جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "چراغ ها را من خاموش می کنم" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

condensed Discourse in words or text causes the formation of a semantic process, and this semantic process seeks to discover the mutual foundations and intertwining of signs with each other. Semantics considers the word as a coherent and meaningful collection in which there is a directed flow. Language also has different semantic angles, only a part of which emerges in the form of discourse, and it is necessary to get close to elusive meanings to reach the evolutionary stages of dynamic discourse, which this article tries to do by examining some of the stages of language evolution in Chirag's novel. Zoya Pirzad's work evaluates the elusive meanings in this novel with a descriptive-analytical method based on the study and analysis of data.Zoya Pirzad tries to force the active factors in the novel to move and dynamism with a gentle movement and deduce the desired result from it. The descriptive form of the novel has become the slowness of dynamic discourse and discourse transformation.

The presented paper is an attempt to investigate Zoya Pirzad's novel I Turn Off the Lights using a descriptive-analytical method based on Pierce's epistemology and semiotic method on the title of the novel and the names of prominent characters. This novel is a collection of Armenian and Latin letters. In the meantime, turning off the lights in the title of the novel with three selected and key names is a paradox; One is named Arshalus, Clarice's mother, “meaning dawn”, and the other is Parvin that is the only active and popular woman in the story “meaning bright star”, and Clarice's name “meaning bright”. All three women are mothers and belong to three traditional, modern and intermediate social types, respectively. Furthermore, all the three given names have the meaning of enlightenment. Like all mothers, they keep the lights of their family life on by sacrificing themselves. In addition, the name Artush, meaning "immortal", symbolizes the immortality of the patriarchal tradition, and the name Garnik, meaning "lamb" for the kind man in the story, symbolizes the author's feminist thoughts. Therefore, most of Pirzad's selected letters are appropriate to the actions and behavior of the characters. Featured letters are often of the Pierce profile type.

Peirce is known as one of the theorists in the field of semiotics, who has presented a threefold model for signing and provided the fundamentals for criticism on the basis of the denotative structure of literary works. Therefore, in this research, the names and titles in the novel I turn off the lights by Zoya Pirzad, a contemporary writer of our country are to be examined based on the semiotic system of Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914), a philosopher and the American linguist. To achieve this goal, the novel I turn off the lights will be considered as a basis for this research. Precisely, by dealing with the meaning of the characters’ names, the title of the novel, and examining them from the point of view of semiotics, the rate of appropriateness between the names and their characterization will be achieved. What emerges from the nomenclature and semantics of the characters’ name is the author's special attention to the names and their alignment with the purpose and actions of the characters.

The current research implements the descriptive-analytical method, and the basics of Peirce's semiotics to examine the title of the novel I turn off the lights and the names mentioned in it. Furthermore, in order to discover the connection between the title and its names with hidden concepts and purposes, a small step can be taken in the field of semiotics. In addition to that, to pave the way for researchers who are interested in this topic, and on the other hand, this research is a unique one for this novel considering that no research has been done on the semiotics of the novel I turn off the lights. Based on the triple semiotics of the names and the title I turn off the lights, it will reveal new horizons in front of the audience. This analysis can lead the readers to know more about the content of the story and provides the basis for a deeper understanding of the text.

This article tries to study Zoya Pirzad's novel I turn off the lights with a descriptive-analytical method based on Pierce's epistemology and relying on Pierce's semiotic method, the title of the novel and the names of prominent characters. This novel is a collection of Armenian and Latin letters. In the meantime, turning off the lights in the title of the novel with three selected and key names that form a paradox. One is named Arshalus, who is Clarice's mother, and carries the meaning of dawn. The other is Parvin, who is the only active and popular woman in the story, and means the bright star. The last character is Clarice's and her name means bright. All three women are mothers and belong to three traditional, modern, and intermediate social types, respectively. Furthermore, all three names have the meaning of enlightenment. Precisely, like all mothers, they keep the lights of their families’ life on by sacrificing themselves. Also, the name Artush, meaning "immortal", symbolizes the immortality of the patriarchal tradition, and the name Garnik, meaning "lamb" for the kind man in the story, symbolizes the author's feminist thoughts. Therefore, most of Pirzad's selected letters are appropriate to the actions and behavior of the characters. Featured letters are often of the Pierce profile type.

Followed by the investigations over the semiotics of the characters in the novel I turn off the lights, the following results were obtained:The title of the novel is closely related to its main character "Clarice". By selecting this name, Pirzad refers to the daily life and the duties of motherhood, wifehood, and housekeeping in Claris's life. This name is a metaphor for Clarice's silence and conscious silence in all situations that are ignored. The word "I" in the title shows the streaks of self-seeking and expressing my identity in Clarice. And finally, the most important point is that Clarisse overcomes her ambiguous feeling towards Emil, and this evokes extinguishing the sparks of her feelings, and finally, this title refers to the sacrifice of maternal desires, for the sake of clarity, staying is the light of family's wishes, and their desires. There is a paradox in the title of the novel (the blackout of the lamp) with its three characters who have the concept of light. More precisely, Archalos (mother of Claris) carries the meaning of dawn, Parvin Nurullahi which refers to one of the brightest stars in the sky, and Claris which means shining. These three names represent three classes of women. In other words, Archalos in the role of mother represents all traditional women in the society, Claris in the position of women who struggle between tradition and modernity, and Mrs. Parvin Nurullahi, who is active in women's rights and represents all the modern women in the society. The interesting point of this issue is that all three women with three different social types are mothers and all mothers keep the light of their family's life on by sacrificing their desires. And this mission has not changed with the change of social type. Pirzad's chosen names, as an Armenian writer, represents his language, ethnicity, and nationality. Most of his chosen names are related to Armenian culture. The accuracy in the names that the author has chosen for women indicates his consecration and special respect for them. Clarice, Elmira, Nina, Violet, Parvin, Archalos, etc. are all good names. Also, the choice of the name “Garnik” for the kind man of the novel and against the name of Artosh, as a representative of the patriarchal culture, shows his opposition to this culture and the influence of feminist ideas in him. Pirzad, in choosing the title "I turn off the lights" for the title of his book, like the naming of the characters in the novel, did not just choose a name, but the events of the story and the characters together. It has been stated that a special concept has been taken from these names which is completely appropriate to the atmosphere and process of the story. As a result, according to the previous material, the name for each of them is placed in a certain category of signs (iconic, indexical, and symbolic) and the classification of each of them along with the explanations given in the end of every analysis.

Cheraghha Ra Man Khamoosh Mekonam (I Will Turn off the Lights) is Zoya Pirzad's debut novel revolving on the theme of loneliness and the boredom ensuing from this loneliness. This research is a descriptive-analytical investigation of Zoya Pirzad’s Cheraghha Ra Man Khamoosh Mekonam concerning the narrative and its connection with the theme. The popularity and consecutive editions of the novel prompted us to evaluate this novel in terms of selection and appropriateness of elements such as narrator, point of view, focalization, order, duration and frequency and theme. Our main purpose is to explain the author's level of innovation in using fictional elements and to explain the relationship between narrative and theme of the novel. Due to the lack of dramatization of the text, the narrator mixes up the present time of narration with the time of occurrence of the events. The direct delivery of information to the audience is one of the signs of this fusion. The weakness of authorship is revealed in the construction of the narrative. The writer has also chosen a traditional narrative construction and finally created a simple and straightforward plot which has no sign of a new perspective. Exploring order, duration and frequency shows that the narrative of the novel is one of the classical and traditional narrative types. Due to the slow narrative pace, the author has not been able to represent the theme of the novel in a deep and artistic way.

This article employs an interdisciplinary approach which draws on theories and concepts from fiction and architecture to examine the perception of architectural spaces in literary fiction. It investigates the process through which the perception of home in fiction reveals certain aspects of fictional characters. This study utilises Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s  ‘Phenomenology of Perception’ and Juhani Pallasmaa’s ‘Architectural Phenomenology’ in its analysis of Zoya Pirzad’s I’ll Turn off the Lights. Through the lens of Phenomenology of Perception, it becomes evident that the identity of the main character, Clarice, is intertwined with her daily and continuous interactions with home and concepts associated with it. She finds a new identity as an integral part of home which leads to a dissolution where both she and others forget Clarice. However, she becomes aware of the events in the story and gradually takes steps toward self-realisation. By the end of the narrative, Clarice transcends the threshold, undergoes transformation, and attains an independent identity.

In his The Phenomenology of Perception, Maurice Merleau-Ponty thoroughly investigates the role of the body in spatial perception. Although the mind/body binary oposition has always been a matter of discussion among philosophers, Merleau-Ponty believes in their fusion which is why he investigates the body and its function in sensory perception. In accordance with interdisciplinary studies, which employ theories from a specific field to analyse another, we can employ the phenomenology of perception as a tool for literary analysis. As a result, one can investigate this relationship in fiction to reveal interesting information about characters and other elements of fiction.

This study draws upon Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s ‘Phenomenology of Perception’ and Juhani Pallasmaa’s ‘Architectural Phenomenology.’ Pallasmaa is a Finnish architect who employed Merleau-Ponty’s theories in his studies on architecture. In accordance with the phenomenology of perception, he investigated the role of the senses in studying a work of architecture. He emphasises the importance of ‘lived experience’ in relation to a work of architecture, which in this interdisciplinary study is approached as a work of literature.

This article is an analytical-descriptive study which employs the phenomenology of perception as a critical tool for its literary analysis. Zoya Pirzad’s I’ll Turn off the Lights provides the corpus of this study. The analytic data explored in this study are taken from library sources.

In the novel, the identity of Clarice and home are ‘intertwined.’ Clarice is the narrator and specifies our point of view. Not only does she narrate what she sees, but she also describes all that she perceives. She describes the smells which trigger odour-linked memories and synesthesia.
The way Clarice acts as well as her perception of home represents the correlation between the subject and the object. Clarice becomes one with home to the extent that she is able to perceive the events without the need to witness them. She knows home and sees and understands the events taking place in it through and through. Merleau-Ponty’s ‘Intentionality’ conceptualises similar events. Another concept addressed by Merleau-Ponty is ‘Habituation’ which happens in Clarice’s life and is among the reasons which make her special in her surroundings. However, after what happens to her in the story and her decision to pursue her true identity, she starts to notice things which she was unaware of before.
In architecture, ‘threshold’ is a place between inside and outside. It is a passage from one side to the other. To reach her self, Clarice must cross the threshold. Step by step, she walks her journey of self-discovery. By the end of the book, she walks past the threshold and reaches her self. Clarice is in a state of metamorphosis due to her interaction with her home in Abadan and separation from her paternal home in Tehran. She constantly remembers Tehran in a ‘nostalgic’ sense; this foreshadows her return to Tehran, which symbolises a return to her-self.

Investigating Clarice’s relationship with home and her process of perception show that she is submerged in her home and has forgotten about herself. Her daily interactions have made her a part of her home. A close reading of the text reveals  that her habituation is a result of her relationship with her home. Unlike others, she does not need her eyes to perceive the events of the home. She is one with her home. As a result of this fusion, she is neither seen nor appreciated in her home. To understand her self, she unconsciously evades home by going out, but she is so deeply attached to her home that she can not enjoy the outside world. Another representation of this separation is a change in the process of perception and connection with her home. Among Clarice’s loved possiessions, one can easily detect her vases beside windows. In architecture, a window is a threshold or a border between the outside and the inside worlds. To realise her self, Clarice must go beyond the threshold. Her negligence toward the broken vases symbolises her detachment from her home. In the end, her decision to go to Tehran symbolises her moving beyond the threshold toward her self.

Literary works are one of the most important tools for understanding the position of women in society. In the last decade, due to the change in the social, cultural and economic structure of societies and the rising level of women's awareness, women writers have critically expressed the social status and role of women and called for a fundamental change in people's attitudes and revision of patriarchal interpretations of literary texts. Have been. Zoya Pirzad and Qamar Kilani are writers who, with their knowledge of the situation of women in the society of their time, have written stories centered on women. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on the American school of comparative literature to analyze and compare the personalities of traditional and modern women in the novels "aldawwama" by Qamar Kilani, a contemporary Syrian author, and "I turn off the lights." Zoya Pirzad pays. The works of these two contemporary writers are a manifestation of their realism and realism, which expresses many social events in both Syrian and Iranian societies. These two authors portray the character of traditional women with characteristics such as housekeeping, gender roles, passivity against the patriarchal system, and citizenship of traditional traditions. Violation of traditional traditions has been described.

The present article addresses the fundamental question of how the house chronotope, as a device for the analysis of text, opens up new interpretive possibilities. Basically referring to the continuum of time and space in literature and art, chronotope implies that time and space are not merely temporal and spatial categories but signify and have values attached to them. Following a descriptive-analytical method, the article has two sections: the first describes and defines the basic elements of the conceptual framework shaping Bakhtin’s discussion of chronotope, and the second examines Zoya Pirzad’s novel I Turn off the Lights in the light of the house chronotope. Moreover, the living room and kitchen chronotopes are examined in connection with the house chronotope (as the basic chronotope of the story). The article also shows that in the novel’s plot and interpretation, the house chronotope establishes a significant interaction with other important chronotopes, i.e., the threshold and encounter chronotopes. The article aims to demonstrate that the house chronotope reveals the characters’ mentalities and inner states by providing a proper space for the occurrence of events, and these events are expressed via temporal signs. Extended Abstract 1.IntroductionThe present article seeks to analyze the house chronotope in Zoya Pirzad’s I Turn off the Lights (Cheragh-ha ra Man Khamoush Mikonam) based on Bakhtin’s theory of literary chronotope. We will discuss how chronotope can serve as a tool for the analysis of the text, and will show the different ways in which it can be of help to the critic in analyzing a text. The house chronotope is of great importance in Pirzad’s novel, playing an important role in how the story develops. We have drawn upon Bakhtin’s definitions of different chronotopes and tried to identify their similarities in order study the house chronotope in this novel. 2.Theoretical Framework Chronotope is the interdependence among temporal and spatial relations, arranged through an artistic expression. In a literary or artistic work, different chronotopes and their complicated relationships can be identified. In this relationship, time and space do not exist independently and through specific instances of them, the experiences of characters can be defined in specific times and places. Therefore, it is through this relationship that a specific text offers a meaning to its creator or its readers. 3.MethodologyA qualitative study, the present article follows the descriptive-analytical methodology. Bakhtin’s theory of chronotope has been used here as a tool for the analysis of Pirzad’s I Turn off the Lights. The data was collected using the library sources. 4.Discussion and AnalysisThe house chronotope has been the basis for our analysis of Pirzad’s I Turn off the Lights. Throughout the story ‘house’ is referred to as a place that connotes various meanings, providing us with the possibility of analyzing different layers of the narrative in this novel. The everyday activities of the protagonist and her monologues occur within this chronotope, representing different aspects of her identity. Moreover, the relationship between this chronotope and other important chronotopes has been discussed in this article. 5.Conclusion In this novel, Pirzad strikes a balance between Clarice’s mental life and her inner life, thus making the arrangement of narration in the house chronotope possible. The representation of Clarice’s outer actions in this chronotope enables the reader to read into her mind. Pirzad creates the text based on her specific temporal and spatial conditions, while the readers recreate it based on their own spatial and temporal conditions. In other words, the chronotope turns into a tool for understanding the ways in which the spatial-temporal structures of the novel represent an independent world, the interpretation of which relies on the relationship between two worlds: the world of the text and the world of the meta-text. Select BibliographyPirzad, Z. 1380 [2001]. Cheragh-ha ra Man Khamoush Mikonam. Tehran: Markaz.Bakhtin, M. 1981. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Michael Holquist (ed.). Caryl Emerson and Micheal Holquist (trans.). Astin: University of Texas Press.Bakhtin, M. 1990. Art and Answerability: The Early Essays of M. M. Bakhtin. V. Liapunov and K. Brostrom (trans.).Texas: University of Texas Press.Bakhtin, M. 1993. Toward a Philosophy of the Act. V. Liapunov and M. Holquist (trans.). Texas: University of Texas Press.Bemong, N. and Borghart, P. (eds.). 2010. Bakhtin’s Theory of the Literary Chronotope: Reflections, Applications, Perspectives. Ghent: Academic Press. pp. 3-16.Heynes, D. J. 2002. “Bakhtin and the Visual Arts.” In: Smith, P. and C. Wilde (eds.). A Companion to Art Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 292-302.Holquist, M. 2002. Dialogism: Bakhtin and His World. London: Routledge.Keunen, B. 2000. “Bakhtin, Genre Formation, and the Cognitive Turn: Chronotopes as Memory Schemata.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 2/2: 1-15.Morson, G. S. and Emerson, C. 1990. Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Standford: Standford University Press.

Nowadays feminism and views on women are key issues regarding social sciences as well as other various cultural subjects. This matter is considered prominent in literary fiction, especially in female writers’ works. Zoya Pirzad is one of the most successful figures in literary fiction. She has contemplated women as a key axiom in her two novels and has written about women’s world with feminine thoughts, ideologies and styles to represent different features of womanhood. The main goal in this article is to study women’s identity and feminine features in Pirzad’s novels of “We Will Get Used to It” and “Things We Left Unsaid”. The writer has investigated woman and her identity in the aforementioned novels through library research and investigating sociology and other interdisciplinary sciences. The results show that Pirzad has illustrated women’s identity based on various dimensions of feminine features in her two novels. Women of these two novels are examples of regular women in the community that are to find their own identities and their different feminine features in order to improve and transform their characteristics.

This paper has probed the novel “I Will Turn off the Lights” from critical stylistics point of  view . The hidden ideology of this story in addition to the tools which assist to discover them has been sought by the researcher. Regarding the above-mentioned points, the researcher is trying to reveal the patriarchal atmosphere of the story and the fact that the discourse of power belongs to the male. Women’s enlightenment and improvement of their social condition is the aim of this paper and the purpose of this study is applying critical stylistics as a new method in stylistic studies in Persian-language literature. A close reading and literary analysis will be specific methods of data analysis in this article. This study has been done based on layer method which firstly probed external textual layers then analyzed internal ones included micro layers like focalizer, focalized character, focalization continuity, frequency, duration, space, order, contrast, polarity, modality, physical codes and symbols, Figures of speech and Labeled words. The analysis of micro layers discovers the hidden ideology of this novel. Applying various contextual layers helped the researcher to determine the dominant ideology of this work. The extracted result from the analysis of the text confirms the researcher`s assumption that, there is a patriarchal atmosphere and violence against women that lead them to passivity and silence and emphasises finding a job and cooperation in social activities for women as the first step to confront this patriarchy.

The novel”I turn off the lights”, Zoya Pirzad’s first novel,an Armenian_Iranian writer who has attracted the attention of literary critics and experts from various perspectives. In this novel, the narrator,Kalris Ayvazian,who is the main character of the story, tells the story of her life during her life and residence in Bavardeh Abadan.The narrative of her story is examined and analyzed based on the narrative perspective of Gerard Genet. Gerard G offers .main areas for novel and narrative analysis includes: narrative sound,narrative time and centralization that each of these . axes are divided into smaller sections. In this novel,Zoya Pirzad places the narrator in the position of the main character of the story and in the heart of the narrative. The narrator of the story is the narrator within an event that tells the events of the story in the past tense. The time of narration in a novel is post_event narration,a kind of narrative in which the person narrates the events that took place in the past,the narrator describes it now in the present. In the novel in question,because the narrator herself is the main character of the story and is at the heart of the story ،Her narration is on par with the level of the story itself,and based on this,the level of narration in this novel is the level within the story.The story has an internal focus and because their story is told in the language of a character , the story has a constant inner focus.

Misogyny is a universal phenomenon defined as the hatred of women manifest in the social and cultural practices and in the rites, rituals and literature of different societies. It is seen in the literary works of men who portray unrealistic images of women. In these works, women are either angels or devils. Women who live as sacrificial and obedient daughters, wives and mothers, are angels. Women who look for their identity outside the family are portrayed as devilish. These images have been repeated throughout history because writers are usually men and women have been excluded from the canon of literature. It is not easy for a female writer to be accepted in a society governed by male values and norms. This could explain why in these societies, some female writers, affected by dominant male discourses, write against women. The present study aims to show that female writers can unconsciously make traditional roles look attractive to women. In literature of this kind, women’s role is restricted to finding a husband, doing chores around the house and raising children. This places women who are the main characters, in a position inferior to men. 

The present study is descriptive and quantitative, using library sources and content analysis to perform a case study of two novels: I’ll Turn off the Lights and Pride and Prejudice. The study critiques the novels as examples of misogynist literature. It is based on Clausio Guillen’s theory of the French school of comparative study and interdisciplinary studies. According to Guillen, when reading literature, one has to free oneself from the dominance of one’s ethnicity and to be able to relate the local to the universal. 

Misogyny is not an individual phenomenon but a social construction deeply rooted in patriarchy. In this social structure, women accept the misogynist discourse and learn to hate themselves. Misogyny internalizes in women the feeling of hatred towards their own sex. As Johnson observes, misogyny “plays a complex role in patriarchy. It fuels men’s sense of superiority, justifies male aggression against women... In fact, women won’t tend to see patriarchy as even problematic since the essence of self-hatred is to focus on the self as the sole cause of misery” (Johnson, 2005:64). Misogyny is rooted in patriarchy. This word refers to power relations in a system where women are subordinated to men. As Juliet Mitchell observes, patriarchy is a kinship relation between men in which women are exchanged as commodities (Mitchell, 1971:24). Sylvia Walby believes that patriarchy shows biological differences between men and women as gender differences and thus gives different social roles to men and women (Walby, 1990:20). In patriarchy women cherish negative feelings towards each other. Horizontal hostility is the phrase used to describe this feeling. Moane states that horizontal feeling is the expression of anger and negative feelings which target the oppressed instead of the oppressor. (Moane, 2000, 401). Julia Penelope also observes that in patriarchal societies women do men’s job for them by exercising horizontal hostility and thus guarantee their victimization” (Penelope, 1992:60). According to Adrienne Rich, patriarchy has always stressed the relation between mothers and sons and has ignored the mother/daughter relationship because this relation is a threat to the patriarch system (Rich, 1968: 226). Both mother and daughter are sacrificed in this system. Rich adds that when a mother is victimized, she is not the only one who is humiliated: the daughter also receives severe damages because her mother is a role model to her. The mother’s hatred of herself and her low expectations of life prevent the girl from becoming a mature person (Rich, 1986: 243).  One similarity between Pride and Prejudice and I’ll Turn off the Lights written by two female writes in two different historical periods and geographical places is jealousy and hostility between female characters. In Pride and Prejudice, all women have negative feelings for each other except for Elizabeth and Jane. This is also true about I’ll Turn off the Lights where there is no friendship between women but only hostility. The other similarity is that both novels cherish romantic notions about marriage. As Nicole Gast observes, marriage could improve the social status of women. This is why the aim of education for women was attracting the attention of a man who could become a husband (Gast, 2005:4). Edward J. Ahrean also points out that Pride and Prejudice  marks the beginning of the bourgeois system. This throws new light on marriage in the novel. Marriage is seen as way to survive in its crudest sense (Ahearn,1989: 33). The other common point between the novels is the superiority of male characters to female characters. In I’ll Turn off the Lights, the difference between men and women which has social and cultural reasons is related to their biology and essence. It looks quite natural that Claris is always cooking and cleaning. That Artoosh is either discussing politics or reading the newspapers or playing chess is made to look natural and a man’s job. The novel approves of and emphasizes gender roles and thus separates the world of men from the world of women. Artoosh is an intellectual man who knows politics but Claris has to only cook and clean. The novel is written by a female writer about women but this female world is replete with jealousy and competition between women and is compared with the world of men which is superior to this world. In Pride and Prejudice, women are also involved in horizontal hostility. There is negative feeling between mother and daughters and sisters. Two Bennett daughtres bring shame and disgrace upon the family while no male characters does anything disgraceful. 

The similarities between Pride and Prejudice and I’ll Turn off the Lights which are written in two different countries divided by a time span of 200 years is the negative feeling of female characters for each other and their positive feeling for the male characters. In both novels the central character is a women but this woman is incomplete without a man. This is why she has a romantic attitude towards marriage. The women in these novels do not have a friendly relation with their mother and have competitive relations with their sisters. Both novels deal with female issues and have been praised as literary masterpieces and radical novels. A close study of these novels, however, shows that the attitude of the texts towards women is disapproving. These novels reflect patriarchal mindset which makes misogynists out of men and women alike. In these novels, women target each other instead of actual target. They cannot form real bonds of friendship with their own sex, see men as their superior and compete for male attention. Although Jane Austen and Zoya Pirzad have chosen female characters as their heroines, they have only repeated the dominant patriarch discourse. They have written about the superiority of men, lack of understanding in women, and women’s need for economical and emotional support. In these novels, women are entrapped in network of jealousies and prejudices but men occupy higher positions in spite of their minor roles. Female characters are acknowledged only as daughters, wives or mothers and have no identity outside the family. They develop negative feelings for themselves and in order to attract the attention of male characters compete and fight against each other. Elizabeth and Claris have both negative feelings for their mother and sisters, have very high evaluations of their fathers, and consider marriage to or love for a man as a way to salvation. None of these characters are strong or independent. In the 21st century, Zoya Pirzad repeats the passive and conservative attitude Jane Austen had 200 years ago, writing more in appreciation of the opposite sex. It could be then concluded that although the writers and main characters of these novels are women and the subjects are the lives and experiences of women, in reality they propound reactionary, conservative and misogynist attitudes. In spite of the 200 years timespan between the novels, the contemporary Persian writer has not moved one step forward.                                             

Social issues have long been considered by poets and writers as one of the most important concerns of every committed person in their society. Women writers have also paid particular attention to the social situation around them, especially to women's issues. In their works, they often focus on women's lives and issues to express their attitudes toward women and their status in society. As a realist writers, Zoya Pirzad has devoted all her efforts to express the details of women's lives and to represent the cultural and social issues in society. The study concluded that social issues such as poverty and exposure were well reflected in these two ways. Some women have a relatively good standing in the family and in society, and they are treated with humiliation and injustice. Women's tendency to social deviation is also higher than men's.

when women were opening their social status,women,s work was published and this move eventually led to the feminist movement.in this study after the introduction of feminist literary criticism and its objectives the persian modern novel from two authers reviewed on the base of this method.in this review these results were obtained:both of the novel have a feminist style ,BAMDAD-E- KHOMAR while present the patriarchal attitude,confirms that attitude and despite having a feminine style feature,it can not be called a work of feminsst.CHERAGHHA MAN KHAMUSH MIKONAM , IN THIS novel author with the full khnowledge uses a feminine style features also this work present feminine attitude,s author towards society and women.and despite the in different to political and social issuse. it is belived that change in women,s iives..and despite the in different to political and social issuse. it is belived that change in women,s iives.and despite the in different to political and social issuse. it is belived that change in women,s iives.

The review and analysis of Persian literary works in terms of their language and gender is a relatively new issue which needs extensive research. The first theories on the issue were proposed by Robin Lakoff in his famous article "language and woman's place" which made a great development in sociolinguistic studies. For the first time, he proclaimed that men's language is different from that of women. His theories mostly suggested that manly tone dominates the language. In Iran, women's entrance into social and cultural atmospheres is of little record. Regarding the fact that women were not regarded the audience and readers of literary works, that men mostly wrote for men and manly language was regarded the best one in the past, we should wait to see whether women can create a language proper to the gender of their protagonists at the time when they have found an opportunity to enter into the field of writing novels and have written great novels so far. Zoya Pirzad is a contemporary female novelist who has attained a proper position among other novelists and received the rewards of PEKA (Institute for distribution of Iran's books) and Hooshang Golshiri Foundation for her novel as the best novel of the year and the reward of the book of the year from Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance etc. for writing some novels, particularly the novel "I will turn off the light". Due to the position of this female novelist and her famous novel among contemporary novelists, the present paper seeks to review the aforementioned novel and study the dialogs of its protagonists in terms of language and gender in order to evaluate her success in this regard. The results show that she has been successful in many cases and has gone beyond linguistic norms in terms of dealing with issues specific to genders. However, she has failed in some cases, particularly in dealing with colors.

Iranian women activity in infancy is a new motion. But they could show their social, cultural, emotional and political perturbations in their work (novels and stories). The aim of This study is inquiry women's issues such as patriarchy, alone and Helpless, be encircled at home, humiliation, silence and peace, become routine, the Identification and constraints of marriage and causes of these problems in their  life in the novel " ChraghHa ra man khamosh mikonam and " adat mikonim "of Zoya Pirzad. This research led to the fact that women Pirzad works in personal and social life, with issues They are dealing with these issues is significant.Some adopted a passive mode and with patience in the face of difficulties switched bow liks women that arezo meet them in the bus and some admirable determination and perseverance in seeking to resolving the problems of individual and social life like arezo in"adat mikonim" and mis norollahi in"ChraghHa ra man khamosh mikonam”. The main result of this study is that social and cultural issues, traditional and patriarchal society attitude towards women Despise  is the major cause of problems in lifes Pirzad womens stories. These women are often weak and dependent on men, and if they believe things just to get things done within the limitations. only reaction stories women (exsept few cases)  to the lifs problems and obstacles, is silence and silence.

Based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s point of view، the Dialogism، novel، more than anything else، is a linguistic phenomenon، which has a fair correlation between its genuine and its feature of heteroglossia. Language expresses the different social and ideological approaches of the utterances within a translinguistics framework. So the novel compiles all of these diverse social and ideological discourses and utterances. Different Character zones and discourses of the narrator، and embedded genres create a world of different voices and ideologies. From a feminist critique perspective (Gyno criticism)، the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam (I turn off the lights)، applies social and cultural differences in different discourses to indicate the writer’s womanly standpoint through various social languages and utterences، and therefore، makes grounds for the promotion of the womanly voice in a multi-linguistic system. Here، through a descriptive-analytical method، we are going to study the “Heteroglossia” feature in the novel Cheraghha ra Man Khamush Mikonam written by Zoya Pirzad in the light of Bakhtin’s dialogism، and also from the Gyno criticism point of view، to analyze the diversity of discourses in this womanly novel. In this novel، the womanly awareness is indicated by the writer، the double-voiced discourse consists of the writer’s double-voice discourse and that of the narrator، embedded genres and the Character’s zones display the different social and cultural levels available، which also result in the appearance of a womanly world in the novel.