سجاد امینی منش

Students are one of the main parts of human resources in any country. Loneliness is one of the prevalent youth problems that can prevent students from being motivated to achieve self–actualization and efficacy. Achieving a sense of self–actualization requires support that students can receive from society and the surrounding environment to get their personality formed. On the other hand, life meaning refers to a sense of communication with the creator of the universe, having a goal in life, the pursuit and meeting of valuable goals, and fulfilling perfection. Life's meaning is, in essence, a cognitive nature because it involves people's beliefs about an ultimate goal. When an individual feels that his existence is tied to an eternal source and sees himself holding fast to reliable support, like a spiritual world and philosophy he has chosen for living, then he will find meaning; for this, the goal of this study was to investigate finding meaning in life and self–actualization, moderated by loneliness in students of Islamic Azad University.

This research was a correlational cross–sectional study using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research comprised all students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz in the academic year of 2021–2022, out of which 200 students were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The data collection tools were the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults–Short (DiTomaso et al., 2004), the Index of Self Actualization (Jones and Crandall, 1986), and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger et al., 2006). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and SmartPLS version 3 software, which performed the structural equation modeling method at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that meaning in life had a positive and significant direct effect (β=0.464, p<0.001), and the feeling of loneliness had a negative and significant direct effect (β=–0.409, p<0.001) on self–actualization. Loneliness had a moderating effect on the relationship between meaning in life and self–actualization (β= –0.122, p=0.001). Stone–Geisler's Q² index (0.289) was positive, the R2 value (0.745) was higher than the average, the effect size index (f2) (0.182) was higher than the average, and the redundancy index (0.311) was favorable, indicating a good fit of the structural model. The resulting values for SRMR=0.073 and GOF=0.405 indicated the overall good fit of the model.

According to the study findings on the moderating role of loneliness in the relationship between meaning in life and self–actualization in male and female students, reduced experiences of loneliness could help find meaning in life and, consequently, create motivation in students to achieve self–actualization.

The mother-child relationship is considered one of the important factors in a child’s development. So far, various training methods have been implemented to improve the mother-child relationship, but no study has compared two commonly used approaches in this area that could lead to practical strategies for improving mother-child relationships and promoting children's mental health.

The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of mentalization-based parenting training on improving the mother-child relationship.

The research method was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all mothers and children with behavioral problems who visited Aghaah, Afarinesh, and Nimrokh clinics in Shiraz in 2022. The research sample consisted of 40 mothers and children who were purposefully selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (positive parenting and mentalization-based parenting). After sample attrition, 15 mothers remained in the positive parenting group and 18 in the mentalization-based parenting group. Participants completed the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (Pianta, 1992) before and after the training. The research findings were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS 23 software.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that both positive parenting and mentalization-based parenting training were effective in improving the mother-child relationship
(P< 0.001). The results of the Scheffé post hoc test indicated that mentalization-based parenting training had a greater impact on improving the mother-child relationship compared to positive parenting training (P< 0.001).

These findings can help parents and psychology professionals choose better methods for nurturing and supporting children and fostering healthier family relationships. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that practitioners may opt for mentalization-based parenting training over positive parenting training for more effective improvement in the mother-child relationship.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of meta-diagnostic therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on mental rumination and emotional exhaustion of divorced female heads of households.

Methods and Materials:

 semi-experimental research method with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with two experimental groups and a control group and a statistical population including all divorced female heads of the household in Isfahan city in 1402, which was selected by available sampling method of 45 people And they were randomly placed in two experimental groups (acceptance and commitment treatment group of 15 people and extra diagnostic treatment group of 15 people) and control group (15 people). Then, 8 sessions of 90 minutes were given to the experimental group of acceptance and commitment therapy, and 8 sessions of 90 minutes were given to the experimental group of extra diagnostic therapy. In addition, there was no intervention for the control group. Data collection tools included Nolen-Hoeksema and Moro (1991) mental rumination questionnaire, Maslach and Jackson (1981) emotional exhaustion questionnaire. The data was analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the post-test and the follow-up test of the variable of mental rumination and the mean scores of the post-test of emotional exhaustion, and the treatment based on acceptance and commitment was more effective than the extra-diagnostic treatment on reducing Divorced women had mental rumination and worry.

Acceptance and commitment therapy and transdiagnostic therapy by teaching appropriate methods of dealing with emotional issues have increased the adaptive strategies of divorced female heads of households to regulate emotions and have improved the level of mental health and reduced mental rumination and emotional exhaustion, and this has led to the experience there are fewer physiological and emotional disorders.

Interactional patterns are conflicting in parent and child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADH (; And there are few effective treatments for them. Therefore, this study aimed the effectiveness of child-based working memory educational program on the parent-child interaction of children with ADHD.   

The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all children 7 to 10 years with ADHD who referred to the Asal counseling center in Tehran in the second half of 2022. Among them, thirty children with ADHD were selected based on inclusion criteria and by purposive sampling method and randomly were placement into two groups (15 people). Child-based working memory educational program was performed simultaneously for each child and mother in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group was on the waiting list. The research instrument included Parent-Child Relationship Survey (Fine et al., 1983). The data were analyzed using repeated measure of covariance analysis in SPSS23 software. 

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the parent-child interaction in experimental and control groups; And child-based working memory educational program increased the parent-child interaction (F= 4.40, P<0.05) and the components of hate/loss of mother's role (F= 9.61, P<0.05), and communication (F= 4.37, P<0.05) of children with ADHD, and the effect of this therapeutic intervention was stable in the follow-up phase (P<0.05).      

Based on the obtained results, the intervention program used emphasized on the decrease symptoms of the communication between parents and children, has improved the parent-child interaction of children with ADHD. Therefore, it can be of interest to clinical psychologists as one of the major axes of improving parent-child interaction.

Due to the non-indigenous origins of psychological sources, Iranian psychotherapists face challenges in presenting psychological interventions and material to patients. Designing and utilizing metaphors that are culturally appropriate for Iranian clients can help address this issue. This research aims to design and evaluate a metaphor-based psychoeducational package to explain and conceptualize early maladaptive schemas in the autonomy and performance domains.  Drawing on schema therapy and client metaphors, the researcher designed and prepared five metaphors for each schema in the autonomy and performance domains, totaling 20 metaphors. These metaphors were presented to an expert panel of 13 members to test their qualitative and quantitative content validity. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used for quantitative validation.  The statistical analysis indicated that 17 out of the 20 metaphors had CVR and CVI values higher than the required threshold, thus proving valid.  Given the benefits and applications of metaphors in education and psychotherapy, and based on the validation of the designed metaphors, this psychoeducational package can be effectively employed in educational and schema therapy sessions.

 Risky behaviors are among the factors that threaten the health of adolescents, which have significant effects on adolescents and society. The aim of this research is to determine the mediating role of cost-benefit estimation, future orientation in the relationship between sensation seeking and cognitive abilities with high-risk behaviors among adolescents in Shiraz.

 This correlational and structural equation modeling study was conducted with the participation of 500 male adolescent in Shiraz city with available sampling in 2023. The data were collected using questionnaires of cognitive abilities, future orientation, calculation, risky behavior and the short form of sensation seeking scale. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and AMOS-26 statistical software.

 With the increase in sensation seeking, risky behaviors increased (r=0.12). But with the increase of cognitive capabilities (r=-0.41), future orientation (r=-0.26) and cost-benefit estimation (r=-0.20), behaviors Risky decreased. Cognitive abilities have a direct, negative and significant effect on high-risk behaviors
(β=-0.501, P<0.001), while a positive and significant direct effect on cost-benefit estimation (β=0.260, P<0.001) and future orientation (β=-0.683, P<0.001). On the other hand, sensation seeking has a direct, positive and significant effect on risky behaviors (β=0.131, P<0.001) and cost-benefit estimation (β=0.397, P<0.001), while which has a significant and negative direct effect on future orientation (β=-0.084, P=0.023). Also, cost-benefit estimation (β=-0.169, P<0.001) and future orientation (β=-0.139, P=0.024) have a negative and significant direct effect on high-risk behaviors.

 The study showed that rising risky behaviors increased with the increase in sensation seeking. But with the increase of cognitive capabilities, future orientation and cost-benefit estimation, risky behaviors decreased. Sensationalism and cognitive abilities have a negative indirect effect on high-risk behaviors through cost-benefit estimation and future orientation. Therefore, the two variables of cost and benefit estimation and future orientation have a mediating role in the relationship between sensation seeking and cognitive abilities with risky behavior.

Interaction patterns are conflicting in parent and child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; And there are few effective treatments for them. Therefore, this study aimed the effectiveness of child-centered intervention based on unified transdiagnostic therapy on the interaction of parents of children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder.

The research method was semi-experimental to pretest- posttest- followup with a control group. The statistical population included all children 7 to 10 years with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder who referred to the Asal counseling center in Tehran in 2022. Among them, 30 children were selected based on inclusion criteria and by purposive sampling method and randomly were placed into two groups (15 people) of unified transdiagnostic therapy and control. Child-centered intervention based on unified transdiagnostic therapy was performed for each child in 12 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group was on the waiting list. The research instrument included Parent-Child Relationship Survey (Fine‚ Moreland & Schwebel, 1983). The data were analyzed using repeated measure of covariance analysis in SPSS23 software.  

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and control group; And child-centered intervention based on unified transdiagnostic therapy increased the interaction of parents of children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder, and the effect of these therapeutic intervention was stable in the followup phase (P<0.05).    

Based on the results of the present study, child-centered intervention based on unified transdiagnostic therapy can be effective in improving the interaction of parents of children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder; And it is suggested that therapists and counselors use this treatment in order to improve the interaction of parents of these children along with other therapeutic interventions.

Research has consistently highlighted the association between alexithymia and various challenges in personal and marital life. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to predict marital conflicts with Alexithymia as the predictor, while considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. This study adopted a descriptive correlational design, employing structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between the variables. The study's statistical population encompassed all couples seeking assistance at counseling centers in Shiraz during the winter of 2021, particularly those grappling with marital conflict issues. The sample size consisted of 394 individuals, selected through cluster random sampling. Data collection involved the utilization of several questionnaires, including the Sanai Marital Conflict Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire and  Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the proposed model exhibited a favorable fit with the data, as indicated by various fit indices. Furthermore, both direct and indirect coefficients between alexithymia and marital conflicts were deemed statistically significant (p < 0.05). In essence, this implies that alexithymia can contribute to the escalation of marital conflicts, and emotion regulation plays a mediating role in this relationship. Overall, the findings of this study have valuable implications for family counselors and psychologists, offering insights into the development of effective interventions aimed at mitigating marital conflicts among couples.

Love trauma syndrome can be associated with many anxieties and negative side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion behavioral regulation in relation to early maladaptive schemas and love trauma syndrome. The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included male and female students of Shiraz universities in 1399. By available sampling method, 341 people were selected to participate in this study. Data collection tools included emotion behavioral regulation questionnaire, love trauma syndrome questionnaire and early maladaptive schemas questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis using AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between early maladaptive schemas and adaptive emotion regulation and maladaptive emotion regulation with love trauma syndrome was significant at the level of 0.01. Behavioral regulation of emotion also had a mediating role in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and love trauma syndrome (P <0.05). Based on the findings of this study, health professionals can design the necessary interventions to correct the initial maladaptive schemas and emotion regulation strategies in people with love trauma syndrome and thus overcome them with possible psychological damage.

Metaphors possess the potential to convey and conceptualize complex and voluminous material in a short sentence or passage. Hence, its wide use in different sciences. Evidence confirms the benefits of using metaphors in education and psychotherapy. Metaphors help wear down client resistance, simplify abstract concepts and make them accessible, improve the therapist-client relationship, and boost client learning.

This research aims to design and evaluate the metaphor-based psychological-educational package to explain and conceptualize early maladaptive schemas of disconnection and rejection domain.

By drawing upon the schema therapy and client metaphors, the researcher designed and prepared five metaphors (25 metaphors in total) for each schema of rejection and disconnection domain and presented it to the expert panel of 13 to test its qualitative and quantitative content validity. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used in quantitative validation.

Results of the statistical analysis suggest that out of 25 metaphors, 23 showed CVR and CVI higher than the required number and proved valid. The Content Validity Ratio for the entire educational package was calculated as 0.84 and the content validity index as 0.95.

Given the benefits and applications of metaphors in education and psychotherapy and based on the validation of designed metaphors, this psychological-educational package can be employed in education and schema therapy sessions.

Due to the fact that the main sources of psychology are not indigenous, one of the challenges of therapists in Iran is how to present psychological materials and interventions to clients. Designing and using metaphors appropriate to the culture and conditions of Iranian authorities helps to solve this problem. This research was carried out with the aim of designing and validating a psycho-educational package based on metaphor to explain and conceptualize the initial maladaptive schemas in the field of hyperactivity and inhibition.

This research was conducted as a qualitative and content analysis type study with the participation of 45 people who referred to office in 2021 and 60 participants of social networks in one day. The sampling method was available as a model. Based on the principles of schema therapy and the qualitative review of the metaphors of clients and participants, which had a schema content and theme, five metaphors (20 metaphors in total) were designed and compiled for each schema in the field of excessive listening and inhibition, and were provided to a panel of 13 experts for validation. In addition to qualitative validity, content validity can also be done quantitatively. In quantitative validation, two relative coefficients of content validity ratio and content validity index were used.

Among the 20 schema metaphors in the domain of vigilance and inhibition, 18 metaphors obtained the value of relative coefficientof content validity and index of content validity higher than the required size (CVR ≤ 0.54 and CVI ≤ 0.79) and were recognized as valid. For the entire training package, the value of the relative content validity coefficient was 0.88 and the content validity index was 0.93.

The study showed that the metaphor-based psycho-educational package designed to explain and conceptualize schemas in the field of vigilance and inhibition is valid.

The role of parents in improving the quality of life of intellectually disabled children is clear completely. Studies show that promoting the life skills of mothers can lead to the well-being and quality of life of these children and their parents. Therefore, conducting controlled research in this field is necessary and has priority.

The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based life skill training on psychological wellbeing and attitudes among parents of mild mentally retarded children.

The research design was experimental with a pretest-post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study was the parents of mentally retarded children who were studying in Shiraz during the 1400-99 academic year and were matched based on age and level of education. The sample consisted of 30 parents with mentally retarded children who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Also, the intervention was performed in eight sessions of 120 minutes (one session per week). Research data were collected using a psychological wellbeing and parental attitudes questionnaires and analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-22.

The results showed that mindfulness-based life skills training had a significant effect on improving self-control, self-acceptance and having a goal. The results also showed that mindfulness-based life skills training had a significant effect on the dimensions of acceptance of love, despair and extreme support of parents of children with mild intellectual disabilities.

Considering the efficacy of mindfulness-based life skill training on parents’ attitudes and psychological wellbeing, it seems necessary to pay more attention to this factor in the research and education of families who have children with intellectual disabilities.

The aim of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on dysfunctional attitudes with a mediating role of emotion regulation. This was a descriptive correlational study in which the relationship between variables was examined using a structural equation model. The statistical population of the study included all couples (with marital conflict problems) who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz in the winter of 2020. The participants were 394 who were selected by cluster random sampling. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. For data collection, Sanai and Barati Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Ebrahimi and Ghafoor Mousavi Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire and Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were used. The results exhibited that the components of dysfunctional attitudes (except for the vulnerability-performance evaluation) had a positive and significant relationship with the components of marital conflict. Positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a negative and significant relationship with the components of marital conflict, while negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a positive and significant relationship with the components of marital conflict. The results indicated that the tested model benefits from favorable fit indices. Also, dysfunctional attitudes mediated by emotion regulation, predicted the marital conflicts. In general, the findings of the present study support the role of cognitive factors in marital conflicts of couples with the mediating role of emotional regulation.

Autism spectrum disorder affects a person's communication skills and response to the external environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IDP's method on improving joint attention in children with autism. The research was a single case study with A-B design and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran Rehabilitation Center. Since the present study was looking for specific or unusual cases, purposive sampling method was used. Based on this, 3 children who, according to the pediatric psychiatrist and child psychologist, had signs and symptoms of autism, were selected as the study sample. The data collection tools in this study were Gilliam (2006) Autism Diagnosis Test and Identiplay Protocol based on the approach of Phillips and Biwan (2007). In the present study, for data analysis, chart analysis methods, stable change index, clinical significance, percentage improvement of POD, PND indices and calculation of trend and intermediate stability chamber were used. The results of the study showed that the Identiplay method was effective in improving joint attention in children with autism. The results showed that Identiplay significantly improved the joint attention of children with autism spectrum disorder. Thus, it is suggested that this method be used as a new and complementary approach in the field of education and rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorder along with other major therapies.

The importance of quality of life in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) is receiving increasing attention nowadays. Considering the role of parents in improving the quality of life of children with mental disabilities, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based life skills training on the parent-child relationship among parents with ID children.

The research design was experimental with a pretest, post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study was the parents with ID children who were training in schools in Shiraz in 2021. The parents were matched based on age and level of their literacy. The sample size is 30 parents who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The intervention was performed in 8 sessions of 120 minutes (one session per week) for experimental group. Data were collected using a child-parent relationship questionnaire and analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) of conflict resolution in the pre-test was 47.66 (6.11) which increased to 51.86 (8.18) in the post-test the experimental group. Also, the mean (SD) of the child acceptance in the pre-test was 36.93(4.47), which increased to 41.00 (5.85) in the post-test (P=0.001). In the control group, the mean (SD) of conflict resolution and child acceptance in pre-test and post-test were not different. The univariate correlation analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the dimensions of the parent-child relationship between the control and experimental groups in the post-test (p <0.001).

The study showed that mindfulness-based life skills' training is effective on conflict resolution and child acceptance in their parents of children with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the use of this intervention in the field seems to be beneficial for families with children with ID.

Drug avoidance self-efficacy is an essential factor in substance abuse treatment and relapse prevention. The aim of this study was to predict the self-efficacy of drug avoidance among people with addiction undergoing treatment with methadone based on psychological capital, sleep disorders, and coping strategies.

The research method was among the correlation schemes. The statistical population of the study included all people with addiction who were being treated with methadone in addiction treatment centers of Shiraz in 2019. As many as 175 addicts were selected by the available sampling method for the study. The research measuring instruments included the Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Questionnaire on Automated Material Avoidance, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, and the Short Form of Stressful List. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software at both descriptive and inferential levels, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis tests were used to test the research hypotheses.

The components of psychological capital, the component of hope, optimism, and the component of flexibility could positively and significantly predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse (P<0.01). In addition, sleep disturbances could negatively and significantly predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse (P<0.001). Concerning coping strategies, the problem-oriented strategy could predict the self-efficacy of substance abuse prevention positively and significantly. However, emotion-oriented strategy and avoidance strategy negatively and significantly could predict drug self-efficacy prediction (P<0.01).

Psychological capital and problem-focused strategy were positively, and sleep disorder, emotional and avoidant strategy were negatively associated with the score of abstinence self-efficacy.

This study aimed to predict high-risk behaviors based on emotional disorder, self-differentiation, and self-Assertiveness in female adolescents.

The design of the present study was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all female adolescents aged 16 to 18 years in Shiraz. Among these adolescents, 320 people were selected as a sample using multistage sampling. Research data were collected using High- Risk Behavior Questionnaire (Zadehmohammadi et al, 2011), the initial scale of difficulty in emotion regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004), the self-differentiation questionnaire (Drake & Murdock, 2015), and the Self-Assertiveness questionnaire (Gambrill & Richey, 2015). Data were analyzed by correlation, regression analysis using SPSS-23.

Multiple correlation coefficient was 0.52 (p<.01) and 27.1% of high-risk behaviors variance was explained by the study variables. Also, among the predictors, the two variables of assertiveness (β =-0.36, P<0.004) and self-differentiation (β=-0.23, P<0.05), predict high-risk behaviors The two variables of assertiveness, self-differentiation, predict high-risk behaviors and explain a total of 27.1% of its variance.

According to the results, it is suggested to include these factors in prevention programs aimed at reducing high-risk behaviors.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of the painting therapy, clay therapy and combined methods on emotion regulation for children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research method in this study was single-subject of AB experimental designs. The study population consisted of all children aged 8 to 11 years that attended special centers centers hyperactivity in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021, from whom 14 children were selected. From among them, 6 children with ADHD (three boys and three girls) were selected based on entry and exit criteria by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of two. Interventions included the painting therapy, clay therapy and combined methods for each child, according to the child-centered play therapy program with Landers and Bratton Approach (2006) were conducted in 2 sessions (one hour) per week and for 2 months during 8 weeks (16 sessions). The research instrument was a Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Data visual analysis were performed at both within subject and intersubject levels based on three indicators of level, trend and variability. The results showed that the painting therapy, clay therapy and combined method interventions were effective on emotion regulation for children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and the effect of this program in the follow-up phase has been Stable.  Based on the findings, it can be concluded that interventions (painting therapy, clay therapy and combined methods) can increase the emotion regulation of children with ADHD. Therefore, these interventions can be considered as the useful and applicational treatments for these children.

The lack of behavioral inhibition in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity ADHD disorder disrupts the way they respond. These children are not able to wait; Because of this, resiliency in them is of importance. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the painting therapy, clay therapy and combined method (The combination of painting therapy and clay therapy) on resiliency in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. 

This study used a single-subject ABA design. The statistical population consisted of all 8 - 11 year old children with ADHD reffered to medical centers of Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. Among them, 6 children (three boys and three girls) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and by purposive sampling and were randomly placed in 3 two - person groups. Interventions of the painting therapy, clay therapy and combined methods for each child, according to the child-centered play therapy program with Landerth and Bratton Approach (2006) were conducted in 2 one – hour – weekly sessions which lasted for 8 weeks (16 sessions). The research instrument included Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale (SEARS; Merrell, 2008). Data were analysed at both within-condition and between-condition levels based on three indicators of level, trend and stability.

The results showed that interventions were effective in two groups of painting therapy and combined method (The combination of painting therapy and clay therapy). The most effective method in improving resiliency was the combined method (The combination of painting therapy and clay therapy) (P< 0.05). The recovery percentage of clay therapy was lower than other interventions and had no significant effect on the resiliency in children with ADHD (P> 0.05).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the painting therapy and combined method (The combination of painting therapy and clay therapy) can increase the resiliency of children with ADHD. Necessary explanations for the results are discussed in the article.

The aim of this study was to predict integrative self- knowledge based on self-compassion, self-discovery and mindfulness with the mediating role of emotional cognitive self-regulation in the university students.

The research method was correlational and specifically path analysis. The statistical population included all students of Shiraz Branch of Azad University in the academic year 2020-2021. The statistical sample consisted of 250 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires of self- knowledge, self-compassion, self-discovery, mindfulness, emotional cognitive self-regulation.

The results showed a good fit of the proposed model. The indirect effect of self-compassion, self-discovery, and mindfulness through emotional cognitive self-regulation of integrative self- knowledge was significant. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that emotional cognitive self-regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion, self-discovery, mindfulness and integrative self- knowledge.

According to the results, it seems necessary to consider emotional cognitive self-regulation as the influential factor promoting integrative self- knowledge.

Personality disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and stable internal experience. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of anxiety tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation concerning childhood injuries and dependent personality disorders symptoms in nurses working in hospitals in Shiraz in 1399.

In this descriptive-correlational cross-sectional study, 291 nurses selected by simple cluster sampling at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences participated in the survey in 1398. The instruments used in the present study included the Childhood Injury Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Millon-3 Clinical Multi-Axis Questionnaire (MCMI-III), and the DTS Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. To analyze the statistical data, the authors used the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient by SPSS software version 16. They also used the structural equation model in AMOS-22 software to determine the fit of the studied model to analyze the path of observable variables.

The results showed that general injuries and childhood physical and sexual abuse could indirectly affect obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (p <0.05) and emotional abuse during childhood.

The present study results showed that abused nurses during childhood are more likely to show obsessive-compulsive personality disorder symptoms in adulthood.

According to the ever-increasing trend of the elderly population in Iran, addressing issues related to this group of the society appears to be of great importance. In this regard, the purpose of the present study was to consider the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between emotional schema and pain perception in the elderly. The statistical population of the current study included all the elderly members of the centers for aging in Shiraz, Iran, among whom 251 (104 male, 147 female) who suffer from pain at least in one area of their body, were selected using convenience sampling. Data were gathered using Leahy’s Emotional Schema Scale (LESS), Gratz and Roemer’s Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as the McGill’s Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and were analyzed by Structural Equations Modeling in SPSS-24 and LISREL- 10.20 software. The results of Structural Equations Modeling indicated that the extracted model has a good fit with the empirical data. Moreover, results revealed that using limited emotional regulation strategies is able to mediating the relationship between emotional schemas of consensus, rumination, expression and numbness with pain perception in the elderly. Therefore, according to the role that emotional schemas and difficulties in emotional regulation can paly in predicting the pain perception in elderly, paying attention to these factors in preparing education and therapeutic intervention seems crucial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Capabilities in positive psychology on life expectancy among daughter Secondary school students in Najafabad city. Design of present study was pre-test, post-test with control group. After of assessing the scores, 40 people with down scores life expectancy were randomly assigned to both experimental and control groups. For examinations Group for 8 weeks (session) and per week for 2 hours, the Capabilities in positive psychology were held in a group. After completing the training sessions, both groups responded to the questionnaires and the findings were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that effective of teaching Capabilities in positive psychology on the significant increase of life expectancy at secondary school students. The results showed that of teaching capabilities in positive psychology increased in the level of strategic thinking of the dimensions of life expectancy. According to impact of positive psychology traning on increasing life expectancy, it is suggested that these concepts be further considered in the research and desine of educational programs.

Love trauma syndrome can be associated with many anxieties and negative side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between attachment styles and love trauma syndrome.

The present study was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included male and female students of Shiraz universities in 1399. By available sampling method, 341 people were selected to participate in this study. Data collection tools included Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Love trauma syndrome, and Adult Attachment Questionnaire.

The results showed that there is a correlation coefficient between ambivalent attachment (0.28**) and adaptive emotion regulation (0.23**) and maladaptive emotion regulation (0.12**) with Love trauma syndrome at the level of 0.01. Also, emotion regulation had a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles and love trauma syndrome (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of this study, health professionals can design the necessary interventions to correct attachment styles and regulate emotion in people with trauma syndrome and thus help them overcome possible psychological trauma. Bring them.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Aiden-Poly method on improving imitation skills in children with autism.

The research was a single case study with A-B design and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran Rehabilitation Center. Since the research was looking for specific or unusual cases, purposive sampling method was used. Based on this, 3 children who, according to the pediatric psychiatrist and child psychologist, had signs and symptoms of autism, were selected as the study sample. The data collection tools in this study were Gilliam (2006) Autism Diagnosis Test and Identiplay Protocol based on the approach of Phillips and Biwan (2007). To analyze the data, the methods of graph analysis, stable change index, clinical significance and percentage improvement of POD, PND and trend and middle stability compartment were used.

The results showed that the ID-Poly method was effective in improving mimicry skills in children with autism.

The results showed that Identiplay significantly increased the imitation skills of children with autism spectrum disorder. Thus, it is suggested that this method be used as a new and complementary approach in the field of education and rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum disorder along with other major therapies.