جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ارزیابی » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

In addition to the distinction between the field of humanities and other sciences in terms of their nature and research goals, different disciplines within the humanities also possess distinct characteristics. This study aims to identify the disadvantages of evaluating humanities research outputs, with a specific focus on the fields of language and literature. It also aims to provide solutions to improve the evaluation of researchers in these areas. 

The present study is an applied type research with a qualitative content analysis method. The study's statistical population included faculty members from language and literature fields with various Persian and non-Persian orientations (English, Arabic, French, German, and Chinese) in Iran. The research sample consisted of 24 individuals, including 19 men and 5 women who were at least Assistant professors from 8 universities: Isfahan, Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Al-Zahra, Shahid Chamran Ahvaz, Shiraz, Allameh Tabatabaei, and Ferdowsi of Mashhad. The participants were selected using targeted sampling and the snowball method. The semi-structured interview was used as a research tool, and MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis software was utilized for coding. Theoretical coding involves three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. To ensure credibility, the opinions of two coders were sought. Also, the results of the coding were sent to three interviewees who played a significant role in expressing injuries and proposing solutions. They were asked to comment on the compatibility of the extracted codes with their own experiences. The terms and details of the work are explained in detail within the plan for the transferability criterion. In order to measure dependability, all the stages and processes of the research were recorded and reported accurately from the beginning to the end, mentioning the details of the data analysis, and excerpts from the text of the interviews were presented. For confirmability, the findings were provided to 5 interviewees and peers to express their opinions about the results. 

Evaluation harms were identified through 62 codes. The concept of science production and the promotion of knowledge foundations were investigated in two general areas (humanities) and a specific area (language and literature) with different components. The general area includes the establishment of policies for evaluating research output, the inclusion of research output ratings in promotion regulations, and considerations of research ethics. The specific area includes the evaluation of research outputs in the promotion regulations, publications, international article publications, theoretical contributions, research style of faculty members, and literary and creative works. The concept of practicality and addressing societal issues also encompasses two aspects: disconnecting the relationship between language and literature fields and society, and teaching language and literature fields. The solutions were presented in the form of 34 codes. The concept of science production and the promotion of knowledge foundations were investigated in two general areas (humanities) and a specific area (language and literature) with different components. The general area includes the development of policies for evaluating research output, the inclusion of research output ratings in promotion regulations, and the improvement of research facilities and resources. The specific area includes the evaluation of research outputs in the promotion regulations, the research approach of faculty members, and research facilities. The concept of practicality and addressing societal issues also encompasses two aspects of applied research: the connection between the disciplines of language and literature and society. 

If the evaluation is conducted accurately and comprehensively, and it clearly indicates the gap between the current situation and the desired outcome, it will minimize trial and error in this field and reduce costs associated with ineffective and unnecessary tasks. It accelerates the steps towards success and progress. The essence of evaluation is optimizing performance. The competition to obtain the best scientific position among researchers, educational groups, and research institutes has gained great importance and momentum. The health of such a competition and its correct orientation will be possible through planning for accurate evaluation, and a review of the evaluation policy of academic faculty members of universities and higher education is one of the fundamental needs in this direction. The results of the present study can be utilized as an effective measure to enhance the current situation.

The upcoming article, which is based on the method of library research and interpretation and analysis, is a fundamental and practical research research, with a critical attitude in the book of Thesaurus of Islamic Philosophy of the Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, and its qualitative evaluation and criticism with the aim of explaining its shortcomings. and their subsequent reviews in the editions to achieve modernity, development and respond to the needs of users with the growing knowledge of Islamic philosophy. Qualitative assessment is in two parts, form and substance. Form assessment including the assessment of alphabetical order, calligraphy, Arabicization, Farsi or Arabic terms. And the substantive evaluation includes the evaluation of the introduction, the geometric concept of science and its prior relations. The findings of the research in the form section include the extensive use of Arabic words, lack of cross-references, lack of division, lack of sufficient use of domain notes, non-standard use of descriptors, non-observance of alphabetical order in the alphabetical display of terms, and the presence of spelling mistakes. . The findings of the research in the substantive part include the explanation of defects in the geometrical structure of philosophy and the hierarchical relationships of terms, as well as the explanation of the error in understanding philosophical concepts and the previous semantic relationships of terms, which in some cases are caused by the error in understanding philosophical concepts or the confusion of concepts and terms. It is characteristic of philosophical systems of illumination, walk and sublime wisdom, which need to be resolved; Because this thesaurus has been accepted by scientific centers as a basis for storing, searching and retrieving information and is being translated in other countries. The proposal of the research is to recommend strict adherence to the thesaurus writing standards in the compilation of such specialized thesauruses, in addition to paying attention to the differences of different schools in the philosophical foundations, which requires the use of expert professors in each school to explain the meanings of terms and their previous relationships. The purpose is to avoid the confusion of verbal commonalities and to protect future researches from this damage.

This study evaluates and ranks the scientific journals of psychology using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. In this study of data envelopment analysis technique, Anderson-Peterson model, CRS and VRS output-oriented, 2018 JCR ratings scientific journals of psychology were evaluated and the top journals ranked. This study has a quantitative approach and is an applied research. The research method is scientometrics and bibliometrics using Operational Research techniques. In this study, using data envelopment analysis technique, Anderson-Peterson model, CRS and VRS output-oriented, 2018 JCR ratings scientific journals of psychology were evaluated and the top journals ranked. Findings show that with the help of JCR indicators and using Anderson-Peterson CRS and VRS model, more accurate rankings of journals can be achieved. The comparison of scientific journals is in the ranking of CRS and VRS models. The journal of Psychological Science in the Public Interest tops in both models. Scientific journals of psychology were evaluated and ranked using the Anderson-Peterson CRS and VRS models. Also, the evaluation indicators of scientific journals in the Clarivate Analytics database were reviewed and the top three journals in 11 areas of psychology and the top 30 journals in this field were identified and introduced. The top 30 journals and their differences in CRS and VRS models were compared and analyzed.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of archival services in archival centers in Iran.

The present study was conducted with a descriptive approach and a comparative causal method. The statistical population of this research was the employees of Iran's archival centers, a sample of 120 people was selected from among them, and the instrument used was a questionnaire. The statistical test used is one-sample T-test, ANOVA test and Friedman test.

According to the answers to the research questions related to each of the archival centers of Iran and in general regarding the quality of archival services, there is a significant difference between the obtained weighted average and the experimental average (5) at the significance level of 0.05. The t value and the degrees of freedom related to each of Iran's archival centers indicate that this difference is significant at the 0.05 level. In fact, the service quality of Iran's archival centers is higher than the desired level. The results of Tukey's post hoc test indicate that this difference is evident between the archival centers of Iran and the Astan Quds document center. Finally, according to the ranking obtained through the Friedman test in terms of prioritizing the quality of archival services in the studied archival centers, it can be stated as follows: 1. Astan Quds Document Center; 2. National Archives of Iran; 3. Center for documents of the Islamic Council; 4. Department of Documents and Diplomacy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 5. Contemporary History Studies Institute; and 6. Islamic Revolution Documentation Center.

The results indicate that the status of service quality of archival centers is higher than the desired level. Also, there is a significant difference between the archival centers of Iran in terms of the quality of archival services, which is evident between the archival centers of Iran and the Astan Quds Document Center. This research is the first research in the field of measuring and evaluating the quality of archival services that has been carried out in the archival centers of Iran.

New software development models are emerging that help in software development by default. Secure software should be defined based on the fundamental framework of the organization and the fundamental framework of the organization's software, which means that the targeted level of security of various software of an organization depends on the business context and the degree of importance of information in that context. Proper support of the software industry requires a precise and appropriate understanding of the state of this industry as an ecosystem and knowledge of the software product. In addition to having technical complexities, the software industry follows certain economic structures and principles, which are very important in the analysis of the existing support regimes. Without having a secure software production line, the possibility of releasing secure software from this production cycle is impossible. Also, the competitive business environment of organizations depends on the software they have in this field; therefore, considering the level of vulnerabilities, it is reported that in the field of software, the existence of a secure software life cycle, which results in the production and development of secure software, is very necessary (Palumbo et al., 2020). Software companies need to develop knowledge in diverse domains. One of the industries that are very important in the transition from the oil economy due to its great potential in the country, and on the other hand, it realizes a part of the knowledge-based economy, is the software industry, which is struggling with many changes and problems. Due to the intensity of changes in technology and its highly competitive environment, software companies are facing many challenges and uncertainties in providing their products or services in the form of value for customers and also in making money from it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a suitable solution for software companies to reach their position and the future that can be waiting for them. The present research tries to consider.
What are the factors and performance indicators of the knowledge management system in the software development industry?

Literature Review:

In the research, Wang, Ding, and Ming Li (2017) presented a hybrid method for evaluating knowledge management performance based on triangular fuzzy numbers and group support systems. The results showed that the evaluation method has a strong practical and operational capability, and in addition, the evaluation is activated using a group support system. The systematic KMPE method based on an index system can improve the efficiency of organizations in the performance evaluation process. The review goes under these subheadings.Pojadi and Sardjono (2018) investigated "Evaluation of Knowledge Management System for Disaster Management Using Factor Analysis". The results showed that evaluation models can be built through the performance of agents, organizational culture, and information through the knowledge management system, management support and participation, access and updating, and information monitoring. Fu, Jiang, and Chen (2020) modeled an organizational knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence in a research. The key technologies that need to be solved to achieve knowledge integration were pointed out, including the integration of heterogeneous knowledge distributed between companies, the integration of correlation and the integration of knowledge and production processes. Fuzzy theory was used to create a knowledge extraction mechanism and reference model library from the project model to the dedicated reference model. Finally, a layered diffusion model was developed that matches the characteristics of online knowledge transfer. Greco et al. (2021) in their research examined "a method for evaluating knowledge management systems". The results show that WikiIEN is the solution most indicated for the larger public due to its more user-friendly interface and workflow, and sufficient feature set that does not depend on external software.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, which was done with a documentary method, meta composite. The meta-composite approach is a type of qualitative study that examines the information and findings extracted from other qualitative studies with a similar and related topic. As a result, the desired sample for the meta-combination of selected qualitative studies is based on the relationship made with research questions (Lindgreen, Palmer, and Vanhamme, 2004). In this research, the combination method has been used in order to compare, interpret, transform, and combine different frameworks and models presented in the field of knowledge management system performance evaluation in the software development industry.

The purpose of this research is to provide a suitable conceptual framework for identifying the performance evaluation components of knowledge management system in the software development industry with a meta-composite approach. Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the field of identifying factors affecting the performance of the knowledge management system, the performance evaluation indicators of the knowledge management system were first extracted by extensive literature study and based on the frequency of evaluation indicators. The goal is to cover various dimensions of knowledge management system evaluation with a comprehensive study. Due to budget constraints and the economic era with uncertainty, knowledge management implementers need to be able to demonstrate the commercial value of knowledge distribution and reuse in the organization. There are two basic points that all organizations should consider when designing success measures. Therefore, based on the presented conceptual model, managers can evaluate the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry by using organizational factors, individual factors, technology infrastructure factors, knowledge management processes, and economic benefits/costs.

Based on the presented conceptual model, managers can evaluate the performance of knowledge management in the software development industry by using organizational factors, individual factors, technology infrastructure factors, knowledge management processes, and economic benefits/costs.

Examining the results showed that components such as organizational factors (culture, senior management support, organization strategy, organizational structure), individual factors (training, employee participation, knowledge and awareness of knowledge management systems, resistance to change); technology infrastructure factors (user-friendliness, data and information security, communication and cooperation methods, degree of integration of organizational systems, knowledge quality); knowledge management process (knowledge acquisition, knowledge transfer, knowledge creation); economic benefits/costs (capital cost, operating cost) affect the evaluation of knowledge management performance in the software development industry.

In this study, comparative comparisons between Simorgh and Mirase Jam-E Jam software have been made and the features and performances of these two software have been described in the IRIB organization.

The present study is of applied variety, and has been done with survey method and an evaluation method has been used to analyze the obtained data.

The findings of this research showed that in the eleven criteria which considered in this study (including; Software technical section, Data input and output standards section, Search section, save and restore, To register and login information, Help Section, reporting section, Security section, metadata standards section, operating system limitations, user interface section) the Mirase Jam-E Jam software is superior to the Simorgh software in six criteria.However, the Simorgh software is also superior in data input and output sectors, search, and save and restore, Help and ultimately in the user interface as compared to the Mirase Jam-E Jam software. In a general comparison, based on all the criteria, the Mirase Jam-E Jam software has superiority with acquiring 53.08 over the Simorgh software with 46.55.

The results of this study showed that both software require major revisions. Although the Mirase Jam-e Jam software is superior, but important parts need to be revision to be more consistent with archival resources.

The present research has evaluated the accessibility capabilities of the user interface environment of virtual teaching systems

The research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a survey method of the type of revelatory evaluation. The statistical population is six virtual & real time teaching systems "Adobe Connect, sky room, Skype, Big Blue Button, Google Meet, Gharar". The research tool is the localized evaluation list corresponding to the virtual teaching systems inside the country in accordance with the evaluation indicators listed in ISO 9241, which indicators have been identified and prioritized using B.W.M. In order to answer the research questions, descriptive statistics and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) model decision making method were used. In this method, the points obtained from the evaluation of each software in each index were multiplied by the B.W.M. weighting coefficient determined for each index and based on the result, the user interface environment of the virtual teaching systems was compared with each other in terms of accessibility features. The research hypotheses were examined through the Kruskal-Walli’s test.

After examining the accessibility features of the user interface of the studied virtual teaching systems, it was determined that Skype, Adobe Connect, Big Blue Button, Sky room, google Meet, respectively, and according to the features related to the accessibility has been ranked first to sixth. No significant difference was observed between of compliance with the evaluation indicators of the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of the virtual education systems in four general indicators in the systems. The highest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to pointer tools and compatibility with assistive technologies and the lowest mean of compliance with the level of accessibility related to keyboard input were detected in the studied community

By using the findings of the present research, we can get a clear vision of the existing reality of the possibilities of virtual teaching systems. The findings of the present research are a guide for the selection and use of the mentioned systems for teachers, officials and managers of education centers. Therefore, conducting this research is necessary to explain the future horizons and it is hoped that it will have a significant contribution to improve the virtual education situation in the IRAN and the results of the research findings can be effective in improving the accessibility of these systems and educational institutions.

The comparative study is considered as one of the most common and widely used methods in social science research, and the adoption of this research method has been growing in recent years. On the other hand, science, technology, and innovation policy-making in different countries (both developed and developing countries) have faced a lot of dynamics. This has prompted policy researchers to adopt a comparative approach, while examining successful and unsuccessful international experiences, to provide recommendations for better formulation of national policies. But this question is raised, what are the foundations and principles of comparative studies, and to what extent have they been complied with in science, technology, and innovation policy studies in Iran? In this research, by using related keywords and searching in selected scientific journals, we evaluated 82 Persian language comparative research related to science, technology and innovation policy. In general, comparative studies are based on four main foundations, including sampling considerations, construct equivalence, analysis approach (variable or case orientation), and issues of causality. Our findings show that most of the evaluated works were not faithful to the main foundations of comparative studies, the main reason for which is often the researchers' lack of familiarity and sufficient mastery of the methodological issues of comparative studies. As a result, considering the importance of the findings of this type of research for policymakers, failure to observe its principles on behalf of researchers can cause problems in the design and implementation of policies.

Citation analysis is one of the most important and valid methods for evaluating performance and research activities. The purpose of this study is to use this method for articles related to Covid -19 between 2020 and 2021. In this study, citation analysis method, 3499 citation status associated with covid -19 diseases exceeded the website of the Web of Science, between 2020 and 2021. Excel software has been used to analyze the data. Of the 3499 citation, the most writer, Abdulhamid et al. The most detailed paper, Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Primary ... and the most detailed theme or keywords related to Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids; Chronic Heart-Failure, ... and the highest rate of citation for articles was also related to Article. Also, in examining the language of citations, citations were the most cited to English articles, and in the case of the citation process, 2020 were more cited than 2021.Discussion and Citation analysis is a quantitative method of qualifying science in examining the status of references to resources, which is done correctly with full bibliographic information

This paper aims to evaluate the quality of services provided by mobile websites of Iranian academic libraries.Research

This research uses a quantitative content analysis methodology. In this research, using a purposive sample, 20 top universities affiliated to the Ministry of Science Research and Technology (MSRT), and 20 top Islamic Azad Universities (IAU) listed in ISC have been chosen. Data gathering tool is a standard checklist by Torres-Pérez (2016) which evaluates the quality of services.

The results indicated that the quality of services in mobile websites of MSRT is higher than average, and IAU’s are lower than average. In the ranking of service quality, Tehran University, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and University of Mazandaran acquired highest scores. Also, the results revealed that there is no correlation between rankings based on the quality of academic libraries' services and their university ranking in the ISC.

Considering the wide range of users, it seems that paying attention to the quality of services in the design of the mobile website of academic libraries makes it easier for users to visit it, use more library services, and eventually increase the efficiency of library services.

The present research has been done with a view to identifying and ranking the supply chain risks in digital libraries of state universities in Tehran based on the 2018 version of ISO 31000.

The present research is an applied one and to implement it, survey and analytic methods have been applied with Shannon entropy to weight risks and fuzzy TOPSIS to evaluate them. Primarily the most important risks were identified using the relevant resources and the results of previous researches; a process which led to the formulation of a questionnaire with 5 components and 109 items. The stability of the questionnaire was calculated based on the internal consistency coefficient & Cronbach alpha coefficient using SPSS software. The resulted value in each aspect of the questionnaire amounted to more than %98 and then the analysis and ranking of the risks were carried out using the above-mentioned techniques.

In this research the risks of supply chain have been evaluated in 5 sections: suppliers, production & digital resources management, distribution of digital resources, services to users and common risks among the components of supply chain. In the suppliers section the risk index of  "The fluctuation  of exchange rates" has the highest rank(=%73), in production  and digital resources management, the risk index of "The strategy of collection development of digital resources" has the highest rank(=%73), in distribution of digital resources section, the risk index of "Possibility of rendering  web-based loan services in the digital library" has the highest rank(=%84), in services to users section,  the risk index of "The possibility of searching by means of any browsers in the digital library" has the highest rank(=%88) and in the common risks among the components of supply chain section, the index risk of "The increase of hardware prices of the components of supply chain due to the fluctuation of exchange rate" has the highest rank(=%82).

The risks based on their ranking and by applying the TOPSIS technique in the supply chain of digital libraries in the universities of Tehran in order of importance that is from number 1 to number 5 include: "risks of suppliers", "common risks among the components of supply chain", "risks relating to services of users", "risks involving the production & digital resources management", and "risks involving the distribution of digital resources".

The purpose of this study is to "design a model for evaluating the responsiveness of Iranian university library services".

In this research, a qualitative model for evaluating the responsiveness of library services in the university libraries of the country was developed using a qualitative method. The study population consisted of 15 university library managers and librarianship experts who were selected by snowball method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in this study.

according to the weight obtained in the coding stages, user satisfaction indicators, employee information literacy, use of service innovations, application of technology, service delivery as an underlying process, access to information, holding training courses In line with the goals and continuous and regular assessment of service quality, they were able to gain the most weight. In order to design the relevant model, 9 components were identified, which are 1- Leadership 2- Policy 3- Employee Outcomes 4- User Outcomes 5- Employees 6- Processes 7- Community Outcomes 8- Key Performance Outcomes and 9- Partnerships and Resources.

 According to the designed model, it seems that the components of leadership, policy and strategy, as well as processes will affect employees, partnerships and resources, and thus affect the results of employees and users. The results of the model also show that the results of employees and users affect the results of the community and ultimately the key results of performance. This model is useful for comparing the responsive quality of a library service with other academic libraries.

This study aimes to develop and present a model for evaluating the impact of humanities research in Iran.  In the present study, the mixed method approach, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, was used. The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase used the Meta-Synthesis method to identify the dimensions and indicators of the impact of humanities research. In the second phase, the goal was to validate the indicators from the perspective of experts and a model was developed via the fuzzy Delphi method. The statistical population in the first phase included 58 documents related to measuring and evaluating the impact of humanities research, and in the second phase, it was experts in the field of research assessment based on sampling.  Using seven Meta-Synthesis steps, 6 dimensions, 25 criteria and 123 indicators were identified as model elements for evaluating the impact of humanities research. Fuzzy Delphi was performed in two stages to validate the model elements at the level of dimensions, criteria and indicators and the opinions of the experts were applied. Analyzing the results of the fuzzy Delphi demonstrated that the experts agreed on all dimensions, criteria and indicators, while eight indicators scored very low and were thus removed at this stage. Accordingly, a multidimensional model was designed. Analyzing the results of the fuzzy Delphi demonstrated the policy dimension had the highest, and the social and cultural dimensions had the lowest level of agreement among others. Prioritizing the criteria, in the scientific dimension, “scientific contribution" was the most important followed by, "education" in the dimension of capacity, "innovation" in the economic dimension, "social justice" in the social and cultural, "production of goods and services" in the performance, and "demand" in the policy dimensions were the most important criteria, respectively.Conclustion: This multidimensional model provides an efficient coherent system for evaluating the impact of research in the field of humanities for policymakers and researchers, and facilitates decision making regarding scientific investments.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining library services to the blind and visually impaired and providing suggested solutions to public libraries in Iran.

This research is an applied research in terms of nature and purpose and was conducted with using a survey method. The research population consisted of librarians and managers of 46 public libraries under the auspices of the Public Libraries of the Country, which had a section for the blind and visually impaired and their special services. The data collection tools were two questionnaires designed by the researchers, the first for librarians in the mentioned section, and the other for the managers of these libraries, based on the standard of public library services for the blind and visually-impaired compiled by the Public Libraries Foundation in 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

The findings of compare mean statistical hypothesis test, considering the fact that the significance level is less than 0.05 and the confidence interval of the difference for the variables of "special services for the blind and visually impaired, the status of information resources and the status of manpower working in public libraries in Iran" are positive, these variables follow the standard level more than the average. Moreover, for the variables of "building, equipment, hardware and software for the blind and visually impaired in public libraries of Iran", the significance level is less than 0.05 and the negative ranges of the mean difference demonstrate that these variables follow the standard level less than the average.

Based on the research findings, there is a need for more compliance with the standard under review, especially in the field of construction and equipment. It seems that in addition to the development of the standard, the executive guarantee of the implementation of the standard by the public libraries of the country is necessary and will help in improving services to the blind and visually impaired.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the growth or decrease of scientific output in the field of information retrieval in the Web of Science Citation Database from 2010 to 2017.

The research is applied and uses scientific indices to evaluate the scientific outputs of the field of information retrieval and the statistical population includes all records of the Web of Science Citation Database.

The findings showed that molar, H. was the top author in this field with 36 records, and the United States was the top country with 1984 records. The NATIONAL DELA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS Institute was recognized by producing 235 records best Institute and LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE with 915 records best Journal. Computer science was introduced as the top subject area with 8241 records. An article entitled Graph Regularized Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Data Representation received the highest citation (including 585 citations) as the top information retrieval article.

The results showed that the growth of scientific productions in the field of information retrieval did not follow a steady trend and declined during 2011-2012 as well as in 2017 and during the period of 2013 to 2016 with a growing trend in this field.

Concerning the importance & necessity of using OCR programs in library and information centers, this research aims at evaluating the new Persian OCR programs (Sakhr and Google). Analytical exploratory research method is used and data are gathered in a practical way through purposive observing the cases. Checklist is used as the gathering tools. Results of the study show some good and bad specifications in both programs. The outcome part of the Google program is acceptable with fewer errors but in other outcome module characteristics such as word recognition, Sakhr program did better. Due to the availability of “Google” software only through the Internet and the possibility of uploading only 20 pages at a time, there are usage restrictions for the user.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate and to rank the usability components in OJS, Sinweb, Yektaweb and Neoscriber3 journal management systems, as well as to observe each component Measure on each system separately. The survey population consists of users of 4 most used systems such as Sinaweb, Yektaweb, and Neoscriber among 13 OJS at Iranianmedical sciences universities. Evaluation of each interface was based on 4 layers of editors, reviewers, authors, and regular users. Four layers were selected for each system and 5 users for each layer in each system. In total, 80 users completed the research questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The results shown that the consistency component in Sinaweb system was lower than Yektaweb, OJS and Neoscriber 3 systems, while it was not significantly different in the other three systems. The flexibility average of the systems interface was below middle, the user guidance average of the systems was in the middle and other areas were above average. However, averages showed that consistency of Yektaweb is more than neoscriber3 and then neoscriber3 is more than OJS. Also, there were no significant differences between the four systems in other components including compatibility, flexibility, learnability, minimal action, minimal memory load and perceptual limitation. From the userschr('39') point of view, it seems that the most attention is in the components of compatibility and consistency, and the least attention is in the components of flexibility and user guidance among the journal management systems studied. Also, the most important weaknesses include direct manipulation and apply settings in the system, lack of use of shortcuts and replacements keys and etc. and the strengths, including the use of consistent icons on different pages, familiarizing users with concepts and terms used in the system and etc. These strengths and weaknesses make it easier to select the appropriate systems for other scientific organizations and centers. Weaknesses can also be developed by system administrators and technical teams to gain desirable usability and find ways to attract the attention of other countrieschr('39') journals as well as internationalization. Moreover in this study, a new tool (not using in Iran) was introduced to be used in similar studies by librarians and system managers to select various kinds of information systems based on the applicability criteria.

Peer review means the process of checking the work done by referee to ensure that the work ‎meets certain criteria. This study, with a brief description of the performance, history, scope of peer ‎review, seeks to clarify the complex social interactions of individuals directly and indirectly involved in ‎peer review by introducing a variety of bias studies.‎Methodology‏:‏‎ The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its content is collected through ‎review of resources.‎

Despite its importance to the scientific community, it is often criticized for its shortcomings. ‎Bias is one of the shortcomings that is known about peer review. Issues such as author nationality, ‎nationality of reviewers, publishing, interdisciplinary research, gender, organizational affiliation, author-‎referee dependency, etc. are effective in evaluating peer reviewers, which has produced different types ‎of bias in peer review. Experimental findings do not provide an accurate picture of this‏ ‏subject.‎

In the ideal world, reconciliation must be independent of the social identity of the writers ‎and referees and the theoretical cognitive bias of the referees; and the writings must be based on ‎originality, innovation, and impact. Because of the subjective nature of the existing peer review system, it ‎cannot be expected that the peer review system has a high level of objectivity and will act without bias ‎and divergence of tastes related to the cultural identities, social interests and professional and intellectual ‎expectations of the judges. Although it is not entirely possible to eliminate bias in arbitration, ‎understanding the types of bias involved in this practice may help to reduce bias by the referee and ‎increase the accuracy of the match. Scientific review and empirical research in evaluating the peer ‎review, providing ethical standards for authors, referees and editors, and peer reviewers training can be ‎ways to improve the peer review system. ‎

This paper seeks to improve the performance of Iran in higher education from 2013 to 2017 according to the indicators determined based on the country's comprehensive scientific plan and the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan. This is a descriptive-analytic study that was compiled and analyzed using UNESCO statistical data and the Center for Research and Planning in Higher Education in Iran. In some of the indices, Iran had a desirable function and in some, it had a poor performance. Indicators such as the gross enrollment rate, the share of graduate students, the share of associate students, the share of doctoral students, and the contribution of faculty members were close to the desired upon the policy documents. However, indicators like the number of basic science students, the total number of graduates, the number of faculty members in one million, the student-faculty ratio, the proportion of students to the full-time faculty of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the ratio of students to staff Scientific full-time Ministry of Science and Technology, the number of foreign students, The number of universities and centers that ranked 10% in the global ranking, as well as the share of higher education expenditures on a gross domestic product by the government, were far from the amount approved by Iran policy documents, which needs more attention by policymakers. Furthermore, the findings of this study presented that the indices of the "System of Monitoring and Evaluation of Science, Technology, and Innovation of the country", presented by the Supreme Council of Science, Research and Technology need to be revised, regularly.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the Iran Scientific Information Database (Ganj) using user engagement scale.

This research is an applied one. A standard questionnaire for User Engagement Scale was used to collect the data, which is composed of four scales including Focused Attention, Perceived Usability, Aesthetic Appeal, and Reward. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The population of this study is the graduate students of Tabriz University, of which 50 students who declared their readiness to participate in the research was selected as sample.

Results showed that the Focused Attention scale has the lowest and the Perceived Usability scale has the highest average score in both systems. The mean scores for the Attention, Perceived Usability, Aesthetic Appeal, and the Reward were 2.28, 2.77, 2.31, and 2.57 in the previous version of Iran Scientific Information Database (Ganj), and were respectively 2.56, 2.91, 2.79, and 2.84 in the new platform of the same database.

Although new platform of ISID (Ganj) is relatively better than its previous version in term of UES, However, in order to improve the user engagement in the new platform, it is necessary to pay more attention to the principles of user interface design.