شیرین طغیانی

The concept of the right to the city necessitates that the denizens of every urban center regard the city as their own and actively engage in its affairs. By considering the indices related to the right to the city and examining the indices pertaining to the desirability of urban spaces, this study seeks to investigate the influence of the urban space desirability indices on the realization of the right to the city.

The research methodology employed in this study is both applied and descriptive-analytical, with a survey-based nature. The statistical population consisted of individuals over the age of 15 residing in Ahvaz city, with a sample size of 375 people determined using Cochran's formula. To analyze the impact of urban space desirability on the realization of the right to the city, Smart PLS software was utilized.

The results of the structural equations model reveal the importance of the impact of the variables on one another. The t values derived from the research components exhibit a significantly large value exceeding 1.96, which signifies significance at the 0.01 level. The path coefficients of the components surpass 70%, indicating a strong correlation between the components.

There is a positive and significant relationship between the urban space desirability indices and the degree of realization of the right to the city in Ahvaz city. Among the urban space desirability indices, the index of comfort and tranquility has the highest coefficient of influence among other indicators and among the indices of the right to the city, the index of physical share and the index of control and ownership had the highest coefficients of influence.

Traditionalism as an approach in contemporary philosophy has a highly critical stance towards modernity. The opinions and critical views of traditionalists towards modernity in various fields, including the philosophy of art, have caused their views to be taken into account in the urbanism and architecture. Although almost none of the famous traditionalist theorists were architects or urban planners, their serious criticisms of modernity, has helped to shape the concepts such as the desanctification of the city space and the "secularization" of space and time. Also, Burkhart and Seyed Hossein Nasr works on Islamic art and the pathology of Islamic civilization have been created seriously prominent and influential in urbanism and Islamic architecture, especially in Iran. At the same time, the opinions of traditionalists have faced serious criticism. This article tries to make an assessment of the achievements and shortcomings of this school, especially in the field of Islamic Iranian urbanism, by examining the traditionalist viewpoints and the criticisms leveled at theme and analysis of the effectiveness and capability of traditionalist viewpoints in the process of realizing the Islamic-Iranian city. This article reviews traditionalism according to its terminological definition. The above-mentioned traditionalists have suffered extremes and excesses. In this article, it is tried to introduce other approaches of fundamentalist traditionalists who have expressed the comprehensive and deeper relation between Islam and the creation of artworks, architecture and urbanism. It is also necessary to introduce these approaches for further and complementary of this research.  This research came to the conclusion that a large part of the achievements of traditionalism in contrast with modernity is in the position of criticism of modernity, using the method of library documents in the information gathering stage and the method of logical reasoning in the analysis and inference stage. In such a way that the pathology of the adverse consequences of modernity in urbanism and architecture has been able to inspire and motivate many thinkers, experts, professors and decision-makers; However, in practice and in terms of realization and achieving the Islamic city, it has not been very successful. In this text, an attempt was made by exploring and examining this issue to reach an approach for the realization of the Islamic city.

The urban space belongs to the general citizens of each city and other individuals present in the city. Therefore, urban planners should aim to create comfort and security for citizens to improve the urban space through appropriate and proficient management. The purpose of this research was to investigate the desirability of urban space in Ahwaz. The research methodology employed a quantitative approach in a descriptive-analytical manner, and the statistical population consisted of all citizens aged 15 and above in Ahwaz in 2020. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 375 was estimated, considering all urban areas of Ahwaz as a cluster. The collected information was analyzed using the SPSS software, employing a one-sample t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. The results indicate that the desirability of urban space in Ahwaz falls below the standard and desirable level, with District 2 being in a more favorable situation among the eight districts of Ahwaz.

The elderly are one of the social groups that, due to their age and the relative decrease in work activities, mainly use urban spaces for voluntary and social activities. Aging and urbanization, due to their interaction with each other, are one of the important axes of study and planning to increase the quality of life of the elderly in the city. The main purpose of this study is to identify the patterns and characteristics of elderly-centered and elderly-friendly city design and specific objectives include understanding the approaches of geriatric sociologists, urban designers and other related fields on the necessity of addressing aging, understanding the requirements of elderly-friendly city And the existing facilities of Shiraz city to join the Jirga of elderly friendly cities in Iran. The research method in this research is of a fundamental-strategic type in terms of the results and consequences of the research, considering that it tries to evaluate and improve the urban space for the elderly; In terms of implementation process, considering that the collected data will be done through inferential and descriptive statistical methods and the use of Depth map software and geostatistical analysis in Arc GIS, it is of a small type. Findings of the study showed that the eighth district of Shiraz is not suitable for the elderly in terms of most aspects of design and planning such as social participation, access to public transportation and recreational spaces and uses, and in addition to physical components such as sidewalks, sometimes components The community in the eight municipalities of Shiraz has taken a different path from the route of the elderly-friendly city.

Right to city is a concept, which seeks to involve and allocate the city to urban residents. This research investigates the validation of the right to the city through evaluating the indicators of the right to the city.

This was a descriptive-analytical survey and the statistical population of the research included all citizens older-than-15-year-old in Ahwaz County in 2021. 375 people were sampled according to the Cochran's formula as a cluster from all the urban areas of Ahwaz. One-sample T-test and spatial statistics methods were used in geographical information system to analyze the results.

The right to the city was not validated in eight districts of Ahwaz metropolis. However, the investigations indicated that regions 2 and 8 had better status than other regions. In addition, using the general Moran's statistic, it was concluded that the data are spatially self-correlated and their distribution pattern is in cluster form, except for the decision-making index, which follows a random pattern.

The degree of validation of the right to the city is lower than the standard and desirable level, and the degree of enjoyment of the right to the city in Ahwaz metropolis is unbalanced.

Today, the need to examine the future in the framework of future research models and with a strategic planning approach is critical. In terms of the present article's purpose and the descriptive-analytical research method, it is in line to identify and analyze the explanatory drivers of strategic planning in Isfahan. Targeted documentary and Delphi methods were used to identify conceptual indicators. The sample size is experts and specialists related to the research topic (30 people), who were selected from among 100 experts, city managers, and university professors (statistical community). The current research has analyzed the strategic planning components of Isfahan city by using the cross-effects analysis technique, one of the standard and accepted forecasting methods, and the Micmac program. For this purpose, all the factors involved in strategic planning were analyzed and investigated by studying the documents using the Delphi method;39 components in 4 areas (physical, cultural-social, institutional-management, structural-process) were used as indicators. Strategic planning methods were extracted. Among the 39 mentioned factors, after examining how and how much these factors affect each other on the future state of Isfahan city with direct and indirect methods, ten key factors play the most role in the future state of strategic planning of Isfahan metropolis were chosen. The results show that the evaluation and application of strategic planning in the city of Isfahan requires a comprehensive and multifaceted view because The realization of strategic planning in this city is related to the solid structural connection between these drivers.

There is humanity. Justice at the level of the system of existence means a kind of balance and proportionality in the system of existence and putting everything in its place, which is the qualitative proportionality that is also called developmental justice. Appropriate location, attention to the environment, use of appropriate materials, appropriateness of structure and architecture, avoiding futility and paying attention to man and all levels of his needs in architecture are among the principles of architecture, the need to pay attention to them is inevitable in the formation of rational or justice-oriented architecture. All the features that are associated with the word appropriateness or appropriateness are some examples of qualitative proportions in Iranian architecture, the proportion of the relationship between sizes, and in the visual arts, it indicates the appropriate relationship between the parts with each other and with the whole formed from the parts. Many examples of beautiful proportions and especially the golden ratio are found in nature (quantitative proportions). Also, in the architectural works of the past, especially the architectural works of Iran in the Islamic period, beautiful proportions have a deep and wide application. In addition to the relationship between sizes, qualitative proportions or in other words occasion are also considered in places of the creation system and in constructions and are considered as a manifestation of central justice. In this research, by examining the quantitative and qualitative proportions in the creation system and in Islamic architecture, the relationship between the two has been explained. In this regard, by studying the concepts and examples of quantitative and qualitative proportions as well as theories related to Islamic art in a descriptive-analytical method and with logical reasoning, the conclusion was reached that proportions in the quantitative and qualitative dimension are a manifestation of God's goodness in manifested creatures. It is found and then perceived by the artist and its reflection is manifested in human works including architecture. God's goodness that is manifested in the creations in art in the form of geometry, proportions, harmony, rhythm, balance, etc. is revealed by the artist. In architecture, geometry and proportions are the expression of God's justice and destiny and the manifestation of His goodness, which the artist has reflected. Justice in architecture and urban planning is interpreted as balance and all-round and inclusive proportions, that is, quantitative proportions and qualitative relationships, and compliance with proportion means beauty in its true sense.

Todaychr('39')s, the need to belong is one of the substantial basic human needs, in which the location dimension of this comprehensive need reveals the relationship between humans and location. Interest in nature and its elements could significantly affect the userschr('39') relationship with built environments and their sense of belonging. In this regard, the natural urban elements have long been known as signs. Here, such urban signs, physically or mentally, via impressive quality and features, can play an outstanding role in providing a memorable image of urban places. The Madi that move from the southwest to the northeast of Isfahan has affected the texture and the surrounding area and the historical, physical, and social characteristics of the location where they passed. The interaction of two factors, namely humans and the environment, represents their active and passive effect. Humans give meaning to locations and act based on their environmentschr('39') cultural values ​​following them. paper seeks to answer two main questions as follows: 1- What factors can be categorized as the physical-environmental elements of the Madi that affect the sense of belonging? 2- What is the effect of the functional and perceptual factors, a concept derived from Madischr('39')s physical-environmental factors, on the sense of belonging? Meanwhile, the proposed hypotheses are as follows: Hypothesis 1: Readability, uniqueness, the sense of calm, comfort, coziness, and familiarity are some of the physical-environmental components affecting the sense of belonging of inhabitants. Hypothesis 2: There is a significant relationship between the functional and perceptual factors, a concept derived from the physical-environmental factors of the Madi, and the sense of belonging of inhabitants. The field study was implemented by collecting data from the neighborhoods adjacent to the Madi using a questionnaire and a survey method. The studychr('39')s statistical population was then considered to the inhabitants adjacent to Isfahan Madi using the regular random sampling with a sample size of 100 people. The data achieved from the questionnaire were then analyzed by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. After estimating the path analysis model, it is found that the factor burden of physical-environmental effect can affect first on functional factors (0.905) via components of self-sufficiency and enjoyment of the active location, and secondly on perceptual factors (0.746) via components of satisfaction, desire, honor, humanitarianism, and compatibility are effective. Furthermore, according to the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is a direct relationship between the beautiful nature resulting from the existence of the Madi and four components including readability, uniqueness, sense of calm and comfort, coziness and familiarity, and functional and perceptual factors, which affects the userschr('39') relationship with the environment as well as increases the sense of belonging to the neighboring inhabitants of the Madi.

Today, the number of elderly people is increasing due to various factors such as changing life expectancy and population distribution. On the other hand, this period of life requires special needs such as care and health to other external and environmental factors. The social phenomenon of the city is not separate from this population group, ie the elderly, and urban planners using environmental theories can take steps to improve the use of the elderly in the city and its public spaces. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the components of the elderly-friendly city with an environmental psychology approach in the eight cities of Shiraz. After identifying the characteristics to obtain the required information using a questionnaire tool that Cochran's method was used to determine the sample and GIS data were generated using Moran analysis of the desired layers and then using hierarchical analysis and Hot spot analysis of overlapping criteria was performed using fuzzy functions and urban spaces needed by the elderly were identified. Then, by confirming the hypotheses in this field that attention to social components along with components of spatial structure can be appropriate to improve the urban environment, suggestions in this area from attention to access and public transportation to creating an environment Elderly entertainment was provided.

Today, it is critical to apply the teachings and experiences of the past by using the models, especially a conceptual model making use of a local theory being compatible with the context of our country in order to improve the urban environment, such as renovating urban decay. Therefore, this research based its framework on a new process to achieve positive changes in rejuvenating decay areas. In this article, the "Balanced Renovation of Urban Decay" Theory was first explained and it was used in a case study (central urban decayed tissue of Zanjan). The results of the first step were used for "dynamic modeling of decayed networks". The research variables used for modeling included a large number of indicators, components and social elements of the urban decay, resulting from valid theoretical sources and field studies, questionnaires, as well as using the experts’ opinions through Delphi method. This is while they are finally reduced to important and effective indicators using factor analysis method. The present study was applied in terms of objective and a survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study consisted of the residents and users of the decay central part of Zanjan, i.e., 375 citizens selected as the sample population by random sampling. The findings of this study in the "Balanced Renovation Model" suggested that the urban decay of central Zanjan was out of balance from a social dimension and the priorities for action to balance the area were determined. The output of the "Dynamic Software System Model" also indicated that system will be moving in an unbalanced direction in the future. Dynamic system models also confirm the accuracy of Balanced Theory results.Today, it is critical to apply the teachings and experiences of the past by using the models, especially a conceptual model making use of a local theory being compatible with the context of our country in order to improve the urban environment, such as renovating urban decay. Therefore, this research based its framework on a new process to achieve positive changes in rejuvenating decay areas. In this article, the "Balanced Renovation of Urban Decay" Theory was first explained and it was used in a case study (central urban decayed tissue of Zanjan). The results of the first step were used for "dynamic modeling of decayed networks". The research variables used for modeling included a large number of indicators, components and social elements of the urban decay, resulting from valid theoretical sources and field studies, questionnaires, as well as using the experts’ opinions through Delphi method. This is while they are finally reduced to important and effective indicators using factor analysis method. The present study was applied in terms of objective and a survey in terms of methodology. The statistical population of this study consisted of the residents and users of the decay central part of Zanjan, i.e., 375 citizens selected as the sample population by random sampling. The findings of this study in the "Balanced Renovation Model" suggested that the urban decay of central Zanjan was out of balance from a social dimension and the priorities for action to balance the area were determined. The output of the "Dynamic Software System Model" also indicated that system will be moving in an unbalanced direction in the future. Dynamic system models also confirm the accuracy of Balanced Theory results.

Place is the most fundamental concept in architecture and is a necessity of architectural design, and since we face changes in our understanding of place notion in the modern era which have had distinctly profound and sometimes unpleasant effects on modern and subsequent designs- in a way that architecture has largely neglected its primary task of making the noble place of human life, and its responsibility in human dwelling dimension- in order to find the roots of the evolution in place nature and its meaning, we will answer these two question: what the concept of place has been for ancient thinkers? What have been the reasons for changing the understanding of place in the modern era? How these changes have affected the understanding of place in modern architecture? and yet we will try to understand the concepts of place in ancient Greece (as the origin of western thoughts especially modern thinking) versus the modern, and finally the main findings of this study are the massive semantic transformation of place in modern age and its replacement by space in modern architecture design which mainly is the result of major attention paid to the extendedness of place, the emergence of functionalism in degradation of place, and the commercialization of place.

Implementing the urbanism science has increased recently in Iran. Utilization of this imported science in Iran without sufficient attention to has resulted in contemporary confused cities. These matters have motivated urbanism researchers to naturalize urbanism science through valuable old texts written by Muslim scholars. Up to now, "Nahj_al-Balagha", "Shahnameh of Ferdowsi", "Hafez's Divan", "Mosibatname of Attar", "Nasir Khusraw's Safarname", "Haft-Peikar of Nezami" and "Ibn Kaldun's Moghadame" have been used by researchers in the texts of urbanism or architecture. The titles, sentences, themes and contents of these texts were extracted and employed in urbanism texts. This article emphasizes on usage of old Persian texts for production or indigenization of urbanism science and offers the method for it. There are three steps to achieve this purpose.1) Firstly, two subjects were defined in the theoretical part:The process of science production was defined to include six stages: worldview, philosophy, paradigm, theory, model and phenomenon. The weakness in theorization is the most important issue in Iranian Urbanism. In addition, western science has mostly been imported to Iran from "theory" stage. Therefore, it's necessary to focus on "Theory" stage or "Theorization".Among different subjects of old valuable texts, "mystical ethics" is selected in this article, as mysticism and ethics had been employed in Iran's tradition cities. Also, Mystical ethics are matched with stages of "Islamic monotheism worldview", "Islamic philosophy" and "Islamic paradigm". Moreover, the goal of mystical ethics is personality prosperity and then social prosperity. 2) Secondly, In the A section, there is a way of "Theorization" that has been accepted by Muslim scholars. It has four levels: 1- the ideas, 2- discovery of the relationship, 3- description and expansion, 4- implementation.In the B section, there is an accepted method for usage a text. This famous method has been called "Zaherieh and Batenieh" and includes multiple steps.3) Finally, both of the processes ("Theorization" and "Zaherieh and Batenieh") are united to make up the final method for employing of old Persian texts in order to produce or indigenize the theories of Iranian urbanism. This method includes the following instructions.The brief rules in the texts of mystical ethics are used as "Ideas" in urbanism theories.The rules of mystical ethics have apparent and ambiguous meanings. So it's necessary to acquire them according to proposed method.It is necessary to create a relationship between the ethical code and urbanism subject. This step is called "discovery of the relationship". (The gained meanings in the previous stage will be of help to this step). There are two states in this part: if ethical rule has a relationship with existing theory, it would be transformed into a native theory; otherwise, a new theory should be created.The "expansion" stage includes enough description for growing up the hidden theory. One way is comparing ethics and the fact in the city. If there is a difference, the ethical code must be prevailed.The "implementation" step is suggested as a subject of a future article.

Maadi's are the distinguishing characteristic of Isfahan city in comparison with other cities of Iran. Their calm and inviting side where humans and nature get along together can be combined with architectural elements, affecting the urban feature and landscape of urban neighborhoods. The facade of residential buildings adjacent to the Maadis greatly enjoys the sense of belonging to the existing space. It is one of the most influential factors in creating a connection between residential spaces and existing nature. The vital factor in this research is the response to the dual relationship between man and nature. Also, we focused on the impact of this relationship on the landscape and residential building envelopes. It is critical to meet residents' needs and expectations and provide a more favorable environment for users.

This research has the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative studies. The field research and implementation path are a type of consecutive exploratory combined research with a pragmatism paradigm in terms of data collection. In the first stage, the data of the qualitative study was collected in the field by performing interviews. In this stage of the qualitative data collection, a set of activities was performed, such as bibliographic study, observation, photographs, and interviews with experts. Finally, the thematic analysis method was used to classify the patterns of meaning from the data set. In the second stage, the quantitative study, a survey was done based on the researcher-made questionnaires, the answers, and it was used to apply the appropriate tools. The questionnaires were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale and randomly distributed among neighboring residents of Maadis. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed in SPSS software. The Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaires, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to evaluate the normality of data distribution. In order to measure and analyze the effectiveness path of the Maadis component and the sense of belonging to the facade component, a set of variables related to each of them was entered into AMOS software. For confirmatory factor analysis of the mentioned component variables, structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were interpreted at once.

  The path coefficients of the central hypothesis, regression coefficients, and the number of partial indicators related to the hypothesis showed an effective relationship between the components, but they did not have the same value. The items of the Maadi's component were all identified with a strong and positive effect. The study of the components of the sense of belonging showed that emotional belonging had a  substantial and positive effect on all items. In addition, the functional and conceptual components, with substantial and positive effects on one item, indicated a significant relationship between the components of Maadis and the sense of belonging with the components of the facade.

The results have shown that the sense of belonging and Maadis existence significantly affect facades. From the resident's perspective, the sense of belonging has the most significant effect on the facade, form, and size, then the facade components and the materials. So that in the component of form and size, elements such as the use of curved lines and volumes that are reminiscent of the movement and twisting of water in Maadis were considered significant. The human scale in the facade by using different divisions, creating complete and empty spaces by balcony design, the porch and retreat in floors, unity, and harmony between adjacent facades, coordination in the forms used in the facade as well as avoiding uniformity and the height of more than three floors, respectively, had the most significant value and impact from the residents' point of view. From the resident's perspective, the sense of belonging has the most significant effect on the facade, form, and size, then the facade components and the materials. The Maadis components, with their evocativeness, readability, tranquility and climatic comfort, and uniqueness, respectively, increased the impact of existing nature on the facade. Therefore, paying attention to the green infrastructure of Isfahan Maadis and attracting the participation of residents, under the influence of their sense of belonging, promotes the physical characteristics of the facades of the residential buildings adjacent to the Maadis.

Some characteristics of dilapidated fabric such as land ownership type, residential and social space, low price of lands, etc. have become a cause for attraction and settlement of immigrants in such areas. Failure or prolongation of many intervention plans and consequently failure of future plans are results of this issue. This research was conducted to investigate effectiveness of immigrant residents on implementation of urban plans.This study is descriptive-analytical and provides an analytical model by explaining two concepts of dilapidated urban fabric and immigrants residing within. In order to evaluate the questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability, statistical analysis tools of SPSS software were used. Also, qualitative and quantitative statistical decision-making techniques were employed for analyzing the data.The three dilapidated area surveyed in this study are located in the city of Esfahan and are considered as marginal areas of this historical city having three distinguished population structures made up from immigrants from other countries, other provinces or within the province. Therefore, given their cultural, social, ethnic and physical differences, these three areas were selected as case studies for investigating and explaining the effectiveness of immigrant residents and implementation of intervention plans in dilapidated urban areas.In the present research, stratified simple random sampling was selected and employed from various sampling methods. The number of questionnaire samples were 226 people from Ghaemiyeh Neighborhood, 60 people from Zeynabiyeh Neighborhood, and 70 people from Hemmat Abad Neighborhood. The result showed that: the more immigrants from within a province, the higher effectiveness of urban collaborative plans; which means there is a significant relationship between status variables of immigrants residing within the dilapidated area and implementation of urban plans.

One of the controversial and critical phenomena of today's cities is the deteriorated tissue phenomenon. The issue of environmental degradation of neighborhoods is a more comprehensive phenomenon than construction depreciation, construction of quality and instability of the building. This research is based on the theory of the balanced modernization of urban exhausted tissues and in the area of the worn out tissues of Zanjan city. The purpose of this research is to explain the process of modernization of worn out tissue in a systematic way. Research variables include the components and elements of the urban wastewort system. This research was of fundamental type and after drawing of equilibrium circles, a dynamical system model was developed. Indicators and criteria of elite opinion consensus are obtained and provided to interviewers in the form of questionnaires. For data analysis, methods and statistical techniques, Delphi technique, AHP and dynamic analysis software "Vensim" have been used.The corroded tissues of the cities of the country, which in many cases form the core of these cities, are, on the one hand, part of the cultural and historical heritage of those cities, and preservation, physical improvement and functional empowerment are inevitable, and on the other hand, most of these tissues With time and lack of attention and maintenance, they are burned out and destroyed physically and functionally. Accordingly, the most important issue in the planning of this part of the city is the attention to the human factor and its participation in the planning process (Rahnema, 2009, 12).

One of the issues facing todaychr('39')s cities in Iran is the issue of maintaining and upgrading existing streets. The way of managing theses streets and dealing with them has caused various problems in different aspects of cities. The purpose of this research is investigating the principles of maintenance and promotion of urban streets with a focus on Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. This research also explains some ways to improve the quality of urban streets using Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. Gathering information was done through observation, field study and documentary studies. Using content analysis methods, documenting and graphical analysis, information and data were analyzed. The quality of the cities depends on the quality of the streets and the quality of the streets is also based on the details of the streets. After designing and constructing urban streets, they need attention, maintenance and promotion in order to be always attractive and desirable for citizens. The results of this study indicate neglecting the indigenous material, art, culture, religion, needs and interests of citizens which has led to the construction of unqualified urban spaces in the metropolitan areas of todaychr('39')s Iranian cities. This research did not seek to provide a template for urban streets designing, but it is in direction of developing principles of planning and designing urban streets based on Islamic teachings and Iranian culture. In addition to having appearances according to Islamic teachings and Iranian culture, desirable street for Iranian citizens should also be Islamic and Iranian internally. With Just the correctness of appearances it can be said that only hypocrisy is obtained, but with internal reforming, honesty can be created in urban spaces.

The discussion of man and his alienation in contemporary environments has become an important challenge in environmental psychology studies. Gibson as a theorist in the field of environmental psychology studies, introduces the component of meaning and divides it into six levels, the sixth of which is the ultimate connection between man and the environment. From the audience’s point of view, what is the view towards this issue, and what do they expect from the establishment of meaning levels in educational spaces? In other words, the purpose of the study is to determine the level of students’ expectations of establishing meaning levels and also to determine the relationship between increasing levels and environmental satisfaction of the main audience of such spaces. The research methodology is positivist, with emphasis on quantitative basic data and quantitative research. In the data collection phase, the selected method is a survey method, and in the discussion and analysis phase, the research method is based on statistical reasons and with an explanatory descriptive nature. Gibson’s semantic levels and ideal student status are considered as the two main variables of the study, which are used to determine the correlation relationship between these two variables using Pearson coefficient. Finally, this study concludes that increasing semantic levels in the interior space is more important for the audience of the space and after that the yard has the highest correlation coefficient, but in the entrance space, increasing the semantic levels has an inverse relationship with students’ environmental satisfaction and they do not seek to increase semantic levels in such spaces.

Today assessing the sustainability status is one of the best ways to measure the amount of desirability of urban Function. Due to neglection towards the role of old centers in promoting the social, economic and urban identity, the amount of urban issues and problems significantly increased and become more sever. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between sustainability components and evaluate the impact of these components on the sustainability of urban nabourhoods in the old geography of Tehran.

The Sanglag district was selected as the case study. Research data was obtained through field survey. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data analysis was conducted with the use of Structural Equation Modeling and Smart Pls3 software.

The findings of this study indicate that the average of sustainability component and also the contribution of each component in detrmining the sustainability of Sanglag district are different. The appropriateness and access components, has the least contribution in detrmining the sustainability of this district.  

 Contemporary changes, both in terms of content and procedure, have hade a significant effect on sustainability of each district. In old neighborhoods, the main focus is on the performance and macro issue consideration, and with the organic, integrated, closed, centralized, and dense context there is weaker homogeneous consistency with minimum open spaces and green spaces. In Sanglae, we can modify and renovate the district with a proper management and increase the utilization and efficiency of the neighborhood.

Today, urban decay is a grave problem in metropolises. Despite the rules and regulations passed by the lawmakers to protect areas affected by the phenomenon, and in the face of all years-long regeneration, faults and flaws in the laws have hindered the perfect implementation of the desired objectives. Given the importance of the issue, urban renovation and reconstruction are the strategies adopted to resolve the problems of the urban fabric. A novel approach in tackling the problem, regeneration facilitates the social and economic revival as well as spatial restoration of the fabric. The aim of the present study is to identify and prioritize various aspects of regeneration of the urban decay for the purpose of legal planning.

The present study is classified as a basic research in terms of the objective, and qualitative and quantitative methods were used to conduct it. Grounded Theory was the approach selected for the qualitative part, while the documentary research was carried out using content analysis and meta synthesis. The research population is comprised of experts, scholars, and university professors in urban planning. Data were collected through documentary research, opinions, definitions, and in-depth open-ended interviews. A total of 35 individuals were interviewed for the purpose of this research. Qualitative data analysis, coding, and identifying the frequency of the codes extracted from interviews were done using NVivo. Then, the heirarchies were decided using AHP method and Expert Choice progra along with paired comparison questionarre. To this, Sirus Neighborhood in Tehran was selected as the case study according to the valuation of criteria based on the issues the neighborhood is faced with. Another reason for this choice was that it had been selected as the pilot location to carry out the regeneration objectives. Conclusions and

"Physical regeneration”, "social regeneration”, "environmental regeneration”, "urban managemnet regeneration”, and "economic regeneration” were extracted from the qualitative analysis as the legal components of resilience in the process of urban decay regeneration. Meanwhile, considering social complications and the influence of the community on the neighborhood indicated that establishing ties between the neighborhood in question and other neighborhoods of Tehran and their residents is the prerequisite to the realization of regeneration objectives in the historical area. Improving the social condition in the neighborhoods with greater sense of attachment can be materialized through the improvement of social indicators, increase in the quality of life and sense of satisfaction, preventing immigration, and eventually, providing better development platforms. Meanwhile, given the importance of urban management in urban development, a holistic, integrated, and inclusive approach which draws upon social and financial condition of the residents and preventing trivial actions in housing sector can help to achieve the regeneration objectives in the improvement of resilience.

The findings indicate that planning to improve social indicators must be the highest priority of lawmakers in order that the improvement in development platform can facilitate the realization of regeneration objectives.

It is clear that each community should be have the specific urbanism science. Science localization is an obvious matter. This matter has motivated Iranian researchers, in urbanism field, to naturalize urbanism science having been imported to Iran. One method for producing or indigenizing urbanism texts in Iran, especially in recent years, is Utilization of Iranian-valuable texts. There are high valuable-native texts that could be reused for compilation new texts in urbanism field. So far, urbanism researchs have been done that inspired from Iranian-valuable text, such as "Nahj_al-Balagha", "Shahnameh of Ferdowsi", "Hafez's Divan", "Mosibatname of Attar", "Nasir Khusraw's Safarnama", "Haft-Peikar of Nezami" and "Ibn Kaldun's Moghadame", but none of these researchs were expressed a systematic method. However, this article suggests a specific method to use old texts for creating new urbanism texts. In other words, the main aim of this article is presented an efficient method for Using the Iranian's-Valuable Texts in order to compile new urbanism texts. In this article, "Islamic ethical texts" have been selected for better cognition of suggested method and as a case study too. Ethical texts don't directly mention about urban and urbanism, while explain the best ways of life and relationships in societies. Three questions are intended to be answered here, which are following bellow: 1. What is the proper method of using the Iranian's-Valuable Texts for writing the new urbanism texts? 2. How this method  would be applied in different ethical texts? and finally, 3. which kind of urbanism texts would be written by this method?  Therefore, it can be said that this paper is a methodology article.
The usage of primary text for creating new text is a theory that is called "Intertextuality". However, Intertextuality has not been used here. Because it is not coincident to Iranian culture. A native technique for doing this research is needed. Hence, after many researches among the Iranian techniques, the suitable technique has been found which had called the science of rhetoric (Balaghat) and the science of rhetorical embellishment (Badi). There were about sixteen literary techniques and figures of speech in Balaghat and Badi science. But only one of them, "Eghtebas" or "adaptation", has been selected as the chosen method in this article, as it has the most complete definition in compare to fifteen remained figures. furthermore, it has become quite operationally in other fields as literature and art. The first step in adaptation is selection of the original text. In this regard, it's necessary to consider somethings such as being valuable of the first text, similarity between the culture of the first text and  the new one, timeless and placeless contents of the original text and finally, convertible subject of the original text to the second text. Texts with content of "Islamic ethics" have been selected as a subject of old-valuable text which have the whole of mentioned considerations.
In the theoretical part, two subjects are defined: The ethical texts and different types of Eghtebas. The ethics have an old and strong precedence in Iran's history. The goal of ethical texts is personality prosperity and after that social and urban prosperity. Four different Islamic ethical texts are introduced. These four types are based on four-different definition about ethics. They are included: 1-Mystisim ethics, 2-philosophy ethics, 3-narative ethics and 4- literary ethics. "Mysticism ethics texts" are based on "Intuition". "Philosophy ethical text" are base on "wisdom", "Narrative ethical text" are based on revelation and "literary ethical texts" are based on "expediency". Then, different kinds of Eghtebas are explained. In major division, Eghtebas has three different types; "dramatic changes", "moderate changes" and "no changes". In minor division of Eghtebas, "dramatic changes" are included: "Re-created", "Revision", "Using title" and "Amiq". Also "moderate changes" are included: "Re-writing", "Selective writing" and "Abridgment".
 
The results answer to three questions that previously mentioned.
-Firstly, four kinds of Eghtebas are explained in relation with four ethical texts by using the inference and logical reasoning method. The new texts of urbanism would be adopted base on the ethical texts. It seems that almost all species of the Eghtebas species are usable for the four types of ethical texts. Althoug, their relation has been shown with "suitable", "unsuitable" and "allowable" position. For every type of the ethical texts, there is a more appropriate Eghtebas that is included: "Re-created" for usage from "Mysticism ethics, "Revision" for "literary ethics", "Re-writing" for "Philosophy ethics" and "Selective writing" for "Narrative ethics".
-Secondly, the writer of urbanism text can extract word, meaning, subject, writing form and type of language from the original text and reuse them with three positions of "no changes", "dramatic changes" ("Re-created", "Revision", "Using title" and "Amiq") and "moderate changes" ("Re-writing", "Selective writing" and "Abridgment") in urbanism text.
-Finally, the new urbanism texts can have different topics such as theoretical and philosophical foundations, normative theories, qualitative features, utopia and urbanism history.

Educational spaces, which take up a large part of students' daily time, are not created merely to meet educational needs, but should include the various aspects of student interaction and the physical environment that give rise to a sense of belonging to the school. This feeling will connect the person with the place. Students who are studying in these educational environments can understand the meaning of it, they can communicate better with that environment. Today, the study of the sense of belonging in schools has received less attention and mostly the educational needs of students have been taken into account. Addressing this special issue and examining it among high school students is very important because of their awared behavior. At the present, the relationship between students and the school environment is very important; therefore, the purpose of this article is understanding the effective components of the environment. It seems that one of the factors influencing this relationship is the meaning of the environment.

The data collection was don based on a survey method, using both questionnaires and direct observation and mapping observations. The research method according to open-ended questions is a combination of consecutive ones. The analysis stage also relies on the results of the questionnaire to identify their relationship with the characteristics of space.

Data collection was done through survey and open and closed questionnaires and direct students’ behavior observation. The questionnaire was developed and analyzed in 6 qualitative sections.

The results of the research indicate that the effect of form-spatial school features on student's belongingness is higher than other environmental factors, due to semantic capabilities. In other words, in various levels of environment’s meanings, the fourth and fifth levels of meaning, which are considered to be the symbolic meaning, are more important than other levels of meaning for students, and its cause is largely rooted in the value and emotional meanings of space. In fact, there is, a completely direct relationship between the semantic levels of changed function of non-profit school space and the ideal situation of students in educational spaces. In other words, the emotional and perceptual components of the school environment can better communicate with the student's mental state if they use the symbolic levels of meaning in space.

Urban spaces are representations of the citizens’ life quality based on environmental, cultural and social structures. One can come to a clear and general overview on this point by analyzing those structures as parts of the whole city or society. The study of urban spaces from this point of view has been neglected due to several reasons including the ease of understanding the physical and environmental aspects compared to the meaning and performance of the urban spaces. This study is a strategic-urban one with an applied method obtained from the results of descriptive-inferential and library-based studies based on which our model has been formed. The accuracy of hypothesis was investigated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) especially Partial Least Square (PLS) method in Smart PLS and the SPSS software. In addition, bootstrapping, confirmatory factor analysis, Cross Validated Redundancy (CV red.), Cross Validated Communality (CV com.), t- value test, Stone-Geisser’s Q² value and GOF index were applied in the study. The results of the study indicated the significant levels of 3.403, 2.405 and 6.085 for meaning, function and form respectively with acceptable level (1.96) which show that the three components of form, function, and meaning always have a two-link relationship (dialectic) with each other, and it may be possible to set a set of discourses among them that can be defined in the form of a general structure. Thus, these components in combination can be effective in the formation and occurrence of behavioral patterns by guaranteeing human activities.