جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گندم » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The current study in the framework of realism paradigm based on international political economy and emphasizing the importance of the concept of food security has investigated the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on the wheat economy in Egypt through the analysis of indicators of food gap, self-sufficiency and foreign dependence. The Egyptian government has designed a package of measures to reduce the pressure of the crisis on its citizens, one of the most important of which is to encourage wheat farmers to produce more by increasing the guaranteed purchase price and completing strategic sheds and increasing storage capacity. Continuing to expand the area under cultivation of cereals, especially wheat, through horizontal development, continuing to support scientific and technical studies related to wheat, especially new varieties, diversifying imported markets and reducing the percentage of losses of produced and imported wheat are among the most important suggestions of this study.

Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording instruments as well as product measuring in different districts. In this research in addition to exploring circle of landholding from early Islamic period to Qajar period, two threshing heap stamp, that used to make mark on wheat as well as barley heaps are investigated. In this article we use anthropological and library studies based on descriptive and analytical approach to investigate the region cultivation and tow threshing heap stamps. The aims of this study are to identify the function as well as identity of these two stamps in socioeconomic context and investigate the circle of agriculture at Komijan city and Esfandan village, also tried to determine the identity and essence the stamps that are used by whom and when. In this end, structure of the stamps as well as form, material, motive and phrase on them will be described.

Climate is one of the determining factors in the quantity and quality of agricultural products, therefore, in this study, the relationship between precipitation and temperature (as explanatory variables) with rice yield in 40 cities and wheat yield in 30 cities (as dependent variables) was investigated in the Caspian coastal area during 2000-2017. Spatial statistical analyses were performed with using the Moran autocorrelation test and geographically weighted regression. Based on the results (Moran index, z = 0.4342121 for rice and z = 0.719571 for wheat, respectively), it was revealed that the spatial distribution pattern of rice and wheat yield had a cluster pattern. The results of the geographic weighted regression analysis showed that the temperature increase was more desirable than the precipitation increase so the increasing temperature could lead to yield increases. In the eastern parts of the study area, the positive effect of precipitation on rice yield (with 0.020 to 0.540 regression coefficients) was remarkable; the results also revealed a negative relationship between temperature and rice yield in the southeast and eastern parts and a positive effect on rice yield in other areas. Also, the effect of precipitation on wheat yield was negative in the west and central parts of the study area (with -0.481 to -0.871 regression coefficients). According to the results, a negative relationship was dominant between temperature and wheat yield in the east and southeastern parts of the study area and a positive relationship was detected in other areas. Finally, the results indicated that in the western and central parts, due to heavy rainfall and a low number of sunny hours, an increase in temperature is more favourable than an increase in rainfall. In the eastern and southeastern regions of the region, where the amount of precipitation is lower than the threshold required for rice and wheat, an increase in precipitation is more desirable.

Attention to Ardabil province is one of the important centers of wheat cultivation, determining the level of cultivation will be of particular importance in economic and political planning and can ensure the country's food security, but in the past, most traditional methods, such as field measurement, etc., have been used to determine the level of crop cultivation, which has many errors, In this study, we tried to use Landsat 8 satellite imagery, Vegetation Indices (NDVI, SAVI, DVI, GVI, IPVI, RVI), Principal components analysis (PCI), Optimum Index Factor (OIF), and classification algorithm to estimate the maximum probability of wheat cultivation area in the study area. Based on the results of main components analysis, more than 99% of data variances were explained in three main components and the best color combination of the OIF index was determined by bands 5, 6, and 7 with a numerical value of 8383.73. Also, the results showed that wheat cultivars under cultivar 94-95 in the studied area with kappa coefficient is 0.87 and the general accuracy of 95.2% were 59203.07 hectares and According to the statistics of agricultural Jahad official in Ardebil province, which is about 62480.21 hectares, In other words, the difference is 5.24% or about 3277.14 hectares which seem to be acceptable. Therefore, it can generally be concluded that Landsat 8 images, Principal components analysis, and Optimum Index Factor are highly effective in determining the level of wheat cultivation.

Leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen, due to their important role in photosynthesis are among the major biological parameters of plant physiological status. The ability to quantify chlorophyll and nitrogen can provide important information for precision agricultural activities, plant and agricultural resource management planning, and modeling ecosystem services and production capabilities. This study aimed to assess the capability of indices for estimating the amount of chlorophyll and nitrogen in wheat using spectral data at the canopy level and also determine the most suitable spectral regions and absorption features for this purpose. This research was carried out in a greenhouse environment and the spectroscopic measurements were performed using ASD Fieldspec-3 full-range spectral spectroradiometer. Four plant band indices were classified into two groups of ratio- (NDVI, RVI, and DVI) and soil-based indices (SAVI2) for the raw spectrum and the first derivative of the spectrum for the total samples, and the results were compared. The parameters of position, depth, area, asymmetry and width were calculated for seven absorption features extracted from continuum-removed spectra, and the correlation of these indices with chlorophyll and nitrogen content of wheat was examined. The results showed that SAVI2 had a stronger correlation (RMSE = 0.12, R2 = 0.85) with the chlorophyll content NDVI (RMSE=0.30, R2=0.69) had a higher correlation with the nitrogen content, while using the first derivative with NDVI provided better results. Moreover, area and depth parameters of 430-760 nm absorption spectrum were the best indicators for estimating the amount of chlorophyll and nitrogen in wheat, respectively.

The supply chain for perishable products, especially agricultural goods, has always been one of the most important and challenging management issues at different times. Because, at all stages of the agricultural production process, unsafe and unsanitary factors may endanger the health of agricultural products. In addition, one of the key problems of the agricultural supply chain is the high volume of products wasted throughout the whole supply chain. For example, in Iran, as a developing country, about 30% of all agricultural products are wasted annually. The high volume of agricultural waste is especially important concerning wheat products as a political and strategic product. The results of some studies show that a large amount of wheat waste in developing countries is due to the widespread use of traditional methods in the storage process. Therefore, the application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) can be an effective solution to this kind of problem. However, there are shortcomings in the IoT deployment in the supply chain, especially in the logistics sector, and researchers need to cover theoretical gaps in this area through modeling and optimization. Therefore, the present study intends to emphasize this important research issue for the first time in Iran using the Action Design Research approach. The most important findings of this research include the conceptual data model, the logical model of the database, and the physical data model for the IoT deployment in the storage section of the wheat supply chain, which has been designed and validated with the participation of industry and software engineering experts. The models designed in this research can be useful for the implementation of IoT technology in wheat storage centers and food factories. The findings of this study can provide a good guideline for officials and decision-makers to deploying IoT in the field of wheat storage.

In this study relation between average minimum and maximum of temperature and rainfall as independent variables of 223 synoptic meteorological stations in Iran and wheat yield as dependent variable in 223 regions during the statistical period of 2017-2017 in the monthly time scale of the growing season and the total growth period was investigated. In data analysis, spatial statistics analysis methods in Arc/GIS 10.4.1 software were used, using Moran autocorrelation test, and geographic weighted regression their spatial relationships were tested. The result of Moran index showed that spatial distribution of wheat yield follows cluster pattern. Analysis Geographic weighted regression has showed rainfall has remarkable effect on wheat yield. In addition, analysis showed rainfall has positive effects on wheat yield especially in dry and warm regions of Central, and Southeastern. The results showed the positive effect of temperature increase on wheat yield, which gradually decreased toward the southern parts in proportion to the decrease in altitude and increase in temperature. So that the effect of increasing daily temperatures (maximum) in cold mountainous areas is positive, while in east, central and southern parts of Iran negative effects of temperature over wheat yield were seen due to heat stress. Therefore, in hot and semi-warm regions of the country, increasing the temperature along with increasing rainfall can have a positive effect on wheat yield. In these areas, it is better to cultivate wheat in the highlands or in cold weather and used irrigation systems to reduce drought stress at critical stages of wheat growth.

Wheat stripe rust has a severe effect on the yield and quality of wheat. An effective forecasting method is essential for food security. In this study, firstly, optimal vegetation indices related to belt rust stress are extracted as candidate features for disease prediction from 2-Sentinel time series images. Then, optimal VI combinations are selected using sequential forward selection (SFS). Finally, the occurrence of wheat stripe rust in different time intervals is predicted using Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. The results of the selected traits show that, before the binding period, the optimal VIs are related to biomass, pigment and moisture of wheat. After the connection period, the red-edge VIs related to the health status of the product play an important role. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of the prediction model, which is based on SVM, is generally higher than K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) methods. SVM method is more suitable for predicting time series of wheat rust. The model achieved accuracy based on optimal VI combinations and the SVM increased over time. The highest accuracy was 86.2%. These results show that the prediction model can provide guidance and suggestions for early disease prevention in the study area, and this method combines Sentinel-2 time series images and SVM, which can be used to predict wheat stripe rust.

The dust is one of the natural hazards of arid and semi-arid regions, including Iran. When this problem coincides with the drying up of the largest salt lake in the Middle East (Lake Urmia), the occurrence of a salt dust storm will be inevitable, which will have profound effects on human communities, animals and plants. On the other hand, agriculture and the growth of crops are also strongly affected by dust deposition on the leaf surface. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of dust on growth and some physiological characteristics of three important crops in Azerbaijan, namely wheat C3 monocot (Triticum aestivum L.), corn C4 monocot (Zea mays L.) and chickpea C3 dicot (Cicer arietinum L.), a completely random experiment designed with three replications. Treatments included two levels of dust (zero and 10 grams of dust per m2), Application of dust for 3 days had no significant effect on wheat growth. Maize responded to this environmental pollution by increasing growth and chickpeas by decreasing growth. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased in chickpea leaves, increased in wheat and remained constant in corn. Dust increased the sugar content of corn and peas. Also, exposure to dust had little effect on the total protein content of wheat and corn, while the protein content of chickpeas showed a significant and clear decrease. Changes in the various parameters of the studied plant species can be considered as an adaptation to protect plants against dust stress. Corn and wheat seem to be more resilient, but chickpeas are stunted. Selecting a suitable crop species for cultivation in areas that receive a large amount of salty dust annually can be one of the important strategies to reduce the adverse effects of dust on the agricultural economy.

From the beginning of the Earth until now, humans have affected their environment more than anyother creature. With increasing population, water and soil constraints, and climate change, foodsupply has faced serious challenges. Among agricultural products, wheat is one of the most widelyused strategic crops in Iran and many countries in the world, which can be grown in hot and dryclimates with good yields. In Iran, about 10% of the demand for agricultural products is suppliedfrom Fars province. Fars province also has the second rank of wheat production among the provincesof Iran. This study intends to evaluate the suitability of lands in this province for dryland wheatcultivation. In the first step, climatic, soil and topographic data in the area of Fars province arereviewed and analyzed. In the next step, the information layers are entered into the GIS software andthe suitability map of wheat cultivation lands is determined using the VIKOR multi-criteria decisionanalysis method. The results of this study have shown that about 32% of the Fars province lands is inthe first and second rank of land suitability for wheat cultivation. Also, the distribution of suitableareas for wheat cultivation is higher in the western and northwestern regions of Fars province.

Introduction :

Rapid population growth and limited production resources, especially in the agricultural sector, have made the issue of food security one of the challenges in the world. One of the main goals of sustainable development is to end hunger, achieve food security and develop sustainable agriculture. But predictions indicate that this goal will be difficult to achieve. Thus, world hunger is increasing and the lives of many people are directly and indirectly dependent on agriculture.

Purpose of the research: 

one of the basic approaches to agricultural development and food needs is to increase the yield and productivity of agricultural products for this reason, the present study was conducted with the aim of analysis patterns and spatial and temporal changes in cereal yield (wheat and barley) in Iran during a 35-year period from 1983 to 2018.

This study is an applied research and methodologically descriptive-analytical. Data and information were collected in a library method. Gi statistic or hot spot analysis used to discover the spatial pattern of cereal production (wheat and barley) and to identify its focal points. Arc GIS software was used to analyze the data.

Geographical area of research: 

The study area in this study includes the entire political and geographical area of Iran except open waters. In the present study, three levels of national (Iran), provincial (31 provinces) and counties (429 counties) have been analyzed for spatial and temporal changes in cereal yield.

Findings and Discussion During the study period, Isfahan province had the highest decrease in wheat yield and Khorasan Razavi province had the highest increase in wheat yield. In barley, some provinces such as Mazandaran, Fars, Kerman and Bushehr had the highest decrease in yield and Khorasan Razavi province had the highest increase in barley yield.

The results of research at the national and provincial levels show an increase in cereal yield during the study period. Also, spatial analysis at the county level shows the formation of a cluster pattern with a concentrate on high cereal yields in some plain areas of Iran

Studies show that there are shortcomings in the deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the supply chain of agricultural products, especially in the field of quality control in the logistics sector, and researchers can model the existing theoretical gaps through modeling and optimization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify the most important categories affecting the deployment of the Internet of Things in the wheat supply chain storage sector and explain and mapping the relationship between these categories. For this purpose, the present article uses systematic review methodology and meta-synthesis method by searching Web of Science and Scopus citation databases. Then, the grounded theory coding procedures were used to determine categories and themes. Finally, the results of meta-synthesis lead to the identification and extraction of 3 macro categories; Internet of Things technology, the main category (IoT-based storage), and the results and consequences of Internet of Things deployment.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors of the economy because of its vital role in providing the people with the food they need and the main foundation for achieving food security. One of the most important supportive policies in the agricultural sector is guaranteed purchasing policy, and improving the process of guaranteed purchasing policy is one of the most important factors of success in achieving the goals of the agricultural sector. The present study seeks to design and validate an appropriate policy model for the purchase of guaranteed commodities (Case Study: Wheat). This study is applied in terms of purpose and has a mixed approach. In the qualitative phase, a model was designed by interviewing 14 executive and academic experts on the subject of guaranteed purchases of essential commodities, and in the quantitative phase, the model validity questionnaire was extracted. Data were analyzed in qualitative part through thematic analysis and in quantitative part through structural equation modeling. To validate the designed model, a researcher-made questionnaire including model subscales was distributed among executive and academic experts on the subject of guaranteed purchases of essential commodities. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity by face and content validity. The qualitative phase findings of the study indicate the identification of the categories of inputs, cycles, actors, contextual conditions and implications of the purchasing policy assurance system. The quantitative phase findings confirm the relationships between components of the structural model.

Drought is one of the most complicated disaster, its adverse effects on dryland agriculture are more pronounced than other sectors.. The aim of this study was to investigate the drought situation in the Simineh river basin watershed at four stations Synoptic Bukane, Mahabad, Miandoab and Saqez conditions for moisture content of wheat dried grapes in the four years 2007-2010 were analyzed and analyzed to determine the drought stress on the yield of wheat from the 22nd to the 43rd week in the light of the growth and development of rain fed wheat in the region The study was conducted weekly using Palmer's Moisture Index (CMI).. CMI results indicate that in the period of grain filling between 20May and 15June, there is a negative moisture drought index (CMI), which indicates the effect of drought on the performance of the wheat field. Drying plant is in good moisture conditions, but the stations of Bookan, Mahabad and The midsection is tense and the amount of moisture in 2010 is negative in all stations and the area is in severe drought.

Introduction:

Climate change will affect all sectors of the economy to some extent, but the agricultural sector may be the most sensitive and most vulnerable part because agricultural products are highly dependent on climate resources, And according to scientific evidence, future climate change, especially the combined effects of elevated temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, will have a significant impact on crops (droughts, floods, frosts) on crops( Chiottioud ,1995). The general effects of climate change on crop development vary depending on the plant and study area (Rawlins, 1991), and commenting on the response of different species to climate change requires case studies.

area of study The study area includes west and northwest of the country Uncovering Climate Change in Past Times Climatic data of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, 30-year historical rainfall (1988-2008) were obtained from 23 stations in the west and northwest of the country And Using two nonparametric tests Mann-Kendall and Estimator slop sen, the trend of precipitation and temperature changes was investigated in order to detect climate change phenomenon in the region. Generating climate scenarios in future periods To assess future climate change in the west and northwest of the country, the CCSM4 general circulation model under RCP4.5 scenario is one of a number of new RCP emission scenarios that the Climate Change Intervention Board will develop in its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) as representative of the linesVarious concentrations of greenhouse gases have been used Predictive model of wheat phenology and yield unctional and phenological data for three years (90-93) with 40 climatic parameters (Table 2) from seven stations (Zanjan, Arak, Sararood, Maragheh, Ghamloo, Ardabil and Orumieh) containing performance and phenology data Was prepared Then, using these data, performance and phenology in the baseline and future period were predicted through simple linear regression, multiple regression. The results consisted of 20 regression models The best model was selected based on R-squard index using RMSE.

February, March, September, and the year are at 99 percent confidence levels, while January, June, July and August are at 95 percent confidence levels. As well as total rainfall, both the upward and downward trends have a significant and decreasing trend at 95% confidence level only in January and March. Changes in temperature and rainfall in the coming period The results of climate change assessment at each of the stations in the future climate show that the mean maximum temperature in the future climate has increased at 14 stations compared to the previous climate and decreased at the other stations. The mean minimum temperature in the future climate has increased in all the stations except for Ghamloo and Sanandaj stations compared to the previous climate. Average temperature also increased at all stations except Ahar, Zarineh, Sarab and Ghomloo stations in all stations compared to past climates Average mean precipitation in all stations excluding sarpolzahab station in future climates It increases with the past climate Impact of Climate Change on Phenology nder the climate change, the length of the flowering stage of the wheat in the future climate will be shorter than in the previous climate, so that the flowering stage length in all the studied stations with the exception of Zarrineh station in the next period (2039-2018 ) Is shorter than the average long-term flowering stage of wheat. he mean flowering stage duration in the basal climate is 136 days, whereas the mean flowering stage duration in the future climate is 118 days, ie the average flowering stage duration in the future climate is 18 days short. Increasingly, the shortening of the flowering stage in future climates is due to the increase in average temperature in May and April and average maximum temperature in December. Impact of Climate Change on PerformanceUnder climate change, wheat grain yields will increase in future climates than in the past, so that at all stations with the exception of Mahabad station, wheat grain yield is higher than the long-term average in the past. verage wheat yield in the past climate was 1863.3 kg / ha but in the future climate it would be 2529.9 kg / ha. Wheat yields are up 35 percent due to the favorable future climate in the region.

tudies show that precipitation in the west and northwest region of the country during the past period has been decreasing and the temperature is increasing in most months of the year. And in the coming period the temperature in all months of the year until the end of 2039 shows an increase of 2.5 to 3.5 ° C. The flowering period is also 136 days for the previous period but 118 days for the next period shortening of flowering stage of wheat plant is due to increase in average temperature in May and April and average maximum temperature in December as well as increase in precipitation in December and February. Comparison of wheat grain yields of the current and past periods showed that wheat grain yields will increase by 35% in the future, due to the increase in average March and April temperatures and average January and March minimum temperatures. It also saw an increase in the average precipitation of February and March in the next period compared to the previous period.

In this study, the aim is to investigate the ability of remote sensing and satellite images to study the spectral changes of wheat and diagnose diseases and its stress in the Moghan plain area in Parsabad city. Achieving such a capability can be useful in prediction of diseases and pests, as well as preventing its spread and timely use of fungicides and pesticides. In order to achieve this goal, the spectral properties of wheat and other plants are studied using IRS and Landsat 8 satellites. Wheat plant has different species in which Attila and Koohi wheat are mostly cultivated in this region, and in this study, their spectral behaviors are considered. In this study, 146 ground control points were used, the highest percentage of the region in terms of the degree of stress to grade 2 and the lowest to the healthy class. After applying atmospheric and geometric corrections on satellite images; Bond ratios were used to identify the best band composition and separability of healthy classes and stress levels one, two, and three. To achieve this goal, different vegetation indices were used. Among the indicators, the GNDVI index was the most efficient and was able to accurately estimate 81% of the areas. Also, GVI index has the highest value of kappa coefficient and overall accuracy with 0.94 and 95.3, respectively, which indicates the high use of this index in grading wheat stress. This index also gave the most area to the degree of stress one.

Guaranteed purchase of wheat to achieve self-sufficiency and to support producers and consumers has been one of the policies implemented by the governments since the era of the first Pahlavi. But sometimes not only have those goals not been met, they have had disastrous consequences. World War II was one of the instances in which the government initiated a monopoly and guaranteed purchase of wheat from landowners and farmers to provide the people with the bread at a reasonable price. But in practice this policy was not implemented properly. The purpose of this article is to investigate the government’s exclusive and guaranteed purchase of wheat during World War II and to study the consequences of this policy. A descriptive-analytical approach is used for this purpose. The study argues that the exclusive purchase of wheat by the owners and farmers at cheap prices and selling it to the consumer at subsidized prices was in favor of the urban consumer and disadvantaged the rural producer and the government. Other consequences of this policy include hoarding wheat, prebuying, farmers’ reluctance to grow wheat, migration to cities, famine, high prices, dependence on foreign imports, and the government’s budget deficit.

Drought is one of the most complicated disaster, its adverse effects on dryland agriculture are more pronounced than other sectors.. The aim of this study was to investigate the drought situation in the Simineh river basin watershed at four stations Synoptic Bukane, Mahabad, Miandoab and Saqez conditions for moisture content of wheat dried grapes in the four years 2007-2010 were analyzed and analyzed to determine the drought stress on the yield of wheat from the 22nd to the 43rd week in the light of the growth and development of rain fed wheat in the region The study was conducted weekly using Palmer's Moisture Index (CMI).. CMI results indicate that in the period of grain filling between 20May and 15June, there is a negative moisture drought index (CMI), which indicates the effect of drought on the performance of the wheat field. Drying plant is in good moisture conditions, but the stations of Bookan, Mahabad and The midsection is tense and the amount of moisture in 2010 is negative in all stations and the area is in severe drought.

Today, climate change poses an environmental challenge to climate scientists, environmentalists, and politicians and governments. Whatever the scientific and theoretical view of climate change, even as a given phenomenon, one must be concerned about this. Because taking precautionary measures will make us safer than possible harm. In this regard, this study aimed to reveal the effect of climate change on dryland wheat calendar (Chamran cultivar) as a cultivated species in Khuzestan province. Precipitation data, minimum and maximum temperatures were sorted during the 1980–2010 climate. And after normalizing the data into the LARS-WG software environment .And its output was simulated by the LARS-WG model under the A2 emission scenario for the 2015-2045 climate period for the four parameters of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, radiation and precipitation. HADGCM2 model data from MarkSim output is also used for the next period (2030-2015) and (2030-2045). The results of this study showed that in the two 15-year periods 2015 to 2030 and 2030 to 2045 the minimum and maximum temperatures will increase according to all pessimistic and optimistic scenarios. This increase in March to April coincides with the harvest period more than other months. Precipitation in January, December and March will decrease in all scenarios. This decline will be more noticeable especially in the forecast period of 2015 to 2030 than in the forecast period of 2030 to 2045. In contrast, in November, February and April there will be an upward trend in all scenarios. Based on the combination of the two elements of temperature and precipitation predicted for the next two periods, all planting periods will have a harvest of 10 to 15 days.

In an agricultural system, crop production is related to climatic conditions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the impact of regional climate change on production ensures global food security. Wheat is one of the most strategic crops and examining different aspects of its production is a necessity of every agricultural community. According to studies, wheat production is affected by various variables including environmental, individual and social, economic and technological. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of these variables on changes in wheat production in different climates of Fars province. The required data were collected and analyzed through multi-stage random stratified sampling and 522 completed questionnaires through face-to-face interviews with farmers in the province. Farmerschr('39') attitudes were measured in the Likert scale and Cobb Douglas, Transcendental and Translog production functions were used to estimate the effect of variables. Results of comparing effective variables in three Cobb-Douglas, Transcendental and Translog functions; demonstrates the superiority of translog. From the perspective of the farmers of the province in the translog function, respectively; Soil moisture at planting time (0.692), effective rainfall during growing season (0.68) and at planting date (0.66), heat wave at harvest time (0.63), damaging rainfall (0.59) , Profit from wheat production (0.51), farmer education (0.49), soil quality (0.49) and cultivation method (0.49) with the coefficient of the mentioned criteria next to them; The most important factors explaining wheat production in Fars province. Independent variables in the translog function explain 92% of the changes in wheat production in Fars province.