حمید ضرغام بروجنی

This research aims to provide guidelines for the sustainable development of rural tourism by using the future study of target villages for tourism in central Iran, which was carried out with a case study of Saryazd, the target village for tourism in the province of Yazd. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The research's statistical sample comprises ten experts with more than ten years of related experience selected by non-random snowball sampling. Data were collected through media scanning, written and digital sources, interviews, and questionnaires and were analyzed using MAXQDA software and quantitative content analysis techniques. The research method is based on the TAIDA technique, which will be used in future research and scenario development. The research findings showed that the most crucial strategy at the management level is creating a destination management/marketing organization (DMO) and developing a destination management plan (DMP). At the activity level, the training of the local community and their preparation for participation in rural tourism activities by experts and the creation of facilities by the public sector, such as tax exemption incentives for investors to invest in the village and rural tourism. At the task level, changing the water consumption pattern and familiarizing all stakeholders with new methods of water consumption and modern irrigation techniques are suggested guidelines to reach the desired future scenario.

Tourism destinations are getting more complex. Increasing uncertainty and environmental changes are among the most important ones that tourism destinations have to deal with to maintain their competitive advantage. Preferably innovation, flexibility, responsiveness, and redefinition of market opportunities can be considered as the new techniques for gaining the advantages. These techniques are focused on the effective use of knowledge, skills, and the experience of key actors, known as learning in the literature. Although the learning (organization) concept is spread in various settings such as cities (learning cities), or universities (learning universities), little research has been done in tourism. Thus, this research aims to provide a model for the development of Learning Tourism Destinations in Yazd. Based on qualitative methods, the researchers did a thematic analysis of the interviews with 14 tourism experts and an Interpretive Structural Model analysis of 12 experts’ questionnaires. The proposed model is composed of four levels in which there is sustainability at the highest level. In the second level of the model, there are futurism, system thinking, and human resource management empowerment. The third level of the model is composed of adaptive management, coordination and participation, cultural exchange, responsibility, innovation and creativity, and environmental intelligence. At the lowest level, there are factors of competitive intelligence, technological intelligence, research and development, intellectual capital, and knowledge management. The results of the research can be used as a model for transforming learning cities into learning tourism destinations.

Tourism regions are among the most important resources for the development of the tourism industry. The status of Tehran province’s tourism regions shows that while twenty-nine tourism regions have been designated in the province, none of them are operationalized. Therefore, considering the significance of investment in such regions, this study sought to identify the factors involved in promoting and/or hindering investments in tourism regions of the province (those located in Shemiranat city). To this end, the required data for this applied survey study were collected via a questionnaire. According to the results of the study, the factors mentioned above could be divided into four categories: “policy and regulations”, “preparatory studies”, “financial support”, and “knowledge promotion and capacity building”. In this regard, the highest mean among the inhibiting factors belonged to the disharmony between executive bodies, lack of regulations regarding the time required for the issuance of relevant permits by the competent authorities and organizations, the risk of inflation, and lack of well-trained managers and employees. As for the success factors, the highest mean was related to factors such as submitting the management of tourism regions to qualified people, the necessity of conducting comprehensive risk studies before deciding to hand over the project, creating support and development funds to provide sustainable resources for granting loans and facilities and fostering cooperation between the local community and investors.

Organizations are forced to adapt themselves to the ever-increasing advances in knowledge and technology in order to survive in this changing environment. They are to take fundamental measures and changes based on innovation, flexibility, responsiveness, creative redefinition of the market and new opportunities, and resources to gain a competitive advantage. These changes are focused on effective use of the knowledge-based capital, which is achieved by creating a learning organization. This article is to present a model for transforming hotels into learning organizations. Therefore, by compiling interview questions based on theoretical literature and obtaining experts' opinions with thematic analysis method, indicators and factors of the learning hotel for the Iranian hotel industry is presented. The model is composed of 61 basic concepts, 11 organizing concepts, and 3 comprehensive concepts including the drivers, the factors, and the consequences of the learning hotel.

The belief of the stakeholders who provide tourism services in the destination plays an important role in the sustainability of destinations. The values ​​of variables affecting these beliefs are always ambiguous and the causal relationships between them are uncertain. If we want to consider the reality of the dynamics in their opinions, the complexity of the issue will increase. For this purpose, we used fuzzy logic, Bayesian belief networks and opinion dynamics models. It is implemented on the data of Iranian stakeholders with the aim of attracting Chinese tourists. The data was collected by the questionnaire during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 and is related to 540 stakeholders. Finally, not only an agent-based simulation is provided to visualize trends and how they evolve or co-evolve, but the possibility of predicting defective and desirable trends is provided to prevent or strengthen them, respectively.

The utopia promised by the modern age has not arrived, man, as a response to his failure in realizing modernism's ideals, attempted to create a parallel virtual world. Living in this virtual parallel world resulted in creation of billions of digital footprints in a fraction of a second and the emergence of Big Data. Following the transformation in human social life and social researchers' better access to complex social realities in the presence of Big Data, a fundamental shift in the current social research landscape is required. One of the biggest concerns of today's scientific community is revolving around this shift, they wonder to what degree the traditional scientific method might still be relevant in the era of Big Data. Are we on the verge of a paradigm shift in social science? Has theory, as the building block of the modern science, reached its end? This study seeks to answer these two fundamental questions with an interdisciplinary approach in mind, through systematic review of scientific documents published in the period of 2009-2021, several relevant studies across the philosophy of science and data and social science disciplines have been identified and reviewed. After critically reviewing the ongoing scholarly debate, this study argues against the claim that Big Data is the end of theory in science and conclude that Big Data inherently transforms social science research and a transition to a new paradigm is under way.

Health strategies for covid19 have stopped travel and tourism activities around the world and have undeniably led to a decrease in international travel, followed by an increase in domestic travel demand. Although tourism is resilient, the unprecedented impacts of covid19 indicate a crisis in this industry. The crisis that is not only different, but can have long-term structural changes in tourism. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the tourists’ motivations to make domestic travel during the outbreak of Covid19. This study is a qualitative research. The sampling method was purposive and the number of statistical samples based on achieving theoretical saturation was 17 and the data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA in the framework of three steps; open, axial, and selective coding. The findings show that there are various motivation factors for travel during the Covid19 outbreak. As a result of this research, it was found that the existence of tourist’s push motivation has led to the formation of pull motivation for travel in this period. Inhibitory factors were also identified, although they did not stop the domestic tourists from traveling, made them change their usual travel patterns.

Supply chains have evolved over time from improving supply-side processes to meeting customer needs and value chains. The fact that the tourism industry's customers want to get an integrated product requires an interactive framework for value creation among different stakeholders, the realization of which has always faced some barriers. As the Internet and the development of the tourism's electronic supply chain provide an interactive platform for integration, this study sought to identify the factors involved in the integration of the supply chain and to find out how to create value through the chain. To this end, a framework was proposed based on the categories, sub-categories, and concepts presented in previous studies using the meta-synthesis method. Having reviewed 175 abstracts, t119 items were examined in terms of the Critical Assessment Skills Program checklist, and 35 items were investigated in terms of their content. The study's findings indicated that different types of internal and external drivers and barriers affected the macro environment, chain, and different aspects of internal integration, suppliers (external), and customers. Therefore, it could be argued that the integration of the supply chain and co-creation of value leads to value creation for all stakeholders and that the electronic supply chain provides the interactive grounds for integration, co-creation, and value creation.

Based on the theoretical foundation of the study, it was hypothesized that the combination of curriculum with different types of tourism can help with the attainment of educational goals in different areas. A sample of 108 students and professors in three fields of Curriculum Planning, Educational Administration, and Tourism Management at Allameh Tabataba’i University provided the needed data. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the collected data revealed that all research hypotheses were supported at a confidential level of 0.95. In other words, combining religious tourism with the curriculum can help with the goals of moral and religious education, just as scientific and occupational tourism can do the same in the areas of economic, vocational, and technological education. Furthermore, socio-historical tourism, once combined with the curricula in socio-political education can help with the realization of the goals in this area, just as recreational and nature tourism on the one hand, and art and culture tourism, on the other, can do the same in the related areas.

Given the variety and complexity of end tourism products Supply chain integration is very important and can create value for all stakeholders. Despite the many barriers that prevent supply chain of tourism services in Iran to be integrated, there are also drivers that lead to integration. The development of information technology and the electronic supply chain play a key role in this process. In this paper, in order to analyze the themes that are effective on this topic, by using qualitative method, semi-structured interviews with experts are done and analyzed in MAXQDA software. Finally based on the findings, thematic network for value creation of value chain is plotted. Accordingly, the factors affecting supply chain integration include driving factors and barriers to integration. Integration of the supply chain with internal, external and customer dimensions can create value. The electronic supply chain can help creating value by a platform for collaboration, value creation, and the emergence of service integrators. But on the other hand, these platforms can also create value for the stakeholders or destroy or change values. Finally, integrated chains can create value by considering the requirements.

Religious tourism plays an important role in Iranian cultural and economic sustainability. Due to the special nature of the Iranian political establishment, this type of tourism provides many potentials for tourism development in different parts of Iran. Making the best use of these capacities requires recognition of the barriers and challenges lying ahead of the development of religious tourism. Therefore, this study set out to identify the challenges facing religious tourism, using thematic analysis (TA) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Moreover, the relationship model between the influential factors involved in this regard was extracted at three levels via the thematic network. Finally, MICMAC analysis was conducted to measure the influence power and dependence of the factors. The required data were collected through library research and administering a questionnaire on 15 experts familiar with the subject matter who were selected through purposive sampling, out of whom 11 experts completed the questionnaire. The findings of the study indicated that variables such as lack of attention to the chain of providing religious tourism services, lack of programming, policymaking, and monitoring the religious tourism process, and not allocating budget and financial supports for religious tourism development in Iran played essential and key roles in the non-development of this type of tourism. These variables were placed at the third level of the model that affect the second level variables. It was also found that the variables such as inefficient management of religious tourism facilities and services, inefficient management of religious attractions and events, and improper management of religious tourism marketing were dependent variables that were placed at the first level of the model.

Medical tourism facilitator firms are the firms which act as intermediaries between suppliers of medical tourism and the patients. In order to have efficient and sufficient outcome, these firms need a well-organized infrastructure. In this research, we investigated the infrastructure management indicators of medical tourism facilitator firms in Iran.

This research was conducted by using a two-step quantitative

the Delphi technique and distribution of a structured questionnaire. Statistical population for the first data collection step consisted of the experts in medical tourism and e-business. The second statistical population was medical tourism facilitator firms. The data were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).

The infrastructure management for a Medical tourism facilitator firm included the following five factors: activity configuration, network partner, capabilities, internal (mission, strategy and structure) and external (government, competitors and technology) factors. Activity configurations of a firm, included Collaboration platforms, Virtual communities and Value-chain integrators as main activities of an Medical tourism facilitator firm firm. By examining the network partner factor, it became prominent that insurance companies must be considered more although they face limitations due to sanctions. Capability include facilities in medical and tourism segment, access to database of hospitals and physicians. Considering the internal factors mission, structures and strategy of the firm in the context of planning, their target segment, the firm’s human resources and IT structure of the firm should be developed. The government affects Medical tourism facilitator firm firms by making rules and regulations in the context of visa issuance, having relationship with medical tourism target countries, investing and supporting medical tourism system. The internal and external competitors should be monitored wisely for activities, partners, services, prices and the type of provided services. Technology is towards e-health and health applications and platform to provide required data and information for patients of MTF firms as well.

To manage infrastructure of an MTF firm, it is necessary to consider activity configuration, network partner, capabilities, internal and external factors comprehensively, as mentioned in this paper. Designing a platform between facilitators and partners as well as facilitators and patients is recommended.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the role of social responsibility in supporting sustainable tourism by mediating the benefits and costs of tourism from the perspective of the host community in Sarein. The purpose of this research is applied and the research method is questionnaire based survey. The statistical population of this study is inhabitants of Sarein city, 384 of them were selected as sample (available sampling method). Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using ordinary least squares (OLS) with SPSS and LISREL software. The results indicate that social responsibility has a significant and positive impact on perceived benefits and support for sustainable tourism, as well as perceived benefits on sustainable tourism support. Social responsibility also has a significant and negative effect on perceived costs. Finally, perceived benefits play a mediating role in the impact of social responsibility on sustainable tourism support;

Income generation potential of Tourism is a feature that has attracted the support of policymakers and host communities. The injection of inbound tourists’ expenditures to the destinations increases the income of households and institutions. Using the social accounting matrix of 2011, this paper evaluates the impact of the development of inbound tourism sector on the income of the households and institutions, as well as its distribution. The social accounting matrix has been altered so that it can incorporate tourism sector as one single sector next to other sectors in the production account. Moreover, the channels through which this development affects the income of households and institutions have been identified adopting structural path analysis approach. The findings show that institutions, urban households and rural households enjoy the most income increase, respectively. The four-fold share of the urban households compared to that of the rurals indicates an increase in the income gap as a result of inbound tourism development. Transportation sector has the greatest share in transferring the income-generating effects of the inbound tourism development to the households and institutions. Labor and capital are the most important factors of production in transferring inbound tourism development income to the households and institutions respectively.

The teachings of the Holy Qur'an and the infallibility of the infallibles (AS) about the rights and development of a child have always been converged with his education. In the Holy Qur'an and hadiths, the use of tourism with titles such as travel, travel, tourism, for personal, social, political and economic purposes, in particular to strengthen the worship dimension, has been recommended, and examples of the use of tourism in the education of children are observed. To be. The purpose of this study was to investigate " The role of tourism in child rearing in educational aspects from the perspective of Quran and Hadith". In this study, logical reasoning strategy was used in qualitative research. Findings of this study show; Which emphasize the use of attractive and active learning methods in the training of translators, tailored to their characteristics and needs. Also, school tourism and field trips enhance students' personal and social skills. In the educational system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the use of these methods, especially tourism, in the elementary curriculum This study introduces some of the most effective methods of documented learning to religious doctrine. It also proposes a framework for attaining Quranic and Hadith-based educational areas for the role of tourism in the curriculum for elementary students, a framework for achieving the, aspects of education based on the Quran and the Hadith has proposed.

Sustainable development is the ultimate of tourism industry and one of its objectives in the 21st century. Cultural tourism can lead to irreparable consequences and unsustainability if planned and managed poorly; and hence the importance of studying its performance and consequences at different tourism destinations. Numerous studies have been done on the consequences of sustainable tourism development in cultural destinations. However, no comprehensive study that includes all these factors and identifies their relationships has been presented. Adopting a holistic perspective, this study aims to identify the consequences of cultural tourism sustainable development and develop a model of their relationships. This study is performed using an explorative mixed method. In its qualitative phase, 43 primary codes were identified via a systematic meta-synthesis analysis, which were grouped into 3 minor and 3 major categories of tourists, host community, and the environment. Employing a fuzzy Delphi method and an interpretative structural modeling approach at the quantitative phase, the identified indexes were converted to fuzzy values and their relationships were discovered and analyzed entirely. In order to use the opinions of 11 cultural tourism experts in modeling, a questionnaire was used. The experts were selected purposively using a snowball sampling technique. The study results led to the categorization of sustainable tourism development at cultural destinations and a six-level model accordingly. Finally, the model is interpreted and its levels and the relationships among its dimensions are analyzed; and suggestions are made for sustaining the positive consequences and preventing from the negative ones at cultural destinations.

Tourism is a powerful means of cultural transactions among societies. UNWTO predicted the following two decades (to 2030) to be the tourism sustainable growth period. Cultural tourism development could preserve the cultural and natural assets of destinations, enhance the host communities’ quality of life, and delight the tourists. Following an interpretive approach and a systematic meta-synthesis technique, this paper systematically studied the scholarship in cultural tourism sustainable development. This study identified and categorized the extracted codes using a latent content analysis strategy. Based on the CASP criterion, the papers published in authentic Persian and English scientific databases by 2019 (Azar 1397) were selected. Maxqda 2018.1 was used to identify, group, analyze, and interpret the codes. One hundred four primary codes were grouped into 29 major and minor categories, and four main codes: i.e., dimensions, influential factors, impacts and challenges of cultural tourism sustainable development. We presented a conceptual model for cultural tourism sustainable development. Finally, by Cohen’s kappa index using SPSS, the validity of the results was measured 0.712, also verified by the experts excluding the authors.
 

Tourism development can bring about economic growth and job creation at destinations. Tourist arrival at a destination increases the final demand for product, therefore tourism and non-tourism economic sectors increase their production in order to meet the final and intermediate demands, respectively. Thus economic growth is brought about and demand for labor increases. Using the social accounting matrix of 2011, this paper studied the impact of inbound tourism development on the output of economic sectors and its job creation potential. The social accounting matrix is modified so as to incorporate tourism as a single comprehensive sector. Moreover, using structural path analysis approach, the paths through which tourism development affects the output level of other sectors are identified. Findings indicate that compared to other sectors, inbound tourism has the greatest effect on the production level. The results show the manufacturing, transportation and services sectors have the most output increase as a result of inbound tourism development. The highest direct impact is experienced in the transportation sector, while the highest indirect impact is imposed via intermediate demand of transportation from manufacturing sector. The highest induced effect is witnessed when the labor income of the middle-income urban households which is earned from tourism transportation is spent on services. Finally, job creation potential of inbound tourism is revealed to be at the fourth place, after agriculture, construction and transportation sectors, respectively. Therefore, developing inbound tourism can enhance production and employment.

In this research, the social network capabilities on the tourists' intention to travel through the variables of the process of tourist experience from the social network, interaction with tourists, creating pleasure for tourists, and the value of tourism benefits of the European tourists in Tehran have been investigated. The present research was applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of research methodology. The statistical population was the tourism experts and technical managers of travel agencies of Tehran. The Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. The bootstrap method was used to test the path analysis of hypothesis. The findings of the research showed that social networking capabilities had an impact on the process of tourism experience from the social network and interaction with tourists. Creating pleasure for tourists also influenced tourists’ intention of to travel, but the value of tourism service benefit and interaction with tourists did not affect the intention of tourists to travel. In fact, the choice of European tourists requires a brand with high interconnection, attractive appearance, and significant credit for tourists. Findings of this research showed that social network capabilities influenced the process of tourist experience of social network and interaction with tourists. The results of this study also indicated that the process of tourist experience of social network did not affect the interaction with tourists, but the process of tourist experience of social network affected tourists’ intention to travel.

This research has two main objectives, the first goal is to provide an entrepreneurial marketing model for the hotel industry in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the second goal is to measure entrepreneurial marketing and its effects on hotel performance. To do this research an exploratory mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) have been used. In the qualitative section, the researcher used qualitative content analysis to develop an entrepreneurial marketing scale and a model. To gather data; in-depth interviews have been used with 20 directors of 3, 4 and 5-star hotels in Tehran. In the quantitative sector, in order to collect data, three questionnaires of entrepreneurial marketing, financial and non-financial performance was used. Accordingly, 48 questionnaires of entrepreneurial marketing and financial performance and 384 questionnaires of non-financial have been gathered. For the validity of the questionnaires, Corrected Item-Total Correlation, content validity ratio, face validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were used and for reliability Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (Dillon-Goldstein's rho coefficient) were calculated by using the Smart PLS software. The results showed that everything was appropriate. Structural equation modeling was also used to test the hypotheses of the research using Smart PLS software. The results confirm the direct impact of entrepreneurial marketing on financial performance and rejecting the mediating role of non-financial performance in transferring the effect of entrepreneurial marketing on financial performance

The tourism industry is one of the most important factors creating wealth and employment in the world. Religious tourism is one of the main types of tourism in Iran. This kind of tourism can be a source of knowledge, development and sustainability for communities. This study provides a comprehensive framework for identifying and investigating the direct and indirect effects of each of the factors affecting the development of religious tourism in the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, at first factors affecting the development of religious tourism in Iran is identified by comprehensive review of the literature and opinions of experts in the field and then these factors were rated using Interpretive Structural Modeling(ISM). According to the results “Formulating rules and regulations” and “Having systematic thinking”, is the most basic elements in the development of religious tourism of Iran that must be taken into serious consideration by executives in the industry. The results of this research will help policy makers so that they can choose a better path for the development of religious tourism.

One of the challenges that currently exists in the field of events management in the country is events policy making. The gap is gaining local culture development and economic benefits simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to explain and classify the experiences of visitors of Iranian food festivals. Taking these experiences into event planners and managers makes it more convenient to attract enthusiasts. The purpose of this study is to explain and classify the experiences of visitors in Iranian food festivals. In this regard, by focusing on the reasons of people participation in food festivals, main roots of desired experiences are discovered. After books and articles reviews, using a qualitative analysis of focus groups, a new classification was developed to explain the experiences of these participants. The qualitative exploratory study was conducted in this research.

Medical tourism is a growing phenomenon in 21th century that has one of fastest growing markets in tourism. Despite Iran's medical tourism capabilities, statistics show a very small market share for the country. Due to good opportunities and increasing international competition in medical tourism on one hand, and not using our capabilities in this industry on the other, this mixed method research aims to identify medical tourism development solutions as well as appropriate measures and policy instruments to implement them in Iran. The study was conducted in two phases. In the 1st phase(qualitative) after interviewing 16 participants, appropriate solutions, measures and instruments were extracted using thematic analysis. On the 2nd phase, statistical tests were used to approve and prioritize solutions as well as to assess the policy instruments according to effectiveness and feasibility measures. According to the results, there are 20 solutions and 37 effective feasible policy measures for medical tourism development in Iran which should be pursued in three areas of "policy making and administrative structures", "medical tourism supply chain" and "medical tourism markets.

Medical tourism as one of the health tourism branches , is a growing phenomenon in 21th century that has one of fastest growing markets in tourism. Despite Iran's medical tourism capabilities, statistics show a very small market share for the country. Due to good opportunities and increasing international competition in medical tourism on one hand, and not using our capabilities in this industry on the other, this qualitative study aims to explore medical tourism development barriers in Iran and provide practical guidance, using a thematic analysis approach. 16 semi-structured interviews and data coding was undertaken. Results revealed that the 3 main barriers and their dimensions are as follows: 1- issues in "policy making and administrative structures" including administrative system, overlap between tourism and health policy areas, poor cooperation between public and private sector, poor information and statistics, poor monitoring and evaluation. 2- barriers of medical tourism supply chain including poor service provision process, unlawful service provision, poor competitiveness, investment barriers. 3- barriers related to target markets including poor communication with foreign patients, poor marketing and advertisement, poor competitive position.