جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ازدواج » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

As an informal part of the Iranian society, Afghan immigrant women experience emotions in the family and social structure that can be influential in the production or reproduction of a cultural environment, beyond its pathology. The present study, with a qualitative approach and interpretative phenomenological method, seeks to narrate the lived experience of Afghan immigrant women. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, the data of which was collected through interviews with 25 women of 18 to 40 years old living in the southern areas of Tehranand analyzed according to Van Menen's model. Some of the main themes extracted, such as identity crisis, anxiety, and contentment with the status quo, show that the traditions of the origin society still powerfully affect the lives of immigrant women. It is necessary to pay attention to the results of such studies at the micro and macro levels of cultural policy. In line with the management of support programs for immigrants and population policies such as childbearing, necessary policy recommendations have been provided.

The commercialized wedding celebration, as a Western and global phenomenon, is developing and expanding. This cultural phenomenon has found its presence and become pervasive in Iranian society. The globalization of weddings and the introduction of new cultural elements related to them have brought significant changes and transformations to these ceremonies in various regions of Iran. In the Iranian society, the convergence of old and new cultural elements has created new mechanisms and cultural trends. This article focuses on the city of Hamedan, one of the cities in Iran. The emergence of the wedding industry phenomenon in Hamedan has been accompanied by challenges. The aim of this article is to examine the cultural and social consequences of the presence and expansion of the wedding industry in Hamedan. The research method used in this qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 16 professionals working in the wedding industry in Hamedan. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this article encompass two main themes: “Cultural Reconstruction” and “Cultural Anomalies,” each of which includes various subtopics of significance. The results indicate that the expansion of this industry in the city of Hamedan has been concurrent with multifaceted and intricate social changes and cultural trends. Cultural interactions and conflicts, particularly in the realm of wedding ceremonies in this city, have led, on one hand, to the amalgamation and fusion of traditions, and on the other hand, to conflicts of values and disturbances in norms. As a result of these trends, local wedding customs in Hamedan have been weakened, and the consumer culture of the capitalist system has influenced them significantly.

The purpose of this research is to explain the factors related to the attitude of students of Isfahan University towards the phenomenon of marriage, in the framework of a combined approach and using the exploratory-sequential strategy. The grounded theory method was used in the qualitative phase of the research, and the survey method was used in the quantitative phase. The results of this research show that the factors related to students' attitude towards marriage are able to explain the variance of this variable in a medium to high level. The effect coefficients have also shown the direct and significant effect of the variables of marriage imagery, subjective self-evaluation, academic atmosphere and consequentialism on students' attitude towards marriage, and the quantitative results of the research confirm the qualitative results to a large extent.

Marriage, as the foundation of family and social life, has taken on various forms and shapes in the contemporary world. In Iranian society, attitudes towards marriage and marital behavior have been influenced by the transformations of the modern world, as well as changing obstacles and challenges compared to the past. Despite its significance for society and the continuity of its structures, marriage has faced challenges in recent decades. Students are considered one of the most important social groups, primarily in the age range for marriage. The weakening inclination of students towards marriage and consequently the delay in their marriage can lead to significant cultural, social, and economic issues for the Iranian society in the future.
The present study aims to adopt a pragmatic paradigm and utilize a combined strategic, action-oriented, and result-oriented approach in this regard. By applying this combined approach, the study seeks to find practical and implementable solutions to strengthen the inclination of students towards marriage and reduce the delay in their marriage.

Research on various aspects of marriage has been extensive. However, no research has been conducted on the identification and explanation of factors related to students' attitudes towards marriage in the city of Isfahan. Sohrab Zadeh and Parnian (2016), in a qualitative study titled "Categorization of Girls' Inclination towards Marriage," identified seven categories of inclination towards marriage, including enclosed inclination and hierarchical categories influenced by postmodern discourse. These categories had characteristics such as acceptance of male dominance, women's citizenship, and the acceptance of religious and cultural obligations towards marriage. Avaresin and Nazari (2018), in their study titled "Attitudes of Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch Students towards Marriage," using a descriptive-case study approach and an expectation measurement questionnaire, showed that realistic expectations of marriage were given higher priority, while pessimistic expectations had the lowest priority. Additionally, as age increased, the overall expectation of marriage decreased for realistic and idealistic marriage, while pessimistic expectations increased. It is worth noting that while the level of expectations from marriage was measured in this research, students' attitudes towards marriage were not investigated.
Li (2014) demonstrated in their study on young people's attitudes towards marriage that children's attitudes towards marriage were highly dependent on the parent/family environment. Those whose parents experienced conflict, divorce, and post-divorce parental conflicts expressed a negative attitude towards marriage.
The combined quantitative and qualitative approach, utilizing an exploratory-sequential strategy and developing a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings (identified concepts and categories), is one of the advantages of this research. Moreover, the inclusion of both male and female participants differentiates this study from previous ones.

The research method used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach involves the use of a questionnaire to collect data on students' attitudes towards marriage, while the qualitative approach includes in-depth interviews to explore the underlying factors influencing their attitudes. The participants in this research were selected from both male and female students, which allows for a comprehensive understanding of the topic. By including diverse perspectives, the study aims to capture a broader range of experiences and opinions related to marriage.
The research process consists of several steps. First, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to identify existing theories and findings related to students' attitudes towards marriage. This review helped to establish a theoretical framework for the study and guide

Based on the coding of the interviews, eight main themes were identified, including structured barriers, multidimensional self-evaluation, entrenched fear of failure, visualization of marriage, university environment, psychological-emotional consequences, social consequences, and economic consequences.
Following that, the questions and hypotheses for the quantitative section were formulated:Question (1): What is the attitude of students towards marriage?
Hypothesis (1): There is a difference in attitudes towards marriage between male and female students.
Hypothesis (2): Qualitative variables have an impact on students' attitudes towards marriage.
The results showed the following:a) The distribution of the research sample based on gender indicated that 8.34% of the sample were male students and 3.65% were female students.
b) The average of the variable "attitude towards marriage" and its dimensions differs significantly from the hypothetical average. Therefore, factors related to students' attitudes towards marriage, on average, have the ability to explain the variance of this variable, indicating confidence in the findings.
c) Furthermore, the values related to the estimation of the independent t-test indicate that there is a significant difference between male and female students in terms of their attitude towards marriage.
d) The independent variables of the study, in total, explain 51% of the variance in the "attitude towards marriage" variable. Considering the values related to effect size and the coefficient of determination, this value is estimated to be large. In other words, the independent variables of the study have a high ability to explain the variance of the "attitude towards marriage" variable.

 The present research introduces us to the ancient and traditional style of marriage. Many customs that have been removed from memories and added to memories with the advent of modernity and under the pretext of civility and modernism. The present research depicts a corner of the mentioned culture in Meshkinshahr - a part of the territory of Azerbaijan, Iran. The purpose of this writing is to reflect the traditions of the past in the manner and manner of common and common marriage traditions in the past. The method used in this research is descriptive, documentary and field. This research examines the different stages of the marriage process from courtship to beautiful wedding celebrations in the past and present. Parents play an essential role in this connection. This article intends to provide the readers with clear views about marriage customs and celebrations that may never be repeated. 

With the unimaginable expansion of the Internet and the rise of virtual social networks, human relationships in cyberspace have become very complex. That is why we are definitely facing a sudden expansion of relations between men and women, which makes it very difficult to control. The growth trend of this phenomenon among Shiites and Iranians has also had an incredible upward trend.Islam, on the other hand, is the most perfect divine religion. Therefore, it is expected that it will answer all the questions and doubts that arise in the present age, especially with the advancement of science and technology. Cyberspace and the Internet environment have created many doubts and questions in the field of sharia, which in this study tries to answer some of these doubts and questions.This article aims to explain the religious framework of intimate relationships in cyberspace. To achieve this, the jurisprudential titles related to the relationship between men and women are extracted in the virtual environment and then the rulings of those titles (which are actually related to the real world) are taken from the existing fatwas and istifta'as of contemporary jurists. Finally, an attempt has been made to mention what can be an example of such titles in virtual social networks, so that the audience of such networks is confused and understands the scope of the relationship between men and women in terms of Shiite jurisprudence.

Child marriage is one of the most controversial issues in jurisprudence and law. Most jurists of Islamic religions, especially Imam Khomeini, consider child marriage to be lawful. The Iranian Civil Code has envisaged child marriage according to Article 1041 approved in 2002. In 2018, an urgent plan to ban underage marriage of minors and increase the age of marriage for adult children was approved by parliament. If sexual education and economic growth are necessary in marriage, the presumption of impairment and harm in the marriage of children is prevalent. If a stronger exigency in this impairment can be conceived for the marriage of a child, in that case, the expediency of this marriage should be allowed. The present article examines child marriage through descriptive-analytical method. The necessary data are collected from library sources as well as the viewpoints of the proponents and opponents of this issue in the jurisprudence of Islamic religions and the laws of Iran. Finally, these two perspectives are critically studied and proposed for the use of the legislators. In Article 1041 of the Civil Code, instead of imposing a prohibition or restriction on the child marriage, in addition to emphasizing the expediency, the matter should be investigated by a trusted experts board of the judiciary to rule on marriage permits in appropriate cases.

Deep socio-cultural changes in recent decades have brought about fundamental changes in the way people look at family and marriage, and today, compared to the relatively homogeneous situation of the past, we are faced with a very diverse range of marital attitudes. Based on this, the current study, focusing on the concept of "Incompatible Marriage", is based on the basic assumption that incompatible attitude combinations in marriage act like incompatible blood combinations and can equally be destructive, challenging and harmful to the marital relationship. be corrosive In the present study, the above hypothesis was tested based on the secondary analysis of the data of two couple surveys (husband and wife) in 2013 and 2014, and the results of both surveys showed a significant positive correlation between the attitudinal gap between couples and their marital quality. And it also shows between the attitude gap and the degree of tendency to divorce. In short, these results indicate the frequency of marital conflicts and the severity of the tendency to divorce in discordant marriages and introduce the risk of divorce and tense marriages devoid of quality as the most important consequences of discordant marriages. This is despite the fact that both in studies and researches and in family policies, instead of focusing on the main root of the problem (occurrence of discordant marriages), the emphasis is on how couples manage and cope with problems and challenges that somehow they are considered the result of the mentioned issue. Based on this, the current review emphasizes the need for a fundamental change in approach from marriage to marriage, and focusing on the prevention of discordant marriages in the policies of this field, and in order to achieve this goal, specific implementation plans in the form of three strategies provides continuous assessment and monitoring", "training and culture building" and "strengthening of consulting services".

Increase of age of marriage is a problem and damage that, if not monitored, will cause depression, decrease in life expectancy and productive activity in the country. The purpose of this research is to investigate the most important factors affecting the delay of marriage age in Nowshahr city. The research is applied and descriptive-analytical. Library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the households of Nowshahr city, according to Cochran's formula, the sample number of 384 people was questioned through simple random sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of ten professors in the cultural field of the city and the final questionnaire was prepared. The reliability level of the research questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method of 0.74. Descriptive and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis test) were used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that the result of the reduction of 29 variables was 3 factors, which are economic, social and cultural factors. As a result, the more the economic and material conditions of young people are prepared as the basic foundations for marriage, the more their desire to form a joint life increases.

Child marriage is a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects the lives of girls in some parts of the country and leads to many personal and social problems and damages. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the marital experiences of children in marriage in women living in Shiraz city in Fars province. Purposive sampling was done through snowball method with 10 women in-depth interviews. The text of the interviews was analyzed using theoretical coding method. The findings of the research, which are the results of interviews, include causal conditions (gender stereotypes, lack of choice of spouse, lack of awareness), background conditions (lack of sexual readiness, passive agency) and intervention conditions (emotional entanglement, role weakness, interaction tension generator) that the category of marital impotence emerged as the main phenomenon. The results show that marrying at a young age makes women face powerlessness in the personal and interactive field of marital relations. Their action against the problem of powerlessness occurs in the form of concealment, divorce, adaptation and forced silence. Among its consequences, we can mention marital boredom, dissatisfaction with life, frustration, social isolation and emotional divorce.

Peace is one of the main virtues of marriage Field research shows the increase of social corruption in the world due to anxiety and depression There is no doubt about the necessity of women's social presence But if the various dimensions of this presence are not paid attention to, the strength of the family will be endangered The personality of the fetus is influenced 50% by the mother and 25% by the father Therefore, the preservation - quantitative and qualitative - of these seeds is the rational and humane duty of individuals and the political government. Today, the peak of Iblis' rule is delegitimization of property and children and the destruction of human beings in the name of abortion By creating a platform for forbidden and suspicious food and by fueling the issue of mixing between men and women Today's danger for the human race is the desecration of the family institution and the social degradation of men and women and the role of fathers and mothers of the youth. Therefore, modification of insight, tendency and action strategies and lifestyle and reducing the effects of feminist culture and practical suggestions It is necessary.

Today, despite the extended awareness and knowledge of the public in the various fields, early marriages are still common in the world and Iran. North Khorasan is among the provinces with the highest number of early marriages in Iran. The current research aims to study the causal, contextual, and intervening factors affecting early marriages among under 15 year old women in Titkanlu city in North Khorasan province. The research method is a qualitative method and the grounded theory approach is also applied. The participants of the present study include 24 under 15-year-old married women from Titkanlu City, who were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling methods. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the systematic procedures by Strauss and Corbin (1990) in three "open", "central" and "selective" coding phases. The research findings indicate that the causal conditions affecting early marriages are: individual factors, family factors, social factors, cultural factors, and economic factors. The importance of the body and the use of mass media are also known as contextual conditions affecting early marriages. Religious and traditional beliefs and hegemonic masculinity are also intervening factors that have been effective in early marriages in Titkanlo city.

According to Mathis Kalmin, the question of "what makes intergroup marriage important from a sociological point of view" lies in its inherent dynamics: intergroup marriage does not merely reflect the boundaries that currently separate groups in the society, but also has the potential of cultural, social, and economic changes". (Rodriguezgarcia, 2015:25). Sistan and Baluchistan Province is one of the southern provinces of the country, which has a diverse ethnic and religious structure. From the distant past until now, there has been inter-group marriage among the different ethnic and religous groups and in this province. Today, due to the social, political, and cultural changes inside and outside the country, this issue has become more intense and important. Since ethnic and religious divisions in themselves have the potential to create and intensify social conflicts, inter-group marriages can be effective in reducing and adjusting these conflicts. Due to inter-group marriages, the absorption and integration of groups within each other are accelerated and cultural and social cohesions increase.

This research sought to analyze the semantic system of religiously different couples living together in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. Due to the sensitivity of the situation of the studied society and acquisition of deep and real information from qualitative research, in addition to discovering a conceptual model of this process based on the participants' points of view, the grounded theory methodology was used. In fact, the researcher sought to create a theory by examining and studying those, who were involved in similar action or interaction processes (Strauss & Corbin, 1999). To select the participants from different parts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province and due to the restriction of religious heterosexual marriage and lack of easy access, a targeted sampling method was firstly utilized.The selection criteria of the participants were based on the different religions of the couples living in Sistan and Baluchistan Province and their other differences and dissatisfaction with their married lives. In this research, the couples, who differed based on the type of religion in Islam, were selected in a way that one of them was Sunni and the other was Shia. The couples’ qualities of married life were determined by asking them to express their opinions about the following issues at the beginning of the interviews: satisfaction of married life with the spouse, feeling of regret for marrying a person of a different religion and recommendation of this form of marriage to others (for example, how is the relationship between you and your spouse now? What advice do you have for a girl and a boy, who want to get married in a similar way? Why do you want to marry a person of another religion? Have you ever regretted marrying your wife and why?). In case of expressing dissatisfaction and regret and disagreement with the spouse, more exploratory questions were asked (for instance, Describe your experience of being married to a person with another religion? What was your biggest disagreement during this period of your life? What happened when a disagreement occurred? How was it resolved? What were the circumstances that led to the disagreement? What consequences do you think marriage with a person with another religion has?). After analysis and classification of the interviews and comparison of their categories, the theoretical sampling was applied to complete the conceptual model.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion :

Despite the predominance of consanguineous marriage in Iran (Hashmi et al., 2013), the different forms of non-consanguineous marriages are especially observed in Sistan and Baluchistan Province as a province with a diverse cultural context. Due to the expansion of social dynamics and interactions in the modern world and the clash of different cultures with each other, the possibility of the formation of heterosexual ways of marriage in societies increases. What is important is that the regulations within the family are not the same among different social and cultural groups and marriage between two different cultures may lead to conflicts and family tensions in the absence of suitable contexts. Family conflict is different from other forms of conflicts because the family context is more compatible with the idea of unity and coherence, as well as completeness of relationships and close ties. The findings of the present research indicated that the couples under study experienced many family challenges and conflicts in the religious heterosexual family. The conflicts could range from a simple disagreement to acts of violence. People in the different religious families, who had been separated, experienced a different world with different feelings, meanings, paths, and lifestyles. In this way, the couples and their families faced many different challenges and consequences.The inappropriate and risky style of choosing a spouse causes family conflicts in the lives of couples of different religions. The most important factor that, if missing, can increase the family tensions of couples of different religions is non-peaceful and fanatical interactions in the family. In the context of society with cultural gaps, such as religious and ethnic conflicts, people desire for intra-group communications and inter-religious marriages can face many challenges. These challenges affect all family members, including husband, wife and children. It overshadows the quality of family interactions. This social process leads to family disintegration and finally couples and children’s dissatisfaction with their stressful life. Also, the religious heterogeneity of parents brings educational conflicts and mental turmoil to the family, especially to the children, which causes their distance and isolation according to the pluralistic point of view.

Marriage as a social contract is considered to organize the family institution and an inevitable necessity for reproduction of the family institution and cohesion of the society. At present, with the change of societies, we are witnessing a change in the values of marriage and a tendency towards individualized marriages, a kind of non-traditional form of joint life among people. In other words, it can be concluded that in the new world, there are mostly human actors, who regulate the state of the marriage phenomenon and its forms and formation. In Iran, we are also witnessing changes in attitudes and forms of marriage, lack of importance and priority of marriage in life, increasing age of marriage or prolonging period of celibacy, formation of sexual relationships outside of marriage area, etc, all of which represent the low desire to get married and start a family in the traditional sense of it in some ways in the Iranian and Islamic tradition and culture, an issue that can disrupt normal functioning of the family institution in the long run. Based on an interpretative approach with an in-depth look, the current research sought to identify, analyze, and interpret the main types of students' attitudes towards the phenomenon of marriage by entering the mental world of Isfahan university students. Based on this, the main goal of this qualitative research was identifying the typology of attitudes towards marriage based on the definition and interpretation of Isfahan university students.

The current research was done by taking a qualitative approach and using the qualitative content analysis. Qualitative content analysis is a research method for subjective interpretation of text data through the processes of systematic classification, as well as coding and designing patterns. The qualitative content analysis approach used in this research was the conventional approach. This approach is often suitable when the existing theories or research literature about the studied phenomenon are limited. In fact, in this case, the researcher avoids using preconceived categories and instead arranges for the categories to emerge from the data. The current research field was the city of Isfahan and national universities of this city, including Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Technology, and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The participants or people under study included single students of all educational levels and different fields of study in the mentioned universities. 30 people were selected and studied by using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection technique in this study was based on a semi-structured in-depth interview.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion  :

The analysis of Isfahan University students’ views showed that there were 7 different attitudes towards marriage among them: structuralist attitude, agent-oriented attitude, radical attitude, rationality-oriented attitude, business-oriented attitude, and functionalist attitude. Each type of attitude had led to different behaviors. The attitude based on agency in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which did not exist in the traditional society. The agent-oriented attitude in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which also did not exist in the traditional society. The students, who liked agency in marriage, generally considered themselves to be modern subjects, who had passed the value and normative systems of the traditional society. However, the students, who accepted the structural view in marriage still considered themselves committed to the value systems and norms of the traditional society. The students, who had a rationality-oriented attitude, considered their personal, economic, and cultural conditions as the central factors in marriage and its definition. Those, who had a radical attitude towards marriage, considered marriage to be an existential and essential necessity so that every human being must marry in order to logically respond to his/her emotional and sexual needs. On the other hand, there were radicals, who believed that marriage was not necessary and even in some cases, marriage was considered a negative and destructive phenomenon in human life. In the business-oriented attitude, marriage had become a business, according to which families and individuals sought to obtain the most economic benefit from marriage. On the other hand, another group of students emphasized the functions of marriage, specifically the positive functions. They believed that marriage, despite economic issues and problems, strengthened people's personalities, mental systems, and social status. It even had positive economic consequences for people.

This study has two complementary goals: first, to introduce and critique the conventional methods of estimating divorce indices in Iran and propose a new index. It also applied this new index for the last 15 years; second, to analyze the changes in marriage patterns using appropriate indicators. 

The study used secondary data from the national civil registration and the general population and housing census of the country. Different indicators were used to estimate and compare the trends of marriage and divorce. 

An alternative method of estimating divorce, which takes into account the divorce ratio as a subset of the actual married population, shows that divorce is not a major concern in Iran, contrary to popular belief. However, it also shows that divorce rates are likely to increase as the population of married women grows. Moreover, indicators such as the mean age at first marriage, the singleness ratio in age groups, the absolute singleness ratio and their relative changes suggest that delaying marriage and reducing its universality is a more serious issue than divorce in Iranian society. 

The crude measures are exaggerated the situation and trends of divorce. This may lead to the fear of marriage or condemnation of marriage in older age and, as a result, absolute celibacy. Therefore, social categories like divorce and marriage, which are related to one of the main institutions of society (family), should be approached with sensitivity and scientific rigor. Key Message: This research acknowledges that the stagnation of marriage is more problematic than the increase in divorce, without normalizing the latter. Therefore, it recommends to formulate practical policies aimed at removing obstacles to young people's marriage.

This article tries to explain Kermanshah  women's world life. Theoretical approach is based on Habermas' views with an emphasis on “world life”. conclusions show that although Kermanshah is developing society but women in which have a powerful world life. The research method is Phenomenology. Data collection techniques were observation and interview and the number of interviewees was 40 and they were selected by snowball method. The data had analyzed based on three stages of analysis, interpretation and reporting. In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 women. World life of women in four features  including  marriage, betrayal, power and  identification of Women  have  been investigated. Women's perspectives were examined in four features in both traditional and modern pattern. Women with the traditional pattern considered marriage important and vital in their lives but women with a modern pattern had a more balanced view of marriage. Women did not consider betrayal a good behavior. In the realm of power women with a modern pattern considered having various capitals as a source of power. But the traditional pattern did not give much power to women. In the field of the definition of woman, they had close approaches although different interpretations of the phenomena were seen in different groups with different cultural, social and economic conditions. The results of this study indicate that Women with the traditional pattern have basically experienced a life world  similar to or close to each other in the four mentioned components.