also, a 1% increase in GDP increases electricity consumption by more than 1.5%. This is despite the fact that the square of gross domestic product has a negative and significant effect on electricity consumption, and an increase of one percent causes a decrease in electricity consumption by more than 0.03 percent.   Therefore, the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between gross domestic product and electricity consumption in Iran's provinces is confirmed. Finally, the results show a positive and significant effect of urbanization on electricity consumption, so that with a 1% increase, electricity consumption increases by more than 0.2%.

Developing national policies and monitoring water management regulations must be socially desirable, environmentally sustainable, and economically appropriate for both government and industry. In the present study, for the first time, using data from the period 2002 to 2015 and the Generalized Fluid (GMM) method, in addition to examining the Kuznets hypothesis by considering water consumption in the provinces of Iran, the effect of value-added variables of industry and trade (As economic factors), urbanization, government size (as social factors), annual rainfall and temperature (as ecological factors) on industrial water consumption are discussed. The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between the amount of trade, value added of the industrial sector and its square with the water consumption of the industrial sector and the Kuznets hypothesis in the industrial sector is not confirmed. The results also show a significant inverse effect of government size and temperature and a positive and significant effect of urbanization and rainfall on water consumption in industry. Therefore, it is necessary for the industries of each province to be equipped with water quota management technologies in accordance with their local natural, social and economic conditions and water conservation should be encouraged.

Water plays an important role in the level and growth of economic activities, ‎social welfare, and environmental sustainability. The main purpose of this article ‎is to study the non-linear effects of per capita income on water withdrawal in the ‎domestic sector (drinking and urban) of the world. For this purpose, “The ‎Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis based on the natural resources” ‎has been tested using cross-sectional data, Ordinary Regression, and Smooth ‎Transition Regression (STR) from 163 countries. The result is to accept the ‎hypothesis in Water Economics. Furthermore, the "transition point" of the ‎relationship between income and water consumption in the gross domestic product ‎‎(GDP) is $ 41,982. The effect of national income on water consumption in the ‎domestic sector is non-linear, which can be caused by the scale, technology, or ‎composition effects. As a result, stricter environmental regulations can reduce ‎per capita water withdrawals and the rate of aquifer erosions. Indeed, increasing ‎per capita income and changing societal structures will reduce per capita water ‎use.‎

In order to promote the economic activities of a country, it needs a productive and healthy financial structure and financial development as the backbone of the country's economic development. The debate over the impact of natural resources and their impact on financial development has been an important area of ​​research over the past few decades. The present study examines the asymmetric relationship between financial development and natural resources by combining the variables of real GDP, capital, education, globalization and natural resources using annual data from 1979 to 2018.  In addition to the standard unit root test, this study uses a single root test with several structural failures. The Maki co-integration method is also used to determine the long-run relationship of up to 5 structural breaks. In addition, self-explanatory co-integration with wide nonlinear intervals is applied to determine the long-term asymmetric relationship between variables. Long-term results show the confirmation of the positive effect of natural resources with coefficients of 0.175 and 0.611 on financial development in long-term positive and negative shocks. In addition, education with a coefficient of 6.983 has a positive and significant effect on financial development in the long run, while GDP has a significant negative impact on financial development in the long run. Also, the existence of an asymmetric long-term and short-term relationship between natural resources and financial development has been confirmed. This shows that significant investment in the banking sector for Iran can affect the natural resources sector.

In recent decades, the relationship between economic growth and government spending has attracted the attention of many researchers to the point that it has led to many experimental studies in this field in developed and developing countries. The rising trend of government expenditure with high volatility in economic growth during the years after Islamic Revolution in Iran has created significant conditions that add to the need for a detailed study of this issue. This research is an attempt to study relation between the economic growth and government expenditure in Iran. In this regard, the empirical investigation of long-term and short-run relationships between the variables studied during the period 1969-2018 and using the nonlinear ARDL model in Iranian economy has been studied. The findings of this study showed that asymmetry was considered when examining the relationship between economic growth and government expenditures, so that the effect of negative and negative shocks of economic growth on government expenditures in the short and long run is asymmetrical. Results of the Granger's causality test showed that there is a one-way relationship from the side of economic growth to government expenditures, while this relationship is not in reversed. In other words, the results of this test confirm the Wagnerian approach and indicate that Keynesian law is not approved for the Iranian economy.

The ecological footprint is a resource accounting tool that helps countries to assess their environmental resources. In recent years, human demand for nature has exceeded the capacity of the planet, and most countries are facing ecological deficit problems. Due to the importance of the issue, in this article, the impact of natural resources, foreign direct investment, and human capital on the ecological footprint of Iran from the years 1980 to 2019 was investigated using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model and the Granger causality test. The results indicate that natural resources and foreign direct investment, in the short term (with a lag) and long term, have a positive and significant impact on the ecological footprint while human capital has no significant effect on the ecological footprint. The error correction model in this study was set at -0.94, indicating if it moves from one period to another, 0.94% of the dependent variable’s deviation (ecological footprint) is corrected from the long-term path of the independent variables. Granger causality results also indicate that ecological footprint has a two-way causality relationship with natural resources while showing neither a causal relationship with foreign direct investment nor with human capital.

Injecting rental sector revenues such as oil revenues in addition to the effects on the economic organ can also affect the political sectors. A significant part of political-economic studies in such countries has been related to the economic and political effects of the rent sector. In this paper, the authors proposed a theoretical model to describe the search for the causes of business cycles in a rentier economy. They believe that the economic structure and oil budget are in the form of political-business cycles of the opportunistic model, which in countries with rent-seeking economies, is a structural and permanent part of their economy and plays an important role in economic-political structure and decision-making. The results showed that, political instability due to the gap between the nation-state relationship, which is resultant of t dependency of the government budget on the revenues of the dominant (oil) sector in rented countries, and among other factors can lead to economic fluctuations and busines cycles. This instability, along with the traditional and supply-side approaches, can play an important role in explaining the causes of business cycles. Fluctuations in the rent sector can also lead to a new type of political- business cycle that is rooted in the structure of the state's oil budget and rent. In other words, the existing political-business cycles are due to the event and time of the election, while the new political- business cycles are a permanent phenomenon as long as the state budget depends on the revenues of the rent sector in the economy.

Modeling of energy demand in different consumer sectors is an important step for better management and appropriate policy to increase productivity in the energy sector. The residential sector is one of the most important components of energy consumption in Iran and the Ilam province. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy demand function in the household sector of Ilam province. The research method was performed using an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and Regression of Seemingly Unrelated Equations for the period of 1988 to 2018. The results of the evaluation of the model as constrained and non-constrained models show that the self-price elasticity in these two cases is not significantly different from each other and all price elasticities agree with the theoretical foundations. Since the existence of homogeneity constraint in this model has been confirmed. The results of income elasticity show that this group is an essential commodity for households in Ilam province. The price elasticity of energy demand includes gas and electricity in the non-constrained model of -2.02 and in the constrained model of -0.04, which indicates the attractiveness of this group of goods in the consumption basket of households of Ilam. Also, the results of income elasticity of the unrestricted model show that the energy commodity group (including electricity and natural gas), another commodity group, clothing, and housing are among the luxury goods, and the health and food commodity group are among the essential goods. They are going. Also, based on income elasticities, the model of the constrained commodity group of energy (electricity and natural gas) is considered a semi-essential commodity. Housing and other commodity groups are also considered as luxury goods, as well as food and clothing commodity groups are considered as semi-essential goods groups and health goods groups are considered as essential commodity groups.

In recent years, economic complexity has played an important role in explaining and revealing the latent facts of the difference in economic growth among the poor and rich countries. In this study, first the effect of economic complexity on environmental performance is investigated in 18 countries of Middle East and North Africa(MENA) using two-stage least squares regression(2SLS) method during 2002-2018. Then, the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is examined in these countries. The results show an inverse and significant relationship between economic complexity index and environmental performance index, so that by increasing one unit of economic complexity index, environmental performance index decreases by more than 7 units. In addition, the results show that there is a positive relationship between per capita income and environmental performance index, while per capita income square has an inverse relationship with environmental performance index, so Kuznets hypothesis about these countries is not confirmed. Finally, the results indicate a positive relationship between population, urbanization, corruption control, agriculture and trade with environmental performance, while industrialization and education have a negative relationship with environmental performance in the MENA countries.

Natural gas has a special place in relation to other energy carriers due to its environmental advantages in energy consumption policies. Also, among the various energy consuming sectors in the country, the share of the domestic sector in natural gas consumption is higher than that of other sectors. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of natural gas demand using an almost ideal demand system. For this purpose, the data of Khuzestan province during the period of 1988-2018 were used and the equations were estimated with the help of seemingly unrelated regression methods. The Calculation of intrinsic price elasticities using constrained and non-constrained models showed that all these elasticities were negative. So that in the constrained and non -constrained model, the intrinsic price elasticity of natural gas is 0.92 and 0.9. Also, the study of natural gas income elasticity in the non -constrained and constrained models is positive and 0.9608 and 0.9613, respectively, and indicates that natural gas is an essential commodity in the basket of Khuzestan households.

Examining different perspectives on the impact of inflation on economic growth shows a lack of consensus on this issue. Understanding the exact relationship between inflation and economic growth requires experimental studies with a new method. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to end this disagreement with the help of meta-analysis  

The meta-analysis method was used to investigate this issue for the first time. Meta-analysis is the use of specific statistical methods to summarize the results of independent studies to find the most accurate form of relationship between the variables under study. These statistical methods help to summarize different studies and summarize them objectively so that personal opinions do not have a significant impact on this process. In this meta-analysis, 29 studies that had the necessary conditions to perform meta-analysis were identified and their results were analyzed. The terms and criteria of the meta-analysis of this research are: research has been done for developing and less developed countries and Practical extraction have the effect size.  

During the research process on the effect of inflation on economic growth, among articles, dissertations, reports, etc., according to the set criteria, a total of 5 dissertations and 24 articles with matching topics or relatively high topic similarity and suitable for meta-analysis were selected. According to the funnel diagram, the effect size of the studies does not have a diffusion bias. Due to the dual-tidy arrangement method, the present study did not need another study to be completed. Therefore, the present model does not suffer from diffusion bias and does not need other studies to eliminate bias and create symmetry on both sides of the average effect size in the fan chart. the effect size of each study is measured according to the value of the correlation coefficient of the studies. In all studies except studies (4, 8, 15, 17) in the chart that have the size of non-significant effects, the rest of the studies have significant effect size. Also, to evaluate the significance of the overall effect size of the studies, two methods of fixed and random effect size have been used  

Also, the results of research on the effect of inflation on economic growth and the identification of those variables, hypotheses and models used in inflation and growth studies showed that the effect of independent variables such as: inflation (31.18%), investment (17.20%) and government spending (9.67%) had the greatest impact on growth. In the study of the studied hypotheses, it was found that among the 52 hypotheses examined, the hypothesis of the effect of inflation on economic growth (55.76%) had the highest repetition among the selected studies, followed by the hypotheses of the effect of government spending and inflation on economic growth (54.57). 11%) and the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty on economic growth (9.61%) had the highest percentage among the studies.

Intorduction:

 Population and its characteristics play an important role in planning and policy-making and setting economic and social goals. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of population growth on economic growth by meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to quantitatively combine the results of research conducted on the impact of population growth on economic growth, using meta-analysis method and comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA2, STATA15) and searching in different databases among 143 articles, 48 ​​dissertations, and 32 selected articles. Finally, 18 studies were selected and reviewed based on six meta-analysis criteria.

Population growth has a negative effect on economic growth with an effect size of -0.38. Also, the age structure of the population with the effect size equal to 0.91 positive effect, the type of model used with the effect size of 2.27 in the self-explanatory vector pattern and 3.16 in the data panel pattern, the data type with the effect size (2.18, 3.13, and 0.40 respectively) in data (cross-sectional series, integrated data, and time series data) and skill combination with an effect size of 0.63 had a positive effect on economic growth.

According to the funnel diagram, the effect size of the studies did not have a diffusion bias. The magnitude of the effect on males is greater than females. Therefore, it can be said that men have a greater impact on economic growth. The effect of increasing education and skills were found to be significant.

Investigating the economic value of tourism areas is one of the topics of interest in studies of tourism economics. Investigating the economic value of recreational areas in terms of cost-benefit policy-making and tourism analysis is essential. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic value of Falak al-Aflak castle of Khorram Abad by regional travel cost method. The research method is applied. The statistical population of the study included visitors to Falak al-Aflak castle. The sampling method is simple. In order to determine the size of the sample, since the size of the population is unknown, Cochranchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s formula was used to obtain the sample size of 306 persons that the required data collected through filling out the questionnaires in Nov 2019 by visiting travelers to the Castle. After extracting data from questionnaires completed by the sample members and estimating the research patterns, the research hypotheses were tested. Different software such as Eviews and Spss have been used in this research. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the supervisor and its reliability was assessed by Cronbachchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s alpha method. The results of this study showed that entrance cost, income and distance were the main factors affecting tourism demand in Falak al-Aflak castle.

The influence of financial development on economic growth is considered as one of the most important and controversial debates in the field of financial development, as well as economic growth, from a theoretical and experimental perspective. This study tries to answer the major question of whether financial development influences economic growth, and if so, what are the influencing variables. To do so, using keywords such as financial development and economic development, we reviewed 1062 studies among Persian and Latin papers available in domestic databases, as well as those in journal articles, conferences, and dissertations. Given that financial development as the independent variable and economic development as the dependent variable should exist in all reviewed studies, 13 studies were selected according to the six-phase meta-analysis methodology, thereby 34 regression models were provided. Next, employing a Dual and Tweedy method and using the funnel chart, we evaluated the study bias. Then, employing SPSS ® and CAM2 ®, we tested the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The findings showed that the magnitude of the influences of financial development on economic growth was equal to 30%. Moreover, following the financial development, the openness degree of trade space, the investments, as well as the government expenditures are variables having the most significant influences on economic growth. Therefore, addressing the financial sector parameters, their development, as well as conditions that can lead to financial development can be considered as one of the strategies regarding economic development.

Justice is one of the most striking factors in creating social solidarity, so that social solidarity continues in the shadow of justice. Obviously, in a society where justice is in place, social relations between the people and the rulers are strong and more visible. Throughout the history of Islam, justice in the true sense of the word has emerged during the reign of Imam Ali (be peace upon him), and the famous story of Aqeel, the brother of the Imam and the molten iron, confirms this fact. In this study, the necessary information has been collected using the library method. The results showed that the relationship between justice and social solidarity from the point of view of the pious Mawlawi Ali (be peace upon him) introduces a complete form of justice and social solidarity and show a direct and significant link between justice and social solidarity to achieve development in the Islam world.

Environmental degradation is undesired result of human actions and economic activities in the world today. It is one of the most important global issues that human societies, whether developed or developing countries are confronted with it. Therefore, countries need to focus on urban development in order to achieve continuous growth with environmental protection. In this study, the impact of urbanization on environmental pollution was investigated for 19 countries from 19 developed and developing countries including Iran, in 2006-2015.The data were extracted from the World Bank. For this purpose, by using the panel data method in Eviews software version 10, the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions as an environmental degradation index with urban growth, GDP per capita and energy consumption were tested. The results of the research indicate that, the sign of the coefficients is in accordance with the expected theoretical bases and are statistically significant. As a result, it is suggested that environmental projects should be taken into consideration by policymakers in order to reduce environmental waste in the urbanization process, and adopt policies to respond to urban demand, which in turn It will cause energy to be consumed correctly

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) affects various aspects of human life, including economic growth as the most important macroeconomic variable and other aspects of human life, this study uses the meta-analysis and considers different features and patterns of economic growth studies. (ICT) as well as the specialized metrics. The data was analyzed using a six-step meta-analysis method. The initial 54 articles in the internal databases was finally limited to 17 studies after the determined exclusion criteria. Then the data was converted to common matrix and entered into STATA software and comprehensive meta-analysis software (CAM2). Then their effect size was calculated. The results showed that the effect of ICT on economic growth was significant, positive and high. It was also stronger in developed countries than in developing countries. There were also other moderating variables such as labor force, foreign investment and gross domestic capital. Therefore, ICT economic policies can be considered as a multidimensional issue and its successful implementation requires more attention.

The purpose of present research is to study the effects of dust storm on tax capacity in Ilam province that has been conducted by the updated table of the Majlis Research center in 2006 and the updating of its data for 2014. To do this, the input – output table was reduced to 20 sections and national table was converted to regional table by AFLQ model. Regional input- output table of Ilam province was used to investigate the manner of spatial effect of dust storm in the studied region. Days associated with the dust phenomenon were identified as sample (control) days during the existing statistical period for six selected station based on the number of days that province has faced dust storm and with the closure of various economic and social sectors has led to a decrease in the production level of the province. The extent of its negative effect on province’s income was calculated. Finally, the extent of effect of dust on the decrease of tax capacity in Ilam province was estimated by direct and indirect coefficients of input- output table and calculation of income decrease.

The Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC) hypothesis shows that there is an inverse relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. This study examines the impact of economic growth on environmental quality using meta-analysis in Iran and a number of selected countries. We have chosen and examined 13 research works with 84 regression models. The related data are analyzed using STATA and CMA softwares. The results show that the effect of economic growth on environmental quality is approximately 0.22, hence confirming the EKC hypothesis. In other words, by achieving higher levels of economic growth the quality of the environment would improve. The effect size of energy consumption and urbanization is 1.4 and 0.34, respectively. This result, according to Kuhn's interpretation, indicates the effect size at the upper and lower levels, respectively. Population, literacy rate, degree of trade openness and fixed foreign investment are also other variables affecting the quality of the environment.

One of the most effective tools for water demand management is the recognition of price and income elasticity for water demand. In this study, using systematic review and meta-analysis, the factors affecting the price and income elasticity of household water demand in Iran have been investigated. Accordingly, first, using Rosenthal and Robin's approach in systematic review, the effects of price and income elasticities of household water demand have been calculated. Then, based on the heterogeneity between the calculated effects of the effects size, random and fixed effects models are used to combine the results. Finally, according to the results, the variables related to the water demand profile, the survey data, the water price, the water pricing structure, the model, the estimation method, the study area and other characteristics of the study, the estimated values of Prices and income elasticity for household water demand have been effective, so water demand management policies should be based on these characteristics.

Increasing demand for water resources due to population growth and economic development on one hand, and water loss and rainfall reduction, on the other hand, have required attention to the demand for water at macro level and policy making. With regard to the new approach of countries in virtual water trade and according to the Heckcher-Oholian theory (H-O), the study of virtual water trade will provide valuable points for planners and policymakers in the water and agriculture sector. In this study, the factors affecting virtual water trade (VWT) using the gravity model (GM) based on the H-O theory was studied. to this end, using the World Bank and FAO international databases, wheat crop statistics were collected in selected countries over a period of 4 years’ period of 5 years from 1994 to 2013. During the study period, the total volume of imported and exported wheat was 44.1 and 235.7 billion cubic meters, respectively. The highest effect on GM is on wheat cultivar with a coefficient of -2.54. Considering the ineffectiveness of water prices on virtual water trade, it is possible to pay a special attention to the rationale of water pricing in order to differentiate water tariffs.

In this study, the recreational value of Mellat Ilam Park(MIP) and the WTP rate of visitors to this park were determined using a conditional valuation method (CVM) and a double selection questionnaire. Sampling was done randomly from the visitors of (MIP) during the spring of 1397. In order to determine the sample size of the pre-test, the design was completed by the visitors and then, using the Cochran formula, 245 questionnaires were determined. To measure the willingness to pay visitors, the logit model was used and the parameters of this model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. The results show that 86.9% of the people surveyed are willing to pay an amount for recreational use from the(MIP). The average willingness to pay visitors for the recreational value of this park is 8925 Rials per visit. The average willingness to pay each household with five people were, equivalent to 45,000 rials. The results show that the variables of: proposed income entrance, monthly income of people, the number of visits to the park per year, the number of hours per visit, the level of satisfaction with the environment and facilities of the (MIP), the security of the park are significant and the likelihood of a willingness to pay for recreational use (MIP)are effective. Age, gender, marital status, education level, number of households, household head, health, access to drinking water, satisfaction rate of children's play equipment is not meaningful, but despite the meaning of the signs Expected.

Higher quality of life is the main desire of modern society. Therefore, paying attention to quality of life (QOF) and influential elements especially economic variables has turned into a necessity. This study was aimed at determining the relationship between QOF and economic variables, which was performed in the counties of Ilam province in Iran in 2013.

In this cross-sectional research, 918 households were selected among ten counties of Ilam province by using multiple stages clustering sampling. Data were collected through macroeconomics questionnaires and 36-SF QOF questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 through t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), and multiple regressions.

The mean ± SD of QOF was 61.74 ± 12.31. The correlations between monthly income and physical function scopes were (r=0.11, P<0.05), mental health (r=0.16, P<0.01), exhilaration (r=0.17, P<0.01), social function (r=0.16, P<0.01), physical pain (r=0.14, P<0.01), public health (r=0.12, P<0.05), and the total score of the QOF was (r=0.13, P<0.01). Based on the outcome of multiple regressions, the mean of QOF increased 2.45 units per mean which indicated increased unit of satisfaction regarding their living.

The biggest barriers to safety and security among society’s individual life include social deprivation and poverty. Therefore, the general improvement in QOF can be influenced by increasing social cooperation, improving health care services, and providing consulting services about obtained policies by health care.