اکبر عطادخت

Obesity is a major public health concern. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in recent years in different countries of the world, including Iran, and has become an important issue in the field of health at the global level. Today's environments encourage excess energy intake and discourage energy consumption. Overweight individuals may respond differently to food cues in the environment than underweight individuals. This individual difference in responding to food cues can play an important role in the development of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric indicators of food cues response scale (FCRS) and investigate its relationship with body mass index (BMI). The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was 20,997 students of Tabriz University. According to the krejci-morgan table, 380 people were selected as a sample using accessible sampling method through internet and field reference. To collect the data, food cue response scale (Kang sim et al., 2023), power of food scale (low et al., 2009) and demographic information questionnaire were used. In order to use the food cue response scale (FCRS) in the present study, the original version was translated from English to Farsi. Reverse translation method was used to translate the scale. The existing flaws were fixed and the Persian version of the scale was finally approved. All the ethical principles of the research such as confidentiality and having the right to enter and leave the research were observed. The research data were analyzed with the statistical methods of confirmatory factor analysis, correlation and regression. SPSS 23 and AMOS 24 statistical software were used in data analysis. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor model of food cue responsiveness scale. The convergent validity of this scale with power of food scale was R=0.77. Checking the reliability of the total score of the scale with Cronbach's alpha method (0.91) and retest method (R=0.90) with an interval of 15 days showed that the scale has excellent reliability. The internal correlation of each item with the total score of food cue response scale was significant (p<0.01). Each of the subscales and the total score of the food cue response scale had significant predictive power of body mass index (BMI), which indicates the predictive validity of the scale and positive relationships between them. Irritability to food cues or lack of control of cognitive and behavioral responses when faced with food cues such as color, smell, taste, and other factors is the cause of obesity and overweight phenomenon. The food cue response scale is a scale with good psychometric adequacy for examining nutritional behaviors and predicting changes in body mass index. Since the food cue response scale (FCRS) has a small number of items and has favorable psychometric properties, it is suggested to use this scale in the future researches to measure in the field of nutrition, obesity prevention and food care.

Traumatic concussion is one of the most essential causes of long-term disability worldwide. Studies show the prevalence of concussions in Iran and the world to be about 200 and 500 per 100,000 people, respectively. Surveys show that the majority of hospital visits for children aged 1 to 17 are classified as mild traumatic concussions, and with diagnostic estimates of 97%, it is one of the most common causes of damage to the central nervous system. The physical, cognitive, and emotional problems of these patients are known as post-traumatic syndrome. Studies have pointed to the risk of high prevalence of psychiatric problems in patients after concussions. Psychological disturbances such as anxiety and depression, with high prevalence, are the most widespread psychiatric disorders in patients after concussions. Today, the use of neuropsychological treatments, including the use of direct electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull (tDCS) for the recovery of patients with brain damage, has become prevalent. Moreover, studies have pointed out the role of psychotherapy in reducing the problems of children with mild concussions, including symptoms of depression and emotional regulation. The review of the conducted research shows that no study has been conducted to investigate the therapeutic interventions regarding mood complications caused by mild concussions in teenagers. As a result, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and psychodrama therapy in treating psychological issues in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI).

This study was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all teenagers with brain damage in Ardabil province, Iran, who visited Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil city during the years 2021-2022. These individuals had received a score of 13-15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Among the statistical population, 45 people were selected using the available sampling method (because the list of all people was unavailable). Then, they were randomly divided into three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The criteria for subjects to enter the study were informed consent, the age range of 12 to 17 years, and diagnosis of mild brain damage before participating in the study with a Glasgow score. Exclusion criteria for neurocognitive disorders such as epilepsy and seizures, multiple arteriosclerosis, specific impairment in verbal comprehension and expression, and intracranial implants such as shunts, stimulators, electrodes, and any other metal object near the head (such as the mouth and or the heart) that cannot be separated, were considered. After the briefing session, the researcher explained the research's purpose and the importance of honest participation from the subjects. They also provided details on how to answer the questionnaires. This was all done according to the specific schedule for visits to the psychotherapy office. The researcher referred, and then a pre-test was conducted for all three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Psychodrama therapy in the form of 13-90-minute sessions (2 sessions per week) was performed, which is designed based on Moreno et al. (2000) (25) psychodrama techniques and methods. Additionally, transcranial electrical therapy consisted of ten sessions that were performed twice a week. The intervention of direct electrical stimulation was in such a way that points on the subject's head were determined, and the anode electrode was placed on the dorsolateral area of the left prefrontal cortex. Besides, the cathode electrode was placed on the dorsolateral area of the right prefrontal cortex for 20 minutes, and stimulation with 5/mA 1 was implemented. After completing the therapeutic intervention sessions, a post-test was conducted to gather data. This study utilized the active dose tDCS device from Active Tek, America, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) (23) to collect the necessary data.

Forty-five teenagers with mild brain injuries (mTBI) in three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) participated in this study. The age of people in the transcranial brain stimulation (tDCS), psychovisual, and control groups was 53.3, 53.3, and 60%, respectively. Most people in the tDCS and psychovisual test groups were boys 80% and 60%, and in the control group, 53.3% were girls. The results of Table 1 show the F ratio of univariate covariance analysis for depression (7.101 and P<0.01), anxiety (11.067 and P<0.01), and stress (19.502 and 0.01). These findings show that the dependent variable of depression, anxiety, and stress is different between the groups. The results listed in table 2 indicate that there is a significant difference between the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress of the tDCS test group and the control group. The tDCS group shows a clear advantage. This method has successfully improved depression, anxiety, and stress scores in adolescents with mild brain trauma. A significant difference was observed between the depression, anxiety, and stress scores of the psychographic test group and the control group. This difference is in favor of the psychological group. Specifically, psychoanalysis has been able to improve the depression, anxiety, and stress scores of adolescents with mild brain trauma. No significant difference was found between the depression, anxiety, and stress scores of the tDCS group and the psychovisual group.

Cathodal stimulation (inhibition) of the right DLPFC decreases the processing of negative emotions, and anodal stimulation (increases the activity) of the left DLPFC increases the processing of positive emotions. Because the right hemisphere is more responsible for processing negative emotions, and the left hemisphere is more responsible for processing positive emotions. In group psychotherapy, children re-enact past traumatic experiences in their roles and get a chance to understand those painful events more correctly and, in this way, gain more control over the future. The emotional refinement that takes place in group psychotherapy helps them to overcome their fears and negative emotions. In the psychic display, the events of the past with its stresses and the future with its hopes are transferred to the present and resolved. However, these two methods of treatment can be used in drug and non-drug treatment centers to improve the psychological problems of adolescents with mild concussions.

The most common problems of concussions are disorders of neuropsychological skills. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of direct electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull and psychodrama on the neuro-psychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions.

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was all teenagers with brain damage in Ardabil Province who referred to Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City in 2021-2022 and received a score of 13-15 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Forty five people were selected from this statistical population by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 people (experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group). The experiment group 1 underwent electrical stimulation intervention (10 sessions of 15 minutes), the experiment group 2 underwent psychodrama intervention (13 sessions of 90 minutes), and the control group did not receive any training. Continuous Performance Test, Tower of London Test, and Crawford et al.'s Retrospective and Prospective Memory Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference across the treatment methods. Electrical stimulation sessions were able to positively affect the components of sustained attention (correct response F=4.961, p=0.012 and response time F=2.398, p=0.001), Tower of London Test (errors F=6.518, p=0.004), and dimensions of memory functioning (prospective memory F=12.943, p<0.001 and retrospective memory F=5.984, p=0.005) and improve cognitive dysfunction.

Based on the findings of the current study, the use of electrical stimulation of the brain as a neuro-rehabilitation intervention is recommended to improve the neuropsychological skills of adolescents with mild concussions.

Aging is a sensitive period that the examining of different aspects of mental health during this phase becomes very important. Having life skills and not having the feeling of inadequacy at this age can help older adults to spend a better time personally and socially and to play a more adaptive role in interpersonal communication. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of examining social adequacy of older adults based on the theory of mind through the mediating role of life skills. This was a descriptive- correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all older adults living in care centers for older adults in Tabriz, Iran in the summer of 2023. The sample, selected using convenience sampling method, were 220 people who responded to Felner’s social adequacy, Qumrani et al.’s theory of mind, and Saatchi’s life skills questionnaires. The data were analyzed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and SEM using SPSS-26 and Lisrel 8.8, respectively. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between theory of mind with social adequacy and life skills, and there is also a positive relationship between life skills and social adequacy. Besides, life skills served a mediating role in the relationship between theory of mind and social adequacy. Therefore, it is concluded that by training and increasing life skills in older adults, their theory of mind and social adequacy can be improved, which may enhance their mental health.

Adolescents are heavily influenced by social and cultural changes that are exposed to harmful environmental stimuli such as addictive; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal model of adolescent vulnerability to addiction based on the sensitivity of sensory processing and brain-behavioral systems with the mediation of childhood trauma in the city of Mashhad. The present study was a descriptive correlation in terms of its practical purpose and the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research was all secondary school students of the second year of Mashhad in the academic year of 1402-1401. 228 students were selected by cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, Enisi's questionnaires for identifying people at risk of addiction, Aron's and Aron's sensory processing sensitivity, Carver's and White's brain-behavioral systems, and Bernstein et al.'s trauma questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method and SPSS27 and Lisrel8.8 software. The results of the research showed that the sensitivity variables of sensory processing and behavioral brain systems have a direct and significant effect on vulnerability to addiction. The results related to the fit indices of the model also showed that childhood trauma can mediate the sensitivity of sensory processing and behavioral brain systems with vulnerability to addiction.

The aim of the study was to provide a structural model of spouse internet addiction based on dark personality traits and the role of a mediator of loneliness. This research from the point of view of purpose, application; from the perspective of data type, a little and then the method of implementation was also a description of the type of structural equations. The American Society of Study was formed by all the qualified men and women of the city of Scene in 1402, who were selected on the basis of the entries of 312 of whom were available for sampling. The data gathering tools included Young Internet Addiction (IAT, Young, 1988) questionnaires, Jonason and Webster’s dark character traits (SD3, Jonason & Webster, 2010) and Russell’s feelings of loneliness (UCLA-LS, Russell et al., 1980). The data was also interpreted by Pearson coherence tests and structural equations using SPSS-27 and AMOS-26. The findings of the research showed that the proposed model has a desirable lifestyle and dark personality traits are both directly and indirectly and mediated by the feeling of loneliness on the spouse’s internet addiction. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, personality traits, especially dark traits and loneliness, may be important influencers in the internet addiction of named couples, which, by examining more of them, could prevent the development of the consequences of family injuries.

The research was purposed to study causal relationship of culture oriented tendency to control weight based on self-concept (ideal and real) among overweight girls mediated by alexithymia. The statistical population consisted of all overweight girls referred to nutritional clinics in Ardabil. The sample encompassed 250 subjects whom were selected via convenient sampling procedure. The research method was descriptive of correlational one. To collect data Rogers’ Self-Concept Scale (1938), Toronto Bagby et al.’s Alexithymia Scale (1994) and Dietary Adherence Scale (1994) were implemented. The data was analyzed by applying Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis, using SPSS-26 and AMOS-23 software. The results revealed that there was a direct positive and significant relationship between ideal self-concept and tendency to control weight, while there is a negative and significant relationship between real self-concept and tendency to control weight. The results of indirect correlation coefficient also suggested that alexithymia, as a mediating variable between the real self-concept and tendency to control weight, could negatively and significantly predict the tendency to control weight and positively and significantly predict the tendency to control weight in the relation between ideal self-concept and tendency to control weight. The results indicated an optimal goodness of fit of the model. Finally alexithymia as a mediating variable in the relationship between self-concept and the tendency to control weight can play an important role in controlling the weight of overweight girls.

The social well-being of social media users is one of the important issues in which there is a need to investigate the role of psychological factors. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the need for online social feedback and social health and consider the mediating role of basic public needs in social network users.  

The research method was descriptive and correlational. According to Kline's (2011) sample size determination method, 380 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. Data collection tools included the Internet Social Feedback Need Scale (NfOSF; Doradooni et al, 2023), Keyes and Shapiro's (2004) social well-being Scale, and the General Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale (BNSG-S; Genieh, 2003). The data were analyzed using the structural equation model method.

The results showed a significant and positive correlation between all variables (p<0.01). Based on the results, the need for social feedback in social networks is 46% directly (p=0.001, β=-0.46) and 32% indirectly (p=0.001, β=-0.32) β) explains the variance of social well-being. Also, the need for social feedback in social networks is 62% (p=0.001, β=0.62) of the variance of satisfaction of basic public needs and satisfaction of basic public needs explains 52% (p=0.001, β=0.52) of the variance of social well-being.

The need for social feedback in social networks is related to the lack of satisfaction with basic public needs. The need for online social feedback and failure to satisfy basic public needs predict low social well-being in social network users.

Drug addiction is one of the most important problems of today's age, which has involved many young people in all societies with associated with negative consequences such as anxiety, depression, poor quality of life, and poor mental health, Therefore, purpose of this research was to evaluate the mediating role of social adequacy in the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and readiness for addiction.

The present study was a correlational and structural equation type study and a statistical population of all undergraduate students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in the academic year 2022-2023. 300 male and female students were selected by the available sampling method. Carver & White’s (1994) Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire, Weed, Butcher, McKenna & Ben-Porath (1992) Addiction Readiness Questionnaire, and Flener & Lease’s Social Competence Questionnaire (1990) were used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) and inferential statistics (correlation and path analysis) were used.

Our study revealed the direct effect of behavioral inhibition variables on readiness for addiction (T=-07.6 and P<0.001) and social adequacy (T=72.4 and P<0.001). Furthermore, behavioral activation exerted a significant effect on readiness for addiction (T=61.4 and P<0.001) and social adequacy (T=-52.3 and P<0.001). Social adequacy had a significant effect on readiness for addiction (T=-7.86 and P<0.001). According to the amount obtained for the VAF statistic, 26.7% of the effect of behavior inhibition and 26.2% of the effect of behavior activation on readiness for addiction can be explained through social adequacy.

Therefore, due to the high prevalence of addiction, it is necessary to investigate the level of readiness for addiction and the factors affecting it, including the behavioral brain systems and social adequacy to deal with the prevalence of addiction.

Cancer diagnosis and hospitalization of children can cause feelings such as anxiety, hopelessness, and fear of death. During hospitalization, play therapy can reduce psychological symptoms and facilitate the interventions of specialists as a non-pharmacological treatment.

Therefore, the aim of the current research was to determine the efficacy of play therapy on anxiety and hopelessness in children with cancer in Ardabil

This study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all children with cancer referred to Boali Hospital Training center year 1397-1398 in Ardebil.30 children were chosen through available sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects each) The experimental group received 8 sessions of Cognitive-behavioral play therapy. Data were collected through “the Kazdin Hopelessness Scale for children (1979)”, and “the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (1997)”. Statistical analyses were conducted by Covariance analysis and SPSS software version 24.

The results of covariance analysis indicated that laughter therapy significantly reduced anxiety and hopelessness scores in the post-test. (P <0.001). 

According to the findings of the research, it can be said that play therapy intervention is effective in reducing anxiety and hopelessness, as a result, this treatment can be used as a complementary treatment alongside the main cancer treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irrational beliefs and social competence in predicting students' cyber bullying experience. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consists of all male students of the second year of public high schools in Ardabil province in the academic year 2019-2020 (N = 21756). A total of 409 of these individuals were selected by cluster random sampling from the above statistical population and individually answered the questionnaires of bullying-cyberbullying experience, irrational beliefs and social competence. The data collected in this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression analysis. The results of correlation coefficient showed that cyber bullying experience has a positive relationship with irrational beliefs (p <0.001; r = 0.45) and a negative and significant relationship with social competence (p = 0.001; r = -0.41). Conclosion: regression analysis also showed that irrational beliefs in a positive way and social competence in a negative way are able to predict the experience of cyber bullying in students.

The aim of this study was to predict Tendency toward Delinquency due to the Role of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Anger Dimensions in Female Students. This study was cross-sectional descriptive and its statistical population was all Female high school students in the one district of Ardabil city, that 279 students from four high schools were selected using multi-stage clusters sampling method. In order to collect data, Dimensions of Anger Questionnaire (Sigel, 1986), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and Attitude toward Delinquency Questionnaire (Fazli, 2010) were used. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. The results showed that tendency toward delinquency had a significant positive relationship with the components of anger arousal, hostile attitude, anger-out and anger-in from the dimensions of anger and had positive relationship with components in doing, difficulty in impulse control and lack of transparency from difficulties in emotion regulation (p<0.01). Also, the components of hostile attitude and anger-out from the dimensions of anger and the component of difficulty in impulse control and lack of transparency from the difficulties in emotion regulation could significantly predict the tendency toward delinquency. Therefore, the results of this study have important implications for identifying individuals at risk of delinquency and need to be considered in development of preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was introduced for the first time in DSM-5. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. Few researches have been done on disruptive mood disorder. The purpose of the current research is the epidemiology of disruptive mood disorder in adolescents and the comparison of moral judgment of affected and non-afflicted individuals.

The research method was descriptive and it was a survey and post-event type.Statistical population included 165 thousand and 555 students from among whom 384 ones were chosen using cluster random sampling based on Morgan formula to investigate epidemiology of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Also, for analyzing moral judgment differencebetween the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and normal students, 45 ones were selected using targeted sampling. For gathering data, emotional reactivity index of Stringaris & et al(2012), moral judgment questionnaire of Rest & et al (1973) and recognition interview based on DSM-5 were used. For analyzing data, descriptive indexes and independent t-test through SPSS 18 software were applied.

Ethical Considerations:

In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity and satisfaction and awareness have been respected.

Descriptive results of the research showedthat the prevalence of syndrome of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was 1.3 percent. Moral judgment of the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was significantly different from that of the students with no disorder (P<0.05, T=2.06).

The prevalence rate of disruptive mood dysregulation disorderin East Azarbaijan province is inthe middle range compared to other studies conducted abroad. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.

Depression is characterized by many symptoms, including thoughts of death and suicide. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles in the prediction of suicidal thoughts of depressed patients. First, using availability sampling and Beck depression inventory, 100 depressed patients admitted to Razi psychiatric hospital in Tabriz were selected. Then Beck scale for suicide ideation, Antonovsky's sense of coherence questionnaire, Carver and White's brain-behavioral systems questionnaire, and Seligman's attributional style questionnaire were presented to them to collect information. Then data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. The results of this study showed that sense of coherence explained 44%, brain-behavioral systems explained 28.9% and attributional styles explained 33.9% of the variance of suicidal thoughts in depressed patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that sense of coherence, brain-behavioral systems, and attributional styles are the variables affecting the suicidal thoughts of depressed patients.

Poetry therapy is a type of creative art therapy that uses poetry and other stimulating forms of literature to achieve therapeutic goals and personal growth. Positive and negative symptoms have been reported to be effective both in controlling and treating schizophrenia patients, and non-pharmacological interventions are necessary to reduce these symptoms. One of the new non-pharmacological interventions in this field is poetry therapy, therefore, the present research has been investigated with the aim of its effectiveness in a group on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. This study was conducted as an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included patients hospitalized in the treatment and rehabilitation centers of Ardabil city. Among these people, 22 people were selected by cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Eleven group poetry therapy sessions were conducted for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to collect data and the data was analyzed by univariate analysis of variance on SPSS-22. The results showed that after controlling for the pre-test effect, the average post-test scores of the experimental group subjects in positive symptoms, negative symptoms were lower than the scores of the control group subjects (P<0.05), which indicates The effectiveness of group poetry therapy intervention was. This study showed that group poetry therapy is effective as a non-pharmacological treatment on chronic schizophrenic patients and can be used by clinical specialists in treatment centers.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new disorder with challenging diagnosis and treatment. As a result, standard irritability therapies must be used in order to obtain therapeutic implications for the aforementioned disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy based on parental education on emotion regulation and irritability in students with disruptive mood disorders.

The research method was semi-experimental, with pre-test and post-test groups, and contained control and follow-up session. The study's statistical population included all male high school students in East Azarbaijan province during the academic year 2020–2021. The study population included 30 students with disruptive mood disorders who were chosen through a nonprobability purposive sampling method. The Stringaris et al. (2012) Emotional Affective Reactivity Index, the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and the clinical interview based on the DSM-5 were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using analysis of ANOVA with repeated measures and via statistical package for social sciences version 18.

Family-based cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be significantly effective in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (p<0/001). Furthermore, the Bonferroni correction test results revealed that the educational effect persisted throughout the follow-up period (p>0/05).

The current study's findings support the efficacy of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical therapy in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Therefore, its use is recommended for treatment specialists in the field of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and meaning and purpose therapy in promoting post-traumatic growth and psychosocial adjustment in breast cancer patients. The current research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients' Association in 2019, 45 of whom were purposive and were randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, therapy based on meaning and purpose, and the control group. In this research, the 46-question Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self-Report (PAIS-SR)-Derogatis (1986) and the post-traumatic growth questionnaire by. Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996) were used. The experimental groups underwent treatment based on meaning and purpose and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session each week. To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the mean of the post-test in the two groups of the test and the test in the variable of psycho-social adaptation and post-traumatic growth (P ≥ 0.01), as evidence of the pre-test effect. In other words, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than treatment based on meaning and goal in the variable of psychosocial adjustment, and therapy based on meaning and goal was more effective in the variable of post-traumatic growth than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on academic burnout and academic performance of students.

The study was a experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control groups. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Ardabil in the academic year 2020-2021, from it, a sample of 30 females was selected by cluster random sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 students.To conduct the research, under the same conditions, both groups of per-test were tested using the academic questionnaire. The data collection tools were Bresó, Salanova & Schaufeli (2007), Academic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), along with Pham & Taylor (1999) Academic Performance Questionnaire (APQ). Afterwards, the experimental group was trained in Captain Log cognitive software for 16 sessions. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using multivariate covariance test.

Research results show that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention in the experimental group has reduced academic burnout and increasd students' academic performance (P<0.001).

Based on these results, the training and application of cognitive rehabilitation seems necessary to provide suitable conditions and platform for teaching and learning.

Cancer is one of the diseases that requires complex and multidisciplinary treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of positive thinking training and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in improving morale and psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer patients.
The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this research included all breast cancer patients in the Bukan Cancer Patients Association, 45 people were selected and randomly replaced in three groups: positive thinking training, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, and the control group. The experimental groups were trained in positive thinking and cognitive therapy based on group mindfulness for 8 weeks and one 60-minute session every week.
Both treatments had a significant effect on the variables of demoralization and psycho-social adjustment in breast cancer patients. Also, the study showed that positive thinking training treatment was more effective than cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the variable of demoralization. Also, the results showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was more effective than positive thinkin training in the variable of psychosocial adjustment.
Therefore, to help breast cancer patients, psychological treatments can have positive effects so that by overcoming the existential crisis, they adopt a new cognitive and behavioral system and get out of their negative habits and thought patterns and live consciously and meaningfully. To discover the hidden meaning in the heart of suffering caused by cancer.

This study sought to develop a structural relationship model for relapse prediction based on dysfunctional personality beliefs regarding the mediating role of inhibition control. The investigation involved the correlation of structural equations. In 2021, the statistical population comprised all drug addicts who sought treatment at Ardabil Addiction Treatment Camp. 200 male subjects were chosen using the available sampling method and the Relapse to the Prediction Questionnaire (RPS), the Dysfunctional Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ), and the Inhibition Control Test (go / nogo). Using clever pls3 software, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the results of structural equation modeling, dysfunctional personality beliefs have a direct and significant effect on relapse. In addition, inhibition control mediated the indirect impact of dysfunctional personality beliefs. The value of fit (GOF) criterion was utilized to evaluate the model’s overall fit, which governs both the measurement and structural model components. Consequently, the value of goodness of fit (GOF) is 0.41, which, when compared to acceptable values for GOF, demonstrates the model’s overall good fit. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to provide regular training programs for substance abusers based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy in order to determine the patient’s dysfunctional beliefs about addiction, assist the patient in developing more effective beliefs and behaviors, and assist the patient in developing more effective coping mechanisms.

The high attractiveness of online games, along with the significant prevalence of addiction to them has made these games receive attention from experts. Therefore, the present study was done to fit a causal model of addiction to online games based on the A, B, C, and D brain quadrants dominance in students with the mediating role of behavioral regulation of emotion.

The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the research included 291 students of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the academic year 2021-2022. These students were selected by the available sampling method and participated in the research through an online questionnaire.

The direct effect of the lateral cerebral superiority variable A (P < 0.01 and T = -2.81), lateral cerebral superiority variable B (P < 0.01 and T = -4.84), lateral cerebral superiority variable C (P < 0.01 and T = -2.30) and positive behavioral emotion regulation (P < 0.01 and T = -5.34) exerted negative effects on addiction to online games and the direct effect of lateral brain superiority variable D (01/ P>0 and T=5.78) and negative behavioral emotion regulation (P<0.01 and T=7.19) were positive and significant. Therefore, the causal model of the relationship between the addiction to online games, brain lateralization, and behavioral regulation of emotion was confirmed based on various fit indices. According to the amount obtained for the VAF statistic, 19.9% of the effect of lateral superiority B, 31.7 % of the effect of lateral superiority C, and 18.1% of the effect of lateral superiority D on addiction to online games through negative behavioral regulation of emotion, and 34.6% of the effect of lateral superiority C and 20.5% of the effect of lateral superiority D on addiction to online games through positive behavioral emotion regulation can be explained.

Due to the high prevalence of using smartphones, it will be extremely important to evaluate the condition of the dominant cerebral cortex and the behavioral emotion regulation on online games addiction.

Studies show that psychological protective factors play a decisive role in reducing the traumatic consequences of stressful factors and improving the quality of life in people with chronic diseases. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural equation model of psychological hardiness and perceived social support in psychological distress with the mediating role of body image dissatisfaction in women with breast cancer. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this research was all women with breast cancer referred to Imam Sajjad Hospital in Ramsar city, 200 people in the age range of 30 to 60 years were selected by purposive sampling method. Participants responded to instruments of psychological hardiness, perceived social support, psychological distress, and body image dissatisfaction. The results of the Sobel test showed that the body dissatisfaction variable was a mediator in the relationship between psychological hardiness (Z=-6.71, p<0.01) and social support (Z=-0.01, p<-4.21) with psychological distress. According to the results, knowing the factors affecting dissatisfaction with body image such as psychological hardiness and social support is important in the mental health of people with breast cancer and shows the necessity of interventions focused on factors related to dissatisfaction with body image in order to reduce psychological distress in these people.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new diagnosis with multiple treatment challenges. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. There are very few treatment studies on DMDD. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on emotion regulation and irritability in students with disruptive mood disorders.

The current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students of the first secondary level of East Azarbaijan province who referred to the counseling centers of education and training departments in the academic year of 2020–2021. The study population included 30 students with disruptive mood disorders who were chosen through a nonprobability purposive sampling method. Emotional Affective Reactivity Index, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the clinical interview were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through the statistical test of ANOVA with repeated measurements.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy was found to be significantly effective in reducing irritability and regulating emotions in students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the results revealed that the educational effect persisted throughout the follow-up period (P > 0.05).

According to the results of the research, dialectical behavior therapy can increase the awareness of the disruptive mood disorder sufferers about their problems and gain a more correct understanding in dealing with problems, especially in the interpersonal field. Therefore, in the field of treatment of disruptive mood disorder, dialectical behavior therapy can be implemented as part of the treatment plan.

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by forced and impulsive drug use. The aim of this study was to structurally model the severity of substance dependence based on affective temperament with the mediating role of inhibition control.
The research was a correlation of structural equations. The statistical population included all drug addicts who referred to Ardabil addiction treatment camps in 2021. A total of 200 of these individuals responded to the substance abuse severity, affective temperament and inhibition control test (go / no go) by Purposive sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed using smart pls3 software.
The results showed that affective temperament had a direct and significant effect on the severity of substance dependence. Also, the indirect effect of affective temperament on the severity of substance dependence was confirmed by the mediation of inhibition control.
According to the results of the present study, the study of affective temperament and inhibition control is a necessary and vital step in management, prognosis and prevention of dependence and substance use.