جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "najib mahfouz" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

The prominent aim of the current research is to investigate the dominant social theme-centered cognitive metaphors which are used in "Ayenehaye Dardar" by Houshang Golshiri and "Al- Less Wal-Kelab" by Najib Mahfouz, who are two realist authors who have reflected social conditions in their works. The theoretical foundation of the addressed study is the theory of conceptual metaphor in cognitive semantics, which has elevated metaphor from a merely aesthetic means to an approach for cognition and contemplating. This study, adopting qualitative and quantitative analysis method with a comparative eastern European school, strives to answer this question that how and how frequent common social themes used by Houshang Golshiri and Najib Mahfouz in their two novels are conceptualized. The findings of the study imply that dealing with social matters, especially love, women, humanism, tendency to the past, social environment of the two authors, and subjectivism are among similarities between the two authors which are conceptualized in the form of conceptual metaphor. In these two novels, the ontological and structural metaphors have a high frequency, but the directional one is fewer seen.

The emotional system is one of the discourses that is examined in the frameworkof the sign semantic model. in this system, the flow of means production is linked to perceptual sensory conditions of the passoniate and the signs- meanings are transformed into dynamic and muitydimensional forms. In this regard, the purpose of the present study is to explain the role of the mentioned process in the style of the passoniateˈs presence  and the evoluation of discours conditions, based on the method of the sign- semantic discourse ,while explaining the emotional process of the story “Al-less va  Al-kelb “. Findings show, in the story of Al-less and Al-kelab, the emotional system is based on passions. The emotions and passions in the novel, of which anger and despair are the most prominent, have created the emotional system of discourse based on a meaningful and logical flow. The occurrence of two events in a passionate life, betrayal of loved ones and failure to avenge betrayers, has played an important role in transforming the discourse by influencing emotions, as well as, fundamentally changing the text. In the initial partes of the text, the emotion of anger while causing a continuous and dynamic presence of passion, cause the value of revenge in the discourse. In the final partes, the feeling of despaire leads to isolation and passionate absence from the scene of events and the value funection of the text has changed from revenge to surrender.

The advice of the human being and the human being, and the human being, has the work, and is in the light of the relevance of the recklessness and the abstract of the universal. Any admiration can be rendered to the extent and a month. This article examines the character typology of the hero and anti-hero in Najib Mahfouz's novel Bein al-Qasserin. Hornay as a revisionist specialist in Freudian psychoanalysis; It has either completed or revised the concepts of Freud's theory. Horne's view of personality, like other personality theorists, is a reflection of his personal experiences. From his point of view, the methods and tricks that a person resorts to in order to stay safe lead to the creation of three personality types; He becomes affectionate, superior, and isolated.

The research method is descriptive-analytical.

The main hero of Bin al-Qasreen's story is Seyyed Ahmed Abdul Javad, who is the only male head of the family and does not utter any words except commands and prohibitions and cursing. By giving the name Sid to this person, the author has well evoked his character for the reader. Therefore, different types of his personality can be seen throughout the novel.

Najib Mahfouz, the creator of the novel Between the Palaces, is a realistic story writer and refers to the realities of society and the spiritual, political-social, and intellectual crisis and their impact on people's psyche. He tries to depict the dark personal and social corners of Egyptian society amid the uproar caused by alien colonization; Therefore, he expressed the prevailing atmosphere in the society and criticized the superior personalities. According to him, the Egyptian society has still preserved its traditional form and many examples of patriarchy and humiliation of children, bullying and tyranny can be seen in the society.

In the late 20th century, new historicism based on the ideas of an American thinker Steven Greenbelt replaced the traditional critical approaches in literary studies. In new historicism, literary texts are treated as historical texts: if history is a kind of narrative, then narratives are the same kind of historical texts, hence it is referred to history text and text history. In new historicism, there is no boundary between history and literature, and readers can re-read the texts to discover the hidden layers behind the original text. Sometimes political and social restrictions deny the author the freedom of expression forcing him to use another way to express his intentions. Najib Mahfouz encoded language in his novels to express social realities and reinforce the spirit of anti-colonialism against the authoritarian policies of the rulers. In Aabaso Al-Aqdar, he used the ancient history of Egypt as a pretext to express nationalist and anti-colonial ideas. This study examines the hidden layers of the novel from a new historicist angle.

Comparative literature is a branch of literature that compares the literary works of different nations. This article seeks to compare the letters of two famous writers of the world. Romantic Gibran Khalil Gibran and realist Antoine Chekhov have exchanged letters with their desired women, which are in the field of confessional literature. In order to cross the narrow national borders, this essay is interested in comparative comparison and has extended these correspondences to the cultural context in which the authors were born. In the shadow of this generalization, only the concept of love and woman in their thought is not enough; Rather, in a more comprehensive view, relying on the literary literature, the societies in which these two lived have been compared. Gibran Khalil Gibran and Antoine Chekhov regard the beloved as sacred; But the extent of the effect of love is different in their view. This difference has a reason for which it is necessary to examine its true root in the context of their lives and circumstances.

Developmental structuralism in the sociology of literature is one of the new branches in contemporary literary research that sociologist and literary philosophers such as Lucien Goldman and his intellectual leader, George Lukács, have relied on this axis, and according to it, the dialectic of the attitude governing the author and the historical, social space Along with political economy, generalist criteria are proposed in terms of developmental structuralism and literary sociology.
Naftah al-Masdoor by Zaydari Nesavi is one of the important literary works and a part of historical and social documents in Persian literature, which has survived since the 7th century, coinciding with the end of the Khwarezmshah era and the beginning of the Mongol era. The works of Najib Mahfouz, the famous Egyptian writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, are also about the type of social life of contemporary people and It is the rule of foreigners over his country and economic and cultural poverty.
In the current research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and research based on the comparative school, the comparative analysis of the works of Zaydari Nesavi, especially Nafetha al-Masdur and Najib Mahfouz, has been discussed with Goldman's structuralist view. The results of the research show that Zaydri Nesvi and Najib Mahfouz were not indifferent to the social, political and economic issues of the society of their time in their works and they tried to reach the realities of the society by showing the social

Sociology of text is a branch of the social approach of literary criticism that occurred in the twentieth century. While relying on the literary text, the sociology of text seeks to fill the gaps that the audience encounter in the literary work and its relation to society, whether in the cultural, social, or political spheres. The new novel, especially the realistic one, illustrates and immortalizes the pains and crises that human beings suffer from and face over time. Khan al-Khalili is one of Najib Mahfouz's most famous realistic novels, depicting his life and social reality, as well as the cultural and political aspects of the Egyptian nation during the First and Second World Wars. Since this novel is valuable as a book full of historical and sociological information and helps the reader to get a general idea about those lived conditions, this paper aims at using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on the social nature of criticism and analysis to study its text. Reading narrative voices, an ideological discourse of the characters, and studying the obvious settings of the novel are important topics investigated in this article. One of the most important results is that the different voices and ideas in the novel are sometimes similar, sometimes contradictory, and sometimes reach that point of ambiguity which indicates the disorder and chaos in Egyptian society and social, cultural, and political systems. Moreover, the novel Khan al-Khalili did not take anything away from the social life of that period and it can be said: the aesthetics of this novel lies in the way of expressing problems, crises, and lived realities while preserving its literary aspects at the same time.

Writers ,aware of the capacities of the field of non-verbal communication,have sought to convey tangible ideas and emotions,and have focused on the discursive and personalization of their works. This type of communication involves conveying concepts and messages through facial expressions,body movements,gestures,acoustic sounds,and even artifacts and the way people dress. In the present paper,through an interdisciplinary and descriptive-analytic overview,reflections on nonverbal actions and their major functions,including the affirmative, substitutive,complementary,and discursive function in the noble work of Zaqaq al-Madiq(1911- 2006),Egyptian writer examined And explains how the author has succeeded in promoting non-verbal actions in the process of communicating characters and conveying concepts. The result of the research shows that in this work, Mahfouz uses the capabilities of non-verbal communication in order to better convey the purpose of fictional characters and the truthfulness of their actions. In this story,laughing, looking and frowning as facial behaviors,bodybuilding movements,tone and silence as exemplary instances play an important role in shaping the process of communicating and transmitting messages. They are often of a succession type. In this article,it was found that the author uses meaningful silence to induce concepts such as satisfaction, perplexity, thinking, pleasure, mystery and so on.

Cohesion is marked as the prime criterion of seven-fold standard criteria that proves text comprehensively. Cohesion causes textual continuity via some tools and parallelism in which the parallelism factor entails basics (i.e., musically and grammatically) and interpretations (i.e., grammatically). The current article aims to focus on this factor with specific emphasis on these two arrangements. To follow the aim, we discussed the issues in Ashoor Al-Naji story. Following descriptive-analytical method, we underlined the prominent effect of society on the author's writing style; hence we also employed social critique analysis. The significance of the study was the notable influence of parallelism in the story, while the factor has been left unattended. In fact, the author applied parallelism at various levels in order to create regular rhythm or syntax. Indeed, textual components remain in readers' memory in virtue of parallelism factor. As a result, the author connected the textual components with each other and enhanced the impacts on readers' mind. In conclusion, this article discussed the parallelism role in this story accompanied basics and interpretations arrangements. Although we cannot ignore the importance of the basics in the story, the interpretations demonstrated more pronounced influences. The implication is that the author employed interpretations technique to organize syntactic interpretations and to achieve cohesion.

Rural life has always had the distinctive features. These features have been more colorful in the past than they are today. Among these characteristics were the existence of two important and determining aspects of the master (owner and landlord) and the peasant. In the past, the master has played a crucial role in the life of the peasans, but today this relationship has largely diminished. The relationship between the two has always been of interest to writers in fiction, and Arabic and Persian fiction have not been excluded. Two Egyptian and Iranian writers, Najib Mahfouz, and Ahmad Mahmoud, in the stories of Al-Jabbar from the collection of stories “The World of God” and “Conflict” in the collection of stories “Pilgrims in the Rain”, have been studied as the oppression of the master on the peasant. This common theme has created common structural and content features between the two stories, and of course, there are differences between the two works due to the differences in the style of storytelling and the different cultural geographies of the two authors. In this paper, the similarities and differences between the two stories were discussed and analyzed. The general conclusion of this paper is that in these two stories, the structural aspects of both personality and narrative are influenced by the content of the Lord's relationship. Naturally, the stylistic independence of the two authors also gives rise to some differences between the two stories.

An analysis of a novel is one of the ways that enables the reader to understand the content of a story in a full scale way. Generally, in each analysis, principles and frameworks are presented that relate to the mind and sense of the speakerThe research method is to identify of five pieces at different intervals from beginning to the end of the story and each piece is analyzed in five steps according to what is presented in John Pack's style. Then, in the sixth and seventh stages of different aspects of the text, author, reader and the world as well as the views of other critics are examined. So after selecting of specific parts and then analyzing them, It is concluded that in John Peck's way, due to understand of general aspects of the story through the details of the text, it is inductively analyzed, then the whole story is examined. In this type of analysis, befor analyzing overall into story, pay attention to the delicacies and details within the story, so the art of the author and the better result are revealed. Another feature of this approach is to pay attention to the contradictions in the selected passages which besides examining of the quadratic dimensions of the text and the opinions of other critics, are the final complement to criticism and analysis

Magical realism is a new method in fiction. In this method the author uses the technique of magic and fantasy that mixed with reality. Najib Mahfouz and Gholam Hussein Saedi are the pioneers of this style. One Thousand and One Nights and Mourners of Bayal are examples of magical realism method. This paper attempts to examine these stories. Magic and fantasy، myth and the duality of the two stories are common. But Sufism and familiarization are special of the story thousand nights and night and Noise and odor and descriptions expressionism and surrealism are special of Mourners Bayal. Therefore، the study of magical realism in the fiction of the nights thousand nights and night Written by Najib Mahfouz and Mourners of Bayal written by Gholam-Hussein Saedi the both can be considered successful in Persian and Arabic fiction literatures. Although the two elements of magic and illusion in terms of quantity and quality is the most used in Najib Mahfouz story. But the symbolism of duality has been used more and more tangible in the story Mourners of Bayal.