جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پلیس » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

Since the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran recognizes sovereignty as belonging to God, the lifestyle of the people and consequently the police personnel must be Islamic. The most important religious ritual that can play a role in this issue is prayer. The aim of this article is to examine the role of intra-organizational factors affecting the Islamic lifestyle with emphasis on prayer in preventing crimes and violations of the employees of the Maragheh County Police Command. The research method is a descriptive survey and its statistical population is 150 employees of the Maragheh County Police Command. The sample size was 108 people using the Morgan table and was selected by random sampling. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using SPSS software. Intra-organizational factors were ranked in order of priority from the perspective of the statistical community: educational and training, managerial and organizational, cultural and social, supervisory and protective. The results of the research indicate that it is necessary to focus on factors such as religious and spiritual programs and continuous educational factors, as well as improving the level of organizational justice.

Freedom of association is one of the most important human rights of human beings, which also plays a serious role in the demand and realization of other human rights. In many cases, these rallies are held to protest participants against the government's policies. The peaceful holding of rallies and the important role played by the police and other security forces in securing them are among the important issues that need to be addressed. In some cases, some participants in peaceful rallies may resort to violence and the police may be forced to use force to maintain order and security. The fundamental question of this article is what are the powers and obligations of governments, especially in the use of force to control peaceful assembly? The research method of this research is analytical-descriptive and the method of collecting information is library. The results of this study show that Iran's domestic regulations are generally in line with human rights standards, but in some cases, there is a conflict between these regulations. In Law on the Use of Weapons by Armed Forces Officers, the police appear to use weapons to control illegal assemblies if other means are not effective, but in the human rights system, police can use force only in cases of legitimate self-defense.

Today, one of the prominent and important issues in the researches in the field of criminology in different countries of the world is the fear of crime, which according to some people is as important as the crime itself, but the phenomenon of fear of crime is a very complex issue that Its amount and factors may be different in each city or region. Fear of crime is not only a feeling, but a reality that is tied to people's lives and has destructive effects on politics, economy, social life and criminal policy of countries.Fear of crime plays a very important role in the field of crime prevention, so that the United Nations has considered fear of crime as one of the main elements of prevention. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the police on the fear of crime and ways to prevent it. The components that are in the prevention of crime and fear of crime and are related to the police have been analyzed and a solution has been mentioned for each.

Background and Goal: 

Crimes against Security could be considered as one of must important Realms of Challenge and Confrontation between Rights of Sovereignty and Citizen Rights. Due to High Important of Harmful effects of Crimes against Security on public order and Security, Independency and national Sovereignty, they are very important in all legal Systems and special and different Provisions approved for these Crimes.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study.

In reaction to these crimes, governments have a relative tendency to guarantee the rights of the sovereign and sometimes they abandon the general and established principles of criminal law.

in respect of Crimes against Security, penal Justice frequently through approval of Special Provisions provide wide context for interventions of Police as first Actor of Criminal Justice System in preliminary stages of crime Commission and in the area of the challenge of sovereignty and Citizen rights, it usually seeks to ensure relative rights of the sovereignty.

Background and Goal:

 Police Force is main institution of Policing and security in every country. Good Performance of Police Force depends on Powers delegated by Parliament. Accused as a member of society interred criminal justice Process and do not recognized guilty for Charge directed against him/her, has enjoyed Rights cannot deprived without acceptable rationality.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study. 

In Deferent legal Systems, Confrontation of these Rights and Powers are differentiating, however, Reasonable balance between them is Virtue of criminal Justice System. In other Word a System of Criminal Policy witch at the same time providing maximum level of citizen Rights and Freedoms as well as required Measures of effective confronting with criminal conducts for Police Officers. Comparative Study of this balance in criminal Justice Systems of France, America and Iran demonstrate that Iran’s Legislature like progressive legal Systems in this Area give attention to Guarantying Rights of Accused and suspects in criminal Proceeding Process. In certain Area, Progressive actions in Guarantying Rights are so increased that increased fear of disarmament of Police Force versus Criminal Conducts.

Detraction of Police Powers without conformity with criminal Image and existing facts of society, Apart from cause minimizing physical and mental Security of society, because of Role of Policing and security as background of achieving Citizen Rights and Freedoms, it is not as Step towards securing Personal Rights and Freedoms.

In the legal criminal policy of Iran, the police are considered the powerful arm of the criminal justice system, which has the most relationship with the victim. This relationship starts from the moment the police arrive at the scene of the crime and continues until the execution of the criminal's punishment and even after that. In this context, the police can reduce the harm caused by crime by supporting the victims. Therefore, due to the importance of such a role for the police, this research has been conducted with the aim of examining the aforementioned support.

This qualitative research has been conducted in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject, and the obtained information has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manne.

The findings of the research show that the victims need the support of the activists of the criminal justice system in order to reduce the damages caused by the crime. and the protections he provides to the victims include: "attention to the victim and his rights, attention to the human dignity of the victim, attention to the concerns and pains of the victim, attention to the opinions and views of the victim, sympathy and sympathy with the victim, providing security and...".

In recent years, the idea of protecting victims has attracted the attention of criminologists, legislators, judicial authorities, and the police, and significant measures have been taken to protect victims, and since the police is the first institution that victims facing it, in order to reduce the damages caused by the crime, it can provide various protections to the victims.

Social prevention by police as security guard in society obtain by focus on main social causes of crime and considering them to know the social environment situation for destroying the roots of offences and crime .nowadays in developed countries , the police passed his dictatorship period and began the new period of socialization . in this point police  move toward creating intimate relationship with citizens and informing them . by establishing local police uses from public contribution for reaching to its  most important goals and consider the security as a public product . in social prevention , police create close interaction with families and social , cultural and religious institutions . the police , consider teenagers problems extremely as a main cause of lots of offences in society . by formation of woman police , because of children and women offences wide programs have made for knowing their problems and for obtaining both social and developing prevention uses from religious teaching and create strong interaction with mosques for propagating Islamic orders and well-known recommendations and prohibition from abnegating

Cyber fraud is one of the most important crimes against property and ownership. Despite its many advantages, this space is a suitable platform for committing some crimes such as fraud due to its special features. The main purpose of this article is to explain the challenges of the police in detecting cyber fraud.

In terms of purpose, This research is practical and in terms of implementation method, it is a mixed type of research. The community participating in the research included experts in the field of computer crime investigation, the police, the judicial system, and other related systems. The qualitative statistical sample of 18 people was selected by purposive sampling method based on theoretical saturation and quantitative statistical sample due to the limited number of experts. The tool for collecting information in the present research is an interview in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the opinions of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha test of 86%. Quantitative phase data were analyzed using independent t-test using SPSS software.

FATA police is facing 50 challenges on three levels, the most important of which are: external organizational challenge (weakness of laws and regulations, development of cyber space without regard to its security, access to filter breakers), internal organizational challenge (hiding identity, complexities of cyber crime detection, Weak knowledge of users and lack of timely reporting to the police) and international challenges (weak laws and regulations, lack of facilities and infrastructure, growth of unauthorized and unregulated businesses).

The conclusion of this research have increased the knowledge and awareness of those in charge and can prevent the violation of the rights of those who have lost property, increase the authority of the judicial system and the police, and reduce financial crimes in the cyber space.

The issue of crime scene management is the most basic basis for filing cases. In this regard, the efficient implementation of knowledge management and its practical application in crime scene investigation is an important step in the study of this process, so the purpose of this research is to recognize the position of knowledge management as a powerful tool that includes a set of information, principles and experiences, for It is a crime scene.

In terms of nature, the research is of applied research type and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population includes employees and experts in the fields of knowledge management and crime scene investigation agents, and the sample size of 57 people has been selected purposefully. And the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, its validity was confirmed through interviews with experts and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.863). The method of data analysis is done using the matrix of knowledge management components.

The ability to apply, the ability to combine and produce knowledge, especially indigenous knowledge, is important in crime scene management, so detectives and crime scene investigation experts acquire tacit knowledge from holding workshops, roundtables and scientific meetings, forming focal groups, banks Information, service experiences, ideas, innovation and suggestions, research projects, conferences, think tanks, etc. can act towards the optimal management of the crime scene, and as a result of its continuity, the necessary productivity in the crime scene investigation process is achieved.

The Power to observe the accused is one of the most fundamental Powers of police in various legal systems that have predicted their principles and laws. This Power also guarantees the right to arrest and to have a fair trial.

This paper is descriptive-analytic, and the required information is collected by library method.

The protection of individuals and individuals in the laws of various countries has been taken into consideration. The clarity of the boundary between the restrictions and the mutual immunities between the people and the police is one of the constituent parts of the legal structure of each country. The right to freedom of the citizen, along with the Power to observe the accused, are two inescapable rights to the public order of the states, therefore, the legislator in Iran, in article 32 of the constitution, as well as the different materials of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Criminal Law, have addressed this issue. On the other hand, this component has been foreseen in various legal systems in the United Kingdom's legal systems in the police law and criminal law, as well as in the Criminal Procedure Code of France. The right to freedom of the people requires no person to be arrested and imprisoned except in law. Several national, regional and international instruments have been safeguarded to preserve these basic human rights.

The implementation of the measures taken and the orders issued by the legislator in the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code as well as the French Criminal Procedure Code have made a lot of commonalities, the English legislator has also made innovations that could be used as an opportunity to advance Iran's law.

Mediation is one of the remedies of justice that is used in various ways and widely in different countries.

This paper is descriptive-analytic, and the required information is collected by library method.

Different people play a role in mediation, one of which is the police, who as the first crime agent can play a role in mediation between the victim and the peaceful settlement of the dispute. In each of systems of Iran, England and France, different definitions of the police are different, and the duties and powers of the police vary from one to the other. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the police as mediator in the trials of Iran, England and France, as well as the scope and scope of these authorities to conduct their mediation in criminal proceedings (crime detection, prosecution, investigation, sentencing and execution). The research findings indicate that in any legal system, mediation between the parties can be resolved under the circumstances of the police.

In Iran, the police have mediation at all stages of the criminal procedure (in addition to the crime detection stage) and, if referrals to the judicial authority. Also, in some cases, police carry out mediation through community counseling and counseling units established at police stations and police stations over the past years. In the United Kingdom, according to the 1998 Crime and Disorder Act, the police only mediate in the stages of discovery, prosecution and investigation of crimes and, in other crimes, may refer the case to mediation agencies. In France, according to Article 41 (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, police mediation is only possible at the prosecution stage, and if the prosecutor considers expeditious referral to mediation, he can personally or through a judicial police officer mediate.

In the Criminological study of murder, motivation plays an important role in its realization, the motive that is sometimes called into question, intended and intended to be, is the ultimate goal of committing crime, and the perpetrator is guilty of committing crime. In fact, it can be said that the motive is the motive for committing crimes such as murderous acts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivation in crime and the detection of murder cases, which police can identify with a high degree of massacre.

This research is a descriptive-analytical method for the purpose of applied research.

Analytical and documentary studies show that although motivation in legal studies does not have a special place and can only affect the punishment as a incapacitated direction, it is one of the key topics that criminal investigators have made in terms of crime discovering has been analyzed and reviewed.

Various motives, such as mental illness, betrayal and hatred of life, moral and sexual deviations, theft, revenge, etc., play a role in Murder. This incentive for male victims is more affected by the motive of conflict and Contingency (street crimes) and, more often, female victims are more affected by sexual motives, betrayals and moral deviations (apartment crimes). Paying attention and attention to the killer's motive by the police can play an important role in discovering it.

This study, in order to maintain self-esteem and high rights of children and adolescents, while comparing the responsibility of police in dealing with juvenile delinquency in Iran and England, explains that the need for efficiency and productivity, changing organizational structure, creating a systematic education system, predicting mechanisms Behavior is an effective police communication and predicts the guarantee of effective performance by the police, and the UK is a good guide in this regard. This article, using analytical-descriptive method and in terms of data collection, is a document that the collected material from books, laws and Internet resources have been collected and analyzed. The specialization and training of special police and legal requirements and determination of structured resources is an essential element in dealing with juvenile delinquency that does not have the necessary coherence in Iran. The prevailing pattern of juvenile police in the legal system of Iran and the United Kingdom has been identified and the Iranian police can implement social programs for perpetrators and parents of children and adolescents in addition to prevention, according to domestic laws such as the British police. Due to the early intervention, the special police on the one hand realizes the importance of the age of action of the child and adolescent, and on the other hand understands to the child or adolescent that at this age the responsibility for the illegal act has consequences.

In recent decades, the concept of criminal policy, in its broad legal and socio-political context, has gained attention in continental European countries as a modern system, in contrast to the narrow and equivalent concept of penal policy. Among the studies within this domain, it is noteworthy that this issue has been subject to structural analysis and modeling, taking into account the unchanging elements in any criminal policy, including crime, deviance, governmental response, societal response, and the fundamental and subsidiary relationships between these elements. In this analytical approach, 'crime' is often defined as a violation of necessary legal norms, characterized by normativity and necessity, while 'deviance' is defined as a breach of prevailing social norms or a state of non-conformity with average behavioral standards, often characterized by normality and the prevailing state of behavior. Due to the widespread prevalence of legal norms, such as the divine legal duties, in Islam, the division of norm-violating behaviors into 'crime' and 'deviance' within the concepts mentioned is not particularly practical for studying criminal policy in Iran. Nevertheless, within the Islamic normative system, controlled behaviors are distinguished from free behaviors

The police, as one of the actors in the field of criminal justice, on the other hand, play an important role in advancing the criminal proceedings, achieving the goals of criminal justice and respecting the rights of all citizens involved in criminal proceedings, including victims, criminals, witnesses and informants. has it. On the other hand, due to the tendency of criminal justice policymakers to solutions based on restorative justice, the role of the police in this area and the institution's contribution to the spread of restorative justice has become an important issue in criminal law literature. Therefore, the present study examines and analyzes the process of restorative justice in Iran, France and the United Kingdom as one of the new functions of the police within the framework of the criminal justice system.

In this research, descriptive-analytical study method has been used to find and collect information and to analyze the leading issues and achieve the desired result from various sources such as books, articles, dissertations, Internet references, rules and The regulations should be used in Persian and English in a documentary manner.

The study of restorative justice in the police stage in the three countries shows that all of them use fixed principles and criteria in this field, and Iran, although it does not have a long history in this field, but is rapidly taking steps in this direction.

Background and Goal: 

it has passed 100 Years from emergence of criminology and during this Time multiple Fields and Branches emerged in this Context. Victimology is newest Field of Reaction Criminology considered by criminological Researches. This Paper considers protective Dimensions of Police actions from Victims.

In terms of objective, this Paper is an applied Research and in terms of Methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study.

Victimology begin with negative Approach to Victims as cause of Crime in Crime Commission, but in fallowing especially after decade of 1970 a kind of Movement started for Protection of Victims witch required physical, spiritual and emotional protection of Victims despite causal Role of he/she in Crime occurrence.

In most Cases Police Officers are first Persons respond Victims of Crimes in Police Stations and Patrols. In following these Victims refer Police Officers with multiple Reasons, on numerous occasions and various Times. Due to this Fact Role of Police actions is very important. Because victim-oriented behavior of Police Officers with all kind of Victims (contain general and especial Victims contain Children, the elderly and women) from beginning of Criminal Proceeding is important Step toward justice and preserving of Victim Rights.

Research Context and Goal:

 Requisiteness of observing citizen Rights by general Law enforcements in Police stations and checkpoints was recognized in first time in internal legal literature in Act of respecting to legal Freedoms and Protection of citizen Rights. In recent years Criminal Procedure 2013 emphases observing of this Rights. But despite these effective steps, nevertheless defects of these Acts remained. Acts related citizen Rights considered in this Paper. Goal of this research is Pathology of Acts related to citizen Rights and offering practical Suggestions to Police Officers.

Method of this Article is descriptive-analytical based on library and internet resources. Information’s of research literature, History and concepts gathered trough Taking notes from internal and external books, articles and magazines.

Due to necessaries of identifying probable damages for any reformation of Acts, this research considers Provisions of Act of respecting to legal Freedoms and Protection of citizen Rights and Act of Criminal Procedure 2013. Vagueness of legal Provisions, lack of Sanctions, incomprehensiveness of passed Provisions, and lack of executive Mechanisms for implementing of Duties, Application of additional Terms, lack of well explained Terms and lack of integrated legal Duties are important Problems in provisions of observing Citizen Rights by general Law enforcements. Keywords

In this research, it`s been tried to explain and elaborate the principal and legal framework of the children and Juvenile Police in the context of Iranian police structure.

In addition, the children and Juvenile Justice system , both in domestic and international areas has been. research design: The present study has one introduction and some chapters. While considering the issue of children and Juvenile Justice and Juvenile police , comparative study in  the United  Kingdom country was done. The following results are obtained: By and large , the establishment of children and Juvenile police in Iran is very crucial to the development of this part of government in the field of people oriented activities. Regarding the physical and mental structural juvenile good institutions have created in Police of Iran. The structure of Iran police by using of British police have the ability to adapt to global standards.

Service providers, developers and content producers in cyber space are often non-governmental natural/legal entities. Therefore, ensuring the security of this space depends on the responsible participation and association of nongovernmental organizations with the police in the process of crime prevention and cyber security. In the domestic arena, all individuals and institutions related to cyber activities can directly participate in the security of the cyberspace and be reliable partners of the police, but the main problem in this regard is the way to organize and use and the communication model of these partners with the police in the international arena. And the range of police powers.

The current research is descriptive-analytical and "applied" in terms of its purpose. The method of data collection is also a library with a chip removal tool.

The security of cyberspace, policies, strategies, programs and preventive measures in it are significantly dependent on the private sector, and security in this space should be provided with the view of maximum participation and above all, it should be based on interaction and use of capacity. be in the private sector. Cooperation with the private sector, especially to monitor the main entrances of Internet communication and border crossings, data storage and communication infrastructure, and systems carrying national big data to prevent penetration, variability, maintain integrity and credibility, and exchange secure content. and healthy and awareness-raising and the adoption of appropriate technical measures in parallel with the observance of the fundamental rights of individuals through helping the coherence and coordination of programs centered on the police should be followed for the inherent duty of crime prevention and detection.

conclusion of cooperation memoranda, establishment of international institutions and organizations between the police of Islamic countries, acceleration of the creation of a national information network by using the capacity of the private sector and formulation of frameworks for the cooperation of the private sector with the police by using the capacity of Haya Rapid response teams, establishing contact points with the private sector, especially in the international arena, can help the police in cooperation with the private sector to ensure the security of cyber space.