ساجده عبدی

The term "Scientific Leadership" (SL) was first coined by the Supreme Leader during a meeting with Imam Sadegh students on Eid Ghadir in 2005. The aim of this study is to present a systematic model of "Scientific Leadership" based on the viewpoints of the Supreme Leader, based on a qualitative approach and the use of the Thematic Analysis Method, well suited for recognizing the patterns of data. For this purpose, the content related to SL was extracted from each Supreme Leader's statements about SL. Then through the three stages of the research methodology, 40 main themes in four dimensions of SL including scientific, managerial, cultural, and political dimensions, and five functions of SL including agenda-setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation, were categorized. After identifying three types of components including concepts (topics and main keywords), dimensions, and functions related to SL, the three-level model of SL was achieved. The results show that the scientific, cultural, and management dimensions are respectively the most emphasized by the leadership, and "Policy formulation" is at the top of the functions. Also, "Policy adoption" is the least important function. In the final part, the comparison of research findings with previous similar research and the most important policy suggestions of the research are presented.

The new approach to the environment in the current century and considering it as a part of the national capital of countries, the need to preserve it by using clean technologies such as biological technology has become the most important concern of mankind in the present century. In the third chapter of the country's comprehensive scientific map document, which is dedicated to the country's science and technology priorities, in its first priority in the technology sector, "environmental technologies" have been proposed and called for directing funds, guiding the educational system, and reforming and renewing structures and processes. It is for the rapid growth of this field. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the scientific, economic and social effects of the researches carried out in the field of environment in order to clearly reflect the current situation of the said field in Iran.

The present research is of applied type and has been carried out using quantitative and scientific approach. The research community has been 10268 articles from the Scopus database in the field of environment during the years 2012 to 2021, which by using library methods for the purpose of theoretical foundations and retrospective bibliometric analysis, scientific researches in the field of environment in terms of the publication process of articles, It studies the status of patent citations and the status of readers in different social network platforms. Also, in order to check the amount of reflection of articles in social media, the data of Altmetrics database was used and the data obtained from that database was analyzed statistically in SPSS software. In the field of inferential data analysis, Spearman's correlation test has been used in this software.

The findings showed that the highest publication of scientific productions in 2021, the highest citation to scientific productions in the field of "environment" in 2018, and the highest impact of citation with normalized weight belong to the years 2021 and 2019. Also, the highest and lowest citation weight points are related to the years 2021 and 2014. In addition, the utilization of researches in order to create environmental products in 2012 has been much better than other years in the examined decade, and the number of patents granted in 2012 (the first year of the examined decade) to scientific and Iran's research in the field of biotechnology is also more than the other years under review, and this difference is due to the use of the mentioned scientific products by a large number of patents, which makes them visible. The highest level of reflection of the environment in social networks belonged to Mendeley software, Dimension citation, user tweets, news media and Facebook, respectively.

Discution: 

In order to increase economic growth and support and protect patent rights in the field of environment, provision of necessary fields such as laws and regulations and other necessary infrastructures should be included in the country's economic policy agenda. From another point of view, the exact attribution of technological advances to studies and researches is also a difficult and complicated task. Global systems that are dedicated to monitoring scientific activities published at the international level have tried to follow the connections made between researches and patents and to some extent determine their impact and economic effectiveness. In any case, it is difficult and almost impossible to provide accurate and objective data about which of the researches in the field of environment has been economically successful.

Performance indicators are a suitable tool for the implementation of infrastructural, research and process-oriented management projects in universities and higher education institutions, as well as the evaluation of these institutions, which can be used to compare the past performance, current and desired status of the institutions with the standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of non-governmental research institutions in Iran in the fields of humanities and engineering. This is an applied research that was conducted with a scientometrics approach and based on the evaluation model of the Sanandaj handbook. The research community are non-governmental research institutions that have received permission from the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. In this study, two institutes from both fields that had better performance among their peers were selected for comprehensive evaluation. In general, the evaluation results showed that the "B" engineering field institute has a good situation compared to the "A" humanities institute. Undoubtedly, the use of short-term, medium-term and long-term strategic plans and the promotion of research activities in the Institute of Engineering have not been without influence. It is necessary for non-governmental research institutions to prepare or revise the strategic plan and annual self-evaluations in accordance with the dimensions and indicators of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, to provide the basis for growth and promotion in order to be effective and fulfill their mission in the research field of the country.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the research indexed in the Scopus database, related to the field of social services of public libraries from 1939 to 2020.

 This research is an applied study that has been done by library and Scientometrics methods. The research community consists of 1465 articles in English. Excel software, descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) were used to analyze the data and VOS viewer, pajek, Ucinet and Net Draw were used to draw the maps.

The highest growth trend of scientific productions was recorded in the period 1979-1983 with 3% and the lowest growth trend was recorded in the period 2019-2020 with 0.61%. The University of Maryland is the most active organization in the field with 28 degrees. In the field of scientific production, the United States alone is at the top with 37%. According to the most frequent words, the main concepts were classified into five clusters.

The 81-year period showed that the scientific production of social services in public libraries has been increasing. Among domestic universities, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is in a better position than other domestic universities. "The role of the public library", "Citizens' social participation", "Media literacy and information literacy", "Social capital" and "Scientific communication" are the thematic clusters of research in this field.Value: This is the first research with a quantitative approach that seeks to investigate research in the field of public library social services that can be useful for policy makers in

Open Educational Resources (OER) is a complex word, and refers to trends and movements and ranging from public resources (open), public access (open access), public archives, to free publishing. The present article deals with the open science movement as a structure that strengthens the education ecosystem.

This review is an analytical and evidence-based study that relies on the open-source ecosystem model to analyze related components including learning stakeholders (individuals, organizations, and communities) and learning tools (tools and content) along with providing national and insightful documentation and, at the end, provides policy advice to the country in this regard.

Research results, data, methods, as well as teaching materials, software, and teaching tools are available for free and can be used over and over again. Web2 and repositories can be introduced as learning tools in providing open resources. The international community pays attention to each case.

Acknowledging the issue of open science, all its components in the development of the field of information science is undeniable. And professors, experts, and researchers in this field, due to the use of modern technologies in the world such as holding educational webinars have not been deprived of the achievements of open educational resources in advancing the goals of this field.

Due to the necessity of the relationship between the university and society, the aim of this study was a scientometrics analysis of researches in the field of media and information literacy (MIL) in strengthening the relationship between universities and social space.

In this scientometric study, the statistical population was all articles published in the field of MIL as well as relationship between university and society in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2010 to 2019. The VOS viewer was used to draw a co-authorship map of all organizations, density map of countries and word co-occurrence map.

The highest and lowest scientific outputs related to this field were in 2017 and 2014, respectively. According to the results of VOS viewer software, there were 136 nodes and 3084 links in the map. Based on frequency clustering, the topics of "Higher Education", "Types of Media Literacy Levels", "Technology" and "New Curriculum" were identified as thematic clusters in the field of MIL. Moreover, Spain, Mexico and Chile had the highest density in the co-authorship network of MIL documents, respectively. Cluster analysis of the co-authorship network of countries in the field of MIL and relationship between university and social space indicated that this network was composed of 6 distinct clusters.

The co-occurrence of various words including "community", "university" and "digital space" in drawing the scientific map demonstrates the importance and necessity of close relationship between society and university in the context of digital and media space.

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the critiques of the theory of the “Matthew effect" with the existing laws in physics and their approach to each other to clearly and objectively generalize the debates of critics of this theory in the sociology of science.

The approach of the present research is qualitative and the library and document methods, evidence-based, and content and comparative analysis (bibliometrics) were used to answer the research questions.

There are factors and norms in beings, including the dimensions of the Jones model in scientific communities (scientists, universities, and journals), as well as temperature and pressure in the density of objects, which affect them through changes and transformations. So, scientific communities and the density of objects are not subconsciously different in forms and degrees. For example, the density of copper at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius is lower than the density of copper at a temperature of zero degrees Celsius, and similarly, the progress of the scientific community of third world countries is less than developed countries due to lack of quantitative and qualitative indicators.

Conclustion:

 Just as the density of an object changes as the motion of its molecules with increasing and decreasing temperature or pressure, different communities are not spontaneously at lower and upper scientific levels. Rather, each of the scientific communities, under the received scientific benefits, is expected to gain a worthy position according to their set of factors and talents; and visibility is achieved according to the capacity of each scientific community.

The present study intends to study the importance of the topic of the librarian and its role in the field of scientometrics and other relevant fields.  

this paper is of collection type and the method of documentary research has been done in the way of studying texts.

The data librarian has unique skills such as access management, data literacy, Collection building, digital monitoring, and diffusion support and policy development. As well as, the storage and archive of data, computer technology, science and technology assessment, scientific communication and data management are common among the skills of librarian or data consultant,

With the advent of the librarian, new job opportunities have been created for librarians. In Asia the subject of data librarian is still unknown, and the proper utilization of it is to provide definitions and work in universities, expand employment range, and continue to create job rows in different centers.

The main focus of open science is on transparency in data sharing, method, and finding in every single action of science, preventing prejudice, discrimination, and biases. However, stepping toward open science comprehensively may raise ethical concerns. This paper was to define open science, identify capacities and barriers while demonstrating the ethical related issues. It also provided relevant policy recommendations regarding open science ethics

This paper was a literature-based paper using an evidence-based approach. It provided ethical evidences and initiatives in open science relevant practices over the world.

Open science (OS) is a comprehensive movement that addresses all the components of scientific activity or work available to all segments of society from beginning to end. It involves the three main components of open data, open scientific communication, and open access. The broad implementation of OS requires culture-building among society, from scientists to the audiences.

Open science promotes transparency, repeatability, and increase the scope of science dissemination. Achieving these goals, it is essential to consider legal and ethical issues. Accordingly, policy recommendations have been made to move toward responsible Open Science.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of authority control on researchers' scientific productivity in Google Scholar and Research Gate databases.

This research as an applied and exploratory study compares authority control in Google Scholar and Research Gate Databases by using library, experimental, and comparative methods and analyzes its impact on researchers' scientific productivity. A total of 100 out of 2652 external and internal researchers in the field of information and science who had at least one article indexed in Web of Science and Scopus databases as well as one or more H-indexes between the ages of 2010 to 2018, using purposive sampling, were considered as the sample of this study.

Google Scholar and Search Gate databases are not found except for a few key items such as small name, big name, organizational affiliation, researcher email, specific tools that can be helpful in obtaining of researcher’s identity.

Conclustion:

 Significant errors and failures in the authentication of researchers at both Google Scholar and Research Gate sites indicate a lack of documentation and organizing tools to solve challenges and issues that cause serious unforeseen damage and errors in the author's documentation control.