جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « earthquake » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The purpose of this research is to "study the news coverage of Afghanistan's natural crises in the last decade" with the aim of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of media coverage of natural crises in this country. In this research, quantitative content analysis method has been used. The statistical population of this research is 10 nationwide and popular media in Afghanistan, and a total of 612 news articles have been analyzed using the researcher's code. Based on the results of this study, the main approach of the media with 92.5% is pure "information" and only in some private and party media, the approach of "critical", "investigative", etc. was observed. The format of presentation of content in these media is "news" and "short news" and "report", "article", "interview" and "scientific-educational content" are not given enough attention. Considering the importance of providing information about the needs of those affected by the crisis, the results of this research show that in more than 80% of the materials, almost no needs are mentioned. The few news and materials that have been published about the needs of the victims have mainly referred to the basic needs such as water, food and shelter. The orientation of the "government", "party" and "private" media in relation to the government's performance in crisis management is almost the same, and only in some party media, a few news and critical reports with a negative orientation have been observed.

Iran is one of the countries that have suffered the most casualties from earthquakes. Some of the consequences and social issues caused by earthquakes will appear in those areas even in the following decades. One of these consequences is the tendency to use substances and various factors are related to it. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between social support and the tendency to use substance among earthquake victims in Kermanshah province.

This correlational study was conducted in 2021 on 450 people living in Sarpol-e Zahab who were living in this city during the 2017 earthquake. Sampling was done by cluster random method. In this study, a checklist of demographic characteristics and two valid and reliable questionnaires including social support and attitudes toward substance use (drug abuse) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS Graphics software.

Most of the participants in this study were male (58.2%), single (57.1%), and employed (more than 60%). The average score of the participants' total social support was 4.09, and it was evaluated at a very good level. In addition, the average tendency to substance use was equal to 3.15 and was evaluated at a moderate level. There was a significant negative relationship between social support and the tendency to use substance.

Due to the significant relationship between social support and the tendency to drug abuse and due to the seismicity of Iran, the relevant authorities should take appropriate measures to improve social protection that can reduce the tendency to substance use among earthquake victims to plan and policy.

Earthquake is one of the most influential natural disasters in people's live. The social consequences of earthquakes, like other disasters, differ based on age, gender, economic and social class. Children, women and low-income people are among the most suffering groups. The amount and strength of the damage caused by the earthquake in humans is influenced by the characteristics of the victims and the amount of support received in these sufferings. Since Iran is considered one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, the anthropological study of it has gained great importance. This study has used a phenomenological approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 Children affected by the earthquake. The findings of this research, which are 15 sub-themes and finally 4 main themes show that children in an earthquake, experience sudden destruction of life, loss of happiness, physical and mental injuries, dropping out of school, severe drop in academics and increasing social injuries. The results of these findings emphasize on the role of education and forming awareness in helping children and families prepare for and recover from all kinds of disasters. Education in the disaster cycle plays an important role in reducing the vulnerability and improving the emotional, social and behavioral recovery of children.

r, there is not a sufficiently deep understanding of the social issues caused by earthquakes; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the social issues that arose during the return to life after the November 2017 earthquake in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab. The research is qualitative and content analysis method has been used to conduct research operations. The study population consisted of earthquake victims and urban social experts in the Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake. Sampling was theoretical and was performed using targeted strategies and snowballs. Based on this, 48 interviews were conducted with earthquake victims and social experts. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and context-based analysis with the systematic strategy of Strauss and Corbin. This qualitative study categorizes the two main categories of social vulnerability (a priori social problems, lack of sensitivity to vulnerable groups, neglect of social rehabilitation, vulnerability due to loss of property and assets, influx of non-natives) and Forgetfulness and abandonment Examining the sub-categories (unfinished housing, incompatibility of housing reconstruction with local culture and lack of priority for job creation, which has led to delays in returning to normal life. According to the results of the study, social issues are hidden in the layers of social life. It occurs after the earthquake and is less considered in post-earthquake programs and studies. Therefore, policy makers and social planners should develop a comprehensive plan that considers these hidden issues and the process of returning to life. Facilitate normalization after an earthquake.

Traditional medicine has long been part of and accepted by the public health system. Traditional medicine is a part of people’s culture and has a significant impact on solving cultural health problems. Despite the increasing use of traditional and complementary medicine by people around the world, Iranian traditional medicine is not directly used as a complementary treatment method during disasters.  The present study aims to investigate the effects of using traditional medicine and herbal medicines during and after the earthquake. It aims to explain the extent to which the disaster-affected society utilizes the potential of traditional medicine alongside modern medicine. This study investigates the impact of traditional medicine and its use in different areas of Sarpol-e Zahab city from the fifth day after the earthquake and over a period of three years through in-depth interviews with pharmacologists and associated shopkeepers, experts in the field of traditional medicine, and consumers. The results show that traditional medicine played an important role in preventing physical and mental diseases during the earthquake among the people of Sarpol-e Zahab..

This paper probes the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the affected areas of Kermanshah following the November 12, 2017 earthquake. A qualitative approach was employed with a single-site, descriptive, and exploratory case study design. Specifically, extended observations and focus group discussions were carried out in the Fuladi neighborhood of Sarpol-e Zahab.  Additional interviews were conducted with knowledgeable local informants and the management of NGOs. The main discussion themes were community trust in the activities, services provided for women and children, healthcare and psychological rehabilitation, employment and entrepreneurship, and empowerment and reconstruction. Familiarity with NGOs and level of trust placed in them as well as in other stakeholders (particularly, the public sector) were also scrutinized. Findings indicate that the affected community placed a low level of trust in public-sector agencies but an acceptable level of trust in the NGOs and community-based organizations. NGOs’ performance in the initial post-disaster phase, especially in providing basic necessities and services, as well as in activities concerning children and women, were well received by the community members. Yet, the opposite was true for NGO activities on employment and entrepreneurship, providing health-related infrastructure, and reconstruction.

This article seeks to answer the question of what was the process of housing reconstruction after the November 2017 earthquake in Sarpol-e Zahab and with what challenges? . The method of the present study was qualitative and was used to analyze information and interviews using thematic analysis. Based on the purposive sampling method as well as the theoretical saturation criterion, in-depth and semi-established interviews were conducted with 35 people born in the earthquake and 15 people with specialization. The findings of this study show that the trainee government is the federal government, uses public resources for personal gain, reconstructs delays and slowness of the process, unsupported promises and does not happen in practice, the bureaucracy governing licensing, Do not believe in heat Bank loans, poverty and sexual inequality, empirical experience and preparation of reconstruction authorities, lack of public participation,, , macroeconomic challenges The country was one of the main challenges of reconstruction after the November 2017 earthquake in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab, which was an incomplete and unfinished physical reconstruction. . Based on the research findings, the use of a comprehensive program for the reconstruction of the area, which includes the physical reconstruction of other social areas, such as paying attention to your needs and empowering vulnerable groups, paying attention to cultural issues and the quality of the urban environment. Necessities are available.

Earthquake experience in Iran has shownthat due to the location of settlements in the country, regardless of the seismicity of the environment, worn texture and low durability of the village, the unpreparedness of the villagers in facing it, low level of use of technology, etc. In such event consequently, destruction and other human and financial losses would come true. Today, governments adopt a variety of strategies to reduce the effects of natural hazards. One of these approaches is resilience to natural hazards. Resilience is a way to strengthen societies by using their capacities and different definitions, approaches, indicators and measurement models have been formed about it. Resilience is the concept that a local community can withstand severe natural disasters without being harmed by destructive casualties and loss of productivity or quality of life, and receive a great deal of help from outside the community. Kuaick Rural Complex was one of the villages that was completely destroyed in November 2017 in Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake due to its non-standard and weak structure and body. 78 residents of this village died in the earthquake. One of the objectives of this research is to know how to respond, retrieve and reconstruct this village, which has gained a favorable experience based on social resilience and benefits from cultural and social capital.

The present study is a qualitative research and a field study. This method has mostly done through in-depth semi-structured observation and interviews. In this research, the researcher has directly and interactively discussed and observed the affected individuals and groups. In this study, 25 interviews were conducted with heterogeneous sampling and with maximum variety to achieve conceptual saturation. By comparing these interviews with each other, the study of resilience and its dimensions and the impact of social and cultural capital on the degree of resilience in rural society have been studied.

The findings of this study have indicated that resilience from a physical-environmental perspective after the earthquake in this village is considered desirable due to the benefit of social capital and cultural symbolism. In terms of "economic resilience", society's capacity to return to pre-accident economic conditions and society's capacity to reduce future exposure have not been favorable, but people of Kuaick Rural Complex, despite highest rate of damage among the earthquake-stricken villages of Sarpol-e-Zahab, have had a very significant social resilience, which has a direct impact on increasing physical, environmental, economic and institutional resilience. This village has highly taken advantages of social resilience which is relied on social capital as well as symbolic resilience. Since the feature of many rural communities is the presence of social and symbolic capital in times of crisis, the use of these features to reduce vulnerability is emphasized.

Today, resilience analysis of human settlements has become an important and influential field. Accordingly, the analysis and increase of resilience against risks in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development is of particular importance. According to the process of resilience analysis, Kuaick Rural Complex can be considered a society with good resilience, the most important reason is the impact of social indicators on resilience. In our country, according to anthropological characteristics and recent research findings, the most effective component in increasing resilience is the dimension of social capital and symbolic capital, which makes the situation of social resilience more favorable compared to other dimensions of resilience.

This article analyzes some of the challenges of post-disaster reconstruction in the earthquake-stricken areas of Iran’s Kermanshah province. Its focus is on capturing the views of the affected populations as well as the authorities in charge of the reconstruction activities. Notwithstanding a review of the available reports, documents, and secondary data, the study leverages the results of field research carried out between February 2018 and March 2019. The activities included field observations, interviews, and focus group discussions in the selected urban districts and fourteen villages of Sarpol-e Zahab and Solas-e Babajani counties. Findings reveal the existence of a number of shortcomings with regard to coordination and planning informed by previous earthquake experiences. Some of the major issues include deficient communication between the authorities and the beneficiaries, insufficient community participation, lack of an equitable system to manage private donations, and rising beneficiary expectations alongside inadequate attention given to the needs for social, psychological, and economic empowerment. Additional challenges are associated with growing costs of home reconstruction, construction delays, inadequate supervision over the construction activities, rising rental costs, and reluctance to abandon temporary shelters. Dissatisfaction is thus observed among the beneficiaries despite significant public-sector efforts and expenses

The present research seeks to examine the pathology of the organize of the earthquake occurred in Sarpul-e-Zahab city with emphasis on people's participation in the process of helping the injured people in the first week following the incident. Semi-standard interview followed by theoretical saturation was exploited for data collection. The statistical population comprised of the native aid workers of Sarpul Zahab in the first week of aid provision to the injured, and the participants were selected through theoretical-purposive sampling. To analyze the findings, the interviews were first analyzed based on the content analysis, then were coded, and finally the findings were semantically reconstructed in the form of 11 major categories. According to the findings, it is concluded that, in the case of happening such events, it is necessary for aid workers, injured persons and official institutions, regarding knowledge, skill and information, to be socially mobilized in order to find a common understanding of the actions and interactions essential during and after the earthquake. The role of NGOs and women in such events should also be taken into account.

This paper aims to use a dataset gathered after the earthquake in Bam city in 2003 to study one of the most important sociological ideas in the area of disasters. Earthquakes or any other natural disaster take lives of individuals and destroy the morphologic layer of the society including any facilities and physical instruments of the society. The level of damage is dependent on the intensity of the disaster, physical robustness and preparedness of the society. Losing a number of society members have two outcomes: damage to the networks of social relationships and activating the remained part of the social networks for compensation of losses. The damage to the functionality of networks depends on the number of lost members and the subsistence situation of individuals. The quantitative analysis of data shows that the local social networks have helped almost all people and although the survivors were injured, but the process of help was not stopped and this was so significant in return of people to normal life.

The earthquake as a natural phenomenon and disaster, beside physical and financial threats, bring about social and psychological harms which in long-term may cause deep consequences. Considering social and psychological consequences as a strategic and managerial plan is essential in preventing the future harms and damages. Traumas such as shock, severe fear, anger, helplessness, numbness, annoying memories, loss of concentration, are among those that threaten survivors after catastrophic events, especially earthquakes. The study tries to investigate the social and psychological status of people after Sar Pole Zahab earthquake in autumn 2016. Based on research findings through in-depth interviews with qualitative method, stress and severe phobia, claustrophobia, nyctophobia, violence (as psychological traumas) and mistrust, women's social suffering, Begging and robbery (as social Injuries) has increased dramatically.

It is believed that systems with higher economic tightness are more resilient in the case of threats. This research aimed to test this hypothesis in the Iranian case of Kerman province which saw the earthquake in its central and historical city of Bam. To do so, the correlation between “economic tightness” and economic performance before and after shock is tested to see how economic interdependency can play role in the economic resilience of the regional system. Findings showed that while before the shock happens there is a positive and direct relation between economic tightness of a system and its economic performance, after-shock changes for regeneration of the system has negative relation with the economic tightness. It shows that although economic concentration is a positive index for urban and regional resilience, when the shock happens, it can be in turn a barrier for economic changes of a system. The explanation for this could be found in the issues of “related variety and economic growth”. Many studies showed that there is a positive relation between economic variety and economic development of a region. The related variety, which emphasizes the complementary and connectedness of activities and occupations, will bring up different opportunities for economic development as it paves the way for knowledge spill overs. After shock, what is needed is to change the current mechanisms. So, if the system is more innovated and open to the new changes, the new organization will take place easier.

The high risk of earthquake, the severity of its adverse consequences and the failure of the exis ting policies to reduce damage and increase the preparedness of vulnerable communities, show that s tudying the role and impact of the social context on the mos t vulnerable groups is essential. The geographic condition of Tehran makes the city highly prone to the occurrence of various types of disas ters, especially the risk of a massive earthquake. Besides, the crisis management requirements and the lack of public preparedness if such events happen, reveal the need to find the factors that can influence the process of converting people’s readiness to the actual preparedness behaviors to make them able of coping with such a large degree of risk. Trus t is a process in which people may disregard their responsibilities to deal with a complex, uncertain situation and delegate it to others. People sometimes make their trus t on the basis of the meanings and values that exis t between them and the authorities, and decide on it. In recent years, social trus t has been considered as one of the mos t important and influential factors in public behaviors. The purpose of this s tudy was to inves tigate the relationship between social trus t and intention to prepare and preparedness of Tehran inhabitants agains t earthquakes.

This research was a cross-sectional analytical s tudy. 369 households in Tehran (February-May 2017) were interviewed and filled the ques tionnaire through the home visits by the research team in person. We used s tratified random sampling to choose the participants from the selected area of the urban regions. Different levels of urban development, social welfare and earthquake vulnerability classification of 22 dis tricts of the city were considered to involve the mos t possible variety of the households living in the area.
The Persian version the general preparation ques tionnaire (with 77 items) which has suitable reliability and the s tandard checklis t of earthquake preparedness behaviors (with 1 items) were used to collect data.
Both ins truments were validated in previous s tudies in Iran.

The mean age of the participants was 34 years. Mos t of them were men (63%), under-graduated (71%), married (62%), tenant of the house they were living (69%), self-employed (38%) or had short time job contracts (32%) and experienced at leas t one earthquake in the pas t (68%). About 75 percent of the participants were living in small households with less than four members. Almos t all of the s tudy samples (96%) were from low income level. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that social trus t was the mos t important factor (p<0.001) that could predict the changes in intention of preparation in a positive relation. Therefore, the intention of preparation could be improved through enhancing the social trus t among the communities. The intention to preparation acts as a complete mediating factor in the relation between social trus t and real preparedness behaviors of the households in Tehran. The participants’ ages and the region that the household lived, found to be as the other influencing factors on intention to prepare agains t earthquake. The pas t experience of earthquakes and income level could predict the preparedness behaviors while the size of household showed a negative relationship with them. Despite the previous research findings, the ownership of the house, the marriage s tatus and occupation situation had no significant relationship with any of the preparedness dimensions.