جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جامعه » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The health of a society is one of the most important determinants of the progress of any community. Assessing the level of health in different communities is of great significance. For this reason, researchers are always striving to develop appropriate tools for measuring it. Since values and norms in any society are defined based on the perspectives and worldviews of its individuals, the tools created to measure health indicators, especially social, religious, and spiritual health, should be aligned with the do's and don'ts of that particular community.

In the religion of Islam, from the very beginning of its formation, both in Islamic texts (Qur'an and Hadith) and in the practice and behavior of the leaders of the religion, the importance of social rights in terms of preserving human dignity and providing the foundations of a healthy religious society, in many and frequent ways. It has been mentioned that action towards the realization of these rights is considered as the joint duties of the individual and the Islamic state, and a special legal and executive system has been designed for that. The purpose of approving social laws is to implement programs that provide benefits and social services, in accordance with the official laws of each country. Social rights are to meet individual needs and increase social integration and cohesion.The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The enemies of Islam aim to destroy the mental health of the society by taking Islamic culture and beliefs, and this is where the Islamic lifestyle comes into play, which has a special place.

The present research has tried to extract the behavioral methods of society reform from the themes of this book by using the analytical-descriptive method and by referring to the valuable book of the Qur'an. Since every society is more or less faced with various corruptions and suffers from them, reforms are a basic and fundamental and permanent need, and no person or society is without it. In the meantime, it is necessary to refer to the sources that are accepted by the people of the society and they consider it as reliable. The Holy Qur'an is trusted by Muslims as a divine source free from any errors. Therefore, the review of this book can be helpful in reforming the society. The results of the research show that the behavioral methods used in the Qur'an include methods such as: enjoining good and forbidding evil, avoiding association with corrupters, creating a healthy environment, love, the presence of reformers, soft and sympathetic speech, practical approach , punishment, neglect, preaching, presenting a model, asking questions, rejecting the agents of corruption.

Background &

Society attaches special importance to giving birth to children and raising them. For this reason, it creates incentives and punishments to regulate this matter; despite this, the importance of birth does not end only at the level of society; at the micro level, i.e. family, having children is of fundamental importance for parents. Although the desire to have children is naturally placed in the human body. One of the issues that has received attention in these years is the reduction of childbearing. The decrease in having children in cities is significant. The purpose of this research was to explain the effects of socioeconomic status on the reduction of childbearing in Iranian society and family.

The present research has been conducted with a combined method. The research has two statistical associations. The statistical population of the qualitative part is the people who visited the health centers of Fars province in 1401, and the statistical population of the quantitative part is all couples between the ages of 20 and 45 in Fars province, the statistical population of the quantitative part is based on Cochran's formula and through cluster sampling. Multi-stages have been selected and the statistical sample of the qualitative section referring to health-treatment centers was also selected using the available sample method. Data collection was done in the quantitative part through questionnaires and in the qualitative part through in-depth interviews. In this research, the thematic analysis method is used to analyze the qualitative interview data, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used to analyze the quantitative data. Considering that two types of data will be used in this research, data analysis will be used at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Quantitative data analysis was done in the questionnaire section using SPSS version 23 software, and in-depth interviews were conducted in the (qualitative) section through content analysis and coding methods.

According to the significant value (sig) calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.000, and because this number is smaller than 0.05, therefore, there is a relationship between the two variables of socio-economic status and the reduction of childbearing in the society. There is a meaning. Also, according to the intensity of our obtained correlation, which is equal to 0.128, therefore, there is a negative correlation, with a weak intensity and with the opposite direction, between the two variables of economic-social status and the reduction of childbearing in the society; In this way, the more the socio-economic status of the people in the society declines, the decrease in childbearing in the society also increases. Based on this, the second hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The value of dispersion indices of the economic-social status variable is a Mean value: of 20.9025, Standard deviation value: of 3.30003, Variance value: 10.890, and Range of changes value: 19.00.

The results show that among people, values and attitudes, gender equality, socioeconomic status, religion, attitudes of ethnic groups, dissatisfaction with life, the ambiguity of the future situation, educational changes, and the living experience of families. They have Keywords Socio-Economic Status, Childbearing, Society, Family Received: 15/05/2023 Published: 22/07/202 ID247 http://rjms.iums.ac.irمجله علوم پزشکی رازی دوره ،30شماره ،4تیر 1402 Talebi M., et al. played a role in the act of having children and have reduced the possibility of having children. In the end, even though people are facing various risks and issues, they still have children because of their love and affection for the child and the survival of the generation. However, in the two ways of the dangers of childbearing and interest in children, they adopt the third way: reducing fertility. Traditional values and norms, contrary to the values of individualism, which have been increasing, have experienced a decreasing and decreasing trend and have faded in society, and this issue has caused fertility to be in a transitional and challenging period. Although fertility is the result of the normative and intentional reproductive behavior of people, today's Iranian society has suffered a paradox, because this behavior is promoted and encouraged by the common values and norms of childbearing in the society on the one hand. On the other hand, it is surrounded by the external social system. Is. Today, the spread of modernity and the prevalence of traditionalist approaches are like a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it brings the process of development and evolution of social institutions, and on the other hand, it creates unfortunate consequences, such as a change in the attitude towards childbearing, which has led to the transformation of the family institution. The attitude towards having children in this research is the negative view of the interviewees towards children, who consider having many children not as a source of pleasure and benefit, but as a source of expense. The basis of this assessment is the opinions, beliefs, and accepted values of the person about the consequences of not having children. Of course, attitudes do not individually determine fertility behaviors, but environmental situations and conditions are also effective. In other words, the decrease in childbearing results from systematic convergence and adaptation to the current society's cultural, social, and economic conditions. Several factors can be considered effective in reducing fertility. Elements such as economic disturbances, the high cost of family formation, the increase in the marriage age of young people and as a result the delay in fertility, employment, and education of women, the weakening of family ties, cultural changes, the introduction of modernization elements, etc., according to the findings of the research. present and in line with the macro population policies of the country, which calls for intervention and policy-making to increase fertility above the replacement level, and in order not to repeat trial and error like what was done before to increase the number of births and stop the downward trend of policy fertility were implemented, on this basis, it is suggested that before any policy in this field, the set of indicators and components that determine fertility behavior should be scrutinized and closely monitored by planners.

The attribute of being a guardian is one of the most important traits in individuals and society, and it means accepting and obeying the guardian of Allah, His representative on earth. Governorship is one of the basic concepts in the Holy Qur'an, Nahj al-Balagha and society, and it is defined as a political and moral concept as the relationship between man and God. This concept is very important and fundamental in Islam, especially in the concept of Imamate. In this article, the importance of provincialism as an important concept in Islam and society has been examined and explained. The province and the role of provincialism in legality, unity of Muslims, the truth of proper life and the establishment of the society system have also been examined. Also, the influence of guardianship in this world and the hereafter has also been investigated and it has been emphasized that the love of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) can give a person several worldly and hereafter qualities. The important effects of provincialism include limitability and legality. The Holy Quran has advised to emphasize obedience to God and His messengers as the duty of all believers. Also, Nahj al-Balagheh also emphasizes the guardianship and obedience to Wali Allah and His Messengers and highlights this as a way to achieve prosperity and progress of the society. The experience of "provincialism" will be in Islamic human societies and a world that has moral and social characteristics and recommends commitment and obedience to God and the innocents (peace be upon them). Therefore, provincialism not only benefits the person who practices it, but also creates significant social and cultural effects in the society. The research method of this article is descriptive analytical method with library technique.

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, and early diagnosis is possible in case the patients seeks medical attention before appearance of any symptom, or at first clinical presentation. For this, the patient must be aware of the subject and not to be afraid of the diagnosis, but women have many unanswered questions about this cancer. In this study, we decided to ask the patients themselves about their information needs and the questions they want to be answered during the training.

Women attending different clinics of Arash Women's Hospital were asked to note all the questions they would like to be approached in a breast cancer educational program in a form. This was continued until there was no new question in 15 consecutive forms.

A total of 60 patients were included in the study. The average number of questions in each form was 3 (1 to 14), with a total of 194 questions. The questions were matched and categorized according to common scientific terms, which resulted in 63 questions in 5 categories.

Many studies have been conducted on breast cancer education, but none have addressed patients' own questions. This study shows that women have many questions about breast cancer that need to be addressed in educational programs. The authors suggest using the results of this study to develop educational packages as well as conducting similar research at multi-center levels.

The spiritual health of the society depends on the recognition ofharms and efforts to remove them from the arena of society andgovernment, and recognizing and rooting for social andgovernment harms or pests is as important as trying to build anddevelop a healthy society and government. is. The comprehensiveand complete school of Islam provides the most appropriate andefficient views and guidelines for all individual, social andgovernment issues and does not explain any issue without focusingon spiritual health. For this reason, saving the society and thegovernment from their pests is considered a fundamental andcrucial concern. This important issue has been clarified in Islamicsources and texts, including the biographies of the great Imams,peace be upon them. The purpose of this research is to implementthe views of Imam Ali (AS) in the direction of the spiritual healthof the Islamic government and society. Spiritual health is the maincourse of political and social development and transformation.Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in his biography and the valuablesources that are based on it, have paid great attention torecognizing the harms of the society and the government and thentrying to fix them, and have presented original ideas foradvancement and progress. The tyranny and arbitrariness of therulers, mismanagement and lack of thinking about the future, thearistocracy and specialism of the agents, the lack oftrustworthiness of the rulers towards the government, the lack ofobedience to the leader of the government, divisiveness, flatteryand flattery and the lack of ethics for the people in the society andFor the agents in the government, one of the most important andemphasized social and governmental harms in the life of that nobleImam. In this article, the most important components of thespiritual health of the government and political society in theshadow of social and political pathology, focusing on the views ofImam Ali (AS) and emphasizing two main and important harms;Due to their extensive role and effect in the direction of causingdamage in the Islamic system and the need to avoid them, in theform of "weakness of belief in the society and government" and"incumbency of unworthy managers and rulers" in a scientificapproach.

Since attention to social life is one of the most basicteachings of the Quran, today's society needs to present theinterpretation of the Quran with a social approach in society.The social trend in this interpretation has created newdevelopments and tremendous effects such as the revival ofreason and wisdom, the use of scientific interpretation, theinference of lifestyle from the Qur'an, the strengthening ofsocial relations, etc. in the society. which we will examine inthis research .

This is a descriptive-analytical studythat was collected and analyzed using jurisprudential andtheological sources .

The findings show manifestations of sociologicalexplorations in various fields such as: discovering moralvalues, social analysis of Quranic concepts, revival of reasonand wisdom, rejecting Israelism and fighting superstitions,applying the findings and achievements of science in Tafsir,an educational and guiding view of Quranic stories is wellvisible.

The social trend of exemplary interpretation, inaddition to being acceptable and attractive to those interestedin Quranic interpretation, has brought many achievements andeffects to the society.

 Social life in any age requires the familiarity with social norms. Ethical living also requires the familiarity with the right action and correct and constructive interaction with the world. Therefore, recognizing the axes of social ethics and observing its limits will create a civilized society based on ethics. The main purpose of this research is to search in Hafez's lyric poems to find the criteria of social ethics to build a utopia.

 The approach of the present study is descriptive-analytical and is performed qualitatively. In order to conduct this research, Hafez Divan collection has been studied and its verses based on ethics of living and social ethics, which are a kind of Hafez’s statement in this regard, have been extracted and analyzed.

Ethical Considerations:

 In conducting the present study, in accordance with the ethical norms of conducting all research, all aspects of honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

 Hafez's poem is a poem of morality and reliance on the principles of social ethics and ethics of living, but according to the reverse hypocrisy and the language of ridicule that flows throughout Hafez's poems, this centrality of morality manifests itself in the opposite form and in a ridicule way. According to Hafez, a perfect human being is a person who possesses sublime qualities such as coexistence and respect for other beliefs, avoidance of hypocrisy, patience in the face of calamities, freedom, avoidance of authoritarianism, compassion and so on.

 Studying and recognizing Hafez's lyric poems, his views and thoughts, clarifies a part of the individual and living ethics in ancient Persian texts. Moreover, it acquaints man with the Hafez’s essential definition of morality. This acquaintance not only will lead to the purification and training of the human soul in the face of society, but also will provide a basis for the creation of a utopia based on social ethics if its boundaries are observed. In Hafez's poetry, moral teachings are generally expressed indirectly and covertly in the veil of irony and humor.

The purpose of the current research is the strict implementation of what is good and what is forbidden, and since what is good and what is forbidden is directly related to religion, the world, and the reputation of individuals, it has a special sensitivity.

The current research method is analytical-descriptive and using library resources and background literature.

According to the concept of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, it was stated that these two duties are the most basic and efficient means to guide the individual and consequently society. On the other hand, the verses and narrations included in this field, we came to the conclusion that Islam, by legislating these two religious branches, wants to educate the people of the society in such a way that all people have a sense of responsibility towards each other. And this is the thing of the good and the prohibition of the bad, which strengthens the foundations and religious beliefs. The lack of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil and the conformity of this duty with social needs is quite evident in the words of God Almighty and the Infallible Imams (as).

In the current era, which threatens the comprehensive health of mankind, returning to religious teachings and teachings is the guarantor of the comprehensive health of the Islamic society, and this divine duty is a suitable cover for the protection of the individual and the society.

Chastity is one of the most frequent topics and themes in religious and non-religious texts, which today, in addition to lack of attention to it, has also deviated. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of family in improving attitudes toward chastity.

This research has been done through a documentary library and descriptive-analytical method.

The findings indicate that parents' attention to issues such as explaining the philosophy of chastity, avoiding ill-considered encounters, awareness of other cultures, pathology of chastity, strength of belief and chastity education of children corrects deviant attitudes toward meaning Chastity will be in the society. Deviation from the attitude towards chastity as a problem and abnormal challenge and behavior is the result of many factors, one of which is the issue of the family.

The result is that parents are the first people who influence the mood of their children in the family environment and can correct the attitude towards chastity. In a model way, they establish the foundations of virtues or vices in the institution of their children through their attitudes, movements and dwellings, and by correcting this attitude and issuing chaste behaviors, a part of society's health will be preserved.

The epidemic of COVID-19 disease began in 2019 (January 10) in Wuhan, China, and quickly became a global problem. The rapid growth of this disease in Iran was from March 25, 2020, to April 15, 2020 (1). In addition to physical problems, the disease had many social, economic, and cultural consequences. The old people are one of the age groups that were less seen and more at risk. Iranian older adults need to be given more attention because of the growth rate (3.9%) of the aging population in Iran (3), and the Population aging ratio (9.2%) (4), there is also a high prevalence of underlying diseases in older adults. (Such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, eight out of ten deaths occur in people over the age of 65 (5). Recommendations for the elderly generally include hand washing, staying at home, maintaining social distance (two meters), and hospitalization for the elderly including meeting restrictions, restrictions on activities at the center, and daily monitoring of symptoms in the elderly and center staff. Be. A study by McMichael reported that 101 seniors and 50 caregivers at the King Country Center were infected. The Case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 was about 34 (33.7%) for the nursing home older adults and zero for the caregivers (6). In the study of Nikpouraghdam et al., The first wave of the disease was performed between February 19, 2020, and April 15, 2020. It was found that the mean age of 239 deaths was 65.38 ± 13.67 years and nearly 67 percent of deaths occurred over the age of 60 (7). According to the State Welfare Organization of Iran, the prevention strategies include: allocate 2$ to prevent COVID-19 disease in all care centers, providing the necessary training to the staff and families of hospitalized people, not accepting new cases and discharge until Secondary notification, elimination of unnecessary personnel traffic and permanent presence of personnel, provision of special instructions for the elderly were performed in all care centers (8). According to the data, about 87 elderly people and 68 caregivers of the Kahrizak Charity foundation have been infected with COVID-19 (9). Twenty-seven elderly people have died (10), therefore, the CFR is about 31%. Unfortunately, the available data is very limited. It is not yet possible to give an accurate interpretation of the status of COVID-19 pandemic in the community-dwelling and Nursing home older adults in Iran.

Women play a very influential role in all aspects of society as half of the body of society and the main axis of the family, so the physical and mental health of women and as a result the health of the next generation of society is emphasized. Today, one of the most accessible, inexpensive and determining tools for human health is physical activity and exercise. Evidence suggests a strong association between physical inactivity and premature death, as well as a large number of non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Although regular participation in sports is a fundamental human right and an important part of a healthy life, girls and women participate less in sports than boys and men. Womenchr('39')s sports are one of the main issues in the field of sports today, and the lack of gender equality in the provision of facilities leads to a reduction in the chances of participating in sports and serious physical injuries. Although the results of research indicate an improvement in public health, health outcomes, and womenchr('39')s mental and social health through participation in sports and physical activity; But one of the most fundamental issues that little has been known about since the formation of the sociology of sport is why womenchr('39')s participation in sport is low and what factors affect it. The Center for Womenchr('39')s Participation has rated the rate of womenchr('39')s sports participation as very low. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model behavioral factors affecting the development of womenchr('39')s sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran in promoting health.

This research, considering its objectives, is a descriptive-survey research that has been studied and analyzed with the approach of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 508 people including Minister, Deputy Minister, General Staff, Deputy General Staff, General Director of the province, Deputy Minister of Womenchr('39')s Affairs in the Physical Education Organization, Presidents of sports federations, Vice Presidents of federations, Technical and Sports deputies in the provinces , The head of the provincechr('39')s women sports development, consisted of the heads of provincial sports delegations across the country as well as experts in sports management of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to Myers et al. (30), factor analysis requires 10 to 20 respondents per item (since the number of items in the researcher-made questionnaire was 16 items, 320 respondents are required). In the present study, the sample size was considered equal to the population of 508 people by census method (total number). After distributing and collecting the questionnaires, 409 questionnaires could be returned. Was considered.Since there were no standard questionnaires or scales for measuring behavioral factor, the researcher reviewed the sources and documents and articles related to the research topic; Also, a survey of professors, experts and managers of physical education and sports in the country prepared a researcher-made questionnaire that included 16 questions on a five-point Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by professors and doctoral students in the field of physical education and sports sciences who had passed their comprehensive test. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.691 by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method. After data collection, frequency, frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation to describe the research data, skewness test to check the normality of the data, exploratory factor analysis test and confirmatory factor analysis for modeling. Behavioral factors affecting the development of womenchr('39')s sports to promote health and SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 software were used.

In order to model the behavioral factors affecting the development of womenchr('39')s sports to promote health, first exploratory factor analysis was used. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was used to evaluate the adequacy of sampling and KMO was performed to evaluate the appropriateness of the data of the researcher-made questionnaire, which was satisfactory (KMO: 0.701). Also, Bartlett sphericity test (ss = 185/985 and 0.0001) was calculated which was statistically significant. Examination of these two tests showed the accuracy of sampling and the adequacy of the data and that it was appropriate in terms of preparation. Then, using the principal component analysis method (varimax rotation) and eigenvalues higher than one, two factors were obtained. In the following, confirmation factor analysis has been used to confirm the exploratory factor analysis. First, to determine the confirmatory factor analysis and whether the data are suitable for this model or model, model fit indices were used, which showed that the value of χ2 with the value of 102.375 and the degree of freedom of 103 is non-significant and shows. Give the data a fit. Also, other indicators show that the data have a good fit with the model. The fitness index χ2 / df with a value of 0.994 is less than the value of 3. In addition, fit indices of GFI = 0.970, AGFI = 0.961, CFI = 1,000 and NFI = 0.974 above 0.90 indicate that the data model is appropriate. Similarly, the root mean square error (RMSEA) was 0.000, which emphasizes that the model is acceptable and less than the standard value of 0.08. In general, the fit indices of the model indicated the fit of the data with the model. Also, descriptive findings and estimation of one-sample t-test showed that the average of respondents to questions related to the behavioral factor is 3.07, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant. Be (Sig <0.01). In other words, behavioral factors affect the development of womenchr('39')s sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health. Also, the average of the respondents to the questions related to the individual behavioral sub-factor is 3.05, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant (Sig <0.05). In other words, individual sub-factors affect the development of womenchr('39')s sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health. In addition, the average of the respondents to the questions related to the interpersonal sub-factor is 3.09, which is higher than the theoretical average (3) and this difference is statistically significant (Sig <0.01). In other words, interpersonal behavioral sub-factors affect the development of womenchr('39')s sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran to promote health.

In general, the results of this study emphasize the importance of behavioral factors and subsequent individual and interpersonal sub-factors on the development of womenchr('39')s sports to institutionalize health in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the role of officials in using this component. توسعه demands the development of public health in the country. In this case, onechr('39')s beliefs about the benefits of different health-related behavioral habits form the outcome expectations that are the second factor in Bandurachr('39')s cognitive-social theory. Outcome expectations are divided into three parts: physical, social, and self-assessment. Arguably, health outcomes are more clearly linked to participation in sports. It can be said that a person who believes that exercise causes fatigue, sweating and disturbs his relaxation, has negative consequences for exercise and will pay less attention to physical activity. Another consequence is the expectation of self-assessment. This expectation includes the positive and negative standards and evaluations that a person uses to judge their health behavior. Therefore, expectations of physical outcome and self-assessment expectations are the most important reasons to justify the impact of behavioral factors on the development of womenchr('39')s sports to promote health.

Life style is very important and has different extensive individual, family and social dimensions. Several factors role play in shaping the lifestyle. This research aims to review related texts on the role and effect of loving God in lifestyle from the Islamic point of view.

 This research is an analytical study that is based on library resources. On this review article, first by referring to the Arabic dictionaries the terms such as Hob (love), Moheb (lover), Sabk (lifestyle), Sirah (way of life) and Tarigheh (way) were defined. Then, referring to the Holy Quran and other valid sources of narration and interpretation, the related subjects in the Holy Quran and Hadith were found. And the possibility of adapting the found information with the topic of the research was done and analyzed.

Loving God changes a person's thoughts, ideas, and attitudes and it transforms man deeply inside. The first achievement of this inner transformation is the clear change in his manners. From then on, the only criterion for such a person in treating others is God's pleasure. And because God is all-pervading and all-perfect and he likes nothing but good for his servant, as a result, his lover does nothing but do what pleases God. Changing the behavior resulting from friendship, extends to different dimensions of belief, individual, family and social life.

It seems the missing link in human communication with oneself, family, and society which has been neglected is the effects of loving God in human lifestyle. Loving God is a reliable support and has the ability to create the best and healthiest lifestyle for human beings.

From the travelogues of Western tourists, physicians, etc. physicians in the Qajar era can be deduced as follows: that throughout the geography of Iran, the situation of all types of diseases and patients did not have the same conditions. Due to the geographical dispersion as well as cultural facilities and resistance, the health and treatment of Iranians in different parts of Iran was in very different conditions. The proximity to the capital and the western and maritime borders provided special conditions that varied greatly in the incidence and severity of the disease and its lethality. If we want to list one by one the problems faced by the Qajar kings, it has been one of the most important health problems and treatment of various diseases. The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases on the one hand and the ineffectiveness of traditional medicine methods on the other hand And the occasional outbreak of infectious diseases put a lot of pressure on different strata. In this article, by studying the western travelogues of the Qajar period, we intend to study the health of Iran in that period and the position of traditional physicians and their type of treatment (which was based on Galenian medicine of four natures) and its degree of fusion with superstition magic. Let's examine the extent of the deviations and errors of traditional medicine in the treatment of society's diseases, and why traditional physicians have insisted on these errors and the ways they went wrong. What harms they did to individuals and society, and along with it medicine. What has been the basis of modern treatment methods and the reasons for its acceptance by society? To what extent has the role of Europeans and, above all, European physicians in the process of modernization of traditional medicine? And what have been the most important deterrents and facilitators of society in the modernization of traditional medicine? How has modern medicine been more successful over time than traditional medicine? Finally, we can use library resources to study modern and traditional medicine in the Qajar period based on Western travelogues and with a descriptive and analytical method to compare and observe the available resources and facts and unspoken facts about the role of European physicians and the need We recounted the people who could not be met by traditional medicine in order to reach the correct reasons for accepting traditional medicine in the society of Iran at that time.

Motivation is an intrinsic factor that drives ones behavior in a certain direction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the motivation of elementary teachers to educate students and transfer their educational and ethical patterns to virtue and perfectionism and to internalize their values and positive reflection on family, community and education system Country.

The research method is qualitative. The study population consisted of all elementary school teachers in Ilam city to quantity 492 person during the academic year of 2017-2018 that to selected by purposeful sampling method person 20 of them were selected and with they interviewed It was done. Twenty pundits and experts were identified by purposeful sampling and with they were interviewed.

The results of data analysis showed that content analysis of interviews with participants in the initial coding stage of 53 primary codes, in the second stage 20 sub-categories and finally 4 main categories were extracted. The main topics were culture, family, educational content, spirituality and ethics. Most important the findings indicate that the dominant identity among in students is religious identity and that the identities of culture, family and educational content are in next priorities.

As a result, factors such as culture, family, education, spirituality and ethics are very important elements in educating students and guiding them towards honor, dignity, happiness and future health of society.

Physically and mentally disabled people are a part of community whose lifestyle has its own particular conditions and the quality of the interaction of people with them is of paramount importance. This issue has long been raised in human societies and religious teachings. Exploring verses and narratives to find out the duties of community members in their interaction with mentally and physically disabled people is one of the foundations of the research that helps enhance their quality of life. Therefore, this research is to find the view of the Holy Quran and narrations on how people should interact with mentally and physically disabled people. In this research, verses and narratives related to mentally and physically disabled people have been investigated through materials and thematic analysis. The authors reported no conflicts of interest. The findings show that people should provide mentally and physically disabled people with financial support, spiritual needs like respectful behavior, and no humiliation. Emotional needs such as affection and generosity; and social needs like interaction and assistance and avoiding resentment are the other types of need. People play an important role in satisfying different needs of mentally and physically disabled people mentioned above. Performing these tasks by community members brings about positive features such as self-confidence, community reunification, empowerment and feeling of satisfaction in mentally and physically disabled people.

From a long time ago, it has been very interesting and tempting to get acquainted with strange sciences. Sorcery is an extraordinary affair that differs from the realization of ordinary ones and cannot be conceived through ordinary and customary assumptions. The effects of sorcery on human beings are of psychological and sometimes physical aspects. The lack of individual awareness and the enticing features of sorcery have attracted people toward this science; this has created a special opportunity for witches to easily benefit from the ignorance of the people. In Islam, sorcery is of certainties that teaching and learning of it is forbidden due to its immoral effects on individual, family, and community. Sorcery has innumerable moral harms. The most important damages that may be mentioned are conflict among people especially between couples, undermining the beliefs of people in society, promoting superstition, and in particular providing a platform for emerging sects. With alcoholic beverages, psychedelic drugs, promoting promiscuity, preventing marriage, and having illegitimate relationships, the sects undermines the foundation of family and causes mental illness, suicide, and delinquency. According to Iran's criminal law, bill 12-225, sorcery is considered a crime and sorcerer is punished, which according to its immoral implications is commensurate with the crime; however, since the purpose of the punishment is to reform the offender to re-enter the community and maintain the interests of society and guarantee its survival, this punishment was removed from the bill of laws. The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytic method and aimed to express the immoral effects of sorcery, while attempting to familiarize the reader with an overview of sorcery culture and its jurisprudential-legal verdict

The rule of law is considered as the basic and primary basis for the provision of citizenship rights and its implementation. Additionally, it should be acknowledged that the rule of law is used as a legal principle in order to moderate the power of the rulers and their accountability to the citizens. For this reason, we need a comprehensive and independent review that could provide the basis for the impact of the rule of law in the provision of citizenship rights. In this regard, this article seeks to answer the question of how to ensure that the rule of law enshrines citizenship rights by the legislature and the ruling class, which seems to suggest that the proper law and the belief of citizens in its implementation can serve as a tool for the rule of law. To secure citizenship rights. In this article, we have used an analytical and descriptive method to compile and write it, which is in line with the purpose of this research, which is to discover the relationship between civil rights and the rule of law

Aristotelian ethics, in a general sense, is the collection of behavioral and social actions which is accepted by a community. This ethics is formed through traditional experience and conventional concepts in specific geographic areas over the centuries and the society is obliged to follow it. Aristotelian ethics can be named as the ethics of citizenship since it has been generalized and adapted by citizens. Such definition is applied in the themes of Qabus Nameh by Qabus ibn Wushmagir. Qabus Nameh contains forty-four chapters. This work encompasses the advices of Qabus (the father) to his son Gilanshah with ethical values which has been practiced through centuries. Although written in the 5th century, its principles can be applied to today's society. Some of the values mentioned in the work include: appreciating the blessings of God, being mild-mannered, avoiding betrayal, saying fair words, loving others as your family, teaching children charity, avoiding wastefulness, paying attention to time and meetings, honesty, avoiding exploitation of wives and regarding them as a housewives, controlling anger, generosity, truthfulness, adherence to the commitment, and dozens of other issues that can adjust relationships and interactions among citizens. Researches are made to analyze the relations among the concepts of Qabuos Nameh as an example of the Aristotelian ethics to obtain a framework of this type of ethics in the 5th century.