جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "flavonoid" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Infertility is one of the medical problems in the world today. Clomiphene citrate drug is used to treat infertility. One of the side effects of this drug is the formation of tumor tissue in the ovary. Quercetin is a flavonoid found abundantly in nature. Quercetin is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains. Quercetin has the potential to be used in the treatment of cancer. The most well-known and common tumor suppressor gene in humans is the p53 gene. The p53 gene was discovered in 1979 and recognized as a tumor suppressor gene in 1989. This gene was recognized as the guardian of the genome in 1992 due to its role in maintaining the stability of the genome. The p53 gene is the most commonly mutated in human cancers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin on normal ovary cell viability induced by clomiphene citrate drug and its correlation with p53 gene expression.

In this research, Normal ovarian cells of the CHO cell line were used. Concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/ml quercetin 50 μM clomiphene citrate drug and 0.29 μg/ml cisplatin were prepared and added to the cultured cells for 24 hours. In this study, Clomiphene Citrate and Cisplatin are both positive controls. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. RNA was extracted and p53 gene expression was analyzed by Real-Time PCR. In this study, the primer used for the p53 gene was designed using NCBI and primer3 sites. In this study, the internal control gene is GAPDH.

Results showed that the concentrations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/ml of quercetin reduced the toxicity of clomiphene citrate drug and cisplatin (both positive controls). So the higher quercetin concentration leads to a higher number of living cells and at 1000 mg/ml quercetin the number of living cells reached 83%. The results of Real-time PCR showed that Quercetin significantly increased the expression of the p53 gene compared to the positive control group (clomiphene citrate) and negative control (P<0.05). In the concentrations of 500 (P=0.0020) and 1000 (P<0.0001) quercetin compared to clomiphene citrate, this expression increase was more significant. Also, in the concentrations of 500 (P<0.0001) and 1000 (P<0.0001) quercetin compared to the negative control, a substantial increase in p53 gene expression was observed.

The findings of this study showed that the use of quercetin inhibits the cytotoxicity of clomiphene citrate and increases the expression of the p53 gene, and its effectiveness is dose-dependent. However, Our study may partially explain the role of quercetin in the tumorigenesis process in the development of cancer in normal ovarian cells.

The Convolvulus genus (Convolvulaceae) is one of the medicinally and economically important genera, including about 250 species broadly distributed worldwide. Many researchers have paid attention to this genus because of its important phytochemical composition, biological activities, and safety. The Convolvulus genus contains various chemical profiles such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, tannins, and essential oils. All the parts of these plants possess pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. This investigation was designed to study the antioxidant and antihypoxic activities of C. fructicodus.

The aerial parts were extracted by maceration with methanol as a solvent. In this experimental study, antioxidant activities were evaluated by four methods, DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities, iron chelatory capacity, and reducing power. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of phenolic compounds. The protective effects of extract at 62.5-250 mg/kg were evaluated against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice by three experimental models of hypoxia, i.e. asphyctic, haemic, and circulatory. The time it took for the mice to die (latency for death) was recorded in minutes. The Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences approved the experimental protocol. In the asphyctic hypoxic model, phenytoin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and in the next two tests, propranolol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as the positive control. Normal saline (0.5 ml, i.p.) was used as the negative control. Analysis of variance was performed followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (by GraphPad Prism 8) to determine the differences in means. The extract did not show any metal-chelating activity in the chelating test.

Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 113.37 GAE and 20.32 QE, respectively. IC50 of extract for DPPH radical-scavenging activity and nitric oxide-scavenging were 85.28 and 177.40 µg/ml, respectively. The extract showed a good effect in reducing the power test and there was no significant difference between extract and standard in higher concentrations (p>0.05). In the haemic model, the extract showed a good and dose-dependent effect in all tested doses. The extract at 62.5 mg/kg increased the survival time by about 2 minutes (P<0.01). At 250 mg/kg, the extract showed a similar effect to propranolol. In the circulatory model, it showed very good completely dose-dependent effects. At 62.5 mg/kg, the extract increased the survival time by more than 2 minutes (P<0.01). The extract at 250 mg/kg increased the survival time by about 8 minutes (P<0.0001). The effect of the extract at 62.5 mg/kg was similar to propranolol. In the asphyctic model, the extract did not show activity in any of the tested doses.

The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract can be responsible for the antioxidant activity observed in the plant extract. By conducting anti-hypoxia tests in two models of haemic and circulatory models, the extract was able to show good protective effects in increasing the survival time of mice. The good antioxidant activity of this extract can be a possible mechanism for the anti-hypoxia activity.

Papaver plant has various alkaloids that are used in the manufacture of muscle relaxant drugs. For this purpose, this study aimed to assess phytochemical changes and alkaloids of Papaver.

The samples of 6 species of Papaver were collected from Kermanshah, Tehran, Khuzestan, and Lorestan provinces. Phytochemical compounds investigated in the research were used to measure alkaloids by the HPLC method, phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidants by spectrophotometric device and multivariate statistical methods of principal components, and cluster analysis by the Ward method.

The highest and lowest amounts of total phenol were reported in Papaver hybridum and P.rhoeas samples from Lorestan, respectively. The highest and lowest amounts of total flavonoid were detected in Lorestan from P.bracteatum and in Khuzestan province from P. rhoeas species, respectively. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity was reported in P. bracteatum species in Kermanshah province and P. rhoeas species in Khuzestan province, respectively. The results of the principal component analysis illustrated that two main and independent factors explained a total of 70.6% of the total variance. The results of the cluster analysis also indicated that all the studied provinces were very similar in terms of P.rhoeas. Moreover, Lorestan, Kermanshah, and Khuzestan provinces were somewhat similar in terms of P.dubium, P.macrostomum, P.hybridum, and P. bracteatum species.

The amount of phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and alkaloids of Papaver in this study was affected by the environmental conditions of the collection site and the type of species. In general, the species P. bracteatum is richer in terms of phytochemical properties studied and can be considered in breeding and domestication programs.

The extraction of chemical compounds from plants is influenced by various factors, such as methodology and duration of extraction, sample preparation, and the type and concentration of solvent used. This study was performed to investigate the effect of extraction time and type of solvent on the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Digitalis purpurea L. plant.

An experiment based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory at the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, in 2021. The experimental treatments included two levels of extraction duration (24 and 48 h) as the main factor, and two levels of methanol, ethanol, and acetone solvents (100% and 80%), compared with the control (distilled water), as sub-factors. Extraction of purple foxglove leaf powder was done by macerating 24 or 48 h using two levels of methanol, ethanol, or acetone as solvents (100%, 80%, and distilled water for the control). Evaluation of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was performed. The resulting data were analyzed in SAS software version 9, and mean comparisons were performed by Duncan's Multi-Range Tests at the 1% and 5% probability levels. To determine the correlation between parameters, Pearson's correlation coefficient was checked using SPSS version 20 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between 24 and 48 h of maceration to extract chemical compounds (P<0.01). The highest amounts of total phenol (24.75 mg GAE/g dw) and antioxidant activity (71.36%) were obtained in 80% acetone extract, and the maximum flavonoid content (6.03 mg Q/g dw) was achieved in 80% ethanol and 48 h maceration time. Generally, increasing the maceration time from 24 h to 48 h caused a significant rise in the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between flavonoid content (P=0.86) and phenolic content (P=0.82) with antioxidant activity.

According to the results, increasing the extraction time and also utilizing hydroalcoholic solvents were more effective in extracting these compounds than pure alcohols.

Cuscuta, (Ces as Persian name) is a parasitic plant with different biological effects and applications. The metabolic profile and effects of the Ces depend on the host on which it grows. Its main components are phenols and flavonoids. Considering the antioxidant effects of these compounds, the purpose of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cuscuta as well as Mellissa officinalis and Alhaji murarum as hosts.

  Aqueous, hydroalcoholic extracts of the Cuscuta grown on two hosts were prepared separately. Hydroalcoholic extracts of host plants were also prepared. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated using Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. In order to investigate the antioxidant activity, the ability of extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical (DPPH 2, 2-(diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and their capacity to reduce iron 3+ion were measured by FRAP method.

The results showed that all the examined extracts have significant phenolic and flavonoid contents. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in hydroalcoholic extracts, which was proportional to the amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts. In addition, the extracts of host plants were richer than the parasite extracts. The extract of Mellissa officinalis showed better effects than Alhaji murarum in all of four investigated factors.

According to the findings of the present study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the Cuscuta plants are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which may be the cause of the antioxidant activity. Of course, the compounds and effects of Cuscuta depend on the host. In future studies, the plant can be grown in different hosts.

In the present study, the solvent effect (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) of the extraction on the content of phenol, flavonoid, and the antioxidant activity of six medicinal plants, including Persian oak fruit hull (Quercus brantii), Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, Teucrium polium, Rosa foetida Herrm, and mountain barberry (Berberis integerrima) was investigated.

To measure phenol and flavonoid content, folin ciocaltio and aluminum chloride reagents were used, respectively, and to measure the antioxidant potential, the DPPH method was used. The content of phenol and flavonoid compounds was calculated as mg equivalent of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dry weight of the plant, respectively. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 14).

According to the obtained results, the amount of phenol and flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of oak fruit hull Quercus brantii, Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, and mountain barberry was more than the aqueous extract, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest content of phenol and flavonoid were related to the hydroalcoholic extract of oak by 310.2 ± 2.5 mg/g and 241.2 ± 1 mg/g, respectively, and the lowest amounts were related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (53.1±1.1 mg/g) and the aqueous extract of acorn (23.9±1.5 mg/g), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was related to oak fruit-hull hydroalcoholic extract (39.1±4.4 µg/ml), and the lowest was related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (315.3±3.3 µg/ml).

The findings of this study showed that the solvent used to extract plants is a significant factor in separation of phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as their antioxidant activity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium extract (GLE) in Martadella formulation.

In order to, concentration of sodium nitrite allowed in Martadella (ppm 120) was replaced by Ganoderma Lucidium extract at different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with 50 ppm carmine pigment (CP) and without carmine pigment. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to a completely randomized design and the amount of flavonoid, total phenol, IC50, color characteristics )b*, L*, a*), microbial (total microbial count, mold and yeast, coliforms, Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated on the 1st, 25th and 50th days of storage at 4°C.

The results showed that with the increase in replacement percentage (GLE) the amount of flavonoid, total phenol increased and IC50 decresed. Also, with the increase of replacement percentage (GLE), a* and L* decreased and b* increased. The amount of mold and yeast and the total count in all the tested samples were within the acceptable range of the national standard of Iran (No. 2303) and coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus were not observed in any of the tested samples.

The results of this research indicated that by using (GLE) along with (CP) it can be used instead of all or part of the sodium nitrite used in Martadella formulation might be replaced, without having an adverse effect on the quality and microbial properties of the product.

Buxus hyrcana Pojark. has been traditionally used for the treatment of skin disorders including wound injuries and recent studies have shown the therapeutic potential of some Buxus species in healing skin wounds. In this study, the effect of an ointment containing methanolic extract of B. hyrcana leaves was evaluated on the full-thickness wound healing in a rat model.

The full-thickness wound was made with a scalpel on the dorsum cervical area of 32 Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g). The animals were randomly divided into four groups: I; control, II; ointment base (eucerin), III; 1 % phenytoin cream, and IV; 5 % B. hyrcana methanolic extract ointment. For histopathological assessment, wound criteria were evaluated on the 12th day of treatment according to the Abramov score method. The collagen fiber deposition in the skin tissue was determined using Masson’s trichrome staining. The spectrophotometric analysis was performed to evaluate the total phenol and total flavonoid content of the extract.

Based on macroscopic observations, herbal ointment increased wound closure in the treatment group compared to the control group. In this way, the collagen deposition, epidermal and keratin formation, neovascularization, and fibroblast maturation increased significantly (P<0.05) with the herbal ointment, the same as the phenytoin group. The extract did not show any antimicrobial effect using the disc agar diffusion method.

The observed wound-healing effect of B. hyrcana seems to be mainly due to the presence of flavonoid compounds in the plant extract.

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is an urgent need to discover antiviral drugs for better performance against new strains of coronaviruses (CoVs) due to the rapid spread of the disease despite scientific advances in vaccine development. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of quercetin and its analogues on the COVID-19 Mpro enzyme.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the three-dimensional structures of quercetin analogues (20 compounds), standard drugs (ritonavir and lopinavir), and the COVID-19 Mpro enzyme were obtained from PubChem and PDB databases for bioinformatics study, respectively. Molecular docking studies of the compounds on the Mpro were performed using MOE-2014 software. Afterward, the physicochemical properties and biological activity of the compounds were predicted using Swiss ADME, PASS, and Swiss Target Prediction software.

The findings of the present study showed that the most important bonds involved in drug-receptor binding are hydrogen, hydrophobic, and π-π interaction bonds. The best docking results were obtained for Baicalein, Genistein, Naringenin, and Quercetin compounds with strong binding energy (-12.83 to -13.54 kcal/mol), compared to ritonavir and lopinavir. These compounds have a greater tendency to bind to the catalytic amino acids His41 and Cys145 and other key amino acids of the active site of the COVID-19 Mpro enzyme.

Based on the results of bioinformatics studies, quercetin analogues had more effective inhibition than standard chemical drugs due to their suitable placement in the active site of the main protease enzyme of COVID-19 and can be good candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies.

Plant extracts and their phenolic and flavonoid compounds have known anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties, but extraction methods and solvents can affect their properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate and comparison of the biological properties of Impatiens walleriana and Melissa officinalis. Plants were prepared from Tehran local flower market in 2018, isolated, dried in shade (less than 1% moisture) and milled. After preparation of various extracts including ethanol / methanol, aqueous and acetone by maceration and ultrasonic methods, the compounds were examined. The biochemical compounds were compared. Compounds include total phenolic content determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride method, anthocyanin and total carotenoids by colorimeter methods. The results showed that the maceration extract method was superior to the ultrasonic extraction in studied plants and ethanol / methanol with purity (1: 1 ratio) of 70% was selected as the most suitable solvent. Melissa officinalis had higher flavonoid content of  8.75±1.01 mg / g DW and Impatiens walleriana leaf had more phenolic content of 12.66 ± 0.2 mg / g DW than the other two compounds. Impatiens walleriana flowers had more anthocyanins due to their color composition (2.09 ± 0.02 µmol / g DW) than the other two compounds and Melissa officinalis contained the most carotenoid (5.07 ± 0.06 mg / g DW). Extracts of the studied plants contain significant (P<0.05)  amount of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, further research is recommended to fully identify these compounds and their antioxidant potency.

Trichoptilosis with fragility and hair loss is a common disorder, but, still there is no specific and effective treatment for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gel from the seed of Trigonella foenum-graceum L. in prevention of trichoptilosis in people with trichoptilosis.

A double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out in 60 people with trichoptilosis in Sari Touba Clinic affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The participants received either T. foenum-graceum seed gel or placebo gel. The extract was prepared at 500 μg/ml and the treatment period was two months. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test, Paired t-test, Fisher's exact test, and Generalized estimating equations.

In this study, the average rate of hair splitting in experimental group decreased significantly compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). Other factors such as dryness, fragility, and hair loss showed considerable decreasing rate in experimental group compared to the placebo group (P≤0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.042, respectively)

The positive effects of the herbal gel in reducing the incidence of trichoptilosis may probably be due to the presence of diosgenin and other steroidal saponins with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.