جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سلول بنیادی مزانشیمی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, non-hematopoietic precursor cells that can be found in many adult tissues. The multipotency and immunomodulatory potential of MSCs make these cells a remarkable tool for the treatment of some diseases. It seems that stimulation of toll-like receptors expressed on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells may potentiate the immunomodulatory potential of these cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of polarized bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from mice on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells.

MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of the femur and tibia of NMRI mice. The third passage of cells was treated with LPS and Poly I-C, then the effects of polarized MSCs, as well as their culture supernatant, on the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against lymphoid cancer cells Yac-1 (as target cells), were evaluated using flow cytometry after 12, 24, and 72 hours.

MSCs treated with LPS and Poly I-C, and their respective culture supernatants, decreased the percentage of dead cells (necrosis and apoptosis) (38% and 35% respectively) compared to untreated MSCs (44%). In the case of cell viability, this effect was the opposite; that is, the untreated cells showed higher viability.

Previous studies indicated that MSCs inhibit the expansion and cytotoxicity of NK cells on tumor cells; however, our results revealed that MSCs treated with LPS potentiated the inhibitory effects of MSCs on NK cell activity.

Infertility is actually a lack of fertility in couples that has not conceived despite a year or more of trying to reproduce. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of swimming training, cell therapy and vitamin E consumption on testosterone and Lc31 and P62 genes in the testicular tissue of azoospermia model rats.

In this experimental study, forty 6- to 8-week-old rats were randomly selected, and then the azoospermia model was induced with the busulfan at a dose of 40 mg. After one month, the rats were divided into 8 groups: 1) control, 2) patient, 3) sham, 4) patient + exercise, 5) patient + supplement, 6) patient + cell, 7) patient + supplement + exercise, and 8) patient + cell + exercise. Stem cells were transplanted in the vas deferens at the rate of one million cells for each mouse, they received an oral solution of vitamin E at the rate of 100 mg/kg by gavage, also the training groups performed swimming training continuously with a constant intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate for 8 weeks, 30 minutes a day, 5 day of the week. Testosterone levels were measured by ELISA and the expression of P62 and LC31 genes in testicular tissue was measured by Real Time PCR technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 26). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Induction of azoospermia significantly decreased testosterone levels and the expression of Lc31 and P62 genes in testicular tissue compared to the control group (P≤0.05), but showed a significant increase in the supplement, cell, exercise, exercise+supplement and exercise+cell groups compared to the patient and sham groups (P≤0.05).

In the present study, the synergism of swimming exercise with vitamin E and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow in improving the autophagy flux in experimental rats with azoospermia was observed, which may be effective in increasing testosterone or even fertility.

Human mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into the mesenchymal lineage that can be isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue or from umbilical cord blood and fetal tissues. Among the widely characterized in vitro properties, MSCs show strong anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on immune responses Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues are promising cell-free treatments for tissue damage repair. Exosomes serve as a potential portal for cell-free drug delivery systems, as these drugs possess the properties of the parent cell from which they are derived. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in cell biology and may provide new clinical diagnostics and therapies. Exosomes, called extracellular vesicles (EcVs), are present in almost all cells, tissues, and body fluids. They contribute to intercellular signaling and maintain tissue homeostasis. The biogenesis of exosomes starts in the endosomal system. Researchers have identified 9769 proteins, 2838 miRNAs, 3408 and 1116 lipids present in exosome of mRNA cargo. Isolation of exosomes from cells, tissues and body fluids follows a different pattern. Exosomes interact with receptor cells through their surface receptor molecules and ligands and are internalized into receptor cells through micropinocytosis and phagocytosis. This varies depending on the origin of the EV, its physiological and pathological state, and even the exact site of cellular release. The composition of the protein inside can also indicate the presence of disease pathologies such as cancer or inflammatory diseases; However, exosomes also contain a number of common proteins as well as proteins involved in vesicle formation. Advanced technologies in regenerative medicine have caused researchers to use exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high regeneration ability in diseases. Exosome cargo plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment by controlling the disease process. Various studies in laboratory conditions have shown the effectiveness and therapeutic potential of exosomes in cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. This article describes the therapeutic role and potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the necessary precautions for their processing.

The skin, as the outer layer, protects the body against external factors. Wounds can negatively affect its performance. Wound healing includes three stages of inflammation, proliferation, and regeneration, which begin immediately after injury. Also, some factors such as infection, obesity and diabetes can disrupt the natural healing process that leads to chronic wounds. Various surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to manage chronic wounds, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, and skin grafting. These treatments have advantages and disadvantages. Recently, stem cells have been used as a surgical treatment for chronic wound healing. Stem cells are highly proliferative cells that can maintain their ability to divide and regenerate for a long time. Among the different types of stem cells, MSCs have many advantages such as ease of harvest, availability, and multilineage differentiation capacity for cell therapy. In addition, they showed some properties that could be useful in the clinical application of ASCs, including angiogenesis, immune system modulation, and improved tissue regeneration. This study was conducted by collecting data from reliable scientific sources from April 1401 to January 1402 at the Research Institute of Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Several studies have shown that ASCs can be a suitable candidate for wound healing due to their special characteristics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the use of ASCs in wound repair and healing as a new strategy in the treatment of skin problems.

Mesenchymal stem cells are a promising approach for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Engineered scaffolds loaded with cells is one of the methods of cell transplantation at the site of injury. However, viability of the cells loaded in the scaffold is still a challenge. Growth factors have a proven role in increasing the metabolic activity of cells. Amniotic membrane solution is a rich source of growth factor. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of amniotic membrane solution on the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro.

Amniotic membrane solution was prepared by enzymatic method in predetermined concentrations. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded in hydrogel were treated with different concentrations. The viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity of the cells were evaluated.

Cytotoxicity of amniotic membrane solution was measured by MTT method. Increasing the concentration from 0.1 to 1 mg/ml did not show any toxicity, and at the concentration of 1.5 mg/ml, a decrease in optical density (OD=0.58±0.012) was observed compared to the control (OD=0.39±0.014). The metabolic activity of the cell loaded in the hydrogel at a concentration of 1 mg/ml had a significant increase compared to the control group ( p 0.012) and the amount of DNA content in this group (19.6 ± 0.9 ng/matrix) confirmed it.

It is suggested that amniotic membrane solution as a rich source of growth factor with an optimal dose of 1mg/ml increases the viability and metabolic activity of the MSCs-loaded scaffold for cell therapy.

In the 80s, cord blood stem cells were used for the first time to treat diseases in humans, and contrary to the opinion of the opponents of using this new cell source, the result was satisfactory, and since then, cord blood has been an important source for cell therapy in humans. Considering the dominant approach to increase the clinical use of umbilical cord blood and the expansion of experimental and research studies in this field, this review article has discussed the current applications and future perspectives while examining the biology of cord blood stem cells.

To conduct this review, the key words “cell bank, umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly, stem cell and mesenchymal stem cell” were searched in PubMed and Google scholar databases in the period from 1990 to 2022.

Cord blood cells have significant biological differences compared to other sources (bone marrow and peripheral blood).The absolute number of lymphocytes in cord blood is higher than the peripheral blood and the relative number of natural killer cells in cord blood is higher. Also, cells derived from umbilical cord blood have longer telomeres and more self-renewal capacity than peripheral blood and bone marrow, which makes them very potent.

Conclusions :

This source is of interest not only because of its high immunomodulatory properties in the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune and systemic diseases, but also because of its anti-inflammatory properties, high differentiation ability and high proliferation capacity, as an ideal option for cell therapy in diseases in addition to hematological disorders. In addition, the preparation, processing, maintenance and storage of cells derived from umbilical cord blood are easy and inexpensive, which is an important point for treatment systems worldwide.

Female infertility is a universal medical condition that can be caused by various disorders of the reproductive system, including premature ovarian failure. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of swimming training and stem cell injection on VEGF, TGF and HGF genes in the ovarian tissue of premature ovarian failure model rats.

In this experimental research, 30 female rats 6- to 8-week-old were selected. In order to create a model of premature ovarian failure, cyclophosphamide and biosulfan were used in the amount of 100 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, as an intraperitoneal injection. After model induction, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (5 heads in each group) including: 1) healthy control, 2) patient+ sham, 3) patient+ saline, 4) patient+ cell, 5) patient +exercise and 6) patient+ cell+ exercise. The rats of the training group swam for 8 weeks. Cell groups, 2 weeks after creating the model stem cells were transplanted in the ovary at the rate of one million cells for each mouse. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22) and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

Induction of premature ovarian failure led to a significant increase in VEGF, TGF and HGF genes in the ovarian tissue of rats compared to the control-healthy group (P≤0.05) that the exercise, cell and exercise+ cell groups decreased the expression of these genes compared to the patient and patient-saline groups (P≤0.05).

The synergistic effect of aerobic exercise and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve angiogenic factors in experimental premature ovarian failure model rats.

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the survival rate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Subjects and Methods Twenty-four male mice were randomly divided into four groups of six: Control, Curcumin, CGA, and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Around 10 μmol/L Curcumin was added to the culture medium, and the cells were exposed to curcumin dissolved in DMSO for 48 h. In addition, in the CGA group, this substance was added to the culture medium with a dose of 10 mmol (for 24 h). After isolation, culture, and passage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the cells were trypsinized, and then centrifuged. For cell counting, after mixing 10 μl of culture medium with cells and 10 μl of toluidine blue, the number of live and dead cells was counted.Results Exposure of stem cells to curcumin for 48 h at a dose of 10 μmol resulted in a significant increase in cell viability compared to the control group. Furthermore, the presence of mesenchymal stem cells with 10 mmol of CGA for 24 h significantly increased cell survival. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups of curcumin and CGA in cell survival, and the effect of curcumin was more significant than CGA. Conclusion Comparison of the protective effect of curcumin on mesenchymal stem cells based on statistical analysis showed that the effect of curcumin is much greater than CGA, and a significant difference between these two treatment groups indicates that curcumin is more effective in protecting against death and increasing the live/dead cell ratio.

CD166 is an Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) which acts as a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule. CD166 has an important role in the growth, survival and invasion of the tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to produce polyclonal antibodies against CD166.

The selected peptide was synthesized from the CD166 molecule and after conjugation with KLH protein, in an emulsion with Freund's complete adjuvant, it was injected subcutaneously to two female New Zealand rabbits several times. Then the antibodies in rabbit serum were purified by FPLC method and their amounts were determined by indirect ELISA method. By CNBr gel purification method, specific antibodies against CD166 peptide bound to KLH were isolated, and the concentration of produced antibody against peptide or KLH-peptide was determined by ELISA method.

After repeated injection of CD166 peptide bound to KLH, antibody against CD166 peptide was produced, but it had a low titer. Most of the antibody produced was directed against the KLH-peptide binding site. Also, the tendency of produced antibodies to bind to KLH-peptide was higher compared to the peptide alone.

The produced antibodies were mostly against the antigenic index of KLH peptide. The synthetic and small size of the injected peptide can be the reason for the low titer and affinity of the antibody to it.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, causing pain and loss of articular function. High glucose is a crucial inflammatory factor playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of OA that induces ROS production. Since most of the current therapies for OA are short-term benefits, hence, there is high demand for finding novel therapeutic agents for OA treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells secrete important therapeutic factors that protect chondrocytes. In the current study, we investigated the protective potential of Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (CM-ADSC) as an alternative to cell therapy in high glucose-mediated oxidative stress in C28I2 human chondrocytes.

This experimental study was performed in the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from May 2018 to August 2020. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured until they reached 90% confluence then washed with PBS and cultured in a FBS-free medium for 48 hours. The conditioned medium was collected and centrifuged. The protective effect of the concentration of conditioned medium on high glucose (75mM)-induced oxidative stress in C28I2 cell viability was evaluated by WST-1 assay. Total RNA was isolated from the treated and untreated cells with TRIzol reagent. The mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes including, glutathione S-transferase-P1 (GSTP1), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in treatment and non-treatment groups.

Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium pretreatment remarkably protected C28I2 cells against high glucose. The expression of mRNA of CAT, GSTP1, and SOD1 significantly increased following treatment with the conditioned medium (50%) for 24 hours in high glucose-exposed cells as compared to the control.

Present study indicates that the Adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium can reduce oxidative stress. It seems that the conditioned medium may protect cartilage in the progression of osteoarthritis.

 Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which there is no adequate treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells have already been used to treat inflammatory diseases.  The present study investigated the effect of the administration of human mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on the AD model and its relationship with central pain, the level of oxidative, and inflammatory stress factors in the skin.

 The AD model was established by topical administration of a 2% 4,2-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) solution on the dorsal and ear skin of mice. Mice received topical MSC-CM and betamethasone ointment as a positive control three times a day for 2 weeks. Skin interleukin-4 (IL-4) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by the ELISA method in all groups. Changes in nociception were assessed by the tail flick test. Histological changes in the body and ear skins were evaluated after hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and mast cells number in toluidine blue-stained sections were counted in this study.

 Topical administration of MSC-CM and betamethasone was able to reduce pain, inflammation, and changes of dermis thickness in the dorsal and ear skins, as well as the infiltration of mast cells in the skin of groups treated with DNCB. Moreover, MSC-CM, similar to betamethasone, decreased the level of IL-4 and MDA levels in the skin of DNCB receiving groups.

 The increase in IL-4 levels and lipid peroxidation play an important role in inducing AD-like lesions in the skin of the mouse in the DNCB model; in addition, the topical application of the MSC-CM is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

Cartilage defects treatment is one of the most common clinical challenges in orthopedics. The current management techniques help to control symptom and joint function. The cell-free approach to cartilage regeneration through paracrine action has been considered to accelerate and facilitate the healing process and the importance of its urgency in the recovery of military personnel. Exosomes, one of these paracrine mediators, are nanoscale extracellular vesicles.

An electronic search was performed on databases at PubMed and EMBASE with keywords such as stem cells, exosome cartilage and reconstructive medicine since 2000 to 2021.

Functional cargos like miRNA and mRNA molecules, peptides, proteins, cytokines and lipids are transferred by exosomes from MSCs to the recipient cells. The use of exosomes as a cell-free method without creating an immune response can be promising in the treatment of joint diseases.

It has been found that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication events and due to their similarity to the plasma membrane, the lack of activation of the immune system and the secretion of large numbers of cells can be an important factor in the healing of damaged tissues and organs. Exosomes can also be used as a safe, high-availability treatment for the treatment of osteoartritis disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells are non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are used in the treatment of many chronic and autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system. Due to the limitations of using autologous mesenchymal stem cells, the use of allogeneic stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of immunological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the ability of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells to induce Programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) expression on the surface of splenic lymphocytes and the role of this molecule in the mesenchymal stem cell-treated cells tolerogenicity. 

This study was conducted from February 2019 to December 2020 in the department of Immunology of Mazandaran University of medical sciences. Mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated from the femur and tibia of C57 mice. C57 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with allogeneic BALB/c splenic cells. After 72 hours, the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of splenic lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokine assay were done in the cell culture supernatant. Mesenchymal stem cell-treated BALB/c lymphocytes were then exposed to allogeneic C57 splenocyte as stimuli in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the rate of proliferation was assessed by CFSE.

The amount of PD-L1 positive BALB/c splenic lymphocytes were significantly increased after allogeneic C57 mesenchymal stem cells exposure (P=0.001). The levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines in the supernatant of cell culture also increased significantly (respectively, P=0.0009, P=0.01). C57 splenocytes proliferation notably decreased after mesenchymal stem cell-treated BALB/c lymphocytes exposure compared to the group were cultured with naïve BALB/c lymphocytes (P=0.002).

Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells are capable to induce of PD-L1 on the surface of lymphocytes. PD-L1 expression on mesenchymal stem cell-treated cells makes them less immunogenic than naïve cells. These tolerogenic cells can reduce allogeneic responses. It seems that PD-L1 plays an important role in mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulation.

Heart failure is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders and is considered a chronic, progressive and debilitating disorder. The medical treatment of this disease is accompanied by many problems. Today, stem cells are being used increasingly to reduce the problems of heart failure treatments. Since pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the prognosis and progression of cardiovascular disease, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous injection of human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells on the levels of interleukins 4 and 12 in the serum of male rats in the heart failure model.

This is an experimental study that was conducted from October 2018 to May 2019 in the Physiology Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 28 male wistar rats (180-200 gr) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, heart failure group, heart failure group that received culture medium and heart failure group that received mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous injection. After 30 days, echocardiography was done and then serum levels of interleukin 4 and 12 were measured in these groups by Elisa test.

The results of this study showed that intravenous injection of human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells into male rats with heart failure, improved echocardiographic parameters such as ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in the cell injection group compared to the heart failure group (P<0.05). Also, the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-12 were significantly reduced in the cell injection group compared to rats with the heart failure group (P<0.05).

Due to the improvement of cardiac parameters and the reduction level of inflammatory cytokines in this study, it seems that human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in improving heart failure by reducing the level of inflammation.

There is an urgent need for reliable in vitro liver models to assess the mechanisms of human diseases, and impact of newly developed drugs or toxins. Previously showed that co-culture of hepatocytes with non-parenchymal cells and presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) improve the in vitro functionality of hepatocytes. Aim of this study was to develop a reproducible method for scalable generation of liver microtissues.

In this experimental study, liver microtissues with 500um diameter generated through co-culturing of Huh-7, human mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a composite hydrogel of liver-ECM and alginate. Cell viability, capability for glycogen storage and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity were evaluated on day 28. Hepatic-specific genes (ALB and SULT1A1) on days 1 and 14, and albumin and urea secretion on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were assessed. Furthermore, the microtissue sensitivity to acute toxicity of Metformin, Diclofenac and ethanol were investigated. Two-dimensional cultured Huh-7 was considered as control group.

Most cells in the microtissues were alive up to day 28, accumulated glycogen and have cytochrome inducibility 7-fold more than the basic activity. In comparison to control, ALB and SULT1A1 genes upregulated (p<0.05) on day 14, also albumin and urea secretion increased (p<0.05), in all sampling time, in microtissues. Furthermore, microtissues have more sensitivity (p<0.05) to some concentrations of the drugs and ethanol, compared to control.

It seems that the liver microtissues may considered as an appropriate and functional in vitro model for liver.

cartilage tissue damage is one of the global challenges and causes a large percentage of people involved . the main factor is the stroke or degenerative disease of the age . the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intra - articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) .

in this cross - sectional study , rats were divided into five groups including : healthy group ( normal saline ) . ~~~ rats were divided into five groups : healthy group ( normal saline ) , mesenchymal group , mesenchymal group + receive the same volume of cell secretions and culture media . after four weeks , the rats were euthanized and the hip joint was studied by macroscopic and microscopic methods .

the results of this study showed that intra - articular injection of prayed * 106 cells / ml had good effect on the repair of cartilage lesions induced by injection of acetate . histological studies showed that the incidence of atrial fibrillation ( af ) decreased in the mesenchymal stem group ( mscs ) . however , there was no significant difference between two groups . also , in treatment group with mesenchymal secretions and culture media , changes were observed in healing cartilage repair . ~~~ this difference was not significant with oa group .

in this study , the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) was investigated .

Proliferation has long been the main source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair , cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies. On the other hand, regular exercise as part of a person’s daily routine may help manage pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell injection and aerobic exercise on the expression of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue of mice
in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis.

For this purpose, 35 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 250-300 gr were divided into 5 groups (7 heads in each group) : 1) control-healthy, 2) controlpatient, 3) saline, 4) MSCs and 5) exercise + MSCs. The OA model (osteoarthritis) was induced initially. Bone marrow cells were then collected for grouping to use MSCs from the femur and tibia. After culturing in the laboratory, 1000000 per kg body weight were prepared for each mouse. During the recovery period, cells were injected as a single injection at the site of induction. The 4-week training program was implemented progressively in accordance with the principle of overload. Laboratory analysis of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene levels in cardiac tissue was determined using special commercial kits by real-time PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance.

Induction of the OA model in rats resulted in a significant increase in the β-catenin gene. Moreover, it caused a significant decrease in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the healthy control group in addition, MSCs and exercise + MSCs resulted in a decrease in the β–catenin gene as well as an increase in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the patient group. The changes in the MSCs group were not significant lonely; however, they were significant in the exercise+ MSCs group.
Discussion and

Stem cell injection had little effect on β-catenin and GSK-3β genes in heart tissue. However, aerobic exercise after stem cell injection in osteoarthritis rats was able to make significant changes in β-catenin and GSK-3β genes created heart tissue. Therefore, stem cell injection combined with aerobic exercise may prevent cardiovascular disease in the experimental model of osteoarthritis by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin signaling in the heart.

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a source of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and has received a lot of attention due to its availability, renewal capacity, proliferation rate, and differentiation potential. The main limitation of using these cells is their low quantity in one unite of UCB. To overcome this, HSCs co-culturing with UCB derived mesenchymal cells (MSCs) is a practical approach. The purpose of this study was the expansion of HSCs together with UCB derived MSCs on a three-dimensional poly L- lactic acid coated with fibronectin.

In this experimental study, after isolation of CD133+ from UCB cells using MACS method, the purity of the isolated cells was carried out by flow cytometry. Then, the cells were seeded on PLLA scaffold coated with fibronectin in presence of mesenchymal cells (group I), the PLLA scaffold in presence of mesenchymal cells (group II), and PLLA scaffold (group III). The proliferation rate, colonization potential and bio-compatibility of the cells were studied using a hemocytometer, CFU assay, and MTT, respectively.

The cells co-cuthured with PLLA-Fn scaffold (group I) had a higher proliferation rate of CD133 stemness marker compared to other groups. Also, the colonization of the cells and scaffold׳s biocompatibility was significantly higher in this group compared to other groups. (P <0.05).

The study proved that the optimal 3D culture system in PLLA scaffold coated with fibronectin co-cultured with MSCs could reproduce minimum differentiation of CD133 + cells.

Collagen synthesis can help to heal wounds, especially Large wounds. Any treatments that can stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts can accelerate wound repair, so it has clinical value. Stem cells secrete some macromolecules and signals that can have different effects in other cells.

In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and their medium supernatant was harvested as a medium containing the signal. After determining concentration, they were exposed to mouse fibroblasts. The cell viability was examined and then in the molecular section, by designing specific primers, three The collagen gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.

The results indicated a growth-promoting effect using the amount of 20 μg /ml of stem cells conditioned media in the culture medium of fibroblast cells. It was also found in the molecular section, that this concentration could increase the expression of all three selected collagen genes.Discussion and

The results of this study fully confirmed the initial goals, indicating the high power of mesenchymal stem cells in the induction of collagen synthesis, and thus could be a very good candidate for clinical studies.