zahra heydari

In peace-oriented discourses, social tolerance and its role in human development are of significant importance. Tolerance and the acceptance of differences are key indicators of social well-being and enhance individuals' performance in social interactions. The extent and level of social tolerance reflect how members of a society perceive the "other." Therefore, identifying the factors that influence social tolerance can be a step toward recognizing and overcoming barriers to tolerance and promoting human development. This study, based on an interpretive paradigm, inductive approach, meta-study method, and meta-synthesis strategy, examines previous research on factors influencing social tolerance. Meta-synthesis is a rigorous method that allows researchers to systematically utilize findings from related studies on the research topic. By offering a systematic perspective, meta-synthesis enables the discovery of new and essential themes and metaphors through the integration of various studies. This research is applied in nature and uses a documentary-meta-synthesis approach for data collection. The statistical population includes previous articles on "social tolerance" indexed in the "Magiran" database, conducted between 2011 and 2021. The most relevant studies were purposefully selected, and after careful review, 19 studies were chosen. The data were analyzed qualitatively, and the findings categorize the factors affecting different dimensions of tolerance—including identity tolerance, political tolerance, and behavioral tolerance—into six broad categories: human capital, economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital, and demographic variables. The dimensions of each of these concepts have been extracted and categorized.

A large amount of waste from sugar factories is accumulated as waste. The purpose of this research is to recycle the waste of these factories, called carbonate cake (calcium carbonate mud, lime carbonate and lime sludge), which production is a serious problem for these factories and the environment, as a substitute for part of cement used in concrete. Due to the heterogeneous size of particles and for the greater similarity of the size of its grains with cement particles, carbonated cake with three methods dissolved in water of mixing plan, sieved and ground, was used in different designs. Laboratory concrete samples were made with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 and with different percentages of replacing carbonate cake instead of cement equal to 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40, and finally, the compressive strength of 28- and 56-day samples and the tensile strength of 28-day samples was measured. It is possible to replace it up to at least 20% by weight of cement, without significantly reducing the compressive and tensile strengths in concrete; Quantitatively, the results indicate that the compressive strength of 28- and 56-day samples and tensile strength of 28-day samples with 20% waste powder instead of cement have decreased by 6.5, 10, and 5.4%, respectively, compared to the control samples without powder. It is worth noting that carbonate cake recycling causes reduction in industrial waste, waste transportation cost, waste disposal cost and removing inappropriate smell and organic materials. The use of this green concrete in construction industry is recommended.

The use of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, changed the definition of a university in the 21st century towards a smart university. In the smart university, spaces are transformed into a safe, controlled and intelligent environment for learners using the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Considering the importance of making the university smart in line with other countries, the current research seeks to provide a model of a smart university based on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. The research method was qualitative and by using semi-structured interviews with experts, necessary information was collected and with the aim of extracting the elements and components of the model, this information was coded based on thematic analysis method. The statistical population of the research included 23 academic experts from the fields of educational technology, higher education management, information and communication technology, and artificial intelligence. Sampling was done in a targeted and snowball way. Delphi technique was used to validate the theme network. The research findings showed that the smart university model based on Internet of Things and artificial intelligence has 15 components and 70 sub-components.

During the years 1332 to 1357, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi used the method of maintaining political stability through force and repression. Like his father, his regime eventually relied on oil revenues and the military; it was even more heavily dependent on the United States. The main purpose of this article is to study the power of repression and violence in the Pahlavi regime. The data collection method is a qualitative analysis of the type of documentary analysis and the tools of text and fish collection that have been performed using Visio software software. In this article, the violence of the Pahlavi regime is examined in three political, cultural, and social dimensions, and the tools of violence are examined in two categories: intelligence, security, and military. He himself resorted to repression and violence; he used all aspects of political, cultural, and social violence through the military and SAVAK and the Joint Anti-Sabotage Committee to carry out these programs for his own benefit; The second was the victory of the Islamic Revolution

Congenital toxoplasmosis during early pregnancy may lead to fetal death or cause irreversible complications in the fetus. In the present research, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies was determined in pregnant women with a history of spontaneous abortion in comparison with women of normal pregnancy course referring to Bushehr medical centers.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 blood samples were collected from pregnant women with a history of spontaneous abortion and normal pregnancy course referred to Bushehr medical centers from May 2020 to May 2021. Sera were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using the ELISA method. The test results along with the questionnaire information were analyzed using SPSS-16 software and Chi-square test.

A total of 18.7% were seropositive and 81.3% were seronegative for anti-Toxoplasma IgG/IgM antibodies. The comparison of the two groups of women showed that there was a significant relationship between the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody and spontaneous abortion and also education level, place of residence and method of washing vegetables; however, there was no statistically significant relationship between infection and some of the analyzed variables, such as history of contact with cats, number of pregnancies, deliveries and abortions, and some nutritional behaviors.

Chronic form of toxoplasmosis can be considered a factor for recurrent miscarriage in pregnant women. Due to the emphasis of some researchers on the non-significance of this relationship, the subject is debatable and needs further studies.

Eryngium billardieri has been demonstrated in previous studies to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. Colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease with unknown causes, often leads to numerous side effects associated with current medications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-ulcerative potential of E. billardieri extracts in experimental colitis.

The hydroalcoholic extract of E. billardieri and its aqueous and ethyl acetate partitions were prepared using the maceration method, and the polyphenol content was determined for each extract. Male Wistar rats with acetic acid-induced colitis were orally administered three different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) of the extract and each partition for 5 consecutive days. On the sixth day, the rats’ colons were removed and analyzed for macroscopic parameters (ulcer index), microscopic parameters (total colitis index), as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, including myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, respectively.

The total phenol content for the dry extract and aqueous and ethyl acetate partitions were 6.51, 4.15, and 8.59 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate partition at all three examined doses were able to significantly alleviate most parameters related to colitis. However, the aqueous partition did not improve most of the colitis features except for the tissue level of malondialdehyde.

The study concludes that the total extract of E. billardieri, as well as the ethyl acetate partition, exhibited anti-colitis properties in a dose-related manner. It is suggested that the effective substances responsible for these properties are non-polar compounds that are not extracted by aqueous partitioning. Further studies are needed to identify and characterize these effective compounds.

Job burnout is more frequent in stressful and high-risk jobs. Healthcare workers, especially Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) workers and therapists, are more exposed to job burnout. This study aimed to compare the burnout rate among the staff and therapists working in behavioral disease counseling centers and health centers in 9 provinces of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 provinces of Iran from January 2020 to March 2020. For this research, 94 VCT workers as the experimental group, and 103 public clinic workers participated as the available sampling group. To collect the data, the Meslesh questionnaire was used and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) and inferential methods were applied for statistical analysis (t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test, chi - square test and Spearman correlation test). (P< 0.05)

Our finding showed that 33% of health center workers and 32% of VCT workers had burnout, but the difference was not statistically significant. Most Health Center (HC) workers who showed burnout were working in the southern province of Iran (Bushehr and Bandar Abbas), and the most VCT workers who showed burnout were working in the western province of Iran (Kermanshah and Kurdistan).

Although the rate of burnout in the staff of these two centers is very similar, it can be concluded that due to the small number of people referred to AIDS centers compared to the large number of patients in health centers, working with people with HIV/AIDS is so difficult.

Kidney-liver crosstalk plays a crucial role in normal and certain pathological conditions. In pathologic states, both renal-induced liver damage and liver-induced kidney diseases may happen through these kidney-liver interactions. This bidirectional crosstalk takes place through the systemic conditions that mutually influence both the liver and kidneys. Ischemia and reperfusion, cytokine release and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, metabolic acidosis, oxidative stress, and altered enzyme activity and metabolic pathways establish the base of this interaction between the kidneys and liver. In these concomitant kidney-liver diseases, the survival rates strongly correlate with early intervention and treatment of organ dysfunction. Proper care of a nephrologist and hepatologist and the identification of pathological conditions using biomarkers at early stages are necessary to prevent the complications induced by this complex and potentially vicious cycle. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of this crosstalk is essential for better management. In this review, we discussed the available literature concerning the detrimental effects of kidney failure on liver functions and liver-induced kidney diseases.

The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the managerial role of Ms. Marzieh Hadidchi "Dabagh" in the field of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom before and after the Islamic Revolution, with a case study of her spiritual management. In this research, qualitative method and documentary analysis have been used to achieve the goal. The research tools include books, historical works and texts, documents, interviews, and digital sources. The research results show that Ms. Dabagh, both before and after the victory of the revolution, following the example of the prominent women of Islam, especially Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Zainab (SA), had an active managerial role in various fields, especially in the spiritual domain. However, the most important direct activities in the spiritual aspect of the culture before the revolution included: holding Quran and interpretation classes, various connections with academic centers, efforts for the promotion and honoring of martyrs, promotion of Hajj rituals, and after the Islamic Revolution included: emotional and moral guidance, encouragement of individuals to participate in the front lines, performing charitable and humanitarian activities. The research findings indicate that Ms. Dabagh, in her managerial role, exemplified a prominent figure of sacrifice and a model of a revolutionary and combatant woman, showing that Iranian women in the contemporary history of this country have played a significant role in the struggle against domestic tyranny, foreign colonization, and the process of the victory and continuity of the Islamic Revolution.

Let G be a finite group and S be a subset of G such that 1G ̸∈ S and S −1 = S. The Cayley graph Σ = Cay(G, S) on G with respect to S is the graph with the vertex set G such that, for §, † ∈ G, the pair (§, †) is an arc in Cay(G, S) if and only if †§−1 ∈ S. The graph Σ is said to be arc-transitive if its full automorphism group Aut(Σ) is transitive on its arc set. In this paper we give a classification for arc-transitive Cayley graphs with valency six on finite abelian groups which are non-normal. Moreover, we classify all normal Cayley graphs on non-cyclic abelian groups with valency 6.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and its management is associated with many problems. The study aimed to compare the effect of group self-care training and patient child play (PCP) on quality of life (QoL) in children with type 1 diabetes in Isfahan, Iran.

This randomized trial was done from January 2020 to October 2021 in Endocrine and Metabolism research center of Isfahan University of medical sciences. Seventy- five children aged 8 to 11 years with T1DM who did not have a severe behavioral problem based on the child behavior checklist (CBCL) were simple randomly assigned to three groups: self-care training, play therapy, and control. The self-care group received ten education sessions via the Skyroom and the playgroup performed PCP for ten sessions. The control group did not receive any psychological intervention. All participants received routine diabetes medication. They completed a health-related QoL questionnaire for children (KIDSCREEN-52) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and analysis of covariance.

A significant difference between the mean scores of the post-test subscales of physical well-being (P= 0.003), psychological well-being (P= 0.003), moods and emotions (P= 0.02), self-perception (P= 0.002), self-autonomy (P= 0.002), parental relationships and family life (P= 0.001), social and peers support (P= 0.04), school environment (P= 0.003) and social acceptance (P= 0.001) in PCP group.

Self-care training and PCP are effective in increasing the QoL, and can be used as a complementary treatment in children with T1DM.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy on negative meta-emotions and body dysmorphic symptoms in cosmetic surgery applicants.

This research was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test and control group design with a two-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all surgical applicants who had visited beauty clinics in the city. The statistical sample included 30 of these applicants who were selected purposefully. Then, 15 people were randomly placed in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group. The intervention group received solution-oriented therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The data were collected using Meta-Emotions Scale (MES) (2009) and Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) (2005) and analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements.

The results showed that the main effect of the group was significant for negative meta-emotions (F=94.2, P>0.05, P>0.771) and for body dysmorphic disorder symptoms (F=12.9, P>0.05, 315/315). In the negative meta-emotions variable, the main effect of the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up (P<0.05, P<0.05, F=13.5) was significant. It was also reported as significant in the variable of body dysmorphic symptoms (P>0.05, P>0.05, F=6.37).

It can be concluded that solution-oriented therapy is effective in negative meta-emotions and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. Therefore, they can be useful for cosmetic surgery applicants.

Medicinal and aromatic plants are rich in active substances that represent many medicines. Climatic factors and ontogenetic growth stages affect the quantity and quality of these costly materials. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the geographic origins and the different plant organs (leaves, flowers and stalks) of Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand., an endemic aromatic herb in the south of Iran, essential oil in three different natural habitats. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The highest essential oil content was obtained in flower (1.2%) and stalk (0.7%) of S. sharifii in Sirmand population. Also, in the latter plant organ, the highest essential oil content was observed in Abmah population (1.1%). Essential oils were characterized by the domination of sesquiterpenes (37.92 ‒84.40%), followed by monoterpenes (13.42‒58.86%). Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil identified 58 constituents that varied with plant origin and organ. Results revealed that the main essential oil constituents in S. sharifii were linalool, hexyl-2-methyl butyrate, caryophyllene, sclareol oxide, agarospirol and hexyl caprylate in different plant organs and natural habitats. The variations among natural populations of S. sharifii showed that add to the impact of plant inheritance, it conjointly encompasses a high adaptation potential so that a variety of climatic conditions like temperature, altitude and rainfall are among different populations.

flat foot is a disorder that reduces performance in people with different age groups. One of the new treatments is whole-body vibration. The main question is whether there is a significant difference according to the isokinetic muscle strength after whole body vibration intervention in different ages of growth and adults.

64 people with flexible flat feet were included in the study. People were divided into 4 intervention and control groups based on the age groups of growth and post-growth age. Then, in the intervention groups, 10 sessions of whole body vibration were applied 3 sessions per week in a standing position. In all participants, the isokinetic torque of the invertor and evertor muscles at angular velocities of 30 and 120 degrees/s were evaluated before and after the vibration intervention in two stages before and after applying general fatigue.

The results showed that before applying the whole-body vibration intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups according to the maximum isokinetic torque parameter (P>0.05). The effect of fatigue parameter and angular velocity of isokinetic torque on the inverter and inverter muscle torque was significant (P<0.05). The isokinetic torque of the invertor and evertor muscles at both angles of 30 and 120 degrees after applying 10 sessions of whole-body vibration showed a significant improvement compared with before the intervention in both with and without fatigue (P<0.05).

This study showed that whole-body vibration can be effective as a relatively new modality in reducing the effects of fatigue during running and increasing the strength of ankle muscles in two age groups during growth and adulthood.

The purpose of this research is to identify the applications of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence in smart educational environments in order to increase the quality and educational innovations. The current research method is qualitative and its strategy is meta-Synthesis. The research statistical population, valid scientific studies from 2018 to 2023 were in the field of education. At first, using the keywords "Internet of Things Applications", "Artificial Intelligence Applications", "Internet of Things in Education", "Artificial Intelligence in Education", "Smart Education" and "Technology in Education" and based on the entry criteria, 1025 researches They were scientifically identified and then, according to the exclusion criteria, finally 56 articles were entered into the final analysis stage. Sandelowski & Barroso's model of six stages was used for the qualitative analysis of the documents. In order to increase the reliability of the results, Cohen's kappa coefficient was used, and the agreement between the two coders was 0.846. Finally, 15 components were identified, in the dimension related to the Internet of Things with 8 components including; 1-Library management,2-Attendance monitoring,3-Space reservation management,4-Building energy management of educational environments,5-Security and safety, 6-Health and satisfaction monitoring of learners,7-Smart classroom and education, and 8-Automation and in the dimension related to artificial intelligence with 7 components including; 1-Prediction,2-Smart teaching systems,3-Assessment and evaluation,4-Adaptation and personalization systems,5-Teacher robot and chat bot,6-Visualizations and 7-Blockchain. Also, the conceptual model of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence applications in smart educational environments was identified.

In this study, the level of bank customer loyalty has been investigated through modeling and simulation of electronic management of customer relationship. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The research context includes Tejarat Bank branches in Tehran and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews through the Delphi technique. The approach used in this research is dynamic systems, which is one of the most well-known methods for analyzing complex systems. This approach, using systems thinking, discovers the problems of complex systems by means of mathematical modeling. Due to the dynamic nature of analyses, on the one hand, the range of problems in complex systems is defined well, and on the other hand, the current situation and the desired state are presented based on computational analyses. This approach is a methodology for studying and managing complex feedback systems such as existing systems in the field of business, economic systems, population studies, and other social systems. Models are made from the combination of diagrams, graphs, and equations. Moreover, how variables change over time is represented. The research results show that in order to survive in the competitive conditions of the current market, Tejarat Bank should move in a direction where the four factors of electronic banking, customer support, security, and surplus services will be promoted. Knowing and understanding the system factors and how they affect the entire system is very important. Using the dynamic systems method provides this possibility well.

 Despite anti-inflammatory effects of rosemary, there is no broad consensus on the effects of rosemary on osteoarthritis symptoms, being among the most common causes of disability. This study aimed to determine the effects of rosemary ointment on osteoarthritis symptoms in the elderly.

 In this double-blind randomized trial, 75 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected from comprehensive health service centers based on inclusion criteria and assigned by the random minimization method to three groups equally. In the intervention and placebo groups, 4 cm of rosemary and Vaseline ointment were applied twice a day, respectively, for 10 days. The control group received no intervention. In addition, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) was measured for the three groups, before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test, a repeated measures ANOVA, and statistical modeling. 

 There were no significant differences among the study groups based on demographic characteristics. In the rosemary and placebo groups, the mean score of the WOMAC and pain improved significantly (p = 0.001) immediately and one month after the intervention. In terms of intergroup comparisons, the WOMAC and pain scores, immediately after the intervention, were significantly higher in the rosemary group than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). However, joint performance and stiffness scores had on significant differences.

 The results showed that shortly after the intervention, WOMAC and pain scores improved in the rosemary group. However, no improvement was observed in joint stiffness and function.

This study aimed to predict happiness based on the locus of the control, personality traits and academic self-efficacy of the female students. The present study was a descriptive-correlational one. The statistical population consisted of all high school female students in District 8, of whom, 150 students were selected as the research sample using the cluster sampling method and based on the Green (1991) Sample Size determination in regression. The subjects were examined using the Oxford’s Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI) and Morgan-Jinks Student Self-Efficacy Scale (MJSES). Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data simultaneously using SPSS-22 software. The results of correlation test showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the locus of control and happiness (0.661) (p≥0.01) and there was a negative relationship between neuroticism (-0.403) and happiness (p≥0.01). However, there was a significant positive relationship between extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness with happiness at 0.01. Moreover, there was a significant positive relationship between academic self-efficacy and happiness of the female students (p≥0.01). Simultaneous regression showed that locus of control, personality traits and academic self-efficacy predict happiness in female students (p≥0.01). It can be concluded that locus of control, personality traits and academic self-efficacy predict the happiness of high school female students.

Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township)Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township) Analysis of tourist's attitudes and tendencies towards community based tourism (Study area: villages of Tonekabon township)

Every day’s large amount of gas is consumed which is transported through pipelines. Due to irreparable consequences of gas related accident and their heavy financial losses; therefore, the safety of pipeline is one of the priorities of gas companies, government and consumers. Hazard is part of every human endeavor, so hazard identification and risk management is very important. As some of event may not be exactly predictable, the study of risk is very important. The risk management is a determinative step of the health, safety and environmental management system (HSEMS). In this study performance of Hazard and operability (HAZOP) method for asses of hazards and risks, for all process, that present in Kermanshah Province Gas Company was evaluated. There are different risk analysis techniques. As the HAZOP is Process Hazard Analysis that not only identifies system hazards, but also determines their probability of occurrence by the effects of any deviations from design conditions and it gives us the accurate results, it’s used for risk assessment in this project. This research was conducted by a team of 3 experts and identified the process hazards by means of quid words. At the end of this study in Kermanshah Province Gas Company’s about 282 risks were identified and only 03 risk is unacceptable e and 111 are Conditional that must be eliminated without delay , the others are acceptable that the risk must be eliminated but it is not an emergency

 

Proper selection and guidance of athletes is one of the benefits of talent identification that will lead to great savings in resource consumption. Individual differences are one of the most important indicators and play a significant role in this regard. Persian Medicine deals with physical, physiological and psychological differences with regard to the concept of temperament (Mizaj). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of temperament in physiological differences during a period of resistance training in non-athlete women.

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-course and post-course design with two experimental groups of cold temperament and warm temperament. The statistical populations in this study were young non-athlete women. Participants were divided into two groups of hot temperament (12 people) and cold temperament (12 people) by Salmannejad standard Mizaj questionnaire. Body composition indices were measured twice, both before and after resistance training. The exercise protocol targeted the pectoralis major, trapezius, abdominal muscles, and extensor and flexor thigh muscles. After collecting and entering the data in SPSS software (version 21), raw data was analyzed. Hypotheses were tested with a significance level of p≥0.05.

The results showed significant between-group difference in muscle percentage in resistance training of young non-athlete warm- and cold-tempered women (p=0.03(. There was no significant difference between warm and cold groups in the waist to pelvic ratio groups in a period of resistance training of warm- and cold- tempered young women (p=0.13(. There was a significant difference in fat percentage between the groups in a period of resistance training of warm- and cold- tempered young women (p=0.04(.

In resistance activities, cold-tempered individuals have better physiological changes in the field of health than the warm-tempered. Therefore, temperament can be considered effective in health and professional sports practices.

Seed dispersal by large herbivores (Endozoochory) provides a possible aid for ecological restoration of plant communities. In order to investigate the potential of Endozoochory in domestic (Ovis aries and Capra aegagrus hircus) and wild (Ovis orientalis and Capra aegagrus) herbivores under different managements tacktic, eight sites in Tang e Sayad region of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province were selected (National Park, Protected area and Free grazing). From July to October 2016, dung samples of wild and domesticate herbivores were collected in four stages. Dung samples were stored for 72 hours at 4 °C, and then 250 gr of them were kept on the surface of the each trays in the greenhouse until full germination of the seeds. The results showed that 1732 seeds identified in 54 cultivated trays belonged to 28 species. In August and September, the highest and lowest number of seeds were observed in dung. Transferred species in National Park with 26 species were more than other regions. Wild goats (39.6) compared to wild sheeps (36.9) and domestic (20.1) transferred more seeds. DCA indicated dissimilarity behavior among herbivores, differences in species composition of seeds identified in dung samples of each herbivore and seed composition transferred between management zones. If the management of protected areas is aimed at development of plant communities and the dynamics of rangeland ecosystems, the transfer of plant seeds by domestic and wild livestock should be considered as an important factor in the plant distribution.

Decision-making has always been of interest to scholars because decision-making mirrors the skills and capabilities of a manager, hence the purpose of the present study is to examine the decision-making frameworks female political elites are forced to adhere to in order to enter their field of work. This research was conducted throughout ten parliamentary sessions. The statistical sample of this study was 20 women from ten seats in the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The methodology was based on the quantitative and qualitative content analysis techniques and the semi-structured interview techniques when collecting data. The data analysis was carried out in Excel in the form of different models and graphs and used the Visio software. The findings indicate that the decision-making framework for women delegates is largely based on the party's proposal, which is rationally and culturally based on a planned, advisory, at-risk sub-framework. Most elites do not have a specific pre-representation framework. The most important encouraging framework for women is the influence of their spouses.The motivational framework for women and their goal is mainly to carry out their duties within the confines of law and dealing well with allies and enemies. The role of the family (father, brother and husband) is the most important institutional framework, which largely influences women entering the political arena. Psychological factors are the most important causal framework for decision making. In general, the most important factors influencing the decision-making framework of female political elites is the representation of the power of men through the media, foreshadowing structural and cultural factors, preferences and interests, and personal and psychological experiences. This study identifies 8 main categories, 42 first subcategories, 83 second subcategories, and 439 semantic expressions, which are analyzed thematically.

Entrepreneurship, as an important phenomenon in the economy, plays an effective role in the economic development and progress of countries. From another perspective, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are constantly changing, and in the meantime, the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial organizations are a good model for coping and adapting to new conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Senior Managers support for organizational entrepreneurship mediated by affective commitment. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population of this study are faculty members of Tabriz University in 2020. Also, by simple random sampling method, the opinions of 239 faculty members were used. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Structural equations and SPSS23 and Amos23 software were used to analyze the data. Software output shows that the direct relationships between variables are significant. Also, the mediating role of affective commitment between the top management support and organizational entrepreneurship was confirmed. Findings of this study can play a significant role in improving the organizational culture of higher education environments and universities by increasing the management support of these organizations for entrepreneurship of their members, increasing affective commitment in them and thus achieving the goals of the organization.

Postpartum depression(PPD) is the most common psychological disorder after childbirth, which may cause serious effects on mothers, infants and families. The present study aims at identifying these factors, according to social determinants based on the World Health Organization Model.

In this review of literature, the key words "postpartum depression" in Persian and English languages and within the time period of 2010 and 2020, were searched in national and international databases including; SID, PubMed ProQuest, Elsevier and Scopus. Considering the input criteria and studying PPD and its related factors, 38 articles were finally selected.

This targeted review of literature resulted in the extraction of 31 factors in two structural and intermediate dimensions. In the articles the relation between PPD and socio-economic situation, race, place of residence, perceived social support, marriage satisfaction, home violence, history of depression and psychiatric disorders, psychological pressure, daily stresses and breastfeeding self-efficiency is verified. Type of pregnancy, problems and side effects of it, preterm delivery, breastfeeding, low weight baby at birth are factors influencing PPD. Postpartum depression can influence mother and infant emotional relationships and have neonatal outcomes. On the other hand, neonatal disorders and diseases in the first four- weeks had a positive meaningful relation with PPD. Training and the quality of pregnancy and postpartum care were also related to postpartum depression.

The conclusions gained from studying the review of literature shows that the World Health Organization Model is capable of determining the social factors related to postpartum depression.