جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پویایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity of the evolutionary process of the cultural landscape in the face of climate change using the grounded theory method. Purposive sampling was done with 30 samples, data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, and data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. Following the explanation of the concept of the cultural landscape and the analysis of its evolution based on the theory of structuration, landscape ecology, and change, the results of the study showed that the continuous evolution of cultural landscapes against environmental stresses, including climate changes, requires the discovery and recall of lived experiences during the moments of change and transformational learning in the direction of mitigation, adaptation, value-creating, and regeneration measures. The application of this model in formulating strategies in temporal-spatial scales can lead to the improvement of cultural resilience of cultural landscapes and establish continuity in the path of evolution.

Today, by shifting the main sources of economics from assets and physical resources to knowledge and technology, technology plays a crucial role in the economic progress of countries and their per capita income growth. This increasing role of technology in the economy, has led to technology being taken into account in new economic schools. On the one hand, the successful performance of new industrialized countries in the 70's and 80's inspired new perspectives in the global economy, which emphasized on efficient technological activities at the core of its analysis. On the other hand, because of changes in the global economy and the transformation of the nature of the beneficial economic activities, due to rapid technological changes, economists have also been unwittingly focused on the dynamics of the economic structure. Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to study various economic schools from the three perspectives of the global conditions that school emerged in, considering the approach of schools to the dynamics factor and, finally, their approach to the technology and its development, the position of each school Economics is presented in the form of a typology based on attention to two factors of attention to dynamism and technology.

Groundwater management is of great importance for the sustainability of water services. Many approaches have been used for groundwater management. So far there has been no study conducted on the anti-fragility of the social-ecological system (SES) of groundwater. System anti-fragility refers to the process by which the system likes internal and external dynamics and events because it benefits from disruptions and improves its services. The aim of the present research is therefore to provide a conceptual framework for the social-ecological management of groundwater. The research method is as follows: First, the socio-ecological system of groundwater and fragility protection was defined based on the existing principles. The two models of Talib's anti-fragility and social ecology were then linked using the transfer concept. The results of the discussion on the relationship between the two models highlighted the weaknesses associated with the lack of accurate disclosure of the anti-fragility redundancy of groundwater to disturbances. Finally, an antifragile adaptive social-ecological model was constructed with one goal, three species, and three stages in the groundwater system. The purpose includes: eliminating the negative effects of disturbances and risks in the groundwater system, including methods; The energy transfer, function transfer, and element design steps included: (i) determining the effects of the disturbance rather than the disturbance and the risks themselves, (ii) formulating a transfer policy, and (iii) implementing the policy. This article not only expands the literature on groundwater management but also provides an appropriate framework for policymakers and water managers and can be helpful in groundwater planning and management.

The process of regeneration of Derelict Fabric is done to revitalize, modernize, and enhance the quality of the environment to achieve a desirable future and to address future issues of urbanization and urban life in order to have a viable city and neighborhood. Sustainable city, in a simple definition, is a city that has the components of security, dynamism and vitality and also provides safe and attractive housing, education, health and culture for citizens. Among the different qualities expressed by different theorists in terms of spaces responsive to user needs can be security, dynamics and vitality. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of security, safety and vitality components on the regeneration process of worn-out neighborhoods in the White Soil neighborhood of Chahar-e-Tehran. The data were collected using a questionnaire which was used to assess its validity by Cronbach's alpha method, whose reliability was confirmed by 0.831. To determine the sample size, Cochran formula was used and 321 questionnaires were calculated and distributed among the residents of 69458 white soil neighborhoods. Then, data were extracted and categorized. In the Findings section, according to the tables, the variables related to the indicators of effective safety and vitality have the highest to moderate acceptance. In spite of the exhaustion of neighborhood texture, security and vitality can be seen in the neighborhood. In other words, it can be concluded that security, dynamism and vitality will advance the goals of regeneration and enhance the process of regeneration of worn-out neighborhoods.  

 The feeling of belonging to a place in ancient tissues has always been the most important factor for its durability and stability, both physically and functionally, and semantically and memory-wise. Spatial affiliation refers to a cognitive relationship with a particular environment or space, and in fact attachment to a place is a symbolic relationship created by individuals to a place that gives common emotional, emotional and cultural meanings to a particular space. (Altman & Low, 1992) A spatial place is an identity-building, relative, and historical that never completely disappears. Residential neighborhoods are one of the oldest urban heritage that the sense of belonging of residents makes it sustainable. Users are stated, we can refer to the quality components of the urban environment (sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality). Among the different definitions of these environmental qualities, it is emphasized that these components indicate the dynamism and vibrancy of the space, and as a result, that space will be suitable for the presence and activity of users. Therefore, these environmental qualities seem to increase the sense of environmental belonging, and through this, among the diverse range of qualities of urban spaces, the mentioned components are undoubtedly one of the influential qualities in creating space (Lynch. 1997.307) )Today, urban and citizenship issues have become the most important issues affecting the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of human life. Before this period, the city was important in its general sense, but in the contemporary period, this importance has been perceived by a wider range of people. Therefore, addressing the new theories of the city, each with the aim of solving urban problems, improving the quality and quantity of life of citizens in cities, improving the quality of the city environment, city management, advancing the city to become more desirable, etc. It is more important than ever. Viability, which ensures sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, is divided into three interrelated dimensions: the economy, society and the environment. If the function of any of these three dimensions is disrupted, human settlements can quickly deteriorate, resulting in declining population, poverty, social conflict, and rising health and environmental issues. (Khorasani, 2011:35) In general, a livable city includes a diverse set of characteristics: sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism, vitality and participation. If urban areas do not have viability factors, the only motivation for new residents is to have a shelter, and despite many cultural differences, they live in this part of the city due to low housing prices. Therefore, due to the feeling of separation and alienation from neighbors and residents, it suffers from confusion and confusion, and consequently, social, economic and cultural instability occurs in these neighborhoods.

The research method of this article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. Its purpose is to evaluate the Sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality situation in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Tehran's Chahar district based on the explained indicators. The statistical population studied in this study are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood, located in the sixth district of Tehran's four municipalities. According to the latest census in 2016, Khak-e-Sefid or Golshan neighborhood has a population of 69,458 people. Thus, the Sense of belonging to a place of the neighborhood is assessed using field data collection (distribution of a questionnaire among the residents of the studied neighborhood). Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. 321 questionnaires were calculated for the population of 69458 people in Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood and distributed among the residents. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the views of experts, experts and city managers were used. In this study, Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the measurement tool. Cronbach's alpha obtained in this study was 0.831, which indicates that the reliability coefficient is at an acceptable level. Finally, after analyzing the information through SPSS method, finally based on the obtained results, recommendations to improve the performance of neighborhood spaces in order to improve its vitality and sense of belonging to a place and the effect of security, dynamism and vitality on the regeneration of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood with emphasis on using The model of sustainable neighborhood development will be presented.

To achieve the purpose of the research and answer the main question of the research on whether the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, the variables and indicators that were in the form of a questionnaire were provided to the statistical community. The respondents are residents of Khak-e-Sefid neighborhood of Chahar city of Tehran. Due to the high population of the neighborhood, the sampling method and determining the sample size were used to study the area through the Cochran's formula and 321 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Considering that the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and adaptation in each city, region and neighborhood are affected by the three dimensions of social, economic and environmental cities that constitute the indicators of urban livability, the response of neighborhood residents to each of the variables The trivia of livability is given in tables in the text of the article. 

In answer to the research question, ie the components of sense of belonging to a place security, dynamism and compatibility affect the regeneration of problematic tissues, it should be said that what is effective in the sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of an urban neighborhood are things that can result in referring to urban space as a destination. In other words, coming to space and staying in it can make the space safe and lively and lead to the accumulation of memory. According to the results obtained from the tables and analysis of the percentage of frequency variables of livability dimensions, each of which has a high impact on creating sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality of the neighborhood environment. It is observed that the variables related to the indicators affecting safety and well-being, especially the variables related to the indicators of "recreation and leisure", "cohesion and belonging", "individual and social security" and "participation and solidarity" have the highest to moderate acceptance. It can be concluded that the more livable the neighborhoods and residential areas of cities and of course have the components of sense of belonging to a place, security, dynamism and vitality, the goals and results of urban regeneration and regeneration projects are achieved more quickly and the neighborhoods and residential areas of their past originality are comfortable They will gain more principles.

The purpose of this study is to design a dynamic organizational training model in Bank Mellat in Yazd using a combined approach. This research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of applied-developmental purpose and in terms of data nature. In the qualitative stage of the research, using semi-structured non-random purposeful interviews with 16 university experts, senior managers, heads and deputies of Bank Mellat, the components of a dynamic education system were identified by data saturation criteria. Quantitatively, due to the small statistical population of the research; The questionnaire was distributed among all branch managers, experts and employees working in Bank Mellat-Yazd branches and using structural equation modeling by AMOS software; Fitting all the main factors of the designed quality model; Evaluated. Based on the results of the qualitative part of the research; Dimensions of the dynamic organizational education system model include competency, flexibility and foresight. Also based on the results of the quantitative research section; the designed pattern has a proper fit.

The dynamism of primary schools is fundamental as an essential tool for raising the level of empowerment and educational promotion. Therefore, education should change the existing adaptive role to a reproductive role, provide dynamic conditions for each student, and favorably control the educational environment to quickly access new information, accelerate work, change, and continuous improvement. Furthermore, ultimately meet the new expectations of students. This research has designed a dynamic school model using consecutive exploratory research.The present study is a descriptive survey based on a combined approach of consecutive exploratory types (taxonomic development model or classification) applied purpose and data collection method. In the first stage, a data-based qualitative method (data foundation) and an interview technique were used to construct the model. Sources of data collection in this section included semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation (with 15 people), which were converted into textual data. Then the text was coded using this data to identify components. The dynamic school was introduced in elementary schools and provided a model. The results of the qualitative section were designed based on the measuring instruments according to the identified components in the form of a 52-item questionnaire, and experts confirmed its face and content validity and finally reached a reliability coefficient of 96%. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the validity of the proposed model. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the professors of educational management of Farhangian University and the principals and teachers active in primary education and primary schools which implemented the dynamic school project in Tehran schools was 600 people who used a stratified random sampling method. Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table, 230 people were determined, and Amos software was used for quantitative data analysis. In the qualitative section, 15 experts and informants in the two areas of school dynamics and primary schools were purposefully selected using the snowball method and Atlas. Ti software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

Conceptual metaphors have always been a significant subject in cognitive semantics. As the two leading theoreticians of this field, Lakoff and Johnson emphasized the physical aspects and bodily experience of conceptual metaphors. In addition to the physical aspect, later, other theorists led by Kovecses emphasized the role of context, especially the cultural context in the processing and understanding of conceptual metaphors. Adunis, an Arabic poet and critic, focuses on thought and culture in his poems, and his poetry book, Aghani Mahyar al-Demashghi, has intellectual and cultural foundations and substructures that are taken from philosophy, Sufism and Surrealism. In the meantime, the similarity of cultural experience in the construction of conceptual metaphors and its relationship with cultural foundations in Adunis's thought and poetry is the main motivation for the present research. The results of the research demonstrate that the metaphor "dynamism is progress and innovation" is the most important conceptual domain of Adunis’s thought and poetry in the poetry collection "Aghani Mahyar alDemashghi". On this basis, Adunis conceptualizes the destination domain of "dynamics" using multiple and sometimes contradictory concepts such as running, flowing, stopping, burning, etc., which are all in line with the objective concept of "progress" in his semantic world.

The aim of the current research is to present the organizational culture model of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data type, and grounded theory in terms of the nature and type of data study. The target population of the research includes faculty members with the rank of assistant professor and above and having experience and planning in the mentioned field and experts in the field of human resources of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with PhD in education and management experience based on the theoretical sampling method of the snowball type . Based on theoretical data saturation, 15 experts were selected for interview. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in which the dimensions, components and indicators of the mentioned model were set. . For the aforementioned interview form, a part of national and global models, findings, studies and theories were first examined. Then, with open coding, indicators were counted and through axial coding, they were categorized in the form of dimensions, components and indicators, and it was sent to 15 experts and the dimensions and components were identified with the help of selective coding through interviews, Delphi technique and brainstorming. As a result, 5 dimensions, 22 components and 142 indicators were finalized for the organizational culture model of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. After the final confirmation and prioritization of the experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were drawn, and again, experts validated the mentioned model.

Fast changes, competition, informed and intelligent customers and increasing innovations, bring about challenges and serious uncertainties which organizations deal with in their progress in the future. This requires special attention to the issue of knowledge management and its adaptation to future conditions. Proposing no vision for the excellence of future of knowledge management in organizations, knowledge management development measures, as well as the inability to solve problems, will not benefit future knowledge needs.    futures studies and knowledge management are both intended to identify the complexity and dynamism resulting from the internal and external environment of organizations, and address the knowledge needs of managers to make decisions in such environments. We can understand the significant role of futures study in knowledge management through a brief consideration. Knowledge management affects futures studt greatly.    This study is an attempt to investigate the relation and role of futures studies and knowledge management in an organization. The researchers conducted a case study using in-depth interviews with experts (including employees, administrators, and faculty members of a military higher education center) to find out how futures study is related to the maturity of knowledge management. The innovative point in this research related to the combination of futures study research methods to the process of organizational knowledge management model. In this manner, interviews, questionnaires and literature review techniques have been employed to collect data. The logic of framework analysis and focus group on the future challenges of knowledge management of the organization under study have been used as analysis tools.     An analysis of the futures study methods on the basis of functional foundations, a model for futures study development based on organizational knowledge management is proposed as a research result.

Of the influential features in determining the type of lexical aspect are dynamicity, durativity, telicity, homogeneity and atomicity of the verb. This qualitative and descriptive-analytical research is based on the data obtained by participatory observation and unstructured and semi-structured interviews with Laki speakers in Darehshahr (Ilam). Based on aspectual approaches of Rostein (2004), Filip (2004: 2012), and Croft (2012), the present study attempts to examine the impacts of these semantic features in determining aspect types in the given dialect. It focuses on those semantic features contributing into determining the lexical aspect types in Laki. It shows that in Laki dialect of Darehshahr, like many Indo-European languages, the mentioned features are influential in determining the lexical aspect type and based on them the situation aspect can be determined. It also shows that in order to explain the factors influencing the situational aspect type, not only the verb and its arguments, but in some cases the semantic and even the pragmatic context should be considered. Keywords: lexical (situational) aspect, dynamicity, durativity, telicity, homogeneity, atomicity, Laki dialect of Darehshahr IntroductionOne essential category, along with other categories formulated in the verb (such as mood, transitivity, and tense), is aspect. Aspect is usually considered as the way of looking at the internal temporal events in terms of their inception, realization, unfolding, or completion. In aspectual studies, a distinction is often made between two major types of aspect; while grammatical aspect is usually expressed with a definite inflectional or periphrastic element in VP, in lexical approaches to the aspect, without any specific grammatical sign, verbs inherently unfold the intrinsic aspectual properties indicating the beginning, continuation, or completion of the events. In recent approaches to lexical (situational) aspect, the intrinsic features of the verbs are considered to have influential impacts in determining the lexical aspectual type. Of the influential features in determining the type of lexical aspect are dynamicity, durativity, telicity, homogeneity, and atomicity of the verb. As a result, the study of these features as influencing factors is regarded to be of paramount importance in the grammar of natural languages.Materials and MethodsDue to the nature of the present study, it has been designed to be a qualitative, descriptive-analytical research based on observation and interviews with Lak speakers and the review of existing text documents. The statistical population of the study includes Lak speakers of Darehshahr villages located in the south of Ilam, Iran. To reduce the effects of language contact, speakers have been selected from villages whose inhabitants often do not speak a language other than Laki. Also, efforts were made to select speakers from families who do not speak a language other than Laki at home. In order to be a comprehensive research, an attempt was made to select speakers from a wide range of literate and illiterate, old, middle-aged and young, and of both male and female genders in a purposeful sampling method. The data collection method was through participatory observation and sometimes unstructured and semi-structured interviews. In this study, after ensuring the linguistic corpus of the study, with thematic analysis, the types of situational (lexical) aspect between the data and the linguistic body mentioned in the studied dialect of the studied Laki dialect have been investigated. Then, according to Croft model (2012) as a comprehensive model in explaining aspectual verb classes, verbs were identified and examined based on the criteria and characteristics considered in the framework of the model. Discussion of Results and Conclusions To distinguish the aspectual verbs, distinguishing features and components such as dynamicity, homogeneity, telicity, and atomicity have been used. Based on aspectual approaches of Krifka (1998), Rothstein (2004), Filip (2004: 2012), and Croft (2012), the present study attempts to examine the impacts of these semantic features to determine the aspect types in the given dialect. It tries the answers to the following questions: To what extent can the mentioned factors help in determining the lexical aspect types in Laki, which is one of the Northwestern Iranian languages? Are the mentioned features intrinsic to the verb and the lexical level? Or should the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors be also considered in analyzing the situational aspect? This study shows that in the Laki dialect of Darehshahr, the semantic features of dynamicity, durativity, telicity, homogeneity, and atomicity of the verbs are among the most influential factors in determining the lexical aspect type of the verbs, and therefore, based on these elements the situation aspect system can be determined in the given dialect of Laki. Contrary to some views that consider telicity as an intrinsic feature of the verb, it was observed that in order to explain the factors influencing the situational aspect type, not only the verb and its arguments but in some cases the semantic and even the pragmatic context should be considered. This is in line with the findings of Dowty (1986), Krifka (1998), and Filip (2004, 2009, and 2012). This study also showed that in the mentioned dialect of Laki, like many other Iranian languages, perfect verbs have a telic property and imperfect ones have an atelic property, which is consistent with the findings of Filip (2009) and Borer (2013). It has also been observed that in Laki, as in many Indo-European languages ​​(Comrie, 1976: 46), it is possible to create telic verbs from atelic ones using morphological rules. In addition, due to the unmarked nature of atelic verbs in Laki, it can be concluded that the demarcation of each atelic verb can be used as a basis for making a telic predicate, provided that the verb is combined with an appropriate incremental argument that characterizes the quantitative criterion (QC). This is consistent with the findings of Filip (1999).

The distinguishing feature of Adonis from his counterparts in the Arab and Iranian worlds is his attention to the various dimensions of the Islamic tradition and the context in which Arabic poetry was formed. He believes that any fundamental critique of the structure of poetry depends on the knowledge of the sources that inspired it. The author has written this article with the aim of making the audience aware of Adonis’s ideas in the field of Islamic culture. In order to achieve this goal, after introducing Adonis, he explains the meaning of “fixed” and “transformed” in his thought. In addition, it presents examples of imitation and innovation in Islamic culture in Adoni’s views in the field of politics, poetry and literature, and so on. Finally, by stating that critiques of Adonis’s views on Islamic tradition and culture have been written, he points to cases that have not been addressed in current critiques.

Designing legitimate mechanisms in line with the goals of Sharia in the field of financial contracts is of great importance. Using jurisprudential, economic and sociological analyzes this paper studies the concept, arguments, criteria and obstacles of dynamics in contracts. The findings show that, contracts are a dynamic part of wealth distribution in Islamic economics. Three types of reasons for this dynamism can be proposed, I) socio-economic arguments based on the analysis of dynamic social needs, II) jurisprudential analysis, such as the signatory nature of rulings and non-primitiveness of contracts and the existence of manteqatul-firaq in the jurisprudence of transactions, III) verbal arguments, such as verses 5:1; 17: 34; 2: 177 and 4: 29 and the hadith of Condition. Dynamic criteria in inventing include, guaranteeing the goals and structures of Shari'a and the composition of contracts, compliance with the Book of God and the requirements of the contract. Neglecting the new contracts and the existence of scientific and practical obstacles such as lack of social responsibility for jurists are among the reason for the stagnation in the formation of new contracts. The trustee for designing designing new contracts is the Guardianship.

The lexical aspect of contemporary Persian was studied in this article. The data which were extracted from Farhang-i-buzurg-i-soxan (Anvari, 2007) were investigated based on scalar approach. The traditional theories cannot differentiate and explain various aspectual events because of inadequate binary aspectual features. The investigation of data showed that scalar theory along with traditional features like [± duration], [± dynamicity], and [± telicity] provides a more comprehensive aspectual classification and clearer explanation of Persian verbs and events. The traditional theories cannot account for verbs of degree achievements which have the dual [+ telic] and [- telic] aspectual behavior. By following the scalar approach, Persian verbs are classified into scalar (open and closed) and non-scalar (semelfactive and activity) categories. The non-scalar activity and semelfactive verbs are respectively durative and punctual events. The open scalar verbs show the dual telicity whereas the closed ones have [+ telic] feature. The closed scalar verbs are classified into two-point scalar and multi-point scalar events. These two categories differ from each other based on the [± durative] feature. The two-point scalar verbs show punctual changes while the multi-point scalar ones undergo durative changes to achieve the endpoint.

In discovering instances of fraud in financial statements, in general, the main focus is on the CEO and his role in committing fraud. While these cheating usually involves collaboration between followers and malicious managers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of personality traits of followers including proactivity and a kind of narcissism called self-sacrificing self-enhancement (SSSE) in the tendency to agree with the followers of the unethical request of the company's leaders, In the process of fraud, it was investigated.

This research is semi-experimental survey. The statistical population of this study is Ph.D. students of all universities of Tehran in 2017. The sample size was 79 with a random sampling method and the data gathering tool was a questionnaire. For data analysis, multiple regression analysis was used.

The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between kind of narcissism called self-sacrificing self enhancement and fraud index (agreeing to fraudulent) requirements on accounting. There was also a negative and significant relationship between proactivity and accounting fraud index. But, based on the research findings, no significant relationship was found between the narcissism interaction and the proactivity with the index of accounting fraud.

Individual characteristics of subordinates are effective in controlling the pressure of leaders on accounting fraud. Therefore, corporate executives can prevent many corporate financial violations by identifying a personality type and reinforcing positive personality.

Research in logistics management and distribution planning has a similar approach to location inventory components such as order quantity, inventory storage reliability, and demand response. The major aim of this study is decision making in military logistic issues, whereby locating support centers, minimizing problem costs and delivering cargo to anticipated areas, leading to maximum satisfaction of the units through the level of service. This study investigates location and inventory of support units under dynamic and uncertain conditions in three-level mathematics: supporting areas as the first level, supporting units and distribution centers as the second level, and units as the third units. The problem is to determine the number and location of support unit (storages) and their current inventory alongside the allocation of the units or direct support unit (fixed or mobile) to provide the required cargos so that while reducing the cost in the shortest possible time for agility, effective, and scientific support is performed by increasing satisfaction. Therefore, all units in each time period can be supported completely with at least the minimum level of acceptance. The proposed model is a multi-cargo, multi-period one in uncertain conditions of demand and costs. In addition, the proposed fuzzy approach model was analyzed using a robust possibilistic programing through proposing a novel fuzzy index (Me), a developed impact factor, and GAMS 24 software.

Piety is one of the important keywords in ethics. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper seeks to study this issue in the works of Imam Khomeini. In his works, three main indicators for piety are introduced, which is consistent with what we know from the Imam Ali (as) culture in this regard. The main point is that, the considering avoidance in the definition of piety, is the spiritual avoidance, not the physical one, that contrary to the popular perception, turns piety from the physical perception, into a physical-spiritual one. Accordingly, this ethical issue becomes a stimulus factor, which brings ascetic seriously into society to confront with the social problems. The ontological viewpoint of Imam Khomeini is one of the pillars of this definition of piety and ascetic. As a Sadraie philosopher, he portrays a picture of the universe and man and the philosophy of life, which also affects the moral concept. Piety in this view is active, not passive.

Today the central part in competition with other commercial centers in Rasht, is not only losing its dominant dominance over the entire space. The city is also facing a lot of local issues and challenges. The outcome of such processes and negative changes, the emergence of an important and fundamental issue in the central part of Rasht, namely, the decentralization and the diversification of the various spatial, human, economic, social and cultural capital in the central part of the city on the one hand, and its replacement and substitution At the expense of the city, on the other hand, today, in the form of exhaustion, wilt and increasing decline of neighborhoods in the central part of Rasht, manifested itself. Therefore, this study first of all seeks to understand that the physical spatial dynamics of the central part of Rasht has been influenced by what is happening. The results of this study showed that "factors based on avoiding adverse conditions" are the most important factors in deciding on the separation and displacement of households and therefore the physical spatial dynamics of the central part of Rasht city. Also, based on the findings of this research, it was revealed that the structure of the political economy ruling the city of Rasht by changing the investment-decadal cycles and the priority of the value of exchange of land and property value values on the declining trend of the central part of Rasht city And the rehabilitation of activity spaces has been affected.

The perception of spouse has changed with respect to the level of illusion and disillusion, and according to these changes, four states included of optimistic, confusion, realism and devastation are achieved. The aim of this phenomenology research was to identify dynamics of Interaction with spouse in married women in four states. 65 women were selected through purposeful sampling from those who gain the highest score in each of the quadruple states in the researcher-made questionnaire of illusion and disillusion, and in the form of 4 groups participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and with thematic analysis findings were analyzed. Findings of four groups included 41 sub themes which were classified into three main themes of cognitive, emotional and behavioral dynamics according to similarities, differences and comparing the contents of themes in four study groups. The results of the research showed that identifying each of the four states and the injuries of each state in Marriage, according to the cognition, excitement and behavior of couples and providing preventive and therapeutic strategies tailored to each injury can help the stability of couple's relationship, increase the marital satisfaction and promoting community health.