ازدواج

AbstractAlthough marriage is a personal matter and one of the significant dimensions of social and human development, its economic aspect, particularly the provision of adequate accommodation, is regarded as a critical and fundamental factor in the stability and success of couples. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the economic and social factors, such as housing prices, that influence marriage and the formation of households, especially youthful households. This research investigates the impact of housing prices on marriage in Iran using the ARDL method and time series data from 1990 to 2021. The findings suggest that the marriage rate is significantly and negatively influenced by the real housing price, unemployment rate, and education level. Conversely, the marriage rate is significantly and positively influenced by the ratio of the urban population to the total population and the real GDP. In this study, the variables that had the greatest impact on marriage were housing price, urbanization, and education.

This article examines the decision-making framework for separation and divorce among Tehran residents from the perspective of life course theory. The research method used in this study is survey-based, using a questionnaire to collect data. The statistical population includes all eligible women and men living in Tehran in 2022, and the sample size is 630 eligible residents of Tehran (men and women) who were randomly selected from each of the 22 districts of Tehran. To clarify the subject matter, theories of marriage, roles and role strain were used. The results show that the decision to separate or divorce is influenced by three stages of a couple's life cycle; in the first stage of family life, which is the stage of acquaintance and compatibility of the couple (38%), the second stage, which is the middle stage of family life, characterized by the stability of married life (28%), and the final stage of the life cycle of married life, characterized by the inconsistent requirements of life and the emergence of the estrangement process (30%), all have an impact on the couple's decision to separate.

Today, many countries in the world face the cognitive demographic challenges of decreasing birth rates and delaying marriages, which can lead to aging populations and labor shortages. Iran is one of the countries affected by these developments. The aim of this study is to identify and examine effective policies that promote marriage and increase birth rates globally. The findings and analyses obtained can serve as a valuable resource for encouraging marriage among younger generations and increasing birth rates in our country. The collection of this data is a systematic review that includes reputable academic research, government publications, and statistical databases from countries that have succeeded in this global challenge that has addressed the subject over the past decade. Based on the information collected, it can be said that financial concerns such as pay increases, tax deductions for families, and care for children with working parents, as well as social support programs such as generous leave for parents, housing priority for couples, and marriage promotion, were identified with the help of initiatives such as social promotion campaigns and the use of media. The study shows promising policy options for Iran, and adjusting these findings to Iran’s cultural and religious conditions and implementing experimental plans prior to national scaling could help curtail the current trend.

Objective The sexual rights of women, with the allocation of power agency to men in marital relations, have been contested by schools advocating women's rights, resulting in solutions such as the prohibition of marriage, cohabitation without marriage, or same-sex marriage. However, when referring to Islamic sources, we find solutions such as the legislation of women's right to prevent coitus interruptus (pulling out the penis from the vagina at the time of ejaculation of semen). Using a documentary and descriptive-analytical method, this study examines the outcomes of the wife's right to prevent coitus interruptus. The findings of this study indicate that recent international studies have focused on the outcomes of complete sexual relations and the creation of sexual satisfaction with the ejaculation of semen in the wife's womb without considering the woman's right to prevent coitus interruptus. However, a detailed analysis of Islamic texts, from centuries ago, reveals that Islam, by legitimizing the wife's right to prevent coitus interruptus and obligating the husband to observe it, limits the allocation of power agency in marital relations to the husband. Consequently Islam emphasizes rights such as the right to complete sexual pleasure, the right to fertility, the right to maintain the physical and mental health of women, the necessity of preserving and enhancing the sexual health of the family and society, and the increase of the Muslim population as some of the individual, familial, and social outcomes of women's right to prevent coitus interruptus.

Despite shifts in lifestyle and marital patterns, the practice of early marriage or child marriage persists, particularly in less populated and rural regions. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the lived experiences of adolescent females who enter into early marriages. The chosen approach to study is qualitative, employing the basic qualitative research method. The study included a sample of female participants aged 14 to 27 years residing in a village in the Yazd province. These individuals were married before the age of 18 and were selected for inclusion in the study using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In order to gather data, a total of 13 female participants were engaged in semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, the data was subjected to thematic analysis methodology. During the analysis, it was found that eight primary themes can be used to define the experience of girls who enter into early marriages. These themes include cultural patriarchy, the prevalence of early marriage as a societal norm, challenges specific to rural areas, the symbolic transition into adulthood, the accumulation of dissatisfaction, social exclusion, and a non-priority of education. The primary factor contributing to the acceptance of early marriage among young girls as a social norm is the cultural emphasis placed by families on prioritizing marriage. The decision to enter into marriage can be understood and interpreted within the framework of cultural and social contexts.

the occurrence of an imposed war in the form of large surprise and bloody attacks by the enemy and the continuation of the battle for about a decade is an important and deep social changes that have changed the social order of institutions and structures. By exploring the statements and field interviews with women nurses and aid workers active in medical centers in war zones, this research examines the issue of marriage type and spouse selection patterns as well as related values and attitudes among them. The qualitative method of document analysis and thematic data analysis has been used.The findings show that the criteria for choosing a spouse is assimilation and follows the theory of matching spouses. The pattern of marriage is within the group- social groups rather than kinship groups. So, choosing a spouse by women, especially considering their age, is against the model of arranged marriage and kinship ones as a relatively common form of marriage in Iran can be defined as a sign of women's Agency and along with their determination to attend, social participation and the continuation of their nursing relief activities in high-risk war zones.

Today, despite the high public awareness and knowledge in various fields, the rate of early marriages in the world and specifically in Iran is still worrying since this type of marriage has negative consequences and harms for the couples, especially women. Northern Khorasan province suffers from the highest rate of early marriages. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to sociologically study the women's strategies in facing early marriage and its consequences on them. The statistical population includes under 15 year old women in Titkanlu city in Northern Khorasan province. The research method is qualitative and thematic analysis approach is used as the operational method of the research. The participants of the current research are 24 under 15 year old women in Titkanlo city who were chosen through the purposeful and theoretical sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews have been used to collect the research data. Findings of the research show that women's strategies in dealing with an early marriage include: compromising with the existing conditions, failure and rebellion. Also, early marriage has many consequences, including domestic violence, erosion of social capital, weakening the family capabilities, health problems and issues regarding the pregnancy.

Childbearing and fertility are fundamental elements in effecting demographic changes in countries, drawing significant attention in the areas of macro management, politics, security, and social issues.

This study was conducted using a meta-analysis method, and after collecting information through library research, data analysis was performed.

The results indicate that media attacks promoting non-divine lifestyle models, such as encouraging girls and women towards singleness and individualism, materialism, and the normalization of low fertility, are the primary factors in the cultural conflict between religious values and various media actions. This includes the devaluation of motherhood and the replacement of children with pets, all of which contradict religious teachings and Islamic culture.

While the essence of religion is to establish the framework and rituals of life, Islam, as the most complete religion, encompasses a system of pathways to achieve happiness.

"In Iranian society, considerable importance is placed on the family as a vital social and cultural institution. However, despite this emphasis, official statistics indicate a notable increase in divorce rates among families.""The family, as an institution in our country, is undeniably facing significant challenges. The alarming surge in divorce cases over the past years serves as a clear indicator of the distressed state of family dynamics". "Divorce symbolizes the breakdown of the family unit, often resulting in enduring and irrevocable consequences. This phenomenon, akin to a lethal virus, infiltrates the foundational institution of society—the family—and claims a substantial number of victims on a daily basis". "The primary objective of this qualitative study is to explore the underlying reasons behind the decision to divorce among families in Tehran. It employs a descriptive phenomenological approach with thematic analysis as the research method.""Thematic analysis is a six-step methodology encompassing the following stages: familiarization with the data, coding, theme generation, theme evaluation and refinement, theme definition and naming, and report writing". "The study's statistical population comprises married individuals who sought divorce through Tehran's family courts in 1401. A purposeful sampling method was employed, leading to in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with 37 participants". "In the data analysis process, initial coding was followed by the extraction of primary and secondary themes. The research findings are presented under two overarching categories: 'warning signs of divorce' and 'factors contributing to separation. Essentially, certain factors may serve as warning signs of impending divorce if experienced by couples at any stage of their marital journey. Conversely, specific events can escalate marital conflicts and increase the likelihood of separation, which can be categorized as triggers or catalysts for divorce.

Marriage is a key element in the institution of the family and consequently the social structure of society. Having knowledge in this area helps the policy makers to know the attitudes and ideas of the society and plan accordingly. The objective of this research, is to extract the attitudes and demands of the cultural components of "marriage" and finally interpreted them. The research method is qualitative content analysis and universe were all persian speaking tweets in X social network from Sept. 2021 till Mar. 2022. Results show that people's attitude towards marriage is close to Bauman fluid relations theory as well as Sarukhani's theory of personalization. In the marriage, people have their own opinions and don't follow grand narratives. On the other hand, individualized, and the personalization of marriage, can expel the family from a social institution with the emotional and survival functions; and endanger the health of society.

The aim of this research is to examine the issue of childbearing and population growth with a focus on Quranic approaches. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that, given the ongoing and multifaceted challenges in psychological, social, economic, and other domains, Quranic religious teachings can be utilized to explain and offer solutions, such as reforming thought structures with belief-building characteristics, promoting piety, faith, reliance on God, assurance of sustenance and hope, and implementing incentive policies for childbearing, loans, housing, employment, and medical interventions in the field of infertility, to address the obstacles of this social problem.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the values and criteria related to marriage in the common wedding poems in Bakhtiari culture with an emphasis on Lordegan region. To collect wedding poems, library and field methods were used, and after collecting the poems, issues related to values and criteria related to marriage were extracted from them, and then the extracted concepts were divided into categories and subcategories. They have been divided and analyzed with documentary method and descriptive approach. The findings and results of the research show that different values and criteria are reflected in the wedding poems; As they seek help from God to solve wedding problems and the success of the bride and groom, they expect the bride to maintain the family's social prestige; Attention is paid to the originality and roots of the bride and groom, and in choosing a spouse, their literacy; The bride's hijab is a formality that must be observed; The groom must be a rider and a person with zeal, and beauty is also an attribute that is attributed to couples and is a source of pride for families. In general, it should be said that the content of these poems is related to the wishes that the bride and groom should have, and in fact, through these poems, the wishes and expectations in the field of marriage are institutionalized in the Bakhtiari culture.

As an informal part of the Iranian society, Afghan immigrant women experience emotions in the family and social structure that can be influential in the production or reproduction of a cultural environment, beyond its pathology. The present study, with a qualitative approach and interpretative phenomenological method, seeks to narrate the lived experience of Afghan immigrant women. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, the data of which was collected through interviews with 25 women of 18 to 40 years old living in the southern areas of Tehranand analyzed according to Van Menen's model. Some of the main themes extracted, such as identity crisis, anxiety, and contentment with the status quo, show that the traditions of the origin society still powerfully affect the lives of immigrant women. It is necessary to pay attention to the results of such studies at the micro and macro levels of cultural policy. In line with the management of support programs for immigrants and population policies such as childbearing, necessary policy recommendations have been provided.

The commercialized wedding celebration, as a Western and global phenomenon, is developing and expanding. This cultural phenomenon has found its presence and become pervasive in Iranian society. The globalization of weddings and the introduction of new cultural elements related to them have brought significant changes and transformations to these ceremonies in various regions of Iran. In the Iranian society, the convergence of old and new cultural elements has created new mechanisms and cultural trends. This article focuses on the city of Hamedan, one of the cities in Iran. The emergence of the wedding industry phenomenon in Hamedan has been accompanied by challenges. The aim of this article is to examine the cultural and social consequences of the presence and expansion of the wedding industry in Hamedan. The research method used in this qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 16 professionals working in the wedding industry in Hamedan. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this article encompass two main themes: “Cultural Reconstruction” and “Cultural Anomalies,” each of which includes various subtopics of significance. The results indicate that the expansion of this industry in the city of Hamedan has been concurrent with multifaceted and intricate social changes and cultural trends. Cultural interactions and conflicts, particularly in the realm of wedding ceremonies in this city, have led, on one hand, to the amalgamation and fusion of traditions, and on the other hand, to conflicts of values and disturbances in norms. As a result of these trends, local wedding customs in Hamedan have been weakened, and the consumer culture of the capitalist system has influenced them significantly.

The purpose of this research is to explain the factors related to the attitude of students of Isfahan University towards the phenomenon of marriage, in the framework of a combined approach and using the exploratory-sequential strategy. The grounded theory method was used in the qualitative phase of the research, and the survey method was used in the quantitative phase. The results of this research show that the factors related to students' attitude towards marriage are able to explain the variance of this variable in a medium to high level. The effect coefficients have also shown the direct and significant effect of the variables of marriage imagery, subjective self-evaluation, academic atmosphere and consequentialism on students' attitude towards marriage, and the quantitative results of the research confirm the qualitative results to a large extent.

Marriage, as the foundation of family and social life, has taken on various forms and shapes in the contemporary world. In Iranian society, attitudes towards marriage and marital behavior have been influenced by the transformations of the modern world, as well as changing obstacles and challenges compared to the past. Despite its significance for society and the continuity of its structures, marriage has faced challenges in recent decades. Students are considered one of the most important social groups, primarily in the age range for marriage. The weakening inclination of students towards marriage and consequently the delay in their marriage can lead to significant cultural, social, and economic issues for the Iranian society in the future.
The present study aims to adopt a pragmatic paradigm and utilize a combined strategic, action-oriented, and result-oriented approach in this regard. By applying this combined approach, the study seeks to find practical and implementable solutions to strengthen the inclination of students towards marriage and reduce the delay in their marriage.

Research on various aspects of marriage has been extensive. However, no research has been conducted on the identification and explanation of factors related to students' attitudes towards marriage in the city of Isfahan. Sohrab Zadeh and Parnian (2016), in a qualitative study titled "Categorization of Girls' Inclination towards Marriage," identified seven categories of inclination towards marriage, including enclosed inclination and hierarchical categories influenced by postmodern discourse. These categories had characteristics such as acceptance of male dominance, women's citizenship, and the acceptance of religious and cultural obligations towards marriage. Avaresin and Nazari (2018), in their study titled "Attitudes of Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch Students towards Marriage," using a descriptive-case study approach and an expectation measurement questionnaire, showed that realistic expectations of marriage were given higher priority, while pessimistic expectations had the lowest priority. Additionally, as age increased, the overall expectation of marriage decreased for realistic and idealistic marriage, while pessimistic expectations increased. It is worth noting that while the level of expectations from marriage was measured in this research, students' attitudes towards marriage were not investigated.
Li (2014) demonstrated in their study on young people's attitudes towards marriage that children's attitudes towards marriage were highly dependent on the parent/family environment. Those whose parents experienced conflict, divorce, and post-divorce parental conflicts expressed a negative attitude towards marriage.
The combined quantitative and qualitative approach, utilizing an exploratory-sequential strategy and developing a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings (identified concepts and categories), is one of the advantages of this research. Moreover, the inclusion of both male and female participants differentiates this study from previous ones.

The research method used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach involves the use of a questionnaire to collect data on students' attitudes towards marriage, while the qualitative approach includes in-depth interviews to explore the underlying factors influencing their attitudes. The participants in this research were selected from both male and female students, which allows for a comprehensive understanding of the topic. By including diverse perspectives, the study aims to capture a broader range of experiences and opinions related to marriage.
The research process consists of several steps. First, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify existing theories and findings related to students' attitudes towards marriage. This review helped to establish a theoretical framework for the study and guide

Based on the coding of the interviews, eight main themes were identified, including structured barriers, multidimensional self-evaluation, entrenched fear of failure, visualization of marriage, university environment, psychological-emotional consequences, social consequences, and economic consequences.
Following that, the questions and hypotheses for the quantitative section were formulated:Question (1): What is the attitude of students towards marriage?
Hypothesis (1): There is a difference in attitudes towards marriage between male and female students.
Hypothesis (2): Qualitative variables have an impact on students' attitudes towards marriage.
The results showed the following:a) The distribution of the research sample based on gender indicated that 8.34% of the sample were male students and 3.65% were female students.
b) The average of the variable "attitude towards marriage" and its dimensions differs significantly from the hypothetical average. Therefore, factors related to students' attitudes towards marriage, on average, have the ability to explain the variance of this variable, indicating confidence in the findings.
c) Furthermore, the values related to the estimation of the independent t-test indicate that there is a significant difference between male and female students in terms of their attitude towards marriage.
d) The independent variables of the study, in total, explain 51% of the variance in the "attitude towards marriage" variable. Considering the values related to effect size and the coefficient of determination, this value is estimated to be large. In other words, the independent variables of the study have a high ability to explain the variance of the "attitude towards marriage" variable.

 The present research introduces us to the ancient and traditional style of marriage. Many customs that have been removed from memories and added to memories with the advent of modernity and under the pretext of civility and modernism. The present research depicts a corner of the mentioned culture in Meshkinshahr - a part of the territory of Azerbaijan, Iran. The purpose of this writing is to reflect the traditions of the past in the manner and manner of common and common marriage traditions in the past. The method used in this research is descriptive, documentary and field. This research examines the different stages of the marriage process from courtship to beautiful wedding celebrations in the past and present. Parents play an essential role in this connection. This article intends to provide the readers with clear views about marriage customs and celebrations that may never be repeated. 

With the unimaginable expansion of the Internet and the rise of virtual social networks, human relationships in cyberspace have become very complex. That is why we are definitely facing a sudden expansion of relations between men and women, which makes it very difficult to control. The growth trend of this phenomenon among Shiites and Iranians has also had an incredible upward trend.Islam, on the other hand, is the most perfect divine religion. Therefore, it is expected that it will answer all the questions and doubts that arise in the present age, especially with the advancement of science and technology. Cyberspace and the Internet environment have created many doubts and questions in the field of sharia, which in this study tries to answer some of these doubts and questions.This article aims to explain the religious framework of intimate relationships in cyberspace. To achieve this, the jurisprudential titles related to the relationship between men and women are extracted in the virtual environment and then the rulings of those titles (which are actually related to the real world) are taken from the existing fatwas and istifta'as of contemporary jurists. Finally, an attempt has been made to mention what can be an example of such titles in virtual social networks, so that the audience of such networks is confused and understands the scope of the relationship between men and women in terms of Shiite jurisprudence.

Deep socio-cultural changes in recent decades have brought about fundamental changes in the way people look at family and marriage, and today, compared to the relatively homogeneous situation of the past, we are faced with a very diverse range of marital attitudes. Based on this, the current study, focusing on the concept of "Incompatible Marriage", is based on the basic assumption that incompatible attitude combinations in marriage act like incompatible blood combinations and can equally be destructive, challenging and harmful to the marital relationship. be corrosive In the present study, the above hypothesis was tested based on the secondary analysis of the data of two couple surveys (husband and wife) in 2013 and 2014, and the results of both surveys showed a significant positive correlation between the attitudinal gap between couples and their marital quality. And it also shows between the attitude gap and the degree of tendency to divorce. In short, these results indicate the frequency of marital conflicts and the severity of the tendency to divorce in discordant marriages and introduce the risk of divorce and tense marriages devoid of quality as the most important consequences of discordant marriages. This is despite the fact that both in studies and researches and in family policies, instead of focusing on the main root of the problem (occurrence of discordant marriages), the emphasis is on how couples manage and cope with problems and challenges that somehow they are considered the result of the mentioned issue. Based on this, the current review emphasizes the need for a fundamental change in approach from marriage to marriage, and focusing on the prevention of discordant marriages in the policies of this field, and in order to achieve this goal, specific implementation plans in the form of three strategies provides continuous assessment and monitoring", "training and culture building" and "strengthening of consulting services".