رضا رستمی

Specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders with biological origin. This origin includes the interaction of genetic, paragenetic, and environmental factors. At the same time, the symptoms of this disorder occur at the cognitive level. Specific learning disorders include problems in academic abilities such as fluency in reading, reading comprehension, writing, and mathematical reasoning. The most common learning disorder seems to be dyslexia. Learning disabilities are one of the main problems in children's academic performance and progress in the educational system of the United States and probably other countries around the world. One increasingly prominent and well–documented treatment for this developmental impairment has recently been the executive functions training approach. This study is intended to be a systematic review of the effectiveness of executive functions training on reading and writing skills of students with learning difficulties as a scientific ground for selecting more efficacious treatments.

To this end, this research was done as a systematic literature review, scoping various techniques and different treatment approaches that have been applied so far to enhance the academic performances of students with reading and writing difficulties. Three online databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only research studies published in English were accounted for. No limitations were exerted but on the subject's country or language. The time duration for all search was from 2010 to 2022. All papers were to be first–order research; this study did not include other literature reviews and meta–analytic research in its study sample. It also excluded interventions for other learning problems, such as dyscalculia. Furthermore, interventions for adult problems were excluded.
A total of 1172 potentially relevant papers were found at the primary searching activities. However, after different levels of elimination, only 14 papers were decided to meet the criteria fully.

There were few relevant treatments, but they were divergent regarding the techniques used and the cognitive functions trained. Among them, however, those who were found to be more decisively influential were Computerized Executive Functions Training (CEFT), Computerized Working Memory Training (CWMT), Action Video Games Training (AVG), and Visual Spatial Attention training. Careful examination of these treatments shows that most computerized training tasks could have been executed in non–computerized versions. Indeed, computerization for most tasks is only a methodological strategy to implement training in exact timing. Meanwhile, some negative evidence was also found, suggesting that some of the executive functions training that has been frequently claimed to be effective were completely useless on children with learning disabilities. Although this evidence is relatively negligible, subsequent work is needed to determine the effectiveness of each treatment. On the other hand, some of the most effective intervention programs were organized in such a way as to take, explicitly or implicitly, a central or supervisory system of executive functions for granted.

Despite the lack of certainty regarding the effectiveness of each of the interventions individually in improving learning problems, it seems that to improve children's reading and writing skills, using programs based on executive functions as a combination of several designed components is a more practical approach.

Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune, psychosomatic diseases of the skin, which is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty in expressing negative feelings. The role of emotional experiences and especially alexithymia in the clinical course of many skin diseases has been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of alexithymia and psychological distress in predicting the degree of itching and the severity of the disease in people with psoriasis. The statistical population of the study was psoriasis sufferers in 1401 from Tehran. For this purpose, with the available sampling method, 187people with psoriasis who were members of the Iranian Psoriasis Association participated in the research online. Toronto alexithymia Questionnaire (TAS-20), Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Psoriasis Level and Severity Index (PASI) and self-report itch intensity measurement were completed. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between alexithymia, psychological distress, severity of itching and severity of the disease. Stepwise regression was used to investigate the moderating role of alexithymia between psychological distress and itching severity. The findings show that the beta related to the interaction of alexithymia and psychological distress is significant in predicting 34%of itching in psoriasis. But these results were not significant for predicting the severity of the disease by emotional ataxia and psychological distress.

A key trigger for many of the complications that are symptoms of cancer types is changes in the gastrointestinal environment, which is a major obstacle in the way of managing side effects. The purpose of this research was to investigate the benefits and challenges of using medicinal cannabis in reducing physical and psychological problems caused by chemotherapy and intestinal inflammation as a review study.

In this review study, a comprehensive search in English was conducted in reputable scientific databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL from 2019 to 2023, using a combination of keywords to find relevant sources and studies. . Based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the removal of duplicate studies, texts relevant to the objectives of this study were extracted from a total of 81 reviewed articles.

The studies reviewed showed that the breakdown of the mucosal barrier (mucositis) was a common and primary side effect of cancer treatments, contributed to a wide range of severe physical and psychological symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, infection, malnutrition, fatigue, depression, and insomnia, for which medical cannabis may be effective in alleviating these symptoms.

Considering the potential challenges and benefits of medicinal cannabis in reducing physical and psychological problems caused by chemotherapy and intestinal inflammation, it is necessary to investigate more research in this field and if more clinical evidence is confirmed, medicinal cannabis can be used as a treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global rise in sleep disorders, serving as a critical indicator of societal mental health. This study aims to examine the trends in health information searches related to sleep disorders during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, comparing these trends with the same period two years prior.

This descriptive study analyzed the internet search behavior of Iranians seeking health information between 2017 and 2022. Data were collected on sleep disorder-related searches during the initial seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran using Google Trends. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the volume and percentage of searches related to sleep disorders during the pandemic with those in the corresponding periods of the previous years. Additionally, Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between the daily trends in COVID-19-related deaths and the volume of internet searches concerning sleep disorders.

The volume of searches related to sleep disorders significantly increased (p<0.001) during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran compared to the same period in the two preceding years. These searches initially exhibited an upward trend, followed by a decline, eventually stabilizing. A strong (r = 0.8) and significant (p<0.05) correlation was observed between the number of sleep disorder-related searches and the number of COVID-19-related deaths during the early months of the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in searches for information on sleep disorders, potentially driven by heightened anxiety and lifestyle changes during this period.

The objective of this research was to investigate the information search behavior of Iranians on the Internet during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the relationship between the peak of the disease and the searches performed on the Internet. The purpose of this research was fundamental, and the research method was descriptive. The statistical population is the searches performed by Iranians from February 2020 to April 2022, and the investigated sample was the searched concepts related to anxiety and mental health. The first part of the data consisted of the queries that were extracted from the Google Trends website in December 2022. The second part, which consisted of the daily statistics of death and new infections, was obtained from the Johns Hopkins University website. Python version 3.12 was employed to conduct data analysis, which included the Granger causality test and Pearson correlation. The results indicate that the search for anxiety-related concepts has increased at the beginning of the epidemic. The quantity of searches for anxiety concepts at the beginning of the epidemic is positively and significantly correlated with the number of deaths caused by the disease. Consequently, the quantity of anxiety searches should increase over a period of a few days as the number of deaths increases. These searches diminished as the number of deaths decreased; however, the trend of anxiety searches ceased to be correlated with the number of deaths after a few months. The search for psychological treatment was modest at the onset of the epidemic; however, it increased after nine months, and the number of deaths also increased, prompting an increase in these searches. The results show that internet inquiries can be a useful tool for monitoring community concerns.

Parents' attachment styles have many effects on children's attachment styles. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of the inhibitory and facilitating factors in parents' insecure, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles on the choice of children's attachment style.

This study was a qualitative research with a theoretical approach. The statistical population of the Research included all people aged 25 to 40 who referred to the Atiyeh Clinic in Tehran in 1400, from which 60 people were selected, and then 25 people who had the conditions to enter the research were purposefully selected as a sample. The data were collected simultaneously and analyzed using grounded theory coding method (open, axial and selective).

The results showed that the influencing factors including 38 primary classes, 4 main classes and one central class were extracted in the process of explaining the attachment styles of parents in determining the attachment style of children. The 4 main floors included the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and soul from the path of power, the maze of the path, and the umbrella of support.

In order to pay attention to the choice of children's attachment style in a family with two insecure parents, attention should be paid to the components of the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and mind from the path of strength, the twists and turns of the path, and the umbrella of support.

The objective of this research is to analyze psychological development in public policy and sustainable development in Iran. This descriptive-analytical study employs the analysis of data collected through library research to elucidate the topic of the present research.Development is a complex process influenced by multiple indicators. Various theories have been proposed concerning development, each emphasizing specific aspects of the causes and factors contributing to development. These theories have focused on indicators such as geography, politics, international conditions, and others. One of the most crucial dimensions of achieving development, namely the role of psychological factors in the process of public policy formulation in Iran, has been less explored compared to other dimensions of development. Therefore, the present research addresses the role and position of psychological factors in Iran's development as a strong motivator for this investigation within the process of public policy in Iran. The findings indicate that despite the involvement of various individuals and institutions in the process of public policy formulation in our country, there are shortcomings in this area, particularly the minimal emphasis on the psychological approach. In other words, the psychological approach has not been addressed to the same extent as other sociological, political, and cultural approaches in development. Therefore, it can be concluded that psychological development, by fostering reconstructed attitudes, leads to the realization of good governance and development based on desirable policies in Iran.

Due to the one-dimensionality of the existing protocols about the executive function devising task-oriented and diverse interventions grounded in executive functions and evaluating their effectiveness on the reading skills of students with attention-deficit reading disabilities is of paramount importance.

This study aims to design and assess the effectiveness of a program aimed at improving reading skills, specifically focusing on executive functions, for students afflicted with attention-deficit reading disabilities.

This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative elements. In the qualitative phase, a therapeutic intervention designed to enhance reading proficiency was developed based on a systematic review of relevant studies, with input from a panel of nine experts to ensure its validity. The subsequent quantitative phase involves a quasi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements with a control group. The study population consists of second and third-grade students with reading disabilities in Tehran who sought assistance from learning disability centers. Using voluntary sampling, 55 students were initially selected, and ultimately, 24 students (12 in each group) were randomly assigned based on stringent entry and exit criteria. The research instruments utilized include the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, the SNSP-IV grading scale, and the reading assessment. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS 25 software.

The mean scores on the reading assessment within the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test phases (p< 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between the post-test and follow-up phases (p> 0.05).

Based on the findings, it is evident that the developed program can effectively enhance the reading proficiency of students grappling with attention-deficit reading disabilities.

The present study examined the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and mental disorders.

The sample included 117 toxoplasma-positive volunteers on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Data were collected online using the 71-item abbreviated form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

According to the results, a) the psychological profile of latent toxoplasmosis patients in the eight clinical scales of MMPI was within the normal range; b) in the male group, ‘duration of infection’ significantly predicted the scores for the four clinical scales of depression, psychopathic deviate, psychasthenia, and schizophrenia; also, ‘age’ predicted the scores for hypochondriasis and schizophrenia in men; c) in the female group, only ‘age’ was able to predict the scores for the scales of hysteria, paranoia, mental weakness, and social deviance; and d) there was no significant difference between male and female groups in any of the clinical scales.

Duration of infection with latent toxoplasmosis was associated with depression, psychopathtic deviation, psychasthenia, and schizophrenia in infected males, but this was not the case for the infected females in any of the clinical scales of the 71-item abbreviated form of MMPI.

Sports performance is an important issue in sports that researches have always sought to identify different methods to improve it. One of the methods that has received special attention in recent years is tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) and its effectiveness in improving sports performance. tDCS changes the activity of brain areas involved in sports performance by stimulating and inhibiting nerve cells and neural plasticity. Researches have used this method in improving sports performance and have been associated with different results. The present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the studies conducted in this field. The research method was descriptive and review. In order to collect data, keywords tDCS-sport, sport performance, sport-neuron plasticity, tDCS-neurodoping were searched from Google.scholar, apa.org (Psychinfo) and Elsevier research websites. Then the abstract, results and findings of each article were examined. 16 articles were selected and their results were analyzed. The results of the research showed that the use and effectiveness of tDCS in improving sports performance has a positive role and is associated with improving the performance of not only ordinary people but also athletes. However, the results of review studies and meta-analyses show that heterogeneity in the type of sports activity, sample size, research design, stimulation areas, tDCS protocols and methodological limitations reduce the effect size of improving athletes' performance with tDCS. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies focusing on specific neural sites and specific sports functions of each discipline. In general, from these findings, it can be concluded that tDCS is a safe method without side effects and has a positive effect in improving sports performance of athletes, which requires more research.

The main purpose of this research is to critically study the narcissism and introversion of the spiritual man in the theory of "combination of rationality and spirituality". This method is descriptive-analytical through library and provincial studies. In this research, by emphasizing the foundations of Sadra's wisdom and the revealed teachings of Islam, these components (narcissism and introversion) are investigated. The most important criticisms on the components of introversion and narcissism are: the impossibility of presenting a spiritual model, forgetting the roles and structures in life, the alienation of a narcissistic spiritual person and spiritual selfishness. By accepting the foundations of the modern world, this theory enumerates certain characteristics for the path of spiritualism. "Narcissism" and "introversion" of a spiritual person are among these characteristics. In fact, these components are the consequence and necessity of the basis of "individualism" of spirituality. A spiritual man with his individuality seeks maximum introversion and self-expression due to narcissism. The result of the upcoming critical study is that these two components face a serious challenge to the theory of rationality and spirituality.

The primary objective of the current study was to examine the correlation between narcissism and the potential for addiction, with shame and attachment pattern serving as mediating factors. This research employs an applied-practical approach, utilizing a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population of the research included all Tehran University students from 2021 to 2022. From this population, 423 individuals were chosen as a sample through available sampling method. During the initial phase, the students completed the following questionnaires of Rizvi Shame Inventory (RSI), Pincus Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Zargar's readiness for addiction, Hazen & Shiver’s attachment style (AAS). Following a one-month interval, 90 individuals were chosen for the second stage of the study.These individuals were assessed using the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Rizvi Shame Inventory (RSI) and Barzegar addiction readiness questionnaires. Each participant's vulnerable narcissism score exceeded the average of 85. The statistical software SPSS and AMOS were utilized to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, the mediating role model comprised of attachment and shame was significantly associated with narcissism and addiction. In general, the results of the present study indicate that comprehending the vulnerable and grandiose narcissistic pathway with addiction requires an awareness of the connection between shame and attachment style. Moreover, this relationship should be taken into account when developing clinical interventions for young adults who are at risk.

The aim of this study was a three-dimensional simulation of the heat and moisture transfer process in food drying operations. A three-dimensional geometric model of carrot slices was used for simulation. The domain was discretized into 1017 tetrahedral elements, with a freedom degree of 30550. Governing differential equations of heat transfer and moisture transfer during the carrot drying process were solved under different drying air temperatures based on the finite element method using the Comsol Multiphysics 3.5 software. The equation was solved by considering the variable engineering properties of carrots. The temperature and moisture profiles were predicted at different drying conditions. In addition, some experiments were performed to obtain the engineering properties of carrot slices, such as bulk and true density and the effective moisture diffusion coefficient during hot air drying at different thicknesses of slices and air temperatures. The predicted data were compared with the experimental data. Results showed that the model can accurately predict the moisture and temperature variation of the sample during the drying process. Prediction accuracy was 99.87 to 99.98 %, and the error was 3.5 to 19 %. Therefore, the developed simulator can be highly accurate for other agricultural products with similar engineering properties

In 2014, about 600 million people worldwide were obese, representing a 100 percent increase over the past 25 years. It has been suggested that certain food addictions may be a contributing factor to overeating and subsequent obesity. Food addiction is a controversial issue that, despite its many commonalities with the use of substances such as tobacco and alcohol, as well as the similarities with gambling behavioral addiction listed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is still officially It is not recognized as a disorder. Proponents of the food addiction hypothesis believe that some low-energy, high-nutrition foods (or ingredients such as salt, sugar, and fat) can cause addiction in those who consume them. People with addictive eating behaviors get most of their energy from high-energy, packaged, and processed foods, and research-based evidence has shown biochemical and behavioral similarities between binge eating and psychotropic dependence. . Foods that have the potential to cause addiction include sugary foods, carbohydrates, fatty foods, sweet and fatty and processed foods, fast foods as well as foods high in salt. The growing use of fast foods is a concern for experts in this field, as it can lead to obesity and disease. Salt, sugar and fat added to food create a taste that increases people's desire to consume these foods.

A wide range of athletes are suffering from hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder (ADHD), which has led to impairment in their executive functions, such as attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the video game Minecraft on the sustained visual attention of athlete students with ADHD.

Thirty students were selected randomly from 79 students with ADHD and assigned to control and experimental groups (n=15). First, sustained visual attention was evaluated with a continuous performance test. Then, the experimental group played Minecraft for 10 sessions. Each session lasted 15 minutes. The subjects of the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, a continuous performance test was used again. One month and ten days later, a follow-up test was performed.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the three stages of measurement. Using the video game Minecraft in the experimental group improved the sustained visual attention of student-athletes with ADHD, but not in the control group.

The video of Minecraft could improve the sustained visual attention of student-athletes with ADHD. This method can be used to improve attention in this group of students.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the adaptation improvement protocol based on the multimodal model on the level of mental health of women with breast cancer.

The current study is a randomized controlled clinical trial with pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The present study was an applied study and the research method was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer referred to the specialized clinic of breast diseases in Mashhad. Among them, 30 were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in adaptation improvement protocol based on the multimodal model and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instrument was depression, anxiety and stress scale. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 software.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the linear combination of depression, anxiety and stress subscales (Wickels lambda = 0.30, F =17.73, p <0.05). The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that the adaptation improvement protocol based on the multimodal model has significantly reduced depression, anxiety and stress in women with breast cancer (P<0.001) and the effect size of the group on these variables was 65, 33 and 54, respectively.

The adaptation improvement protocol based on the multimodal model improved the level of mental health in women with breast cancer by creating spiritual, psychological, social, emotional and physical adaptation.

The problem of addiction potential experienced by young adults is usually accompanied by narcissistic personality traits. Research has confirmed two distinct forms of narcissism: grandiose and vulnerable. Meanwhile, shame as the main emotion and attachment style plays an essential role in these disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing research on addiction potential and the role of narcissistic factors, shame experiences, and attachment patterns. Using the Google Scholar database, key words such as Addiction Potential, Narcissism, Shame and Attachment Style were searched. PubMed was searched for Addiction, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, shame, and Attachment Styles. All time periods were used for this review and more than two hundred documents were reviewed and extracted based on the criteria.

The results showed that in some studies, a significant relationship was observed among potential for addiction, narcissism, shame experiences, and attachment patterns; in some other studies, potential for addiction was predictable through narcissism, shame experiences, and attachment patterns.
In general, we can conclude that addiction is a big problem that is affecting many societies today, by identifying how these factors are formed in children and development paths affecting it, a big step can be taken in the direction of educating parents and communities.

Attention plays a vital role in education. Children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from impairing levels of inattention. ADHD is a relatively common childhood disorder (Scahill & Schwab-Stone, 2000), which, if left untreated, results in adverse consequences (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). This necessitates employing attention-training methods, such as neurofeedback training (NFT). But although conventional, NFT is expensive and time-consuming; therefore, the need for finding other methods is felt. The total physical response (TPR) method can provide a suitable venue for teaching young learners with ADHD (Nunan, 2011). Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of NFT and TPR on ADHD young learners’ attention. To do so, 16 students with ADHD were selected from a school in Shahryar. They were randomly assigned to NFT and TPR groups, receiving these treatments for twenty sessions, respectively. The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA+Plus) was used as the pre- and post-test to measure full, auditory, and visual attention. To answer the research questions investigating the comparative effects of NFT and TPR on ADHD young learners’ attention, non-parametric one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted. Moreover, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to explore within-group differences. The results indicated significant improvements for both groups. Nevertheless, NFT was found to be more effective regarding full and auditory attention. Concerning visual attention, both treatments were similarly effective. The findings suggest both treatments can improve participants’ attention. The study has implications for education by shedding light on attention-training methods.

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the mediating role of self-regulation processes in the relationship between perceived stress, depression, shame, and remorse in patients with psoriasis and healthy individuals. This research has a practical orientation and employs a quantitative correlational methodology. It’s statistical demographic included all psoriasis patients and healthy patients referred to the follow-up skin clinic at Tehran’s Razi Hospital in 2016. Available sampling was used to select 168 patients (85 males and 83 females) and 121 healthy patients' companions (22 males and 99 females). The following questionnaires were completed: Integrative Self- Knowledge (ISK), Self-Control (SCS), Consciousness (MAAS), Perceived Stress (PSS), and Depression Scale (MMPI). The data were analyzed using SPSS-22. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient, adjusted hierarchical regression, and the T-test. Integrated self-knowledge and shame were found to be greater in patients’ companions than in psoriasis patients. In contrast, anxiety and depression were more prevalent in psoriasis patients than in their healthy counterparts.Integrated self-knowledge was also found to moderate the relationship between perceived stress, depression, and shame. Therefore, it is essential that mental health professionals, educational institutions, and parents cultivate the process of self-regulation in individuals.Keywords: Depression, Perceived Stress, Psoriasis, Shame, Self-Regulation Process.

The present article is a review with the aim of investigating the effects of exercise and physical activity on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in different populations.

To collect information, articles were first searched using the keywords of “generalizes anxiety disorder”, “sport”, “acute exercise”, “aerobic training”, and “resistance training”. The research was conducted between 2015 and 2020, and the databases used included Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer. Finally, 12 articles met the standard and set criteria and were selected. After selecting the articles, the information related to each extracted article was reviewed using a specific checklist and in summary form.

The types of aerobic and strength training used to improve GAD in different people have had positive results (including improvement of sleep and personality and improvement of anxiety disorders). Research also shows that the mechanisms that cause exercise to have such effects are a combination of biological and psychological factors.

Physical activity while reducing the symptoms and complications of mental illness can act as an effective treatment and even prevention for anxiety disorders such as GAD.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation protocol based on multidimensional model on the level of spiritual and social health of women with breast cancer. The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The present study was an applied study and the research method was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included patients with breast cancer referred to the specialized clinic of breast diseases in Mashhad. Among them, 30 were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in adaptation improvement protocol and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments were spiritual well-being questionnaire and social health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the adjustment protocol based on the multidimensional model significantly increased the spiritual and social health of women with breast cancer (P <0.001). Multidimensional modeling adaptation protocol improved the level of spiritual and social health in women with breast cancer by creating spiritual, psychological, social, emotional and physical adaptation.Keywords: Adaptation, Spiritual health, Social health, Breast cancer

Employees' creative ideas are the source of new insights and products that enrich daily life and make a valuable contribution to business development. In other words, employee creativity is the result of interaction between individual and contextual factors with the environment; Also, the source of creativity and innovation is at the intersection between skills and knowledge of the individual and the study of this issue requires the study of internal and environmental triggers in the context of the organizational environment. In this study, which is focused on the role of financial rewards in enhancing the performance of new business/venture ideas in a High Tech ICT Accelerator in China, 168 volunteers employees at this accelerator participated in an empirical experiment. To explore the different interventions of continuous reward allocation in an idea generation process for creating new venture ideas, we defined three forms of maximum, random, and null (control group) types of reward in the experiment. The results of this study show that the allocation of financial rewards improves the performance of idea generation, but also in the lack of reward allocation into the idea generation process reduces creativity and innovation in this field.

This article deals with the place of psychological development in Iran's public policy. The necessity of this issue is because the explanation of a series of psychological factors will determine the reasons for the realization of development policy. The purpose is to explain the indicators of psychological development and in the general policy of development. In the importance of the present discussion, it should be said that value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality play a fundamental role in examining the results of the public policy process in Iran. The question here is what is the place of psychological development in public policy making? The hypothesis states that psychological development by institutionalizing indicators such as value, belief, norm, behavior and rationality in Iran can lead to sustainable development of the country. The theoretical framework, inspired by the theories of psychological renewal, seeks to consolidate the proof of the hypothesis. Therefore, with the help of descriptive and analytical method, the desired indicators have been explained. The results showed that the development of psychological indicators and good governance lead to the realization of general development policies in Iran.

Vasovagal syncope is the most common type of syncope and recurrent syncope attacks can have a profound effect on the patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to predict vasovagal syncope based on the variables of body vigilance and alexithymia.

The present study was a case-control study. The statistical population of the present study included the patients with vasovagal syncope referred to Tehran Heart Center in the year of 1400. Fifty patients with vasovagal syncope and 54 healthy individuals were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection tools included the Body Vigilance Scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis and using SPSS software version 16 at the level of 0.05.

The results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow Test (P-value = 0.255, χ2 = 3.07) showed good model fit. According to the results of logistic regression test, the coefficient estimate for the alexithymia -0.053 and the body vigilance was -0.017.

Based on the results, in the patients with vasovagal syncope, by designing measures based on reducing body vigilance and alexithymia, they can be helped to improve and reduce syncope episode.