جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مهندسی بافت" در نشریات گروه "زیست شناسی"

Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune and chronic disorder that has spread rapidly all over the world due to lifestyle and obesity. In this study, we are trying to find an effective step in controlling diabetes by designing an engineered tissue and grafting it to different sites in the animal model. Uterine endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSCs) were prepared using the enzymatic extraction method and PAN nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning method. EnMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and transplanted into diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. The engineered tissue was transplanted in one group peritoneally in the abdominal cavity and the other group subcutaneously. Also, in another group of rats, EnMSCs were injected through the tail. After transplantation, blood glucose, insulin, and weight of rats were measured. The findings of the present study showed that the method and area of stem cell transplantation play an important role in the control of diabetes. In the groups receiving EnMSCs, glucose concentration, blood insulin level, and body weight were improved compared to the control group. Compared to other groups, glucose concentration decreased significantly and blood insulin level and body weight increased significantly in rats receiving a peritoneal transplant. In the subcutaneous transplant group and the injection group, there was no significant difference in the investigated criteria. According to the results of this study, transplantation of EnMSCs using PAN scaffold in the peritoneal site can be suggested for the treatment of diabetes, although more studies are needed in this field to provide a complete treatment.

Stem cells are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into specific cell types under the influence of their microenvironment. It is known that matrix chemistry controls stem cell differentiation. Single cell encapsulations of the Mesenchymal stem cells into a semi-permeable microgel, allows a greater control of the stem cell fate. In this study, a chip for single-cell encapsulation was designed and fabricated using microfluidic technology. By using microfluidic chip, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are encapsulated inside alginate and alginate-poly-l lysine (PLL) microgels. The results of long-term viability of MSCs inside alginate-PLL microgels, shows a significant increase compared to alginate microgels. Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation in alginate-PLL microgels also increased significantly on days 14 and 21. It seems that PLL improves cell adhesion and function by creating a positively charged matrix. Microscopic studies indicate that the morphology of the cells inside the microgels is spherical. However, the average diameter and volume of cells in microgels containing PLL are smaller than others, which indicates more proliferation and space limitation inside the microgels. Therefore, single cell alginate-PLL microgels provide a suitable substrate in clinical studies for tissue engineering, organ transplantation and cell therapy.

Occurrence of various types of incidents such as road accidents, damage and injuries during sports activities as well as some diseases can lead to the destruction and resorption of osteochondral tissue and cause many problems in health and quality of life of the patient, therefore control and repairing these defects is one of the major challenges in the field of regenerative medicine. Since osteochondral defects involve damage to both articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone, the demands of bone, cartilage, and bone cartilage interface should be taken into account for repair. Current clinical therapies are more palliative and less therapeutic. Hence, due to the limitations of existing treatment methods over the past decade, the use of tissue engineering as an effective and low-risk treatment method for the treatment of many diseases, especially bone-cartilage lesions has been introduced. In this approach, some of the limitations of previous methods could be overcome by transplanting osteochondral composite tissues, which have been obtained by combining patient's own cells with three-dimensional porous biomaterials of predetermined shape and size. So far, various strategies for scaffold fabrication have been used to repair osteochondral defects, including single-phase, multilayer, and graded structures. In this study, some common strategies in tissue engineering as well as the challenges ahead are briefly discussed.

Tissue engineering is an emerging field based on the three elements of cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules, and can be a useful method for treating muscle injuries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on skeletal muscle decellularization scaffold. First, BM-MSCs were extracted from rat leg bone marrow and cultured in vitro. The identity of the cells was assessed using flow cytometry. The extracted rat skeletal muscle was decellularized using a 1% SDS solution. The decellularization process was investigated by Masson Trichrome, and Alcian blue and DAPI staining.BM-MSCs were cultured on decellularized scaffolds and treated with 1 mM AA for 2 days. Then, the survival and viability of the cells were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and MTT methods, respectively.BM-MSCs had a spindle morphology, and the results of flow cytometry showed the expression of CD44 and CD90 and the lack of expression of CD45 and CD34 in more than 90% of the cells. The staining verified the preservation of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and the absence of DNA in the decellularized tissue. MTT results showed that AA significantly increases the viability of BM-MSCs (P<0.05). Also, the SEM results showed that the cells in the group treated with AA were more proliferated. In general, AA can improve the efficiency of muscle tissue engineering by increasing the viability of BM-MSCs.

Tissue engineering refers to methods that are based on the use of scaffolds, cells and biologically active molecules to produce tissues with specific functions. The purpose of tissue engineering is to build structures that can regenerate, maintain and improve damaged tissue or the whole organ. Today, by using tissue engineering methods, various natural and synthetic scaffolds have been designed that can be used for nerve grafts. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the scaffold must be similar to the extracellular matrix of the body in order to avoid adhesion, growth and support the differentiation of cells. An ideal neural scaffold should have biodegradability, biocompatibility and proper tensile strength. Recently, the use of polycaprolactan as a suitable biodegradable material has been evaluated in many fields of tissue engineering. Antioxidants are among the substances, which seem to be able to prevent neuronal death by reducing the amount of ROS. Flavonoids include many compounds that have various biological effects in the body. Silymarin (Silybum marianum) is a flavonoid that has many effects, including anti-cancer effects and antioxidant properties. Tragacanth is a known natural polymer that has excellent biological properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, antibacterial and wound healing ability. It is obtained from the stems and branches of the Asian species tragacanth. It has outstanding structural stability against heat and acidity. The aim of this study is to produce polycaprolactan/ tragacanth /silymarin nanoscaffolds and to investigate the viability of pc12 cells on the scaffold under oxidative stress. Considering that silymarin has antioxidant properties, the use of polycaprolactan/ tragacanth /silymarin nanoscaffolds can prevent neuropathy of nerve cells.

Scaffolds used in this research were prepared using the electrophoretic method. For this purpose, an electrospinning machine was used, which is equipped with a rotary collector with a thickness of 70 mm and a width of 50 mm. In order to prepare a polycaprolactan/ tragacanth nanoscaffold and load silymarin on it, a 7% polycaprolactan solution (dissolved in acetic acid), 0.7% by weight tragacanth solution (dissolved in acetic acid) and 0.9% by weight silymarin solution were mixed by a magnetic stirrer for 20 minutes, and in order to make the solution uniform, sodium didecyl sulfate (SDS) with a concentration 1 percent by weight of the solvent was added to the solution and the suspension was homogenized for 20 minutes with an ultrasonic device, then the scaffold was prepared by an electrospinning device. . The nanofibers were collected in a period of 6 hours, the sample collection speed was 1 ml per hour, and the nanofiber samples were collected by rotating at 250 rpm. The distance between the injection needle and the scaffold is 12 cm and this process is done at a voltage of 15 kV. The morphology of the scaffold was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical structure of the scaffold was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. To investigate the antioxidant properties of the scaffold, glucose 80 mg/L and H2O2, 150 macro L were used.

Examining the morphology and chemical structure of the scaffold showed the proper porosity of the polycaprolactan/ tragacanth scaffold and the successful loading of silymarin on the scaffold. Evaluation of the oxidant properties of the scaffold after 24 hours of PC12 cell culture on it showed the increase in cell viability on the scaffold and the appropriate antioxidant properties of the scaffold.

The results of this research showed that the enrichment of polycaprolactan/ tragacanth scaffold with silymarin increased the proliferation and survival of PC12 cells under oxidative stress. Therefore, this scaffold can be a suitable candidate for tissue engineering in oxidative stress.

Tissue engineering is a new approach to regeneration and repair lost or damaged tissues. The aim of this study is to design and manufacture polycaprolactone (PCL) randomly electrospun nanofiber scaffold for use in regenerative medicine.

Human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were isolated (from superficial layer of abdominal fat), cultured (in DMEM/Ham'sF12 medium) and characterized (flow cytometry for CD29, CD73, CD34, CD105 and CD45). Electrospinning was used to produce PCL nanofiber scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the binding, penetration and morphology of hADSCs, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used to determine the toxicity of scaffolds.

Flow cytometry showed extensive expression of the CD29, CD73 and CD105 (positive) and very low expression of the CD34 and CD45 (negative) in hADSCs. The results of MTT assay, showed the viability and proliferation of hADSCs which were seeded on the nanofiber scaffold. Microscopic photographs of SEM, showed hADSCs attached to PCL nanofiber scaffolds and migrating.

The results of this study showed that electrospun PCL nanofiber scaffolds are suitable for implantation, binding and propagation of hADSCs.

Nowadays, researchers have made extensive efforts to find new treatments for nerve damage. Meanwhile, the role of exosomes in cell-cell communication is considered to be a new mechanism. Exosomes can act as suitable differentiating agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiating effect of cerebrospinal fluid-derived exosomes on adipose mesenchymal stem cells in alginate hydrogel. Exosomes were extracted from the cerebrospinal fluid by ultracentrifugation and were then identified by atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM and DLS technique. In addition, Adipose Mesenchymal Stem cells in alginate hydrogel were treated with different concentrations of exosomes. Cell survival was assessed by MTT and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide methods. Cell differentiation was processed by immunocytochemistry and Real-Time PCR. Examinations confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate size of 70 nm. Cell survival results indicate that he ability of cells to survive and proliferate during 14 days. Also, the expression of MAP2 proteins (microtubule-associated protein 2) and Nestin (intermediate filament protein) was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The results of Real Time - PCR showed that during the seventh and fourteenth days the expression level of MAP2 gene increased and the expression of Nestin gene showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. This study showed that exosomes extracted from cerebrospinal fluid can cause neuronal differentiation of Adipose mesenchymal stem cells in alginate hydrogel scaffolds.

Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach to develop new appropriate treatments for bone tissue damage. One of the important goals in this field is to fabricate the scaffolds by mimicking the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to study the fabrication of polylactic acid/Laponite (PLA/LAP) scaffold and to investigate the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on it. First, PLA scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning technique, and then LAP (0.8 wt%) was coated on it. The morphology of the scaffold was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The chemical structure of the scaffold was evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and its hydrophilicity was tested by measuring the water contact angle. Finally, the biocompatibility of the scaffold and cell viability tested with MTT assay was performed on hBMSCs. The results of scaffold morphology showed a successful coat of LAP 0.8% on the surface of PLA scaffold. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of PLA scaffold improved after coating with LAP 0.8%. The Biocompatibility of scaffold up to 24 hours and hMSCs viability up to 72 hours after cell culture were confirmed (p≤0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that PLA/LAP of 0.8% scaffold can be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications by maintaining biocompatibility and cell viability due to the presence of ions in LAP nanoparticles.

This study aimed to investigate the topography surface and ability of this scaffold in combination with the mesenchymal and fibroblast cells. In this regard, several different ratios of hydroxyapatite / ostrich eggshell scaffold were created to determine the surface properties and responsiveness to the cells with different types of hydroxyapatite/ostrich eggshell (OsE/HA) combinations (ratios 0-1, 1-2, 1-1, 2-1, 1-0). Natural biomaterials including ostrich eggshells which contain the minerals such as calcium carbonate, play a major role in the fabrication of hard tissue scaffolds. Surface characterization was investigated using SEM and recognizing the scaffold properties by XRD, FTIR. Finally, direct contact (toxicity) test with fibroblast-like cells (L929) was performed to study the cytotoxicity response. After the scaffold toxicity test, the material was ready for in vitro acceptance test, which mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the adipose tissue of New Zealand white rabbit (RADMSCs) which kept with this bioscaffold. This study's results showed that this scaffold has the best biocompatibility and the highest surface lacuna for cell adsorption and attachment with hydroxyapatite / ostrich eggshell. Bioscaffold OsE/HA with the ratio of 1-2 has the best cell attachment among other groups. Natural biomaterials with synthetic materials can promote the bone tissue engineering in many ways.

Fibrinogen is a major component of the coagulation cascade following tissue damage and rapidly forms an insoluble fibrin scaffold. Fibrin is a filamentous biopolymer that naturally forms from fibrinogen polymerization during blood clotting. After tissue damage and coagulation cascade initiation, soluble fibrinogen polymerization by thrombin enzymebegins and forms an insoluble fibrin network and blood clots with platelets. This fibrin network is crucial for the development of homeostasis after tissue damage. This biopolymer also plays a key role in the wound healing as a temporary scaffoldand due to its unique structural properties and physiological function; it is used in reconstructive medicine. Fibrin is able to absorb extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) such as fibronectin and growth factors. The main types of fibrin scaffolds like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are being used as autologous biomaterials in reconstructive medicine, wound healing, orthopedics and skin reconstruction and cosmetic sciences. Fibrin derivatives and degradation products also play an important role in the process of wound healing by stimulating cell infiltration and tissue regeneration and they are being widely used in developing new products as a biological material for over a century.

The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility effect of PLGA/HA scafffold on osteoblast differentiated from hEnSCs. We aimed to evallute the adhesin of cells on scaffolds. hEnSCs were isolated from human endometrium tissue and induced the osteogenic differentiation, then the differentiated cells were cultured on PLGA/HA synthetic scaffolds. A nanocomposite scaffolds based on PLGA/HA were fabricated by electrospinning methode and behavior of differentiated osteoblast cells was evaluated after seeding cells on this scaffold. Osteogenesis was investigated in terms of attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Morphogenic of cells in scaffold was evaluated by SEM and biocampatibility of this scaffold was confirmed by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed osteoblast differentiation. SEM studies showed that the surface properties of scaffold were desirable and the cells had the ability to attach and proliferate better on the nanocomposite scaffolds. It has been shown that the nanocomposite scaffolds have appropriate properties to support the attachment of differentiated osteoblast cells.

In this research, design and fabrication of graphene reinforced nano-composite scaffolds for neural induction in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has been considered. Polycaprolactone / nano-graphene composite scaffolds with 1%, 3% and 5% wt. graphene were firstly fabricated by the solvent casting method. Subsequently, hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity of the nano-composites were measured. According to the results of the mentioned physical experiments, the appropriate scaffold with the optimal ratio of nano-graphene was selected and cellular morphology, metabolic activity and neural differentiation potential of cultured DPSCs on it were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MTS assay and Immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Conductivity results demonstrated that by adding graphene to pure polymer, the electrical conductivity of the composite considerably increased. The addition of 5% wt. nano-graphene to the polymer can also reduce contact angle amount from 99.89±2.86° to 64.03±3.36°. Finally, SEM and Immunofluorescence images with MAP2 marker illustrated that the cultured cells on the surface of optimum scaffold differentiated into neuron-like cells with neural morphology. The results of this study showed that conductive polycaprolactone containing 5% graphene nano-composite scaffolds have the appropriate potential for induction of neural differentiation and application in neural tissue engineering.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bovine chondrocytes growth on new polymeric nanofibers silk fibroin/kitosan scaffolds, designed by authors, to form the cartilage tissue. Material and Methods: The chondrocyte cells isolated from three calf articular cartilage were loaded on the scaffold. After a monthof incubation, cells morphology was studied by SEM and the rate of cell growth by H&E and DAPI staining. To assay chondrogenesis in the culture, production of collagene was assayed by masson’s trichrom staining and formation of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and Proteoglycan was assayed by DMMB and “safranin O” staining. The results showed that the cells attached and proliferated to scaffolds very well. The number of cultured cells after one month proliferated by 4 to 5 times. Masson’s trichrom, safranin O staining and GAG assay showed cartilage tissue production in the scaffolds. According to the results, the scaffold of nanofibers Fibroin silk / chitosan could be a good scaffold candidate for cartilage tissue engineering. This is due to the nature of the proteins in silk fibroin and polysaccharides in chitosan for cellular attachment and also the diameter close to the diameter of extracellular matrix proteins in these scaffolds.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast on prepared polycaprolactone scaffolds by electrospinning method, which is located under the surface modification by oxygen plasma.
Material and After isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord, flow cytometry analysis was performed. Biocompatibility of scaffold was examined using MTT assay. Cells morphology and their adhesion characteristics on the scaffold surface were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images. Also biodegradability of scaffold calculated using weight loss method. Finally, for study the differentiation of cells on the scaffold surface, osteogenic differentiation medium was used and differentiation was performed by red alizarin staining and RT-PCR.
Results showed that the cells not only had more suitable connection and reproduction abilities on the scaffold, but also were morphologically in a natural condition. Polycaprolacton scaffold is enjoyment of high biocompatibility and its biodegradability up to 15th day done with more rates in comparison with 15 next days. Also red alizarin staining and RT-PCR results showed high rate cell differentiation on polycaprolactone scaffold.
The obtained results of this research suggested that polycaprolactone scaffolds have potential usage as biocompatible biomaterials in tissue engineering and osteogenic differentiation applications.

Aim: The goal of tissue engineering is regeneration and restoration of damaged tissues and organs. Scaffolds are the main part of tissue engineering ¡and gelatin/chitosan surface modification is one of the proper methods for surface modification of polymer scaffolds. Evaluation of fibroblasts behavior on gelatin/chitosan coated supramolecular PCL (SP-PCL) was the aim of this study.
SP-PCL nano-fibers were prepared by electrospinning. Morphology of the nano-fibrous mats was investigated using scanning electron microscopy MTT assay was performed to examine cell activity on the nano-fibers. DAPI staining was carried out to evaluate cell viability.
The SEM images of the cells onto the scaffold showed good biocompatibility of the scaffold. In addition, the MTT assay results showed a proper metabolic activity of cells on the scaffolds The sPCL nano-fibrous mats coated with gelatin-chitosan blend show significantly (p The experiments showed that the nano-fibrous electrospun SP-PCL coated with gelatin/chitosan blend, provides a suitable environment for fibroblasts adhesion, and proliferation, possibly because of similarity to nano-fibrous natural ECM network.

In this study, it was done to evaluate the efficiency of both PRP and Fibrin Glue scaffolds in producing suitable environment for the growth of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the preparation of PRP and Fibrin Glue Scaffold were carry out and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. The mesenchymal phenotype of these cells was determined by mesenchymal surface marker using flow cytometry. Then, MSCs were cultured, and on the third passage (P3)stage, they were seeded separately on the two scaffolds and after 48 hours of cell culture, the ability of the scaffolds seeded cells was evaluated by MTT assay for cells viability. Flow cytometry results showed that human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell expressed CD44, CD90 and CD105 surface markers. Also, the results of this study showed that the active PRP could be creating a more suitable environment for the survival and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells in compare with Fibrin glue It is suggested that the PRP as a protective scaffold could be used for mesenchymal stem cells growth to provide effective strategies in order to tissue engineering development and regenerative medicine.

Aim and Tissue engineering is a science using advanced techniques to repair damaged tissue and cause their recovery and reconstruction. The success of this process requires the presence of optimal and effective factors. Among the important factors in this success is to use appropriate scaffolds with wonderful mechanical and biological properties to provide an optimal growth environment and appropriate condition for the differentiation of stem cells. In this research, the evaluation of PRP and PLGA scaffolds efficiency in producing suitable environment for growth of mesenchymal stem cells was carried out. In this study, after preparing PRP and PLGA scaffolds and isolating mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, the cells were seeded separately into two scaffolds and after 48 hours of cell seeding, the cells viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Our findings showed that both PRP and PLGA scaffolds were used as an ideal environment for the culture and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. The obtained results of this study using MTT assay indicated that when the active PRP are used with mesenchymal stem cells, its efficiency was higher than PLGA. It seems that using PRP-derived scaffolds as a protective scaffold is better to be considered for mesenchymal stem cells growth to provide effective strategies for the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Aim and Tissue engineering is a promising area in biomedical engineering to repair or replace the function of defective or damaged tissues or organs. Recently, tissue engineering has provided a new medical therapy as an alternative to conventional transplantation methods by using polymeric biomaterials with living cells. The scaffold provides the microenvironment (synthetic temporary extracellular matrix) for regenerative cells, supporting cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and neo tissue genesis due to their suitable chemical, physical and biological. In this research, chitosan/laminin nanocomposite was exploited as scaffold for suitable cell proliferation. Freeze-drying technique was used to fabricate chitosan/laminin-nanocomposites for L929 fibroblast cellsseeding, proliferation and attachment. The physico-chemical properties of the scaffold were fully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Consequently, the biocompatibility of scaffold was evaluated by biocompatibility test. The microstructure observation with SEM suggests the formation of cylinder-shaped porous structure and interconnected porosity. Our results demonstrated that the nano-sized chitosan/laminin scaffolds are nontoxic and biocompatible which can promote proliferation and attachment of L929 fibroblast cells. And their appropriate adhesion to nanocomposite for improved tissue engineering applications.

Valvulardiseases are a common problem and valvular replacement is usual treatment for valvular destruction. Tissue engineered heart valve has some advantages, that make them an interesting alternative for previous valves. the aim of this study is measurement of biochemical factors for evaluation of short term efficacy of tissue engineered heart valve. This study was undertaken on 5 male sheep with average weight of 45-55 kg. They have been of-feed 24 hours before of operation. The tissue engineered heart valves were placed in thoracic aorta and after surgery they connected to ventilator under SIMV mode. We took arterial blood sample every hours for 12 hours and evaluated, PCO2, PO2, tCO2, SO2, Hct, Na+ and K+. Arterial blood sample has been taken from auricularis artery. Blood pH fell down in all sheep after surgery but in two sheep as a result of sever blood loos during surgery pH went up toward acidosis, finally after 12 hours pH in all sheep was in normal range. After operation PCO2 was low an PO2 was high because of mechanical ventilation. All the factors backed to normal range after 12 hours of operation. this study shows biochemical factors had fluctuation in first 12 hours but after 12 hours most of them backed to normal range.

In this study we were investigated the importance of the preparation method of the substrate based on PLGA polymer by electrospinning and freeze-drying method. To investigate the effect of nanotopogeraphy on cell behavior، the prepared nanofibers were compared with each other in three speeds of the collector. PLGA substratums were made by electrospinning and freeze-dying. The morphology of the structures was compared by use of the Scanning electron microscope images. Mouse fibroblast cells (L929 cell line) were seeded on substrates to determine the cell viability and followed by MTT assay. Scanning electron microscope images showed that، by increasing the speed of collector، the nanofibrous orientation increased. MTT assay (p< 0. 05) showed in 24 h that PLGA substrates prepared by freeze-drying method were provided the appropriate attachment for the cell by producing a porous structure. Cell viability was significantly increased on the PLGA nanofibers with increase of fibers regularity after 48 and 72 h cell culture. This feature did not change on freeze-drying substrate. The findings were indicated that electrospun PLGA nanofibers had the better performance to provide cell behavior. It was expected because of similarity to the structure of the natural extracellular matrix. It seems that aligned fibers acted as a positive factor to support cell proliferation.