جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Mashhad city » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Accessibility is the key to high-impact social conditioning as well as the secret behind successful city spaces. For this purpose, this study endeavors to investigate the accessibility and social interactions of people in Mellat Park of Mashhad city (as the most important park with an urban function). The descriptive-analytical study and its variables include: the spatial location of the elements of the park and the degree of the correspondence of public traffic. The mass of the sample with regard to the number of visitors and the type of statistical tests, was determined to be 200 people. After conducting documentary-based research and composing the conceptual model of the research, all elements located within the park (including 920 locations), were extracted using a GPS device and were saved in the location database. Three models were utilized as a means to analyze the data, including: 1) classic statistics (quantitative and experimental tables), 2) spatial positioning and its criteria (connection, choice, interconnection, width, and depth), and 3) structural equations. The results indicate that, from the perspective of accessibility, Mellat Park is functionally diverse. On the other hand, the estimation of the spatial positioning criteria demonstrates that a part of the park is not placed within the walking area of visitors. In addition, the results of the survey also indicate that people are unaware of the locations of some important elements. The findings of this study concerning the patterns of people’s interactions indicated that, in spite of the relatively proper interaction of the people with each other, these interactions were not deep and only included short chats. Also, the results of the structural equations demonstrated that, among the locations within the park, the Martyrs’ grave, the coffee shop, the sports equipment, the lake, and the green area play the biggest role in initiating social interactions. Deductions based on the findings of this study indicate that, the three subjects of functional diversity, spatial positioning, and the value of the elements within the space can be considered as major factors for the realization of widespread social interactions within the background of urban areas.

Female spaces are important topics in urban studies. The performance of some of these spaces (such as jewelry stores) is such that they attract women's population in a meaningful way without the requirement of limiting the presence of men. Therefore, the present study intends to evaluate the pattern of gold shops in the urban spaces, while choosing two regions with different income status from Mashhad and show the visible differences in the distribution of such spaces (according to the income level of each region). and what unwritten rules does this model follow? The descriptive-analytical study method and the statistical population also includes all gold shops located in areas 1 and 5 of Mashhad (including 630 gold shops). In the first step, after creating a location database in ArcGis, the location of gold shops was determined based on the information available in Mashhad Municipal Union Bank. In the continuation of using 7 variables (from the locational characteristics of gold shops and the elements of the spatial structure of each region), including the absolute location, size, time of establishment of each gold shop, proximity to surrounding uses, roads and communication arteries, the population and the population of women, the spatial differences regarding the establishment of gold shops were investigated. . The investigated models include "density model", "center of gravity", "standard distance", "nearest neighbor", "spatial autocorrelation" and "spatio-temporal model". The results show that in developed areas, women's spaces are less consistent with the distribution of women's population, while in low-income areas, women's spaces are more compatible with local elements such as proximity to bus stations, local arteries, and residential spaces. . At the same time, the common point in this regularity is the prosperity of these spaces over time. which seems to lead urban spaces to become more feminine in the future.

nvestigating the relationship between urban green space on air pollution and respiratory mortality in Mashhad using linear regression was done in 2018.

The study method in the present research is descriptive-analytical, which investigated the relationship between variables using GIS and TerrSet software. Therefore, in the first step, after receiving air pollution concentration data from 23 air quality control monitoring stations in the city of Mashhad and applying the necessary corrections to it with the interpolation method in GIS software, the distribution and distribution of pollutants was prepared in the form of a map. In the second step, the statistics related to Mortality due to respiratory death was received from Ferdous organization of Mashhad city and the distribution and density map of respiratory deaths was drawn. Finally, the obtained maps were called in TerrSet software and the relationship between variables was measured using the linear regression option.

The results showed that the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the north and northeast, carbon monoxide in the north and central areas, and the concentration of respiratory deaths in the northeast were higher than in other places. The relationship between air pollutants and respiratory mortality with urban green space using linear regression also indicated that the variable of green space with nitrogen dioxide has a correlation coefficient of 0.11, carbon monoxide has a coefficient of 0.03 and respiratory deaths has a coefficient of 0.046.

The results showed that despite the low correlation coefficients, the increase in urban green space has led to a decrease in air pollution and the number of respiratory deaths in Mashhad.

Innovation: 

Among the most important innovative and practical aspects of the research, we can mention the spatial distribution of respiratory deaths in Mashhad in 2017 and its relationship with urban green spaces.

In today’s world, more people experience elderly, due to the increase in life expectancy and longevity of people in different societies compared to the past. Leisure time significantly, contributes to the lives of the elderly. So, the development of the tourism industry is very important. As a religious site in Iran, Mashhad is considered a tourist and pilgrimage city. This study was conducted to analyze and investigate the significant relationship between the experience economy, the formation of the mental image of the destination and senior tourism behavior to develop senior tourism. The samples include senior tourists who visited Mashhad. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed and the results were studied considering the COVID-19 pandemic. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were confirmed. The questionnaires were analyzed through SmartPls and examined to determine the relationship between the variables in the modeling. The results showed that the most important component of the experience economy is aesthetics with a coefficient of 4.08 and the least important component is education with a coefficient of 3.59. The most important component of tourism behavior is the emotional component, with a coefficient of 4.32 and the least important is the cognitive component, with a coefficient of 3.85. The results also show that there is a significant positive relationship between tourism behavior and the components of the experience economy (emotional dimension, cognitive dimension, loyalty, memories and mental image). This relationship is confirmed statistically because the significance level of all the components is less than 0.05.

Considering the location of vital centers in the heart of the cities, they are more affected by unexpected events. Hence, due to the probability of the loss of existing services and devastating effects on the social organization and the necessity to prepare essential needs of people and military agencies, planning and building the storage for essential items as a replacement for the damaged services are considered a critical factor in social and defensive reliability. This research tries to locate stockpile of essential Items in Mashhad by emphasizing passive defense criteria and analyzing stockpiles of essential items in terms of form communicational structure. The type of research is applied, and the research method is in theoretical discussion and formulation of mental models, descriptive-analytical and information-gathering methods, documents, questionnaires, and interviews. Moreover, the information analysis method is with the IHWP model in GIS software in the locating section. In the section on examining architectural patterns and forms is content analysis. The research results show that 20.61 percent of Mashhad has an optimal location potential, and 0.94 percent of city also has a favorable potential for location. Also, parts of the north-east and south of the city have the priority for location. The types of spatial organization of the rectangular form, including centralized, four-armed, introverted, and diagonal, were investigated in the architecture department. The centralized form is preferable to other forms for its capacity and access to exits and spatial organization

Urban development plans are one of the planning tools in the urban planning system of Iran. However, in a few studies, the use of the proposed land use of the master plan in the cities of Iran has been investigated, regardless of the type of land use and based on the spatial location of the proposals. In this article, the implementation of the land use plan proposed by the first and second comprehensive plans of Mashhad has been studied. In order to achieve this goal, the present study has used the descriptive-analytical research method and the spatial compliance-based evaluation method. Data collection tools in this article are documentary and library data and data analysis tools based on quantitative and qualitative methods of spatial analysis in ArcGIS software. The research findings show that in general, the rate of land use realization of the proposed comprehensive plans of Mashhad in the periphery of the city and new developments is significantly less than the central areas of the city. Also in terms of area, the proposed land use of about half of the city area has been achieved in both master plans. In the first master plan 47% in the total of fully realized and relatively realized areas and in the second master plan 48% Percentage achieved. It is suggested that similar research be conducted in other cities of the country.

This paper aims to identify the effective parameters in the location of parks using the DPSIR model and to analyze the shortcomings and inconsistencies of green spaces in Mashhad.

The research is descriptive-analytical, and the study method is DPSIR pattern. The method of collecting data is based on documentary and fieldwork. After assessing the current situation and identifying deficiencies using the DPSIR model, driving forces, pressures, status, effect, and response are identified, and ten criteria for suitable location are extracted. SDSS and GIS have been exerted to analyze the data.

The findings show that only 22% of the residents are close to the parks. Additionally, neighboring parks are incompatible with (cultural and educational) land uses, and only 36% are nearby. In terms of the new perspective, green space is a place not only for ecological efficiency but also a place for social returns. So, its real per capita is 4.17 square meters, which is very different from the per capita the responsible institutions give(14.16 m2).

The results show that the driving forces include population density, unplanned development of the city, change of usage, and weak urban planning laws, and the pressures on the urban environment include the increase in building density, changes in lifestyles, informal settlements, and the existence of more than 25 million pilgrims annually. Among the effects of this deficiency, we can mention the destruction of ecological quality, the reduction of the aesthetics of neighborhoods and the increase of air pollution, the reduction of the sense of social interactions, and the reduction of social vitality.

Innovation: 

The innovative aspect of this paper is integrating the DPSIR model and the principles of the minimum distance allocation model. Therefore, this research goes one step further. After evaluating the environmental condition of Mashhad city through the DPSIR model and providing answers, it presents them as solutions to solve problems in the form of GIS maps of proposed parks in different areas.

Identifying the behavior of tourists and explaining the behavior of the researchers has been one of the important topics of tourism, and the current goal is to evaluate the factors on the behavior of domestic and foreign tourists of Mashhad with the geographical region.

This research is a descriptive-analytical survey with the aim of developing the regulation and information in the field and using a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistically, there are domestic and foreign tourists, and based on the recorded statistics, the number of incoming tourists in 2018 was 22,025,167 and the number of foreign tourists was 1,239,926. According to Cochran's formula, there were 384 Iranians people as a statistical sample for tourists and 384 people were obtained as a sample of foreign tourists’ statistics and were distributed among the statistical population through random sampling method.

According to the findings of the questionnaires, it was found that the behavior pattern of tourists shows that foreign tourists travel a greater distance from Razavi Holy Shrine (65 km) for tourism elements available around Mashhad city. Therefore, their behavioral pattern is scattered. This is while domestic tourists are mostly located around the Holy Shrine and up to a radius of 30 kilometers from the Razavi Shrine, and their behavioral pattern is clustered around the Shrine of Imam Reza (A.S.).

The results obtained from the analysis of the questionnaires were determined; the economic factor with an average of 3.7 has the greatest impact on the behavior patterns of tourists, and the environmental factor with an average of 2.7 has the lowest value, and among the factors affecting the spatial behavior patterns of foreign tourists, the highest average is related to the socio-cultural factor with 3.3 and the lowest is related to the physical-infrastructural factor with 2.09.

The green economy is one of the most important manifestations of the integration of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and without it, sustainable development will not be achieved. The purpose of this article is to identify the components and constructive indicators of the green economy in conjunction with the reduction of urban poverty in Mashhad.

This research, in terms of method, is apart from quantitative-qualitative research, in terms of purpose, it is apart from applied research, and in terms of nature, it is among descriptive and analytical research. In the first step, by using the information of the statistical blocks of the Statistics Center for the city of Mashhad in 2016, it has been done to identify urban poverty areas using spatial analysis in the GIS software environment. Then, in the identified poverty areas, the effect of green economy indicators on reducing urban poverty was investigated and analyzed using Pearson's correlation tests and regression of the indicators.

The findings of this analysis show that the components of the green economy including access to resources, human capital, economic structure, green management, green investment, green jobs, and green transportation significantly explain the urban poverty of Mashhad, which amount It is equal to 87.3 percent.

Considering that the components of the green economy significantly explain the urban poverty of Mashhad, necessary planning should be done in this case.In this research, solutions based on the green economy have been presented in order to reduce poverty in the poor areas of Mashhad city.

Cities are the focal point of many concerns that affect their sustainability. Urban livability is associated with quality of life, sustainability, quality of place and healthy communities.The livability of cities is highly influenced by the actions of urban management as the main custodian of city affairs, and the balance between these two sectors promotes urban livability.

The present study has a practical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature and has been done by quantitative method and by distributing a questionnaire among 384 citizens of the 6th and 9th districts of Mashhad metropoli. The collected data were evaluated and analyzed using SPSS software and t-test as well as structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS software.

Findings show that in the current situation, the livability dimension in Region 9 is at a desirable level with an average of 3.97.  The average dimensions of urban management in region 9, with an average of 3.14 shows a higher than average situation.  The average dimension of livability in region 6, equal to 3.034, the situation is above average and the dimensions of urban management equal to 2.40, which is undesirable. The results showed that in terms of how urban management measures affect livability, in region 6 the index of livability services (access, environment, housing, health) has a high impact and has a direct relationship in region 9 investment index with all five  Resilience index (access, environment, housing, health care, security) has a strong impact and a direct relationship.

There is a need to promote the current situation of both urban management indexes and livability measures in Mashhad. Results also show that urban management can affect many of livability measures and therefore requires a careful considerations.

As human knowledge advances in various fields, the probability of their vulnerability to natural and man-made crises has increased significantly.One of the important issues from the perspective of crisis management is to identify suitable places for deploying vulnerable uses in order to provide quick assistance in times of crisis.The present article seeks to locate these uses based on efficient criteria in the city of Mashhad.The method of the present study is descriptive and location and is applied in terms of purpose. Gathering information from library sources and published documents and statistics.Numerous criteria were determined using the opinion of experts and determining the degree of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and prioritizing vulnerable users was done with the help of confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical analysis and related software.Based on the combination of different layers of information, it was possible to determine the degree of vulnerability. Therefore, based on the analysis, some vulnerable areas are not in a good position in terms of criteria. A suitable model was proposed.

The Land surface temperature is one of the most important factors in controlling the biological, chemical and physical processes of the earth.Land surface temperature data provide information about the spatial and temporal changes of the Land's surface on a global scale.Land surface temperature is used as the main parameter in many studies, including energy stock estimation, humidity and evapotranspiration, climate change, urban heat islands and environmental studies. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the temperature of the Land surface in order to plan its use. In general, LST investigation is important and necessary to deal with interdisciplinary issues in earth sciences, urban climatology, environmental changes and human-environment interactions. LST can provide important information about surface physical properties as well as climate, which plays a vital role in many environmental processes. In such a situation, LST maps, which are prepared from satellite images, are a desirable option because they provide a permanent data collection.

 Many algorithms have been used by researchers to estimate LST using satellite images, especially thermal bands. In this research, Split window and Mono window algorithms are used from Landsat 8 satellite images to obtain land surface temperature (LST) in Mashhad city.The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of the Land surface temperature and also to determine an accurate method for preparing the Land surface temperature map.In the present study, using the Split window algorithm, the land surface temperature (LST) data was used from the TIRS sensor in Landsat 8. Also, in addition to TIRS, OLI sensor data are also needed to estimate LST when using the Split window algorithm. In the first stage, the OLI bands of Landsat 8, bands 3, 4 and 5 are layered on top of each other and the NDVI image is produced using bands 4 and 5. The FVC image is obtained using the NDVI image. FVC is calculated by considering the fraction of vegetation in the area. The split window algorithm uses the FVC image to generate the land surface emissivity (LSE) image. The LSE image measures the internal characteristics of the Land surface, which shows the ability to convert thermal energy into radiant energy. Estimating land surface emissivity (LSE) requires soil and vegetation emissivity for bands 10 and 11. LSE images from bands 10 and 11 are obtained separately and then the average and difference of LSE are calculated. The NDVI image is classified into soil and vegetation and is obtained separately for soil and vegetation. Landsat 8 has two TIRS bands. TB, or brightness temperature, is estimated for bands 10 and 11. The thermal calibration process is done by converting thermal digital numerical values (DN) of thermal bands 10 and 11 of the TIRS meter to spectral radiance of the atmosphere (TOA) and then to TB. Finally, LST is estimated using SW, TB, average LSE, LSE difference and water vapor constant.

The results showed that the temperature of the Land surface calculated by the Mono-window and Split-window method compared to the air temperature calculated in the desired weather station showed a difference of 5.1 and 1.7 degrees Celsius respectively. Therefore, it can be said that the Split window method has higher accuracy and the temperature obtained from it is more consistent with the actual temperature.The regression analysis between the results obtained from these two algorithms for LST shows the value of R2 equal to 0.96, as shown in Figure 8.The close correlation between the LST retrieved using the Split window algorithm, with the LST retrieved from the Mono window algorithm, shows that they can be transferred with a small accuracy error.The difference in LST estimation from Mono-window and Split-window algorithms can be attributed to the spectral bands and atmospheric water vapor content used in LST retrieval. The SW algorithm uses two spectral bands (band 10 and 11) with wavelengths of approximately 11 and 12 μm, while the Mono-window algorithm uses one spectral band (band 10) with a wavelength of approximately 11.5 μm to retrieve LST.  In addition, the SW Split window algorithm uses the water vapor content of the atmosphere, which represents the true value of the prevailing conditions at the site. On the other hand, the water vapor content of the atmosphere is not used in the Mono window algorithm. The water vapor content of the atmosphere is a sensitive parameter that affects the climate and the temperature of the Land surface. Since two spectral bands are used in the SW algorithm to determine the emission rate and brightness temperature, and these values are used together with the atmospheric water vapor content in LST retrieval, the SW algorithm is able to record the conditions in the region more accurately. and provide better results compared to the Mono window algorithm.

The results showed that the air temperature calculated by the Mono window and Split window method compared to the air temperature calculated in the desired weather station shows a difference of 1.7 and 5.1 degrees centigrade on average, respectively. Therefore, it can be said that the Split window method has a higher accuracy and the obtained temperature is more consistent with the actual temperature. The calculated LST values ​​can differ by up to 5 degrees Celsius with the observed air temperature measurement at the station. In the parts covered with greenery, there are low LST values, while in the southeast with barren lands, non-cultivable lands and urban areas, there are high LST values. The results of this research can provide planners and experts with useful information about the temperature status of different regions where the possibility of building weather stations is impossible, and identifying regions with the potential to create thermal islands and its relationship with land use. and provide protection of natural resources.

Cemeteries are historically, culturally, architecturally and archaeologically valuable resources. The cemetery space is not only for the dead, but also for the living because of their beloved graves.. Due to the expansion of Mashhad in terms of geography, population and the problems related to Behesht Reza Cemetry, Mashhad city managers have designed Behesht Rezvan Cemetery in north of Mashhad. The aim of this research is to investigate the social and environmental impacts of the cemetery on rural settlement around. The study is "applied" in terms of purpose and is "descriptive-analytical" in terms of method and nature. The statistic population consisted of residents of 5 villages located around Cemetery of Behesht Rezvan (N = 933). The sample size was 144 inhabitants of the sample villages, based on Cochran formula that were selected randomly. Questionnaire was used to collect data and measure research variables. The validity of the indices was evaluated and judged by 10 experts in the field of urban and rural planning studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed highly by the Cronbach's alpha test (0.895). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in factor analysis method. The results of reduction of 23 variables showed 8 extracted factors that explain %71.54 of variance and indicated satisfactory factor analysis and the variables studied. Accordingly, the most important social and environmental impacts of Behesht Rezvan Cemetery are the factors of environmental health reduction with variance of 19.058, decrease in life expectancy with variance of 15.729 and security, psychological and psychological problems with variance of 12.157. According to the results of one-sample T-test, factors of life expectancy (10.777) and environmental health (10.382) had the highest impact on rural life. The results of the ARAS technique and the ranking of the sample villages confirmed that the impacts of cemetery on the nearby villages were greater and Gonbadvaz and Kalateh Timur villages were most affected.

The flow of tourism indicates the spatial displacement of tourists in a region, while also the ‎spatial distribution of tourists throughout the tourist destinations is influenced by many factors. ‎Therefore, recognizing the most important factors affecting tourism flows helps to develop ‎tourism. Therefore, in this study, the main goal is to identify the most important factors affecting ‎rural tourism attraction streams. The research is a practical methodology in terms of descriptive-‎analytical methodology and in terms of purpose. The sample of the research includes 30 experts ‎in the field of tourism who have been selected by snowball method. The study area is rural ‎tourism destinations in the field of tourism influence of Mashhad. To analyze the findings, SPSS ‎software, PLS structural equations and DFAHP multi-criteria decision making model have been ‎used. In this study, the variable of tourism absorption flows using 7 factors in the form of 31 ‎components has been studied. The findings show that the highest mean belongs to the average ‎accessibility index of 3.82. Also, the study of factors using single sample T-test, PLS path ‎analysis and fuzzy Delphi analytical hierarchy process showed that the most important factors ‎are accessibility, attractions and spatial-spatial factors. The study of components using DFAHP ‎model also showed that the components of accessibility quality, accommodation facilities and ‎accessibility are the first to third priorities affecting the creation and strengthening of tourism ‎attraction streams.‎

Destruction of the natural and human environment as a result of population growth, industrialization, and the development of cities has now become a big challenge for cities, especially metropolises, and has turned cities into the focus of environmental policies. Considering that the metropolis of Mashhad suffers from all kinds of pollution and environmental problems, any appropriate action to manage this situation and solve the problems would be based on the recognition of visible and hidden triggers that cause the situation and their effective mechanism. This study aimed to explore the situation of Mashhad city using DPSIR model as one of the proposed models for environmental cause-effect analysis. The statistical population of the study is Mashhad city based on seven dimensions studied in the environmental development document of Mashhad city (2016). After identifying DPSIR factors for each dimension, the most important and effective factors were identified, and then based on the finalized factors, cause-effect analysis was performed. The results showed that the expansion of urbanization, urban population growth, migration and marginalization, industrial growth and development, lifestyle and tendency towards greater well-being, rapid development of technology, climate change, and the lack of integrated urban and environmental management are the most important driving forces that have led to responses in a series of cause-effect relationships.

Today, cities are like a large and complex organization, where citizens are considered the main element of the organization. Organizational citizenship behavior as extra-role behavior can effectively improve the tasks and roles of organizations. Considering the importance of cities in terms of the influence of urban planning on organizational citizenship behavior, there is a need to identify the components of organizational citizenship behavior in cities. Therefore, the aim of this descriptive research is identifying and prioritizing the components. Data collection was done using library studies and 384 questionnaires. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinion of several experts in this field and the reliability of the questionnaire is based on Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis method and the prioritization was based on Friedman test. The results show that there is a significant correlation among the main variables including motivation, response, stimulus, reinforcement and attitude. The motivation and response variables have a higher priority among other variables, so the results indicate that, in prioritizing the behavioral components of the organizational citizenship in the urban planning system, managers and urban planners should consider citizens’ motivation of Mashhad in urban planning.

One of the corrective measures and improvement of incorrect processes and existing problems in the preparation of these plans is pathology of urban development plans. This research tried to gather data in this regard using the mixed method. The analysis was done using MAXQDA and SPSS software. In qualitative stage for identify the most important damages and in the quantitative stage, Friedman's test was used to prioritize the results. The results were obtained from two levels (the country and the city of Mashhad). The first one through the review of 44 related documents and the second level through interviews conducted with 16 experts in the executive and theoretical fields. The results showed that a total of 68 damages are involved in urban development plans. There are 56 damages in the field of preparation, 6 damages in the field of perspective and 6 damages in the field of supervision. The results of Friedman's test showed the most important damages of Mashhad city development plans in order of priority are in preparation (average importance 28.1), implementation (16.5), perspective (14.3). In this way, inter-institutional parallel work, planning product and policy selection were determined as three important issues respectively regarding the damages. Weakness of plan preparation consultants, ignoring the role of the city, neglecting necessary issues, and haste in approval have the least impact on the development plans of Mashhad. Regarding the documents, the most important problematic priorities were preparation and implementation. Three important issues in the pathology of development plans at the country level are inter-institutional parallelism, lack of expert staff in municipalities, and ignoring the social issues of the plan.

In this regard, the aim of the present study is to Examining the relationship between social capital and sense of security of Afghan immigrant(Case study:Mashhad city)This research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data needed for the research was collected by the document-questionnaire method.To measure the sense of security and social capital, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, The statistical population of the present study is all Afghan immigrants in the city of Mashhad(400 thousand)and the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula with the maximum error rate (P and Q) equal to 0.5, 372 people. SPSS and SmartPLS softwares were used for statistical calculations for structural equations and variables.The structural dimension of social capital with a factor load of(0.581)shows the greatest effect on the sense of security of immigrants, and social capital in their case has been able to explain(0.459)of the variance of the sense of security.Also the results showed that the communication network was able to be significant with a factor load(0.582)in relation to the sense of security of Afghan citizens, and social participation was not significant in this regard.Finally the relationship dimension of social capital(social trust;social commitment)and the security of Afghan immigrants wasnot confirmed due to low impact.The amount of social capital and sense of security in the case of Afghan immigrants is higher than the expected average, and the share of capital has exceeded the amount of security.

When cities become the property of the municipality or the government, people do not feel a sense of belonging and responsibility as tenants of the city. For this reason, the municipality has to bear the cost of running and managing the city. The costs of managing and maintaining these collections are often met in the worst possible way. But if people feel belonging and start building places, they will accept the cost and responsibility of running the city. To test this hypothesis, the current study aimed to assess the reasons and contexts for this spirit by examining the views of people who are best prepared to manage and administer the city. The study method was descriptive and analytical. The required data were collected from a sample of 383 households in 13 urban neighborhoods of Mashhad. These data were analyzed using Spearman, regression, Friedman and ANOVA correlation coefficients. The results showed that the people who are most prepared to participate in the city administration process live in certain neighborhoods. In these neighborhoods, the perceptual-semantic, social, managerial-policy, physical and economic dimensions have suitable conditions. The prioritization of the relevant dimensions shows that the sense of belonging and ownership of the place has played a much greater role than the physical and managerial actions of the neighborhoods. Therefore, the best driver for the participation and presence of the people in the administration of the city is its administration by the people and with the help of the government.

This study has identified the components of tourism in the smart city and their impact on the current and future situation of Mashhad. At first, a list of all experts in the field was prepared and their participation in participating in the interview was measured by the contacts made. Finally, 15 people announced their readiness. All interviews were recorded and analyzed in Max Kyoda software using open source, axial and selective analysis methods to 26 indicators in the form of 4 main components. After determining the components and sub-components, the final output was in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire and in the second round was distributed among the members of the previous stage. After collecting the questionnaires and entering them in Spss software, the first question of the Thomas Cohen agreement coefficient test was taken to check the amount of agreement reached. According to the coefficient obtained, the condition of agreement was established and approved. After that, the current situation of the city was measured from the perspective of 26 indicators obtained using the chi-square test; The results showed that the current situation of Mashhad is not favorable from the perspective of smart tourism. Pearson correlation also showed that all 4 components have a direct and significant effect on tourist attraction. Therefore, components such as accessibility, sustainability, digitalization and creativity and cultural heritage have the greatest impact on the status of smart tourism in Mashhad at the destination. Finally, through linear regression, the trend of independent variables (intelligence) on tourism attraction was predicted and the results showed that the significant level of indicators of digitalization, accessibility, creativity in heritage and future sustainability have the greatest impact on tourism. And attracts tourism.